CN103730045A - Comprehensive demonstration instrument for studying gas discharge phenomenon and air pressure influence on liquid boiling points - Google Patents
Comprehensive demonstration instrument for studying gas discharge phenomenon and air pressure influence on liquid boiling points Download PDFInfo
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- CN103730045A CN103730045A CN201410023494.5A CN201410023494A CN103730045A CN 103730045 A CN103730045 A CN 103730045A CN 201410023494 A CN201410023494 A CN 201410023494A CN 103730045 A CN103730045 A CN 103730045A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a comprehensive demonstration instrument for studying a gas discharge phenomenon and air pressure influence on liquid boiling points. The comprehensive demonstration instrument comprises a control console, a vacuum pump, a vacuum air pressure gauge, a direct-current high-pressure power supply, a parallel-plate power supply, a solenoid power supply, a heating wire power supply and two vacuum containers arranged on the control console, wherein the vacuum pump, the vacuum air pressure gauge, the direct-current high-pressure power supply, the parallel-plate power supply, the solenoid power supply and the heating wire power supply are arranged in the control console. The comprehensive demonstration instrument is characterized in that a vacuum system for studying the relation of air pressure and the boiling point is arranged in one vacuum container, and a gas discharge vacuum system is arranged in the other vacuum system. The comprehensive demonstration instrument can completely show spark discharge, glow discharge, brush discharge, arc discharge and other different electric discharge phenomena, can control voltage, air pressure, current, electrode space, different gases and other factors to observe the relations of the factors during gas discharge, demonstrate a charged particle deflection phenomenon through an extra electric field and a magnetic field and can further demonstrate the relation of the air pressure and different liquid boiling points.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to physics teaching experiment equipment, be specifically related to a kind of gas discharge phenomenon and the comprehensive demonstration instrument of air pressure on boiling point of liquid impact probed into.
Background technology
Atom (or molecule) in gas is collision mutually under highfield (or magnetic field) effect, makes bound electron depart from gas atom and becomes free electron, at this moment has electric current to pass through gas electric discharge phenomena occur.Middle school physics, is designed with the lecture experiment that utilizes gas-discharge tube to carry out low density gas electric discharge in senior middle school's textbook, and in the introduction of Lorentz force, has mentioned the motion of charged particle in magnetic field.Gas discharge has very important effect in middle school and college physical experiment teaching, need the instrument of the different electric discharge phenomena such as displaying spark discharge, glow discharge, corona discharge, arc discharge that can be complete, by controlling the factors such as voltage, air pressure, electric current, die opening, gas with various, probe into the impact of each factor on gas discharge.A kind of demonstration platform of probing into gas discharge phenomenon as disclosed in CN103247204A, comprise operator's console, vacuum pump, vacuum meter, vacuum bell jar, digital electronic ammeter, digital voltmeter, high-voltage power supply and spheric electrode, vacuum bell jar is sealed in the upper of operator's console, and vacuum pump is connected with in vacuum bell jar by pipeline; Vacuum meter is connected with vacuum bell jar by pipeline; In vacuum (-tight) housing, be provided with two spheric electrodes, be connected respectively with the both positive and negative polarity of high-voltage power supply, digital electronic ammeter is connected between spheric electrode and high-voltage power supply, and digital voltmeter is connected in parallel between high-voltage power supply the two poles of the earth.This demonstration platform can be complete the different electric discharge phenomena such as displaying spark discharge, glow discharge, corona discharge, arc discharge, and can, by controlling the factors such as voltage, air pressure, electric current, die opening, gas with various, probe into the impact of each factor on gas discharge.But it is comparatively single to probe into content, does not relate to probing into and demonstrating of the factors such as die opening, electric current, gas with various.When the gas discharge phenomenon of demonstrating under different field intensity or magnetic field, also lack variable and probe into.
