CN103725700A - 一种花生溶血磷脂酸酰基转移酶基因及其用途 - Google Patents
一种花生溶血磷脂酸酰基转移酶基因及其用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种花生溶血磷脂酸酰基转移酶基因AhLPAAT1及其用途,属于分子生物学和生物技术领域。本发明的AhLPAAT1具有SEQIDNO:1所示的基因cDNA核苷酸序列,其编码蛋白的氨基酸序列如SEQIDNO:2所示。本发明的花生溶血磷脂酸酰基转移酶基因具有改变植物组织尤其是种子中脂肪酸含量,并提高多聚不饱和脂肪酸比例的作用,在植物品种选育和农业生产领域具有广泛的应用前景。本发明还涉及转化有AhLPAAT1基因的转基因植物。本发明还涉及所述AhLPAAT1基因用于改变植物种子脂肪酸含量及成分比例的方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及分子生物学和生物技术领域,更具体地,涉及一种花生溶血磷脂酸酰基转移酶基因及其用途。
背景技术
油脂是油料作物籽粒的主要贮藏物质之一,种子油分含量的高低及其组成决定了油料作物的经济价值。植物脂肪酸是植物油脂的主要成分,同时也是生物膜的重要组成部分,脂肪酸的组成对植物油的营养价值、食品加工用途及工业用途有重要影响,生物膜的脂肪酸组成还影响到植物膜系统有关的抗逆特性(黄冰艳 等, 河南农业科学, 2009, 9:75-78)。在植物种子中,脂肪酸主要以三酰甘油酯的形式存在(Somerville C and Browse J, Science, 1991, 252:80–87; Voelker T and Kinney AJ, Annu Rev Plant Physiol Plant Mol Biol, 2001, 52:335-361),其品质及用途也大多取决于其脂肪酸成分及含量。现在大多植物油用于人类食用,但是脂肪酸在工业生产上也具有重要用途,如润滑剂、表面活性剂、包埋剂、聚烯类产品、医疗及理疗产品和生物能源原料等。
通过鉴定已知植物产生的脂肪酸种类有200多种,这些脂肪酸在碳链的长度、双键的位置及数目、生理功能作用等方面存在着差异。根据烃链的饱和程度,可将脂肪酸分为饱和脂肪酸、单不饱和脂肪酸和多聚不饱和脂肪酸。其中单不饱和脂肪酸和多聚不饱和脂肪酸又统称为不饱和脂肪酸。根据烃链的长短,可将脂肪酸分为链长为4-7个碳的短链脂肪酸、链长为8-18个碳的中长链脂肪酸,以及链长为含有20或20个碳以上的超长链脂肪酸(卢善发, 植物学通报, 2000, 17(6):481-491)。不饱和脂肪酸比饱和脂肪酸在植物界中,特别是高等植物中含量丰富,植物脂肪酸除含烯键外,可含炔键、羟基、酮基、环氧基和环戊基等。大部分用于食用的油料作物主要含有油酸(oleic acid,C18:1,△9)、亚油酸(1inoleic acid,C18:2,△9,12)、 亚麻酸(α-linolenic acid,C18:3,△9,12,15)、硬脂酸(stearic acid,C18:0)和棕榈酸(palmitic acid,C16:0)等5种脂肪酸,而其他植物则含有在种类及含量上变化各异的脂肪酸。亚油酸和亚麻酸等多聚不饱和脂肪酸的营养价值和保健作用日益受到人们的关注。
高等植物中脂肪酸的生物合成是一个相当复杂的生化过程,其合成途径首先发生在质体中,蔗糖一般作为种子中脂肪酸合成的主要碳源, 经过糖酵解途径转变成丙酮酸,丙酮酸在丙酮酸脱氢酶复合体的催化下被氧化成肪酸合成的前体乙酰CoA,在乙酰CoA 羧化酶的作用下合成丙二酰CoA。然后脂肪酸合成酶以丙二酰CoA 为底物进行连续的聚合反应,以每个循环增加两个碳的方式合成碳链,进一步合成 16 至 18 碳的饱和脂肪酸。这些不断增长的酰基碳链与酰基载体蛋白ACP 结合,经过数次循环聚合,酰基-ACP 硫脂酶或酰基转移酶终止脂肪酸的合成。不同碳链长度的酰基-ACP 于终止反应后在酰基CoA合成酶作用下合成酰基CoA,并从质体转运到内质网或胞质中,再经多种酶的作用下进一步合成和修饰,其中有脂肪酸的去饱和超长链脂肪酸的合成及环氧化、羟化等。
