CN103728693B - A kind of array of photoswitch chip based on digital optical phase conjugation principle - Google Patents
A kind of array of photoswitch chip based on digital optical phase conjugation principle Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of array of photoswitch chip based on digital optical phase conjugation principle, it adopts multimode interference and digital optical phase conjugation reverberator composition 1 × (M1-2) × K1 tri-grades of photoswitch subsystems, longitudinally 1 × M × K1 secondary light switch subsystem is composed in series again by q 1 × (M1-2) × K1 tri-grades of subsystems, laterally 1 × M × K one-level photoswitch subsystem is composed in series further by p 1 × M × K1 secondary light switch subsystem and p-1 connector, N number of 1 × M × K one-level photoswitch the subsystem being finally connected to N root input waveguide shares M root output optical waveguide, compose in parallel a N × M × K array of photoswitch, this array of photoswitch utilizes digital optical phase conjugation principle, clog-free light exchange can be carried out to K different wave length, the light being specially adapted to optical communication network node exchanges, light is cross interconnected, also can be used between chip and the optical interconnection of optical computer inside.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to optical communication and light integrated technology field, relate more specifically to a kind of array of photoswitch chip based on digital optical phase conjugation principle, the light being specially adapted to optical communication network node exchanges, light is cross interconnected, also can be used between chip and the optical interconnection of optical computer inside.
Background technology
Along with the foundation of fiber shaft communication network and the development of Optical Amplification Technology and dense wave division multipurpose (DWDM) technology, the bottleneck of restriction optical communication network speed and capacity, from the information transmission between network node, transfers to the message exchange of network node.At present, the message exchange of network node still needs to complete in electrical domain.First input optical signal needs to convert electric signal to, then enters electronic switching system (ESS); After electrical domain exchanges, then convert output optical signal to.Signal, from source to destination, often needs, through a lot of network nodes, will stop over a lot of time at the photoelectricity-electro-optic conversion of each network node, and obviously direct than light signal to be transferred to destination with the light velocity from source much slow.Ensure the direct light velocity transmission of light signal from source to destination, area of light must be realized at network node and directly exchange.
Directly carry out exchange in area of light to need to adopt light to open the light.There is the photoswitch of many types at present, as mechanical registeration formula photoswitch, liquid crystal optical switch, space grating photoswitch, light integrated optical switch etc.In these photoswitches, some finite rate, can only reach a millisecond magnitude, as mechanical registeration formula photoswitch, liquid crystal optical switch etc.Some needs takies larger three dimensions, and accurately aims at, and assembling is complicated, is not suitable for large-scale integrated, as space grating photoswitch etc.In light integrated optical switch, people are often by directional coupler, Mach-Zender interferometer is made into 2 × 2 photoswitches, then a large amount of 2 × 2 photoswitch combinations are used to become large-scale array of photoswitch, this array of photoswitch often has blocking effect, and 2 × 2 need to adopt bent lightguide to connect between photoswitch and cause entire system size to increase, array of photoswitch does not have wavelength selectivity in addition, each array of photoswitch only allows that a kind of wavelength works simultaneously, Wave decomposing multiplexer and wavelength division multiplexer must be equipped with respectively before and after array of photoswitch, make overall system architecture complicated.Resonant ring interferometer photoswitch has wavelength selectivity, but resonant ring interferometer photoswitch is responsive especially to mismachining tolerance, the subtle change of resonant ring radius will cause resonant condition lost efficacy or departed from, and a resonant ring interferometer is only for a wavelength, build large-scale array of photoswitch and need a large amount of resonant ring interferometer, cause system architecture very complicated equally.Patent of invention " is suitable for wavelength selective optical switch array and the method thereof of all-optical network ", and (patent No.: ZL03127962.7) proposes a kind of employing and builds array of photoswitch method based on Waveguide array interferometer or wavelength selective optical switch.But the size of the array of photoswitch built is very large, such as, as shown in this description of the invention Fig. 1, if the single length based on Waveguide array interferometer or wavelength selective optical switch is 1 millimeter, there are 64 wavelength in an input waveguide, need to output to 64 different output photoswitches, then to each optical wavelength, the method need 64 grades of longitudinal arrangements and horizontal direction stagger based on Waveguide array interferometer or wavelength selective optical switch, total transversely arranged width reaches 64 millimeters.Reach 64 × 64=4096 millimeter to 64 whole array-width of wavelength, if consider buffer stage, whole array-width also can increase.Obviously so large scale array cannot be integrated on one piece of substrate.Or the array of photoswitch built requires that the passband width of single wavelength selective optical switch is narrow especially, such as, as shown in this description of the invention Fig. 2, because all wavelengths is all propagated in same level optical waveguide, next stage is delivered to from wherein selecting a wavelength, and do not affect other wavelength, after then needing to apply control voltage to each wavelength selective optical switch, its centre wavelength only changes a little, and just original operation wavelength is ended completely after changing this point point, this requires that the passband width of each wavelength selective optical switch is narrow especially, be at least the 1/16 even narrower of adjacent two wavelength interval width.Constructing so narrow wavelength selective optical switch can cause its length to increase a lot of times, and manufacture difficulty increases.And in practice, can not end completely original operation wavelength after applying control voltage, crosstalk will be caused significantly to increase.
Patent of invention " active optical phase conjugating method and the device " (patent No.: 200610124657.4) propose a kind of utilization and do not rely on nonlinear optical medium, realized the method for optical phase conjugation by Digital Control, input light wave is decomposed into the basic mode in a series of monomode optical waveguide by it, then in every root monomode optical waveguide, reconstruct the conjugation light wave of above-mentioned basic mode, due to reversibility of optical path principle, the reverse propagation of these light waves, thus reconstruction recovers original input light wave.In the assigned address reconstructed wave photoswitch object that will reach just, so adopt numeral (more appropriate with " numeral " replacement " initiatively " word) optical phase conjugation method, photoswitch can be built.Foregoing invention gives some photoswitch design examples, but these designs are only suitable for small optical switch, the present invention is the extension of above-mentioned patent, emphasis solves how to adopt and is combined into large-scale array of photoswitch based on the small optical switch of digital optical phase conjugation principle in a large number, and size is relatively little, whole large-scale array of photoswitch can be produced on monolithic optical integrated chip (SystemOnChip, SOP).Improve the performance of single small optical switch simultaneously, make that its polarization sensitivity is low, fabrication tolerance is large, work strip is roomy.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of based on digital optical phase conjugation principle, there is the large-scale array of photoswitch integrated chip that wavelength selectivity, size are relatively little, polarization sensitivity is low, fabrication tolerance is large, work strip is roomy.