For barometric pressure effect boiling point, middle school period has been mentioned to the qualitative impact of air pressure on water boiling point.For the ease of enter the demonstration of the relation of boiling point of liquid and pressure in classroom, the relevant personnel have designed apparatus for demonstrating, make the student's impact of air pressure on boiling point of liquid intuitively.As disclosed in CN201955970U " a kind of boiling point of liquid and pressure relation demonstration device ", comprises iron stand, well heater, glass flask, rubber plug, thermometer and snorkel; Glass flask contain fluid is also placed on iron stand, and well heater is positioned at glass flask below to glass flask heating, and rubber stopper seal is in glass flask mouth, and thermometer stretches in the liquid in glass flask through rubber plug; Snorkel stretches on the liquid level in glass flask through rubber plug.But it is comparatively single to probe into content, can not carry out quantitative research to different liquids boiling point air pressure surperficial with it, cause its profound principle of student's indigestion.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of gas discharge phenomenon and the comprehensive demonstration instrument of air pressure on boiling point of liquid impact probed into, its can be complete the different electric discharge phenomena such as displaying spark discharge, glow discharge, corona discharge, arc discharge, and can control the factors such as voltage, air pressure, electric current, die opening, gas with various, observe the relation between each factor while affecting gas discharge; By extra electric field and magnetic field, the deflection phenomenon of demonstration charged particle; Can also effectively observe, the relation between quantitative examination air pressure and different liquids boiling point.
Described gas discharge phenomenon and the comprehensive demonstration instrument of air pressure on boiling point of liquid impact probed into, comprise operator's console, be located at vacuum pump, baro-vacuum gauge, DC high-voltage power supply, parallel-plate power supply, solenoid power supply and electrothermal wire power in operator's console, be located at two vacuum tanks above operator's console, it is characterized in that: in a described vacuum tank, be provided with and probe into air pressure and boiling point is related to vacuum system, in another described vacuum tank, be provided with gas discharge vacuum system; Described DC high-voltage power supply is located in the DC high-voltage source region in operator's console.
Described probe into air pressure and boiling point be related to vacuum system comprise heating container, be located at heating container bottom heating wire, be located at heat sensitive sensor on heating container inwall, tip upside down on the condenser of heating container outside, bottom at condenser is provided with freeing port, on the top of condenser, be provided with water filling port and air hole, described air hole is through condenser inwall and condenser outer walls, make inside and the exterior of condenser, thereby make heating container internal liquid top air pressure equal to probe into air pressure and boiling point is related to the air pressure in vacuum system; Described heating wire is connected with the electrothermal wire power who is located in operator's console;
Described gas discharge vacuum system comprises two horizontally disposed spheric electrodes, spheric electrode by copper rod be fixed on operator's console above, another spheric electrode is fixed on a slide block by copper rod, this slide block coordinates with the chute above being located at operator's console, and this slide block can slide and change die opening in chute; Two spheric electrodes are connected with the both positive and negative polarity that is located at the DC high-voltage power supply in operator's console respectively; Also comprise two parallel electrode plates that are located at respectively two upper and lower both sides of spheric electrode, a parallel electrode plate below supports by the metal support being connected on operator's console, a parallel electrode plate above supports by the insulating support being connected on operator's console, below a superincumbent parallel electrode plate with a parallel electrode plate below be respectively equipped with the solenoid that a structure is identical above, two solenoidal mouths of pipe are relatively and preserve certain distance; Two parallel electrode plates are connected with the both positive and negative polarity that is located at the parallel-plate power supply in operator's console respectively, and two solenoids are connected with the both positive and negative polarity that is located at the solenoid power supply in operator's console respectively.