在油料作物种子中,从脂肪酸到甘油三酯TAG 的合成是通过Kennedy 途径(Stymne S, et al., Biochim Biophys Acta, 752:198-208)进行,主要包括四大酶促反应。首先3-磷酸甘油(G-3-P)经3-磷酸甘油酰基转移酶(G3PAT)作用合成溶血性磷脂酸(LAP),随后在溶血磷脂酸酰基转移酶(LPAAT)作用下形成磷脂酸(PA),磷脂酸磷酸化酶(PAP)将磷脂酸(PA)脱磷酸化形成甘油二酯(DAG),再被二酰甘油酰基转移酶(DAGAT)催化合成甘油三酯(TAG)。甘油三酯的 Sn-1 和 Sn-3 的位置上通常被饱和脂肪酸占据,而不饱和脂肪酸通常占据Sn-2 的位置。
大量的研究表明不同来源的G3PAT 和DAGAT对酰基CoA 的选择性较小,而LPAAT 则具有很强的底物选择性,TAG的Sn-2 位受LPAAT 对酰基CoA的选择特异性高度限制。例如从油菜和拟南芥中分离出来的质体LPAAT对16:0-CoA的偏好性远远高过18:1-CoA (Bourgis F, et al., Plant Physiol, 1999, 120: 913–921; Kim HU and Huang AHC, Plant Physiol, 2004, 134:1206-1216; Yu B, et al., Plant Cell Physiol, 2004, 45:503-510),而对从几类不同植物中分离出来的胞质LPAAT进行研究表明对18:1-CoA的偏好性超过16:0-CoA(Ohlrogge J and Browse J, Plant Cell, 1995; 7:957-970)。在油脂型种子的植物类型中Sn-2位置上有一些比较特殊的酰基CoA,表明这些植物当中含有另外一些对特殊的酰基CoA有活性的种子特异性的LPAAT(Cao YZ, et al., Plant Physiol, 1990, 94: 1199-1206; Laurant P and Huang A H C, Plant Physiol. 1992, 99:1711-1715; Brown A P, et al., Plant Mol Biol, 1994, 26:211-223; Frentzen M, Fett Lipid. 1998; 100:161-166)。一些植物成熟种子或其他组织来源的LPAAT基因也已经被分离克隆出来,包括椰子(Knutzon D S, et al., Plant Physiol, 1995, 109:999-1006)、玉米(Brown A P, et al., Plant Mol Biol, 1994, 26:211-223)、池花属(Limnanthes)(Brown A P, et al., Plant Mol.Biol. 29 (1995), 267–278)等。
不同来源的植物LPAAT由于其底物偏好性和功能的差别,使植物脂肪酸的合成呈多样化,因此可通过生物工程途径利用不同来源的LPAAT基因有目地对植物进行有针对性的改良,从而改变植物脂肪酸的含量和成分,获得稳定高产、满足人类需求的优良新品种。鉴于植物油的提取工艺非常成熟,许多研究者已经将目光转向油料作物的代谢工程,研究如何利用转基因植物作“绿色细胞工厂” 生产各种有用脂肪酸产品,具有重要的经济价值和应用前景。
发明内容
发明人在已构建花生种子发育中期cDNA文库的基础上,通过设计简并引物克隆得到花生溶血磷脂酸酰基转移酶AhLPAAT1基因,该cDNA含有一个大小为1131bp的开放阅读框(ORF)。开放阅读框编码376个氨基酸残基的蛋白,AhLPAAT1基因编码的蛋白与GenBank中蓖麻、葡萄、拟南芥、玉米、水稻、北美云杉等物种的LPAAT相似性分别高达90%、90%、85%、88%、83%、80%。
通过转基因验证花生溶血磷脂酸酰基转移酶AhLPAAT1基因功能,与对照组比较,发现转化了AhLPAAT1基因的转基因植株所产生的种子脂肪酸总含量下降,同时多聚不饱和脂肪酸的比例有不同程度的增加。由此验证了AhLPAAT1基因可改变种子中脂肪酸的含量与成分比例。