To achieve these goals, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
Based on an array of photoswitch chip for digital optical phase conjugation principle, comprising:
M root output optical waveguide (O
1-M), M is more than or equal to 2;
N root input waveguide (I
1-N), N is more than or equal to 1, and every root input waveguide receives K different wave length light signal (λ
1-λ
k), K is more than or equal to 1, and is connected to a 1 × M × K one-level photoswitch subsystem, and this 1 × M × K one-level photoswitch subsystem is by K different wave length light signal (λ
1-λ
k) deliver to M root output optical waveguide (O respectively according to its intended destination
1-M); N number of 1 × M × K one-level photoswitch subsystem shares M root output optical waveguide (O
1-M), form a N × M × K array of photoswitch;
Described 1 × M × K one-level photoswitch subsystem is laterally composed in series by p 1 × M × K1 secondary light switch subsystem and p-1 connector, p is more than or equal to 1, each 1 × M × K1 secondary light switch subsystem only processes K1 different wave length in K wavelength respectively, K1 is more than or equal to 1, adjacent two 1 × M × K1 secondary light switch subsystem by a connector string knot together, described connector is multimode interference or Y type knot hub, and this connector is collected still untreated wavelength signals and given follow-up 1 × M × K1 secondary light switch subsystem and processes;
Described 1 × M × K1 secondary light switch subsystem is longitudinally composed in series by q 1 × (M1-2) × K1 tri-grades of subsystems, q is more than or equal to 1, each 1 × (M1-2) × K1 tri-grades of photoswitch subsystems only process a same K1 different wave length respectively, and deliver in the M1-2 root output optical waveguide in M root output optical waveguide respectively according to its intended destination, M1 is more than or equal to 4, adjacent two 1 × (M1-2) × K1 tri-grades of photoswitch subsystem left and right arranged opposite, last root of upper one 1 × (M1-2) × K1 tri-grades of photoswitch subsystems exports first input monomode optical waveguide that monomode optical waveguide is connected to next 1 × (M1-2) × K1 tri-grades of photoswitch subsystems,
Described 1 × (M1-2) × K1 tri-grades of photoswitch subsystems comprise M1 × B1 multimode interference and K1 × B1 digital optical phase conjugation reverberator, B1 is more than or equal to 2, M1 × B1 multimode interference side connects the monomode optical waveguide of M1 root, wherein first monomode optical waveguide is as input monomode optical waveguide, and all the other M1-1 root monomode optical waveguides are as output monomode optical waveguide; The opposite side of M1 × B1 multimode interference connects the monomode optical waveguide of B1 root, wherein every root monomode optical waveguide is manufactured with K1 digital optical phase conjugation reverberator, each digital optical phase conjugation reverberator processes a wavelength signals in K1 wavelength, according to its intended destination, the output optical waveguide by digital optical phase conjugation reflection this wavelength signals delivered in M1-2 root output optical waveguide;
Described digital optical phase conjugation reverberator comprises the phase modulator be connected in series successively, a distributed Bragg grating and a complementary phase modulator, wherein phase modulator is nearest from M1 × B1 multimode interference, and complementary phase modulator from M1 × B1 multimode interference farthest; Distributed Bragg grating reflects a wavelength signals in K1 wavelength signals, phase modulator carries out position to the lightwave signal before and after reflection and regulates mutually, make it meet optical phase conjugation relation, thus the wavelength signals after reflection to be delivered to an output optical waveguide in M1-2 root output optical waveguide according to its intended destination; Carry out position by complementary phase modulator to the wavelength signals through distributed Bragg grating to regulate mutually simultaneously, and ensure that the position phase regulated quantity sum that position phase regulated quantity that complementary phase modulator makes and phase modulator are made is constant, make the lightwave signal through distributed Bragg grating experience constant phase change.
According to order from small to large, wavelength is numbered, from first 1 × M × K1 secondary light switch subsystem, be that the wavelength of odd number distributes to each 1 × M × K1 secondary light switch subsystem successively by sequence number, each 1 × M × K1 secondary light switch subsystem for distribute K1 the Wavelength design digital optical phase conjugation reverberator obtained; After all sequence numbers are the Wavelength Assignment of odd number, according to order from small to large, numbering is re-started to unappropriated wavelength, be that the wavelength of odd number distributes to follow-up 1 × M × K1 secondary light switch subsystem successively by sequence number, each 1 × M × K1 secondary light switch subsystem for distribute K1 the Wavelength design digital optical phase conjugation reverberator obtained; Circulate according to above-mentioned rule, until unappropriated wavelength number is less than or equal to K1, stop cycle assignment; Remaining Wavelength Assignment is given p 1 × M × K1 secondary light switch subsystem, p 1 × M × K1 secondary light switch subsystem for distribute the Wavelength design digital optical phase conjugation obtained reverberator.
Connector is a multimode interference or Y type knot hub, comprise one and export monomode optical waveguide and B1 root input monomode optical waveguide, every root input monomode optical waveguide is provided with a phase modulator, wherein export monomode optical waveguide and be connected to rear stage 1 × M × K1 secondary light switch subsystem, as its input, and B1 root input monomode optical waveguide is connected respectively to the B1 root monomode optical waveguide of M1 × B1 multimode interference of first 1 × (M1-2) × K1, tri-grades of photoswitch subsystems of previous stage 1 × M × K1 secondary light switch subsystem, control the phase modulator in every root input monomode optical waveguide, all light waves are arrived and exports monomode optical waveguide, and realize the output of maximum light signal.
In adjacent two 1 × (M1-2) × K1 tri-grades of photoswitch subsystems, K1 digital optical phase conjugation reverberator in the B1 root monomode optical waveguide of M1 × B1 multimode interference is contrary according to its distance from M1 × B1 multimode interference transversely arranged order from the near to the remote.
In all p 1 × M × K1 secondary light switch subsystem of each 1 × M × K one-level photoswitch subsystem, the output monomode optical waveguide that the output destination of M1 × B1 multimode interference of all 1 × (M1-2) × K1 tri-grades of photoswitch subsystems is identical is coupling-connected to the monomode optical waveguide of same level main line by a Y type knot, the monomode optical waveguide of all Y type binding level main lines is produced in the optical waveguide plane adjacent with M1 × B1 multimode interference place optical waveguide plane, an output monomode optical waveguide of M1 × B1 multimode interference is coupled in the branch of each Y type knot by directional coupler, the closure of the branch selecting each Y type to tie and above-mentioned horizontal main line monomode optical waveguide, make the light direction of wave travel entering the monomode optical waveguide of same level main line from the branch of Y type knot consistent with the transmission direction of other light waves this horizontal main line monomode optical waveguide.
All horizontal main line monomode optical waveguides adopt optical gain material to make, pump light (λ
p) along the input level main line monomode optical waveguide of the flashlight direction of propagation.
In p 1 × M × K1 secondary light switch subsystem of each 1 × M × K one-level photoswitch subsystem, a serial connection semiconductor optical amplifier in first input monomode optical waveguide of M1 × B1 multimode interference of all 1 × (M1-2) × K1 tri-grades of photoswitch subsystems.
In all N number of 1 × M × K one-level photoswitch subsystem, the horizontal main line monomode optical waveguide exporting destination identical is connected to same output output optical waveguide (O by an external fiber or an exterior light amplifier
1-M).
The phase modulator of all digital optical phase conjugation reverberators and the control electrode of complementary phase modulator are divided into r cross-talk electrode, in r cross-talk electrode, the length of each cross-talk electrode is two times of length of sub-electrode the last period, each cross-talk electrode is connected to a constant voltage source by a switching transistor, makes a phase degree of regulation reach 1/2
r;
Switching transistor and driving circuit thereof make on the semiconductor substrate, and fit together with phase modulator place optical waveguide plane.