Described gas discharge phenomenon and the comprehensive demonstration instrument of air pressure on boiling point of liquid impact probed into is provided with solenoid power switch, parallel electrode plate power switch, digital display thermometer switch, vacuum pump switch, DC high-voltage source switch, total power switch, DC high-voltage power supply adjusting knob, digital voltmeter, fuel level gauge, vacuum meter, valve, digital display thermometer, parallel electrode plate power adjustment knob and solenoid power adjustment knob on the leading flank of described operator's console; Described digital voltmeter is connected in parallel between described two spheric electrodes; Described vacuum meter by rubber tube respectively with probe into air pressure and be related to that with boiling point vacuum system and gas discharge vacuum system are connected, for measuring the vacuum tightness in this two vacuum system; Described valve is used for controlling three-way pipeline push/pull state, and described digital display thermometer is electrically connected with described heat sensitive sensor;
On the trailing flank of described operator's console, be provided with power supply slot, water source interface, two air intake openings, electric fan and water delivering orifices, described water source interface is connected and communicates with the water filling port of described condenser by flexible pipe, and described water delivering orifice is connected and communicates with the freeing port of described condenser by flexible pipe; Described two air intake openings are connected with described vacuum pump by conduit respectively;
On described operator's console, be also provided with vacuum pump venthole, vacuum pump lubrication hole and two vacuum pump aspirating holes, vacuum pump aspirating hole is located at probes into air pressure and boiling point is related in vacuum system, and another vacuum pump aspirating hole is located in described gas discharge vacuum system; Described two vacuum pump aspirating holes by flexible pipe with establish vacuum pump in operator's console and be connected and communicate, described vacuum pump by three-way pipeline respectively with probe into the vacuum pump aspirating hole 21 of air pressure in being related to vacuum system and gas discharge vacuum system with boiling point and be connected, by controlling valve in three-way pipeline, select the vacuum system of vacuum pump effect.
Further, described two vacuum tanks are transparent glass container, all sealing be fixed on operator's console above, under vacuum container cover, be lined with rubber sealing ring.
Further, described parallel-plate power supply and solenoid power supply are DC low voltage power supply.
In gas discharge system, in vacuum tank, be provided with two spheric electrodes, by the electrode interface being located in vacuum system, be connected with the both positive and negative polarity of high-voltage power supply respectively, described digital electronic ammeter is connected between spheric electrode and high-voltage power supply, and described digital voltmeter is connected in parallel between the both positive and negative polarity of high-voltage power supply; Described parallel electrode plate is placed on the upper and lower both sides of metal electrode, and two-plate is connected with low-tension supply the two poles of the earth respectively, and bottom crown supports by metal support, is surrounded by insulation course outward, and top crown supports by insulating support.Described solenoid is identical two of shape, is separately fixed on bottom crown, and the mouth of pipe relatively and leave certain distance.
Probing in the system of air pressure and boiling point relation, heating container, at innermost layer, is fixed with heating wire in container, and stretches out electrothermal wire power's line by operator's console inside; Described heat sensitive sensor is attached in heating container, and signal is reached to digital display thermometer; Described condenser is similar to the double layer glass cup of back-off, and condenser top is also provided with air hole, is communicated with condenser inside and outside, so that heating container internal liquid top air pressure equals the aspiration pump pressure of bleeding.
Condenser is stuck in the annular groove edge of operator's console upper surface, and this annular groove is a bit larger tham the thickness of condenser wall, and is provided with condensate water water filling port in condenser outer walls, can be connected with operator's console rear side water source interface by flexible pipe.
Branch pipe tee connection and two system junctions are provided with valve, and when valve is pressed, in pushing, vacuum pump acts on air pressure and boiling point Probe of relationship system, when valve is upspring, in drawing position, acts on gas discharge system.
At the rear side of operator's console, respectively establish a vacuum system gas valve, this valve by conduit respectively with gas discharge system and probe into air pressure and be connected with boiling point relational system, by valve, can make vacuum system communicate with the external world, balance inner and outer air pressure, to open vacuum system.
Before experiment, guarantee that gas valve tightens, prevent gas leakage, check the voltage-regulation knob of high-voltage power supply and low-tension supply, guarantee that voltage is zero; Check vacuum pump oil mass, if deficiency adds pump oil from lubrication hole.