本发明首先提供一种花生溶血磷脂酸酰基转移酶AhLPAAT1基因的核苷酸序列,所述的核苷酸序列含有SEQ ID NO:1 所示的核苷酸序列或与其互补的核苷酸序列。所述基因的序列如下:
1 atgactacca ctgggacact caagtcttct agttctgaat tggatcttga tcgacccaac
61 atcgaagatt acctgccaac aggatcctcc attcaacaag aacctcatgg aaagcttcgc
121 ctgcatgatt tgctcgatat ttctcctact ttatctgagg cagctggtgc tattgtagat
181 gactcattca caagatgttt caagtcaaat cctcatgaac catggaactg gaatgtttat
241 ttattccctt tgtggtgttg tggagttgta tttcgatatt tgattctgtt tccggcaagg
301 attctggtgt taacaatagg atggataata tttctttcat ccttcattcc agtgcacctc
361 ctattgaagg gacaagacaa gttgaggaga aatattgaga gatcgttggt ggagatggtg
421 tgtagtttct ttgttgcatc ttggactggg gttgtcaagt accatgggcc aaggcctagc
481 aggcgaccga aacaggtttt tgtggccaac catacttcca tgattgattt cattatctta
541 gaacagatga cagcattcgc tgttattatg cagaagcatc ctggatgggt tggactattg
601 cagagtacca ttttggagag cgtaggatgt atttggttca atcgtacaga ggcaaaggat
661 cgagaaattg tggcgaggaa attgagggaa catgtccagg gagctgacaa taaccctctt
721 ctcatatttc ctgaagggac ttgcgtaaat aatcactata cagttatgtt caaaaagggt
781 gccttcgaac ttggatgcac agtttgccca gttgcaataa agtataataa aatttttgtt
841 gatgcttttt ggaatagtcg aaaacaatct ttcactaagc atttgttgca gctaatgaca
901 tcatgggctg ttgtttgtga tgtttggtac ttggagccac aaaatctgaa gcctggagaa
961 acacccattg agtttgcaga gagggtaaga gacataatct cacatcgtgc tggccttaaa
1021 aaggttccat gggatggata cctgaagtat tctcgtccta gcccgaagca tagagaacga
1081 aagcaacaga actttgcgga gtcaatgcta cggcgtttgg aggaaaaatg a
更进一步提供一种蛋白,所述的蛋白的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:2所示。所述氨基酸的序列如下:
MTTTGTLKSSSSELDLDRPNIEDYLPTGSSIQQEPHGKLRLHDLLDISPTLSEAAGAIVDDSFTRCFKSNPHEPWNWNVYLFPLWCCGVVFRYLILFPARILVLTIGWIIFLSSFIPVHLLLKGQDKLRRNIERSLVEMVCSFFVASWTGVVKYHGPRPSRRPKQVFVANHTSMIDFIILEQMTAFAVIMQKHPGWVGLLQSTILESVGCIWFNRTEAKDREIVARKLREHVQGADNNPLLIFPEGTCVNNHYTVMFKKGAFELGCTVCPVAIKYNKIFVDAFWNSRKQSFTKHLLQLMTSWAVVCDVWYLEPQNLKPGETPIEFAERVRDIISHRAGLKKVPWDGYLKYSRPSPKHRERKQQNFAESMLRRLEEK