The large-scale array of photoswitch integrated chip that the present invention proposes adopts digital optical phase conjugation principle.Optical wavefront shape is identical and two light waves that direction is contrary, its complex amplitude is conjugate relation, such as, along the plane wave of z-axis forward-propagating, its complex amplitude is exp (-ikz), and along the plane wave that z-axis negative sense is propagated, its complex amplitude is exp (ikz), both are just in time in conjugate relation.In other words, former road returns by the conjugation light wave of a light wave, and optical phase conjugation embodies the reversibility of light path.But to a complicated light wave, be difficult to directly reconstruct its conjugation light wave.Patent of invention " active optical phase conjugating method and the device " (patent No.: core concept 200610124657.4) adopts special adiabatic optical waveguide structure that input light wave is decomposed into a series of simple basic mode, and the conjugation light wave of these simple basic modes can be rebuild by artificial digital control scheme, once these simple conjugation light waves reconstruct, due to reversibility of optical path principle, their reverse propagation, can rebuild and recover original input light wave.This ability at assigned address reconstructed wave is utilized to build photoswitch.Foregoing invention, see this description of the invention Fig. 7, illustrates and how to utilize star-type coupler, multiple X knot and overlapping directional coupler to decompose input light wave.In order to improve the performance of single photoswitch further, the present invention will adopt multimode interference (MMI) to decompose input light wave.Adopt multimode interference at least can bring following four aspect benefits: the first, multimode interference allows relatively large foozle; The second, multimode interference has relatively large bandwidth of operation; 3rd, multimode interference is to polarization insensitive; 4th, multimode interference can carry out equal strength decomposition to input light wave, and realizing photoswitch so only needs to carry out position and regulate mutually, does not need amplitude to regulate, thus can simplify device architecture.
Simply introduce digital optical phase conjugation principle below, provide complex amplitude regulated quantity computing formula in photoswitch process.Suppose that a multimode interference has the monomode optical waveguide of M1 root on the left of it, there is the monomode optical waveguide of B1 root on right side, right side B1 root monomode optical waveguide is manufactured with a digital optical phase conjugation reverberator for each operation wavelength, and each digital optical phase conjugation reverberator is composed in series successively by a phase modulator, a distributed Bragg grating and a complementary phase modulator.The light wave fields column vector of the multimode interference left and right sides is expressed as E
left=[a
1, a
2... a
m1]
tand E
right=[b
1, b
2..., b
b1]
t, wherein a
iand b
jbe respectively the basic mode expansion coefficient of multimode interference left and right sides monomode optical waveguide.According to pattern matching theory, the light wave fields E on right side
rightthe light wave fields E in left side can be used
leftbe expressed as,
E
right=TE
left(1) T is the transmission matrix of light wave multimode interference when inputting from left side in equation (1), and it is B1 × M1 matrix, can be written as,
The element of transmission matrix T
when the basic mode representing unit strength inputs from left side jth root monomode optical waveguide, the complex amplitude coefficient of the basic mode excited in the monomode optical waveguide of i-th, right side.
The light wave fields E in same left side
leftthe light wave fields E on right side can be used
rightbe expressed as,
E
left=T'E
right(
3) T' is the transposed matrix of T in equation (3).
If by digital optical phase conjugation reverberator the light wave E arriving right side from left side input
rightget conjugation, and reflect left, then the light wave arriving left side after reflection can be written as according to equation (3),
Equation (1) is substituted into equation (4) have,
If only relate to guided mode in multimode interference, and reflect negligible,
a unit matrix, so,
The light wave fields that equation (6) shows again to arrive left side is the conjugation of original input light wave fields, and namely intensity is identical, and just direction is contrary.
When carrying out photoswitch operation, suppose that unit strength light signal is from left side jth root monomode optical waveguide input, i.e. E
left-j=[a
1=0, a
2=0 ..., a
j=1 ..., a
m1=0]
t.The light wave fields on right side can be obtained according to equation (1), have after conjugation being got to this light wave by digital optical phase conjugation reverberator,
Due to reversibility of optical path principle, this conjugation light wave can come back to left side jth root monomode optical waveguide.
Similarly, the i-th monomode optical waveguide input from left side of unit strength light signal is supposed, i.e. E
left-i=[a
1=0, a
2=0 ..., a
i=1 ..., a
m1=0]
t.The light wave on right side can be obtained according to equation (1), have after conjugation being got to this light wave fields by digital optical phase conjugation reverberator,
Same due to reversibility of optical path principle, this conjugation light wave can come back to i-th monomode optical waveguide in left side.
If realize photoswitch, make after phase conjugate reflection, to get back to left side jth root monomode optical waveguide from the light wave of the i-th monomode optical waveguide input in left side, only need to add a complex amplitude regulated quantity on equation (8) the right, make it equal equation (7), that is,
Complex amplitude regulated quantity when wherein carrying out photoswitch operation is,
By the light wave reflection of first monomode optical waveguide input from left side to any monomode optical waveguide in the M1-1 root monomode optical waveguide of left side, a small optical switch can be formed according to above principle.By the restriction of device size and crosstalk, the treatable optical wavelength number of input and output optical waveguide number and institute of this small optical switch all can not be very large.First the height of multimode interference is linear increase with the optical waveguide number of its both sides, and its width is in square to increase.Therefore, when input and output optical waveguide number is very large, overall device width can be caused sharply to increase.Secondly, actual Bragg grating can not reach perfect condition, namely reflects operation wavelength 100%, and to inoperative wavelength 100% transmission.Therefore when wavelength number is very large, if for the Bragg grating of a certain wavelength away from multimode interference, this wavelength can be subject to the reflection of the Bragg grating closer to multimode interference, although the reflection that single Bragg grating causes is very little, but because the number being arranged in the Bragg grating before it is very large, cumulative loss can reach a very large value.If what each Bragg grating produced is reflected into 2%, then pass the light wave intensity after 64 Bragg gratings less than original 1/3.This unexpected reflection, owing to not meeting optical phase conjugation relation, can enter non-designated output optical waveguide, form serious crosstalk.
In order to make large-scale clog-free N × M × K array of photoswitch, wherein N, M and K are respectively optical wavelength number in input waveguide number, output optical waveguide number and I/O optical waveguide, overcome the restriction of device size and crosstalk simultaneously, first the present invention is divided into N number of 1 × M × K one-level photoswitch subsystem whole N × M × K array of photoswitch, and each one-level photoswitch subsystem only processes the light wave from an input waveguide; Further, each 1 × M × K one-level photoswitch subsystem is divided into p 1 × M × K1 secondary light switch subsystem, and each secondary light switch subsystem only processes K1 wavelength in K wavelength, mutually goes here and there knot between secondary light switch subsystem, in transversely arranged; Further again, each secondary light switch 1 × M × K1 is divided into q 1 × (M1-2) × K1, tri-grades of subsystems, between three grades of subsystems, mutually goes here and there knot, in longitudinal arrangement; Finally, adopt double-deck optical waveguide, be coupled by directional coupler, all from different sub-systems but the identical light wave in destination is pooled to same output optical waveguide.In above-mentioned framework, each 1 × (M1-2) × K1 tri-grades of subsystems adopt a small-sized photoswitch based on digital optical phase conjugation principle, and now because optical waveguide number M1 and wavelength number K1 is very little, device size and crosstalk are controlled very well.