While carrying out gas discharge experiment, by slip die opening chute, regulate die opening, fixing rear die opening the record measured.Cover tightly the lid of vacuum tank, switch on power, valve in branch pipe tee connection, in drawing position, is opened to vacuum pump switch, and vacuum pump is started working, vacuum pump is extracted air in vacuum system out, air pressure in vacuum system is reduced, and its internal vacuum will show, when vacuum tightness reaches certain value, vacuum pump switch be closed on vacuum meter, now vacuum system inside will become sealing system, and vacuum keep is constant.Now, open switch high-voltage power supply is opened, by voltage-regulation button, regulate the voltage between spheric electrode, instantaneous voltage is read by digital voltmeter.Increasing voltage or changing in the process of air pressure, can be observed spark discharge, corona discharge, glow discharge, arc discharge, record the electric current and voltage value of voltage breakdown and various electric discharge phenomena, and fixation phenomenon analysis data, draw experiment conclusion.If desired probe into the impact of magnetic field on gas discharge phenomenon, can open solenoid power switch, by solenoid power adjustment knob, regulate size of current in solenoid, thereby change magnetic field size, observe gas discharge phenomenon under different magnetic field.If desired probe into the impact of electric field on gas discharge phenomenon, can open parallel-plate power switch, by parallel-plate power adjustment knob, regulate parallel-plate voltage swing, thereby change electric field level, observe not gas discharge phenomenon under same electric field.
Carry out air pressure and boiling point while being related to Experimental Research, in heating container, inject testing liquid, along groove, buckle condenser, with flexible pipe, connect entery and delivery port respectively, cover tightly the lid of vacuum tank.Open total water source interface, can allow condensate water flow into from the top of condenser, from the bottom of condenser, discharge.Switch on power, by the valve in branch pipe tee connection in pushing, open vacuum pump switch, vacuum pump is started working, and vacuum pump is extracted air in vacuum system out, and the air pressure in vacuum system is reduced, its internal vacuum will show on vacuum meter, when vacuum tightness reaches certain value, vacuum pump switch is closed, now vacuum system inside will become sealing system, and vacuum keep is constant.Open digital display thermometer switch, electrothermal wire power is connected simultaneously, heating testing liquid, observes digital display thermometer registration and increases, and when the testing liquid in heating container seethes with excitement, observes thermometer registration and remains unchanged.Then, stop heating liquid, and after liquid stops boiling, the slowly air intake opening of opening operation platform rear side, changes the air pressure in vacuum system, records the boiling point of liquid under different air pressure, analyzes data, obtains the quantitative relationship of boiling point of liquid and air pressure.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: easy and simple to handle, convenient demonstration, can completely is shown the different electric discharge phenomena such as spark discharge, glow discharge, corona discharge, arc discharge, and can control the factors such as voltage, air pressure, electric current, die opening, gas with various, observe the relation between each factor while affecting gas discharge; By extra electric field and magnetic field, the deflection phenomenon of demonstration charged particle; Can also demonstrate the relation between air pressure and boiling point of liquid.This demonstration platform is conducive in middle school, university's experiment extensively universal, is also beneficial to exploitation and shows in science popularization place.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is axonometric drawing of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the rear view of Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is control panel structural representation of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is structure line frame graph of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of three-way pipeline in the present invention.
In figure: 1-operator's console, 2-heating container, 3-condenser inwall, 4-condenser outer walls, 5-air hole, 6-vacuum tank, 7-spheric electrode, 8-parallel electrode plate, 9-solenoid, 10-metal support, 11-vacuum pump venthole, 12-vacuum pump lubrication hole, 13-freeing port, 14-heating wire, 15-heat sensitive sensor, 16-water filling port, 17-insulating support, 18-DC high-voltage source region, 19-chute, , 21-vacuum pump aspirating hole, 22-vacuum pump, 23-power supply slot, 24-water source interface, 25-air intake opening, 26-electric fan, 27-solenoid power switch, 28-parallel electrode plate power switch, 29-digital display thermometer switch, 30-vacuum pump switch, 31-DC high-voltage source switch, 32-total power switch, 33-DC high-voltage power supply adjusting knob, 34-digital voltmeter, 35-fuel level gauge, 36-baro-vacuum gauge, 37-valve, 38-digital display thermometer, 39-parallel electrode plate power adjustment knob, 40-solenoid power adjustment knob, 41-probes into air pressure and boiling point is related to vacuum system, 42-gas discharge vacuum system, 43-DC high-voltage power supply, 44-parallel-plate power supply, 45-solenoid power supply, 46-water delivering orifice, 47-electrothermal wire power.