在本发明中,所述的AhLPAAT1基因来源于花生品种汕油523(Arachis hypogaea L. Shanyou 523)。本发明的另一方面涉及一种载体,其特征在于,所述载体含有本发明所述的核苷酸序列,所述载体可以通过例如将上述核苷酸序列插入克隆载体或表达载体而得到,或者可以通过人工合成得到。
更进一步提供一种载体,所述的载体含有权利要求1所述的核苷酸序列。所述重组载体的克隆载体包括但不限于,例如:pGEM-T Easy、pUC18、pUC19、pUC118、pUC119、pMD19-T、pMD20-T 、pMD18-T Simple Vector、pMD19-T Simple Vector等。
再提供一种含上述的载体的重组细胞,所述的重组细胞为pBI121、pCambia、pGEM、pET等。
一种转基因植物,所述转基因植物转化有上述的核苷酸序列,或上述的氨基酸序列和,或上述的载体,或感染有上述的重组细胞。所述重组细胞的宿主细胞包括但不限于,例如:大肠杆菌DH5α、根癌农杆菌细胞LBA4404、EHA105、GV3010等。在本发明的一个实施方案中,所述重组细胞为重组农杆菌(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)EHA105-pBI121-AhLPAAT1和EHA105-pBIOle17.8-AhLPAAT1。
一种根据上述的核苷酸序列、根据上述的氨基酸序列、根据上述的载体或根据上述的重组细胞在改变植物组织中的应用。
一种根据上述的核苷酸序列、根据上述的氨基酸序列、根据上述的载体或根据上述的重组细胞在制备转基因植物或用于植物育种中的应用。
更进一步提供一种改变植物种子脂肪酸含量及成分,并提高种子多聚不饱和脂肪酸比例的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括将上述的核苷酸序列或上述的载体转化入植物,或包括用上述的重组细胞感染植物。
更进一步提供一种改变植物组织或培养细胞的脂肪酸含量及成分,产生具有较高多聚不饱和脂肪酸比例的转基因植物,或转基因愈伤组织组织,或转基因细胞的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
S1. 将上述的核苷酸序列和/或上述的载体转化入植物组织或细胞,或用感染有上述的重组细胞感染植物组织或细胞;
S2. 利用所述植物组织或细胞再生转基因植物;
所述植物包括双子叶植物、单子叶植物及藻类植物,特别是拟南芥、花生、大豆、油菜、油茶、麻疯树、芝麻、向日葵、橄榄、玉米、水稻、小麦、油藻。
在本发明中,可采用植物基因转化技术将目的基因插入到植物基因组中,包括农杆菌介导转化、病毒介导的转化、显微注射、粒子轰击、基因转化和电穿孔等。本领域周知,农杆菌介导的基因转化常被用于植物的基因转化,但其它转化技术也可用于本发明所述的植物转化。适用于本发明所述的基因转化的受体可以是植物组织或细胞,例如愈伤组织、原生质体或单细胞藻类。基因转化后,采用通用的方法来筛选和再生整合有表达单元的植物。
本发明的还一方面涉及一种产生种子脂肪酸含量及成分改变并具有较高多聚不饱和脂肪酸比例的转基因植物的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
1)将本发明的核苷酸序列和/或载体转化入植物组织或细胞,或用本发明的重组细胞感染植物组织或细胞;
2)利用所述植物组织或细胞再生转基因植物。
在本发明中,所述植物包括双子叶植物、单子叶植物及藻类植物,所述双子叶植物包括但不限于拟南芥、花生、大豆、油菜、油茶、麻疯树、芝麻、向日葵、橄榄,所述单子叶植物包括但不限于玉米、水稻、小麦,藻类植物包括但不限于油藻。