Compared with prior art, the patent of invention be particularly ZL03127962.7 with patent being 200610124657.4 with the patent No. is compared and is had the following advantages and effect in the present invention:
The first, improve the performance of single small optical switch, such that polarization sensitivity is low, fabrication tolerance is large, work strip is roomy.Second, position phase is changed by applying control voltage, utilize digital optical phase conjugation principle to realize output channel to select, instead of change the center operating wavelength of photoswitch, the passband width reduced each Wavelength-selective optial opens the light requires and device manufacture difficulty, correspondingly reduce device size, reduce crosstalk simultaneously; 3rd, reduce the size of whole array, integrated on monolithic chip of large-scale array of photoswitch can be realized.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of single 1 × (M1-2) × K1 of the present invention tri-grades of photoswitch subsystems.
Fig. 2 is the layout structure schematic diagram of single 1 × M of the present invention × K1 secondary light switch subsystem.
Fig. 3 is the layout structure schematic diagram of single 1 × M of the present invention × K one-level photoswitch subsystem.
Structural representation when Fig. 4 is connector employing Y type knot hub.
Fig. 5 is the layout structure schematic diagram of whole N × M of the present invention × K array of photoswitch.
Fig. 6 is that the present invention realizes the principle schematic of light wave coupling between two-layer optical waveguide by directional coupler.
Layout structure schematic diagram when Fig. 7 is N × M of the present invention × K array of photoswitch band interior lights amplifier.
Layout structure schematic diagram when Fig. 8 is N × M of the present invention × K array of photoswitch band exterior light amplifier.
Fig. 9 is the non-isometric control electrode structural representation of scale-of-two of the present invention.
Figure 10 is the structural representation that the present invention adopts photoelectricity hybrid integrated chip.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, according to system scale order from small to large, introduce structure of the present invention and principle of work.
Fig. 1 gives single 1 × (M1-2) × K1 of the present invention structural representation of tri-grades of photoswitch subsystems.One 1 × (M1-2) × K1, tri-grades of photoswitch subsystems 8 are made up of M1 × B1 multimode interference 1 and K1 × B1 digital optical phase conjugation reverberator 2, wherein M1 is more than or equal to 4, K1 is more than or equal to 1, B1 is more than or equal to 2, M1 × B1 multimode interference 1 side connects M1 root monomode optical waveguide 3, wherein first monomode optical waveguide is as input monomode optical waveguide, and all the other M1-1 root monomode optical waveguides are as output monomode optical waveguide; The opposite side of M1 × B1 multimode interference connects B1 root monomode optical waveguide 4, wherein every root monomode optical waveguide 4 is manufactured with K1 digital optical phase conjugation reverberator 2, a wavelength signals in each digital optical phase conjugation reverberator 2 pairs of K1 wavelength processes, according to its intended destination, the output optical waveguide by digital optical phase conjugation reflection this wavelength signals delivered in M1-2 root output optical waveguide.Further each digital optical phase conjugation reverberator 2 is composed in series successively by a phase modulator 5, distributed Bragg grating 6 and a complementary phase modulator 7, wherein phase modulator 5 is nearest from M1 × B1 multimode interference 1, and complementary phase modulator 7 from M1 × B1 multimode interference 1 farthest.A wavelength signals in distributed Bragg grating 6 pairs of K1 wavelength signals reflects, phase modulator 5 carries out position to the lightwave signal before and after reflection and regulates mutually, it is made to meet optical phase conjugation relation, thus the wavelength signals after reflection according to its intended destination, the output optical waveguide delivered in M1-2 root output optical waveguide; Carry out position by complementary phase modulator 7 to the wavelength signals through distributed Bragg grating 6 to regulate mutually simultaneously, and ensure that the position phase regulated quantity sum that position phase regulated quantity that complementary phase modulator 7 makes and phase modulator 5 are made is constant, make the lightwave signal through distributed Bragg grating 6 experience constant phase change.
Suppose that the length of phase modulator 5 is L, it adopts has the making of photoelectric material, produces variations in refractive index, or on the semiconductor substrate, changes carrier concentration by electric current, produce variations in refractive index, realize position and regulate mutually by voltage.If the light wave of i-th monomode optical waveguide input from left side will be exchanged to left side jth root monomode optical waveguide, in the kth root monomode optical waveguide of right side, due to refractive index change delta n
kthe phase change caused should meet equation (10), namely
To M1 × B1 multimode interference, if M1=B1, in (11) formula
can calculate according to following formula,
(12) in formula, i=1,2 ... M1 is the sequence number counting left side optical waveguide from the bottom up, k=1,2 ..., B1 is the sequence number counting right side optical waveguide from top to bottom.
Due to for m wavelength X
mthe refractive index change delta n produced
kthe position of other wavelength can be caused equally to change mutually, and different according to the phase change amount in the every one optical waveguide of equation (11), like this to m wavelength X
mswitching manipulation will affect the normal work of other wavelength.In order to avoid this situation, as shown in Figure 1, after each distributed Bragg grating 6, a complementary phase modulator 7 is also provided with.All wavelengths through phase modulator 5 all can produce certain phase change, these wavelength are through after distributed Bragg grating 6, again by complementary phase modulator 7, produce again certain phase change, if control the refractive index variable quantity Δ cn of complementary phase modulator 7
k, make twice phase change sum in succession be constant, namely
Lightwave signal then through distributed Bragg grating 6 experiences constant phase change, is only equivalent to have propagated stretch journey, like this to m wavelength X more
mswitching manipulation can not affect the normal work of other wavelength, thus ensure that the independent switch operation of all wavelengths.
Fig. 2 gives the layout structure of single 1 × M of the present invention × K1 secondary subsystem.Be first 1 × M × K1 secondary light switch subsystem in Fig. 2, it has an input waveguide I
1with M root output optical waveguide O
1-M, M is more than or equal to 2, this 1 × M × K1 secondary light switch subsystem 9 is longitudinally composed in series by q 1 × (M1-2) × K1 tri-grades of subsystems 8, q is more than or equal to 1, each 1 × (M1-2) × K1 tri-grades of photoswitch subsystems 8 only process a same K1 different wave length respectively, and (other wavelength are through this secondary subsystem, by succeeding level-two subsystem processes, do not mark in figure), deliver in the M1-2 root output optical waveguide in M root output optical waveguide respectively according to its intended destination simultaneously, adjacent two 1 × (M1-2) × K1 tri-grades of photoswitch subsystem about 8 arranged opposite, last root going up one 1 × (M1-2) × K1, tri-grades of photoswitch subsystems 8 like this exports first input monomode optical waveguide that monomode optical waveguide can be advantageously connected to next 1 × (M1-2) × K1 tri-grades of photoswitch subsystems 8.To afterbody 1 × (M1-2) × K1 tri-grades of photoswitch subsystems, its last root exports monomode optical waveguide can temporarily be retained as other purposes.Q the accumulative total M root output optical waveguide O of 1 × (M1-2) × K1, tri-grades of subsystems
1-M.Under special circumstances, such as, in order to layout is convenient, the output optical waveguide number of each three grades of photoswitch subsystems can be different.