Embodiment
In order further to explain technical scheme of the present invention, below by coming by reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention will be described in detail.
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, described gas discharge phenomenon and the comprehensive demonstration instrument of air pressure on boiling point of liquid impact probed into, comprise operator's console 1, be located at the vacuum pump 22 in operator's console, baro-vacuum gauge 36, DC high-voltage power supply 43, parallel-plate power supply 44, solenoid power supply 45 and electrothermal wire power 47, be located at two vacuum tanks 6 above operator's console, its outstanding essential characteristics is: in a described vacuum tank 6, be provided with and probe into air pressure and boiling point is related to vacuum system 41, in another described vacuum tank 6, be provided with gas discharge vacuum system 42, described DC high-voltage power supply is located in the DC high-voltage source region 18 in operator's console.
Described probe into air pressure and boiling point be related to vacuum system 41 comprise heating container 2, be located at heating container bottom heating wire 14, be located at heat sensitive sensor 15 on heating container inwall, tip upside down on the condenser of heating container outside, in the bottom of condenser, be provided with freeing port 13, on the top of condenser, be provided with water filling port 16 and air hole 5, described air hole is through condenser inwall 3 and condenser outer walls 4, make inside and the exterior of condenser, thereby make heating container internal liquid top air pressure equal to probe into air pressure and boiling point is related to the air pressure in vacuum system; Described heating wire 14 is connected with the electrothermal wire power 47 who is located in operator's console;
Described gas discharge vacuum system 42 comprises two horizontally disposed spheric electrodes 7, spheric electrode is that diameter is the steel ball of 15.74mm, spheric electrode by copper rod be fixed on operator's console above, another spheric electrode is fixed on a slide block by copper rod, this slide block coordinates with the chute 19 above being located at operator's console, and this slide block can slide and change die opening in chute; Two spheric electrodes are connected with the both positive and negative polarity that is located at the DC high-voltage power supply 43 in operator's console respectively;
Also comprise two parallel electrode plates 8 that are located at respectively two upper and lower both sides of spheric electrode, a parallel electrode plate below supports by the metal support 10 being connected on operator's console, a parallel electrode plate above supports by the insulating support 17 being connected on operator's console, below a superincumbent parallel electrode plate with being respectively equipped with 9, two solenoidal mouths of pipe of solenoid that a structure is identical above relatively and preserving certain distance an of parallel electrode plate below; Two parallel electrode plates are connected with the both positive and negative polarity that is located at the parallel-plate power supply 44 in operator's console respectively, and two solenoids are connected with the both positive and negative polarity that is located at the solenoid power supply 45 in operator's console respectively.
Described gas discharge phenomenon and the comprehensive demonstration instrument of air pressure on boiling point of liquid impact probed into is provided with solenoid power switch 27, parallel electrode plate power switch 28, digital display thermometer switch 29, vacuum pump switch 30, DC high-voltage source switch 31, total power switch 32, DC high-voltage power supply adjusting knob 33, digital voltmeter 34, fuel level gauge 35, vacuum meter 36, valve 37, digital display thermometer 38, parallel electrode plate power adjustment knob 39 and solenoid power adjustment knob 40 on the leading flank of described operator's console 1; Described digital voltmeter 34 is connected in parallel between described two spheric electrodes 7; Described vacuum meter 36 by rubber tube respectively with probe into air pressure and be related to that with boiling point vacuum system 41 and gas discharge vacuum system 42 are connected, for measuring the vacuum tightness in this two vacuum system; Described valve 37 is for controlling three-way pipeline push/pull state, and described digital display thermometer 38 is electrically connected with described heat sensitive sensor 15;
On the trailing flank of described operator's console 1, be provided with power supply slot 23, water source interface 24, two air intake openings 25, electric fan 26 and water delivering orifices 46, described water source interface is connected and communicates with the water filling port 16 of described condenser by flexible pipe, and described water delivering orifice is connected and communicates with the freeing port 13 of described condenser by flexible pipe; Described two air intake openings are connected with described vacuum pump 22 by conduit respectively;
On described operator's console 1, be also provided with vacuum pump venthole 11, vacuum pump lubrication hole 12 and two vacuum pump aspirating holes 21, vacuum pump aspirating hole is located at probes into air pressure and boiling point is related in vacuum system 41, and another vacuum pump aspirating hole is located in described gas discharge vacuum system 42; Described two vacuum pump aspirating holes 21 by flexible pipe with establish vacuum pump 22 in operator's console 1 and be connected and communicate, described vacuum pump by three-way pipeline respectively with probe into the vacuum pump aspirating hole 21 of air pressure in being related to vacuum system and gas discharge vacuum system with boiling point and be connected, by controlling valve 37 in three-way pipeline, select the vacuum system of vacuum pump effect.