在本发明中,所述改变脂肪酸含量及成分并提高多聚不饱和脂肪酸比例是指等重成熟种子或植物材料中脂肪酸总含量的改变以及脂肪酸种类及其比例的改变。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,利用CaMV35S 启动子以及本实验室的高效种子特异表达启动子AhOleo17.8与克隆到的AhLPAAT1 基因cDNA 序列构建成的过表达载体,转入Columbia 野生型拟南芥得到转基因植株,经过鉴定筛选得到纯合的T3代种子,对其进行表型差异分析、基因表达差异分析以及脂肪酸含量和种类分析。表型观察结果表明转基因植株与野生型在营养器官外观无明显差异。定量与半定量PCR 结果显示转基因种子的AhLPAAT1表达量明显增加,35S:AhLPAAT1 表达量要高于Oleosin17.8:AhLPAAT1。种子含油率以及脂肪酸组分测定揭示了转入AhLPAAT1使拟南芥种子含油率下降,同时单不饱和脂肪酸油酸的含量下降,多聚不饱和脂肪酸亚麻酸的含量升高。
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:
(1)本发明从花生中分离到AhLPAAT1基因,通过转化模式植物拟南芥证实了AhLPAAT1能改变植物种子脂肪酸含量及成分并提高多聚不饱和脂肪酸比例,使转基因植物种子总含油率下降,同时脂肪酸成分中油酸比例下降,亚麻酸比例升高。
(2)将AhLPAAT1基因转入到水稻、玉米、大豆、油菜、油茶、芝麻、向日葵和橄榄等重要农作物中,则有可能改变和调控这些植物的脂肪酸合成途径,达到对产量和品质的改良目的,得到含有更有利于人体健康的脂肪酸成分的油料种质,对油料植物的遗传育种具有重大的意义。
(3)将AhLPAAT1基因转入到油茶、麻疯树作物或产油藻类中,则有可能改变和调控这些植物的脂肪酸合成途径,达到改良其脂肪酸成分比例和化学结构,为能源油料植物的遗传育种和利用提供新的途径。
附图说明
图1 花生AhLPAAT1 cDNA序列的扩增。M:DL2000 Marker;1:AhLPAAT1基因cDNA。
图2 pBI121-AhLPAAT1和pAhOle17.8-AhLPAAT1载体示意图。
图3 转基因拟南芥种子的RT-PCR和Western Blot的检测结果。(A)为RT-PCR的检测结果,肌动蛋白基因(Actin)是内参;I-1,I-2,I-3 代表35S:AhLPAAT1转基因的三个株系;O-1,O-2,O-3 代表Oleosin17.8:AhLPAAT1转基因的三个株系。(B)为Western Blot的检测结果, 1、2、3 分别代表35S:AhLPAAT1和Oleosin17.8:AhLPAAT1转基因的三个株系。
图4 AhLPAAT1 转基因拟南芥种子含油量分析。I-1,I-2,I-3 代表35S:AhLPAAT1转基因的三个株系;O-1,O-2,O-3 代表Oleosin17.8:AhLPAAT1转基因的三个株系。
图5 转基因拟南芥种子的脂肪酸组分分析。(A) I-1,I-2,I-3 代表35S:AhLPAAT1转基因的三个株系;(B) O-1,O-2,O-3 代表Oleosin17.8:AhLPAAT1转基因的三个株系。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体实施例进一步详细说明本发明。除非特别说明,本发明采用的试剂、设备和方法为本技术领域常规市购的试剂、设备和常规使用的方法。
下面将结合实施例对本发明的实施方案做进一步说明。本领域技术人员将会理解,下列实施例仅用于说明本发明,而不应视为限定本发明的范围,实施例中未注明具体条件者,按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂家者,均为可以通过市购获得的常规产品。
实施例1
花生AhLPAAT1基因的克隆和重组载体pGEM-T-AhLPAAT1的构建