Fig. 3 gives the layout structure of single 1 × M of the present invention × K one-level subsystem.It is first 1 × M × K one-level photoswitch subsystem 13 in Fig. 3, it is laterally composed in series by p 1 × M × K1 secondary light switch subsystem 9 and p-1 connector 10, wherein p is more than or equal to 1, each 1 × M × K1 secondary light switch subsystem 9 only processes K1 different wave length in K wavelength respectively, and adjacent two 1 × M × K1 secondary light switch subsystem 9 goes here and there knot together by a connector 10.Connector 10 can adopt multimode interference 11 or Y type knot hub 14, and this connector 10 is collected still untreated wavelength signals and given follow-up 1 × M × K1 secondary light switch subsystem 9 and processes, each connector 10 has one to export monomode optical waveguide and B1 root input monomode optical waveguide, every root input monomode optical waveguide is manufactured with a phase modulator 12, wherein export monomode optical waveguide and be connected to rear stage 1 × M × K1 secondary light switch subsystem 9, as its input, and B1 root input monomode optical waveguide is connected respectively to the B1 root monomode optical waveguide of M1 × B1 multimode interference 1 of first 1 × (M1-2) × K1, tri-grades of photoswitch subsystems 8 of previous stage 1 × M × K1 secondary light switch subsystem 9, control the phase modulator 12 in every root input monomode optical waveguide, all light waves are arrived and exports monomode optical waveguide, and realize the output of maximum light signal.
In Fig. 3, connector 10 is a multimode interference 11, every root input waveguide of connector 10 is manufactured with a phase modulator 12, for compensating the position phase mismatch because a variety of causes such as foozle cause, thus ensure that all light waves of input on the left of multimode interference 11 all have correct position phase, first that can arrive the top on the right side of multimode interference 11 exports monomode optical waveguide, realizes maximum light signal and exports, avoid lightwave signal to lose.In Fig. 4, connector 10 adopts Y type to tie hub 14, every root input waveguide of same connector 10 is manufactured with a phase modulator 12, for compensating the position phase mismatch because a variety of causes such as foozle cause, thus ensure to arrive the light wave coordination phase exporting monomode optical waveguide, long superposition mutually, realizes maximum luminous energy and exports mutually.
Fig. 5 gives the layout structure of whole N × M of the present invention × K array of photoswitch.It comprises M root output optical waveguide O
1-M, N root input waveguide I
1-M, wherein N is more than or equal to 1, and every root input waveguide receives K different wave length light signal λ
1-λ
k, and be connected to a 1 × M × K one-level photoswitch subsystem 13, this 1 × M × K one-level photoswitch subsystem 13 by K different wave length light signal λ
1-λ
km root output optical waveguide O is delivered to respectively according to its intended destination
1-M; N number of 1 × M × K one-level photoswitch subsystem 13 shares M root output optical waveguide O
1-M, form a N × M × K array of photoswitch.In all p 1 × M × K1 secondary light switch subsystem 9 of each 1 × M × K one-level photoswitch subsystem 13, the output monomode optical waveguide that the output destination of M1 × B1 multimode interference 1 of all 1 × (M1-2) × K1 tri-grades of subsystems 8 is identical is coupling-connected in same level main line monomode optical waveguide 16, Fig. 5 the Y type knot 17 only having marked and be positioned at the upper left corner by a Y type knot 17.In order to avoid optical waveguide is intersected mutually, adopt upper and lower two-layer optical waveguide structure, in Fig. 5, solid line represents the optical waveguide being arranged in upper strata, and dotted line represents the optical waveguide being arranged in lower floor.As shown in Fig. 5 small arrow, in first each 1 × M × K one-level subsystem 13, the identical light wave in destination is directed on the left of chip or right side by the main line monomode optical waveguide 16 that upper strata is horizontal; That be directed to left side and right side further, to be coupled to homeotropic alignment in lower floor respectively according to its destination from the light wave of difference 1 × M × K one-level photoswitch subsystem 13 output optical waveguide O
1-M.
Fig. 6 schematically illustrates two-layer optical waveguide and directional coupler 22 structure, and two optical waveguide planes 18 and 19 are made up of central core 20 and both sides covering 21 respectively.All Y type knots 17 and horizontal main line monomode optical waveguide 16 are produced in the optical waveguide plane 19 adjacent with M1 × B1 multimode interference 1 place optical waveguide plane 18; As shown in Figure 6, optical waveguide in optical waveguide plane 18 and 19 is overlapped in centre, form a directional coupler 22, like this as shown in figure small arrow, the light wave propagated in optical waveguide plane 18 can be coupled into optical waveguide plane 19 by directional coupler 22.An output monomode optical waveguide of M1 × B1 multimode interference 1 is coupled in the branch of each Y type knot 17 by directional coupler 22 in Figure 5, in order to ensure one-way transmission, each Y type is selected to tie the branch of 17 and the closure of above-mentioned horizontal main line monomode optical waveguide 16, make the light direction of wave travel entering same level main line monomode optical waveguide 16 from the branch of Y type knot 17 consistent with the transmission direction of other light waves this horizontal main line monomode optical waveguide 16, as Fig. 5 small arrow so, and horizontal main line monomode optical waveguide 16 is not overlapping with the output monomode optical waveguide of M1 × B1 multimode interference, mutually isolated, the light wave in horizontal main line monomode optical waveguide 16 can be avoided like this to be coupled into M1 × B1 multimode interference.
In sum, q 1 × (M1-2) × K1 tri-grades of subsystems 8 longitudinally compose in series a 1 × M × K1 secondary light switch subsystem 9, further p 1 × M × K1 secondary light switch subsystem 9 laterally composes in series a 1 × M × K one-level photoswitch subsystem 13, more N number of 1 × M × K one-level photoswitch subsystem 13 composes in parallel whole N × M × K array of photoswitch further.If N=1, then whole N × M × K array of photoswitch deteriorates to a 1 × M × K one-level photoswitch subsystem 13; If p=1, then 1 × M × K one-level photoswitch subsystem 13 deteriorates to a 1 × M × K1 secondary light switch subsystem 9; If q=1, then 1 × M × K1 secondary light switch subsystem 9 deteriorates to one 1 × (M1-2) × K1 tri-grades of subsystems 8.1 × (M1-2) × K1, tri-grades of subsystems 8,1 × M × K1 secondary light switch subsystem 9 and 1 × M × K one-level photoswitch subsystem 13 all independently as an array of photoswitch, can cut the array of photoswitch chip that the scale of being encapsulated as is different.
The above-mentioned light based on digital optical phase conjugation opens the light array, mainly adopts straight line optical waveguide, all one-levels, secondary and three grades of photoswitch subsystems or in parallel or series connection close-packed arrays.Adopt this topology layout, can avoid on the one hand blocking, as long as namely output optical waveguide is had time, any wavelength inputted from any input waveguide all can directly output to predetermined output optical waveguide; Device inside bent lightguide number is considerably less on the other hand, and all elements into intimate arrangements, significantly can reduce device size.For a N × M × K=64 × 64 × 64 array of photoswitch, it can be analyzed to 64 1 × 64 × 64 one-level subsystems, further each one-level subsystem can be subdivided into 81 × 64 × 8 secondary subsystems, more each 1 × 64 × 8 secondary subsystems are subdivided into 81 × 8 × 8 three grades subsystems further.And each 1 × 8 × 8 three grade of subsystem comprises 10 × 10 multimode interferences, 10 × 10=100 phase modulator, 100 Bragg gratings and 100 complementary phase modulators.Suppose that the length of each Bragg grating is 1 millimeter, then the width of one 1 × 8 × 8 three grades of subsystems is approximately 10 millimeters, is highly approximately 0.2 millimeter; The width of 1 × 64 × 8 secondary subsystems is approximately 20 millimeters, is highly approximately 1.6 millimeters; The width of one 81 × 64 × 64 one-level subsystems is approximately 160 millimeters, is highly approximately 1.6 millimeters; And the width of whole 64 × 64 × 64 one-level subsystems is approximately 160 millimeters, be highly approximately 102 millimeters.Obviously a such N × M × K=64 × 64 × 64 array of photoswitch can be integrated on one piece of optical integrated chip.