Described two vacuum tanks 6 are transparent glass container, all sealing be fixed on operator's console 1 above, under vacuum container cover, be lined with rubber sealing ring.
Described parallel-plate power supply 44 and solenoid power supply 45 are DC low voltage power supply.
Described vacuum pump 22 and high-voltage power supply 43 are arranged in operator's console 1; Described vacuum pump 22 by three-way pipeline with probe into the vacuum pump aspirating hole 21 of air pressure in being related to vacuum system 41, gas discharge vacuum system 42 with boiling point and be connected, the vacuum system of selecting vacuum pump 22 to act on by the valve 37 of controlling in pipeline; Described vacuum pump aspirating hole 21, for the air in vacuum system is extracted out, is discharged to platform outside by vacuum pump venthole 11.
In gas discharge vacuum system 42, be provided with two spheric electrodes 7, spheric electrode is that diameter is the steel ball of 15.74mm, it is fixed on one end of copper rod, the other end of copper rod is connected with the both positive and negative polarity of high-voltage power supply 43 respectively, one spheric electrode is fixed on operator's console upper surface, another spheric electrode is fixed on the slide block in die opening chute 19, and this slide block can slide and change die opening in chute.Described digital voltmeter 34 is connected in parallel between the both positive and negative polarity of high-voltage power supply 43; Described parallel electrode plate 8 is placed on spheric electrode, and Shang Xia 7 both sides, and two-plate is connected with parallel-plate power supply 44 the two poles of the earth respectively, and bottom crown supports by metal support 10, is surrounded by insulation course outward, and top crown supports by insulating support 17.Described solenoid 9 is identical two, is separately fixed on bottom crown, and the mouth of pipe relatively and reserve certain distance;
Be related in vacuum system 41 probing into air pressure and boiling point, heating container 2 is at innermost layer, and bottom is fixed with heating wire 14, and stretches out electrothermal wire power's line 47 by operator's console inside; Described heat sensitive sensor 15 is attached in heating container 2 interior wall, and signal is reached to digital display thermometer 38; Described condenser 4 tips upside down on heating container 2 outsides, and condenser top is also provided with air hole 5, is communicated with condenser inside and outside, makes heating container internal liquid top air pressure equal the air pressure in vacuum system.
Described vacuum meter 36 measurement of vacuum scopes are-0.1Mp-0Mpa, and accuracy class is 1.6 grades, and vacuum meter 36 is connected with two vacuum systems 41,42 by rubber tube, for measuring the vacuum tightness in two vacuum systems;
Described DC high-voltage power supply 43 is ± 2500 volts of stabilized voltage supplys, which is provided with the voltage-regulation knob 33 for regulation voltage size, and has the digital voltmeter 34 of corresponding range.Described digital voltmeter is connected in parallel between two spheric electrodes.
Before experiment, by power supply slot 23, plug in, opening power master switch 32, and check whether two air intake openings 25 are tightened, in case leak-stopping gas; Check DC high-voltage power supply adjusting knob 33, the voltage of guaranteeing DC high-voltage power supply 43 is zero; Check the oil mass of vacuum pump 22, when not enough, from vacuum pump lubrication hole 12, refuel.