In above-mentioned 64 × 64 × 64 array of photoswitch, suppose that the length of all Bragg gratings is all 1 millimeter.In practice, its length of Bragg grating of same bandwidth also can increase or reduce due to optical waveguide structure parameter difference.When the length of Bragg grating increases, can further increased device overall width.In order to avoid the excessive increase of overall device, suitably can arrange the processing sequence of wavelength, and select according to the interval between wavelength the Bragg grating that bandwidth is comparatively large, length is shorter.Such as according to order from small to large, wavelength can be numbered, from first 1 × M × K1 secondary light switch subsystem 9, by sequence number be the wavelength of odd number distribute to successively each 1 × M × K1 secondary light switch subsystem 9, each 1 × M × K1 secondary light switch subsystem 9 according to distribute K1 the Wavelength design digital optical phase conjugation reverberator 2 obtained; After all sequence numbers are the Wavelength Assignment of odd number, according to order from small to large, numbering is re-started to unappropriated wavelength, by sequence number be the wavelength of odd number distribute to successively follow-up 1 × M × K1 secondary light switch subsystem 9, each 1 × M × K1 secondary light switch subsystem 9 according to distribute K1 the Wavelength design digital optical phase conjugation reverberator 2 obtained; Circulate according to above-mentioned rule, until unappropriated wavelength number is less than or equal to K1, stop cycle assignment; Remaining Wavelength Assignment is given p 1 × M × K1 secondary light switch subsystem 9, the p 1 × M × K1 secondary light switch subsystem 9 for distribute the Wavelength design digital optical phase conjugation reverberator 2 obtained.With wavelength sum K=64, and the wavelength number K1=8 of each 1 × M × K1 secondary light switch subsystem 9 process is example, first by wavelength according to serial number from small to large, then the wavelength being odd number by 32 sequence numbers distributes to the 1st to the 4th the 1 × M × K1 secondary light switch subsystem 9 be arranged in above successively, each 1 × M × K1 secondary light switch subsystem 9 according to distribute 8 the Wavelength design correlated digital optical phase conjugation reverberators 2 obtained, namely for the operation wavelength of these Wavelength design Bragg gratings 6; Renumberd according to order from small to large by unappropriated 32 wavelength further, the interval increasing now between wavelength is twice, because adjacent wavelength is by advanced processing; Be that the Wavelength Assignment of odd number is to follow-up 5th to the 6th 1 × M × K1 secondary light switch subsystem 9 by 16 sequence numbers; Further unappropriated 16 wavelength are renumberd according to order from small to large again, interval now between wavelength increases again and is twice, and is that to process 8 sequence numbers successively to follow-up 7th 1 × M × K1 secondary light switch subsystem 9 be the wavelength of odd number for the Wavelength Assignment of odd number by 8 sequence numbers; Now stop circulation, 8 wavelength that last 8th 1 × M × K1 secondary light switch subsystem 9 process is remaining, the interval now between wavelength again increases and is twice.Along with the interval between wavelength increases, the Bragg grating that bandwidth is larger can be adopted.Bandwidth doubles, and the length of Bragg grating is similar to minimizing one times, so just can reduce the entire length of device.
In above-mentioned 64 × 64 × 64 array of photoswitch, most of light wave all needs to transmit longer distance, particularly from the 1st input waveguide I
1input, wavelength is λ
64light wave, need to be horizontally through whole device for twice back and forth, then longitudinally through whole device, arrive output optical waveguide, its waveguide lengths of passing by is about 2 × 160+102=422 millimeter.And from the 64th input waveguide I
64input, wavelength is λ
1light wave, neither need to be horizontally through whole device, also do not need longitudinally through whole device, several millimeter that only needs to pass by just can arrive the 1st output optical waveguide O
1.If the material that optical waveguide employing absorptivity is below 0.03dB/cm makes, as quartz glass, so the absorption loss of the lightwave signal that transmission range is the longest is also at below 1.3dB, negligible.If optical waveguide adopts the larger material of absorptivity, as silicon chip, when the light wave inputted from different input waveguide arrives output optical waveguide, light signal power can difference very large.In order to compensating signal decay, the strength difference simultaneously as far as possible between erasure signal, can set up the different inside of enlargement ratio or exterior light amplifier.
In 1 × M shown in Fig. 4 × K1 secondary light switch subsystem 9, a serial connection semiconductor optical amplifier 15 in first input monomode optical waveguide of M1 × B1 multimode interference 1 of all 1 × (M1-2) × K1 tri-grades of photoswitch subsystems 8.If in p 1 × M × K1 secondary light switch subsystem 9 of each 1 × M × K one-level photoswitch subsystem 13, first input monomode optical waveguide of M1 × B1 multimode interference 1 of all 1 × (M1-2) × K1 tri-grades of subsystems 8 is all connected in series a semiconductor optical amplifier 15, and from input waveguide more away from, namely the enlargement ratio of image intensifer 15 more rearward of putting in order is larger, then not only can compensating signal decay, also can strength difference to a great extent between erasure signal.
In each 1 × M × K one-level photoswitch subsystem 13 of N × M shown in Fig. 7 × K array of photoswitch, the output monomode optical waveguide that the output destination of M1 × B1 multimode interference 1 of all 1 × (M1-2) × K1 tri-grades of subsystems 8 of all p 1 × M × K1 secondary light switch subsystem 9 is identical is coupling-connected to same level main line monomode optical waveguide 16 by a Y type knot 17, and all horizontal main line monomode optical waveguides 16 adopt optical gain material to make, pump light λ
palong flashlight direction of propagation input level main line monomode optical waveguide 16, see figure small arrow, the light amplification that such travel path light signal far away accepts is stronger, equally can strength difference between compensating signal decay and signal.
Fig. 8 gives N × M × K array of photoswitch structure when adopting external fiber and image intensifer.In all N number of 1 × M × K one-level photoswitch subsystem 13, the horizontal main line monomode optical waveguide 16 exporting destination identical is connected to same output optical waveguide O by an external fiber 23
1-M, form a large-scale N × M × K array of photoswitch, if further all external fibers are all serially connected with an exterior light amplifier, then equally can compensating signal decay.But different wave length signal transmission distance is different, there is certain strength difference.
Although have employed above-mentioned image intensifer, in each 1 × M1 × K1 tri-grades of son 8 systems, from M1 × B1 multimode interference 1 more away from digital optical phase conjugation reverberator 2, the wavelength signals transmission range corresponding to it is far away.In order to avoid the signal intensity difference caused thus, in adjacent two 1 × (M1-2) × K1 tri-grades of photoswitch subsystems 8, K1 digital optical phase conjugation reverberator 2 in the B1 root monomode optical waveguide of M1 × B1 multimode interference 1 is just in time contrary according to its distance from M1 × B1 multimode interference 1 transversely arranged order from the near to the remote.See Fig. 2, in the first order 1 × (M1-2) × K1 tri-grades of photoswitch subsystems 8, along with wavelength sequence number increase, the digital optical phase conjugation reverberator 2 corresponding to each wavelength from M1 × B1 multimode interference 1 distance more away from; In contrast, in the adjacent second level 1 × (M1-2) × K1 tri-grades of photoswitch subsystems 8, along with wavelength sequence number increase, the digital optical phase conjugation reverberator 2 corresponding to each wavelength from M1 × B1 multimode interference 1 distance more close to.Can eliminate thus to a great extent in same 1 × M × K1 secondary light switch subsystem 9, the signal difference that different wave length signal causes due to transmission range difference.
Based on the photoswitch of digital optical phase conjugation, operationally need to apply voltage to photoelectric material, control all phase modulators 5 and carry out position in strict accordance with (11) formula with (13) formula with complementary phase modulator 7 and regulate mutually.Even if to single 1 × (M1-2) × K1 tri-grades of photoswitch subsystems 8, it comprises M1 × B1 multimode interference 1, if K1=8, M1=B1=10, the control electrode number of phase modulator 5 and complementary phase modulator 7 just reaches 2 × B1 × K1=160.Driving circuit will be made very complicated if produce above-mentioned control voltage with 160 high-speed d/a converters.
As shown in Figure 9, the control electrode of the phase modulator 5 of all digital optical phase conjugation reverberators 2 and complementary phase modulator 7 is divided into r cross-talk electrode 24, in r cross-talk electrode 24, the length of each cross-talk electrode is two times of length of sub-electrode the last period, each cross-talk electrode is connected to a constant voltage source by a switching transistor 25, then a phase degree of regulation can be made to reach 1/2
r.In fig .9, r=5, be namely divided into 5 sections non-isometric for each control electrode 24, every segment electrode length increases by 2 times successively, and is connected to 5 volts of fixed voltages by a transistor switch Q, then the position that every segment electrode produces increases by 2 times mutually successively, altogether can produce 2
5the phase change of=32 different brackets, position phase control precision reaches 1/32.If be in like manner divided into 8 sections non-isometric for each control electrode 24, the length of each cross-talk electrode is two times of length of sub-electrode the last period, then phase control precision in position can reach 1/256, although now total electrode number adds 8 times, but each electrode only needs a simple transistor switch, do not need to adopt high-speed d/a converter, greatly can simplify driving circuit while guarantee drives precision and speed.
When photoswitch is small, after adopting the non-isometric multistage electrode of scale-of-two, control electrode number is not also large especially, and such as the control electrode number of single 1 × 8 × 8 photoswitches is 8 × 160=1280, now also can adopt external drive circuit reluctantly.But when photoswitch is larger, control electrode number will become very large.Still for the optical switching system of N × M × K=64 × 64 × 64, first 64 1 × 64 × 64 one-level subsystems are decomposed into, further each one-level subsystem is subdivided into 81 × 64 × 8 secondary subsystems, further each secondary subsystem is subdivided into 81 × 8 × 8 three grades subsystems.If each phase modulator and complementary phase modulator adopt 8 sections of non-isometric electrode drive, then each 1 × 8 × 8 three grade of subsystem needs 8 × 160=1280 position phase control electrode, each 1 × 64 × 8 secondary subsystems need 8 × 1280=10240 position phase control electrode, each 1 × 64 × 64 one-level subsystems need 8 × 10240=81920 electrode, and whole 64 × 64 × 64 array of photoswitch need 64 × 81920=5242880=20 × N × M × K position phase control electrode.Add 8 × 448=3584 control electrode needed for 64 between secondary subsystem × (8-1)=448 connector, whole system needs 5246464 control electrodes and same number of transistor switch.Now, obviously can not adopt external drive circuit, because so many connection pin cannot be provided, photoelectricity hybrid integrated must be adopted.As shown in Figure 10, all crystals pipe switch 25 and associated driver circuitry (as stored and logic processing circuit etc.) thereof are produced on semiconductor chip 27; And all optical waveguide structures, as the multimode interference 1 in Figure 10 and phase modulator 5, be all produced in optical waveguide plane.Semiconductor chip 27 and phase modulator 5 place optical waveguide plane 26 are close together, and so just do not need, by a large amount of pin, control electrode is connected to external drive circuit.
Specific embodiment described herein is only to the explanation for example of the present invention's spirit.Those skilled in the art can make various amendment or supplement or adopt similar mode to substitute to described specific embodiment, but can't depart from spirit of the present invention or surmount the scope that appended claims defines.
Claims (10)
1., based on an array of photoswitch chip for digital optical phase conjugation principle, it is characterized in that, comprising:
M root output optical waveguide (O
1-M), M is more than or equal to 2;
N root input waveguide (I
1-N), N is more than or equal to 1, and every root input waveguide receives K different wave length light signal (λ
1-λ
k), K is more than or equal to 1, and is connected to a 1 × M × K one-level photoswitch subsystem (13), and this 1 × M × K one-level photoswitch subsystem (13) is by K different wave length light signal (λ
1-λ
k) deliver to M root output optical waveguide (O respectively according to its intended destination
1-M); N number of 1 × M × K one-level photoswitch subsystem (13) shares M root output optical waveguide (O
1-M), form a N × M × K array of photoswitch;
Described 1 × M × K one-level photoswitch subsystem (13) is laterally composed in series by p 1 × M × K1 secondary light switch subsystem (9) and p-1 connector (10), p is more than or equal to 1, each 1 × M × K1 secondary light switch subsystem (9) only processes K1 different wave length in K wavelength respectively, K1 is more than or equal to 1, adjacent two 1 × M × K1 secondary light switch subsystem (9) by connector (10) string knot together, described connector (10) is multimode interference (11) or Y type knot hub (14), this connector (10) is collected still untreated wavelength signals and is given follow-up 1 × M × K1 secondary light switch subsystem (9) and processes,
Described 1 × M × K1 secondary light switch subsystem (9) is longitudinally composed in series by q 1 × (M1-2) × K1 tri-grades of subsystems (8), q is more than or equal to 1, each 1 × (M1-2) × K1 tri-grades of photoswitch subsystems (8) only process a same K1 different wave length respectively, and deliver in the M1-2 root output optical waveguide in M root output optical waveguide respectively according to its intended destination, M1 is more than or equal to 4, adjacent two 1 × (M1-2) × K1 tri-grades of photoswitch subsystem (8) left and right arranged opposite, last root of upper one 1 × (M1-2) × K1 tri-grades of photoswitch subsystems (8) exports first input monomode optical waveguide that monomode optical waveguide is connected to next 1 × (M1-2) × K1 tri-grades of photoswitch subsystems (8),
Described 1 × (M1-2) × K1 tri-grades of photoswitch subsystems (8) comprise M1 × B1 multimode interference (1) and K1 × B1 digital optical phase conjugation reverberator (2), B1 is more than or equal to 2, M1 × B1 multimode interference (1) side connects M1 root monomode optical waveguide (3), wherein first monomode optical waveguide is as input monomode optical waveguide, and all the other M1-1 root monomode optical waveguides are as output monomode optical waveguide; The opposite side of M1 × B1 multimode interference connects B1 root monomode optical waveguide (4), wherein every root monomode optical waveguide (4) is manufactured with K1 digital optical phase conjugation reverberator (2), each digital optical phase conjugation reverberator (2) processes a wavelength signals in K1 wavelength, according to its intended destination, the output optical waveguide by digital optical phase conjugation reflection this wavelength signals delivered in M1-2 root output optical waveguide;
Described digital optical phase conjugation reverberator (2) comprises the phase modulator (5) be connected in series successively, a distributed Bragg grating (6) and a complementary phase modulator (7), wherein phase modulator (5) is nearest from M1 × B1 multimode interference (1), and complementary phase modulator (7) from M1 × B1 multimode interference (1) farthest; Distributed Bragg grating (6) reflects a wavelength signals in K1 wavelength signals, phase modulator (5) carries out position to the lightwave signal before and after reflection and regulates mutually, make it meet optical phase conjugation relation, thus the wavelength signals after reflection to be delivered to an output optical waveguide in M1-2 root output optical waveguide according to its intended destination; Carry out position by complementary phase modulator (7) to the wavelength signals through distributed Bragg grating (6) to regulate mutually simultaneously, and ensure that the position phase regulated quantity sum that position phase regulated quantity that complementary phase modulator (7) makes and phase modulator (5) are made is constant, make the lightwave signal through distributed Bragg grating (6) experience constant phase change.