When carrying out gas discharge experiment, by the slide block being slidably fitted in chute 19, regulate die opening, fixing rear die opening the record measured.Cover tightly the lid of vacuum tank 6, connect DC high-voltage source current 43, valve on three-way pipeline 37, in " drawing position ", is opened to vacuum pump switch 30, and vacuum pump 22 is started working, vacuum pump is extracted interior gas discharge vacuum system 42 air out, air pressure in vacuum system is reduced, and its internal vacuum will show, when vacuum tightness reaches certain value, vacuum pump switch 30 be closed on vacuum meter 36, now gas discharge vacuum system 42 inside will become sealing system, and air pressure remains unchanged.Now, open DC high-voltage source switch 31 DC high-voltage power supply 43 is opened, by DC high-voltage power supply adjusting knob 33, regulate two voltages between spheric electrode 7, instantaneous voltage is read by digital voltmeter 34.Increasing voltage or changing in the process of air pressure, can be observed spark discharge, corona discharge, glow discharge, arc discharge, record the electric current and voltage value of voltage breakdown and various electric discharge phenomena, and fixation phenomenon analysis data, draw experiment conclusion.If desired probe into the impact of magnetic field on gas discharge phenomenon, can open solenoid power switch 27, by solenoid power adjustment knob 40, regulate size of current in solenoid 9, thereby change magnetic field size, observe gas discharge phenomenon under different big or small magnetic field.If desired probe into the impact of electric field on gas discharge phenomenon, can open parallel electrode plate power switch 28, by parallel electrode plate power adjustment knob 39, regulate two voltage swings between parallel electrode plate 8, thereby change electric field level, observe not gas discharge phenomenon under same electric field.
When probing into air pressure and the experiment of boiling point relation, in heating container 2, inject testing liquid, along groove, buckle condenser 4, cover tightly the lid of vacuum tank 6.Open total water source interface 24, by water filling port 16, condensate water is injected in condenser; By freeing port 13 by condensate water eductor condenser.Open total power switch 32, by the valve on three-way pipeline 37 in " pushing ", open vacuum pump switch 30, vacuum pump 22 is started working, and will probe into air pressure and boiling point and close air extraction in vacuum system, and the air pressure of probing in air pressure and boiling point pass vacuum system 41 is reduced, its internal vacuum will show on vacuum meter 36, when vacuum tightness reaches certain value, vacuum pump switch 30 is closed, now probe into air pressure and boiling point and close vacuum system 41 inside and will become sealing system, vacuum keep is constant.Open digital display thermometer switch 29, now electrothermal wire power 47 is connected, heating testing liquid, observes digital display thermometer 38 registrations and increases, and when the testing liquid in heating container 2 seethes with excitement, observes digital display thermometer registration and remains unchanged.The slowly air intake opening 25 of opening operation platform rear side, changes the air pressure of probing in air pressure and boiling point pass vacuum system 41, records the boiling point of liquid under different air pressure, analyzes data, obtains the relation of boiling point of liquid and air pressure.
Finally explanation is, above embodiment is only unrestricted in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described, although by with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, invention has been described, but those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, can to it, make various changes in the form and details, and not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention that appended claims limits.
Claims (6)
1. probe into gas discharge phenomenon and the air pressure comprehensive demonstration instrument on boiling point of liquid impact, comprise operator's console (1), be located at the vacuum pump (22) in operator's console, baro-vacuum gauge (36), DC high-voltage power supply (43), parallel-plate power supply (44), solenoid power supply (45) and electrothermal wire power (47), be located at two vacuum tanks (6) above operator's console, it is characterized in that: in a described vacuum tank (6), be provided with and probe into air pressure and boiling point is related to vacuum system (41), in described another vacuum tank (6), be provided with gas discharge vacuum system (42), described DC high-voltage power supply is located in the DC high-voltage source region (18) in operator's console.
2. gas discharge phenomenon and the comprehensive demonstration instrument of air pressure on boiling point of liquid impact probed into according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described in probe into air pressure and boiling point is related to that vacuum system (41) comprises heating container (2), be located at the heating wire (14) of heating container bottom, be located at the heat sensitive sensor (15) on heating container inwall, tip upside down on the condenser of heating container outside, in the bottom of condenser, be provided with freeing port (13), on the top of condenser, be provided with water filling port (16) and air hole (5), described air hole is through condenser inwall (3) and condenser outer walls (4), make inside and the exterior of condenser, thereby make heating container internal liquid top air pressure equal to probe into air pressure and boiling point is related to the air pressure in vacuum system, described heating wire (14) is connected with the electrothermal wire power (47) who is located in operator's console.
3. gas discharge phenomenon and the comprehensive demonstration instrument of air pressure on boiling point of liquid impact probed into according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described gas discharge vacuum system (42) comprises two horizontally disposed spheric electrodes (7), spheric electrode by copper rod be fixed on operator's console above, another spheric electrode is fixed on a slide block by copper rod, this slide block coordinates with the chute (19) above being located at operator's console, and this slide block can slide and change die opening in chute; Two spheric electrodes are connected with the both positive and negative polarity that is located at the DC high-voltage power supply (43) in operator's console respectively; Also comprise two parallel electrode plates (8) that are located at respectively two upper and lower both sides of spheric electrode, a parallel electrode plate below supports by the metal support (10) being connected on operator's console, a parallel electrode plate above supports by the insulating support (17) being connected on operator's console, below a superincumbent parallel electrode plate with a parallel electrode plate below be respectively equipped with the solenoid that a structure is identical (9) above, two solenoidal mouths of pipe are relatively and keep certain distance; Two parallel electrode plates are connected with the both positive and negative polarity that is located at the parallel-plate power supply (44) in operator's console respectively, and two solenoids are connected with the both positive and negative polarity that is located at the solenoid power supply (45) in operator's console respectively.
4. gas discharge phenomenon and the comprehensive demonstration instrument of air pressure on boiling point of liquid impact probed into according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: on the leading flank of described operator's console (1), be provided with solenoid power switch (27), parallel electrode plate power switch (28), digital display thermometer switch (29), vacuum pump switch (30), DC high-voltage source switch (31), total power switch (32), DC high-voltage power supply adjusting knob (33), digital voltmeter (34), fuel level gauge (35), vacuum meter (36), valve (37), digital display thermometer (38), parallel electrode plate power adjustment knob (39) and solenoid power adjustment knob (40), described digital voltmeter (34) is connected in parallel between described two spheric electrodes (7), described vacuum meter (36) by rubber tube respectively with probe into air pressure and be related to that with boiling point vacuum system (41) and gas discharge vacuum system (42) are connected, for measuring the vacuum tightness in this two vacuum system, described valve (37) is for controlling three-way pipeline push/pull state, and described digital display thermometer (38) is electrically connected with described heat sensitive sensor (15),
On the trailing flank of described operator's console (1), be provided with power supply slot (23), water source interface (24), two air intake openings (25), electric fan (26) and water delivering orifice (46), described water source interface is connected and communicates with the water filling port (16) of described condenser by flexible pipe, and described water delivering orifice is connected and communicates with the freeing port (13) of described condenser by flexible pipe; Described two air intake openings are connected with described vacuum pump (22) by conduit respectively;
On described operator's console (1), be also provided with vacuum pump venthole (11), vacuum pump lubrication hole (12) and two vacuum pump aspirating holes (21), vacuum pump aspirating hole is located at probes into air pressure and boiling point is related in vacuum system (41), and another vacuum pump aspirating hole is located in described gas discharge vacuum system (42); Described two vacuum pump aspirating holes (21) are connected and are communicated by the flexible pipe vacuum pump (22) interior with establishing operator's console (1), described vacuum pump by three-way pipeline respectively with probe into the vacuum pump aspirating hole 21 of air pressure in being related to vacuum system and gas discharge vacuum system with boiling point and be connected, by controlling valve (37) in three-way pipeline, select the vacuum system of vacuum pump effect.
5. gas discharge phenomenon and the comprehensive demonstration instrument of air pressure on boiling point of liquid impact probed into according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described two vacuum tanks (6) are transparent glass container, all sealing be fixed on operator's console (1) above, under vacuum container cover, be lined with rubber sealing ring.
6. gas discharge phenomenon and the comprehensive demonstration instrument of air pressure on boiling point of liquid impact probed into according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: described parallel-plate power supply (44) and solenoid power supply (45) are DC low voltage power supply.
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