2. a kind of array of photoswitch chip based on digital optical phase conjugation principle according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, according to order from small to large, wavelength is numbered, from first 1 × M × K1 secondary light switch subsystem (9), be that the wavelength of odd number distributes to each 1 × M × K1 secondary light switch subsystem (9) successively by sequence number, each 1 × M × K1 secondary light switch subsystem (9) for distribute K1 the Wavelength design digital optical phase conjugation reverberator (2) obtained; After all sequence numbers are the Wavelength Assignment of odd number, according to order from small to large, numbering is re-started to unappropriated wavelength, be that the wavelength of odd number distributes to follow-up 1 × M × K1 secondary light switch subsystem (9) successively by sequence number, each 1 × M × K1 secondary light switch subsystem (9) for distribute K1 the Wavelength design digital optical phase conjugation reverberator (2) obtained; Circulate according to above-mentioned rule, until unappropriated wavelength number is less than or equal to K1, stop cycle assignment; Remaining Wavelength Assignment is given p 1 × M × K1 secondary light switch subsystem (9), p 1 × M × K1 secondary light switch subsystem (9) for distribute the Wavelength design digital optical phase conjugation reverberator (2) obtained.
3. a kind of array of photoswitch chip based on digital optical phase conjugation principle according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, connector (10) is a multimode interference (11) or Y type knot hub (14), comprise one and export monomode optical waveguide and B1 root input monomode optical waveguide, every root input monomode optical waveguide is provided with a phase modulator (12), wherein export monomode optical waveguide and be connected to rear stage 1 × M × K1 secondary light switch subsystem (9), as its input, and B1 root input monomode optical waveguide is connected respectively to the B1 root monomode optical waveguide of M1 × B1 multimode interference (1) of first 1 × (M1-2) × K1, tri-grades of photoswitch subsystems (8) of previous stage 1 × M × K1 secondary light switch subsystem (9), control the phase modulator (12) in every root input monomode optical waveguide, all light waves are arrived and exports monomode optical waveguide, and realize the output of maximum light signal.
4. a kind of array of photoswitch chip based on digital optical phase conjugation principle according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in adjacent two 1 × (M1-2) × K1 tri-grades of photoswitch subsystems (8), K1 digital optical phase conjugation reverberator (2) in the B1 root monomode optical waveguide of M1 × B1 multimode interference (1), contrary according to its distance from M1 × B1 multimode interference (1) transversely arranged order from the near to the remote.
5. a kind of array of photoswitch chip based on digital optical phase conjugation principle according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in all p 1 × M × K1 secondary light switch subsystem (9) of each 1 × M × K one-level photoswitch subsystem (13), the output monomode optical waveguide that the output destination of M1 × B1 multimode interference (1) of all 1 × (M1-2) × K1 tri-grades of photoswitch subsystems (8) is identical is coupling-connected to same level main line monomode optical waveguide (16) by Y type knot (17), all Y types knot (17) and horizontal main line monomode optical waveguide (16) are produced in the optical waveguide plane (19) adjacent with M1 × B1 multimode interference (1) place optical waveguide plane (18), an output monomode optical waveguide of M1 × B1 multimode interference (1) is coupled in the branch of each Y type knot (17) by directional coupler (22), each Y type is selected to tie the branch of (17) and the closure of above-mentioned horizontal main line monomode optical waveguide (16), make the light direction of wave travel entering same level main line monomode optical waveguide (16) from the branch of Y type knot (17) consistent with the transmission direction of other light waves this horizontal main line monomode optical waveguide (16).
6. a kind of array of photoswitch chip based on digital optical phase conjugation principle according to claim 5, is characterized in that, all horizontal main line monomode optical waveguides (16) adopt optical gain material to make, pump light (λ
p) along flashlight direction of propagation input level main line monomode optical waveguide (16).
7. a kind of array of photoswitch chip based on digital optical phase conjugation principle according to claim 1, in p 1 × M × K1 secondary light switch subsystem (9) of each 1 × M × K one-level photoswitch subsystem (13), a serial connection semiconductor optical amplifier (15) in first input monomode optical waveguide of M1 × B1 multimode interference (1) of all 1 × (M1-2) × K1 tri-grades of photoswitch subsystems (8).
8. a kind of array of photoswitch chip based on digital optical phase conjugation principle according to claim 5, it is characterized in that, in all N number of 1 × M × K one-level photoswitch subsystem (13), the horizontal main line monomode optical waveguide (16) exporting destination identical is connected to same output optical waveguide (O by an external fiber (23) or an exterior light amplifier
1-M).
9. a kind of array of photoswitch chip based on digital optical phase conjugation principle according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the phase modulator (5) of all digital optical phase conjugation reverberators (2) and the control electrode of complementary phase modulator (7) are divided into r cross-talk electrode (24), in r cross-talk electrode (24), the length of each cross-talk electrode is two times of length of sub-electrode the last period, each cross-talk electrode is connected to a constant voltage source by a switching transistor (25), makes a phase degree of regulation reach 1/2
r.
10. a kind of array of photoswitch chip based on digital optical phase conjugation principle according to claim 9, it is characterized in that, switching transistor (25) and driving circuit thereof are produced on semiconductor chip (27), and fit together with phase modulator (5) place optical waveguide plane (26).
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| CN200962151Y (en) * | 2006-07-05 | 2007-10-17 | 东南大学 | Compact adjustable multi-mode interference coupler |
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| US6538804B1 (en) * | 1999-07-26 | 2003-03-25 | Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute | Planar waveguide-type optical amplifier switch |
| CN1904656A (en) * | 2006-07-05 | 2007-01-31 | 东南大学 | Compact regulatable type multi-mode interference coupler |
| CN200962151Y (en) * | 2006-07-05 | 2007-10-17 | 东南大学 | Compact adjustable multi-mode interference coupler |
| CN1932565A (en) * | 2006-09-29 | 2007-03-21 | 李志扬 | Active optical phase conjugating method and apparatus |
| CN200962160Y (en) * | 2006-09-29 | 2007-10-17 | 李志扬 | Imaging device based on active optical phase conjugation |
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