(1)花生种子总RNA提取
1) 称取花生种子0.1g,于液氮中研磨成粉,迅速转移至1.5ml离心管;
2) 向离心管加入1ml Trizol提取液,混合均匀,室温放置5min;
3) 向离心管加入0.2ml氯仿,剧烈震荡15s,室温放置3min,4℃,12000rpm离心15min小心吸取上层水相200μl加入另一离心管;
4) 重复3),至除去大部分蛋白为止,异丙醇(0.8倍体积),室温放置10min,然后4℃,12000g,离心10min;
5) 弃上清,加入1ml 75%乙醇,4℃,7,500g,离心5min;弃上清,加入1ml无水乙醇,4℃,7500g,离心5min;
6) 弃上清,室温干燥5-8min;加入50 μl DEPC水溶解RNA;
(2)紫外分光测定RNA纯度和浓度
在紫外分光光度仪上测定RNA样品的OD260和OD280,计算RNA的纯度及浓度。RNA的OD260/280值应在1.9-2.1。RNA样品置于-80℃低温保存备用。
(3)Dnase Ⅰ消化
1) 在进行逆转录前先对总RNA中的DNA进行消化,按照以下比例配置Dnase消化体系:10-20μg RNA,12μl 10×Buffer,12μl Dnase (Rnase-Free) (TaKaRa公司产品),加DEPC处理的去离子水至120μl,将上述混合物于37℃水浴消化30min;
2) 在混合液中加入1/10体积的3M醋酸铵(pH4.2),2.5倍体积的无水乙醇,然后-20℃沉淀1h,于4℃ 12000 rpm离心15min;
3) 用700μl,70%酒精洗涤沉淀,8000 rpm 离心5min,重复此步骤一次,收集沉淀,超净台内干燥沉淀,然后用20μl DEPC处理水溶解沉淀,紫外分光光度测消化后的RNA纯度和浓度。
(4)cDNA第一链的合成
使用TaKaRa公司的RNA PCR Kit(AMV)Ver.3.0试剂盒合成cDNA第一链。 按试剂盒说明书操作。
(5)花生溶血磷脂酸酰基转移酶基因cDNA序列的克隆
以上述汕油523花生cDNA为模板,通过PCR克隆得到PCR片段。
正向引物:5’-ATGACTACCACTGGGACACTCAAG-3’
反向引物:5’-TCATTTTTCCTCCAAACGCCGTAGC-3’
PCR反应体系:1μl cDNA模板,1μl正向引物,1μl反向引物,1μl dNTP (10 mM), 5 μl 10×EX-Taq PCR Buffer,0.5μl EX-Taq酶(TaKaRa),最后补充去离子水,使总体积为50μl。PCR程序:94℃3分钟;然后进入如下循环:94℃ 25秒,60℃ 30秒,72℃ 1分钟,共10个循环;在进入如下循环:94℃ 25秒,52℃ 30秒,72℃ 1分钟,共30个循环;最后72℃延伸7分钟。
(6) T-载体连接
扩增完成进行琼脂糖电泳检测,回收合适大小的条带。用DNA回收试剂盒(QIAquick Gel Extraction Kit) QIAGEN公司产品进行回收。取3μl回收产物与pGEM-T Easy 载体进行连接,按照Promega公司的说明书步骤进行操作,构建中间载体pGEM-T-AhLPAAT1。
(7)大肠杆菌转化
将冻存的DH5α高效率感受态细胞(氯化钙法制备的感受态细胞,制备方法按照《分子克隆实验指南》,第三版,科学出版社)从-80℃ 冰箱中取出,放置在冰浴直至融化(大概5分钟),轻轻振动离心管使之混匀。向转化管中加50ul 感受态细胞,加入上10μl述连接产物,即中间载体pGEM-T-AhLPAAT1,轻轻振动小管混匀。冰浴30分钟,42℃水浴中热激90秒,冰浴5分钟,加入900ul SOC 培养基,在37℃/150rpm复苏1小时。转化后的细胞连同培养基100μl 涂到LB/氨苄/IPTG/X-Gal平板上,平板倒置于37℃过夜培养,获得含有pGEM-T-AhLPAAT1克隆载体的重组大肠杆菌。由上海英潍捷基(invitrogen)公司对pGEM-T-AhLPAAT1克隆载体中的连接产物进行测序,测序结果与SEQ ID NO:1一致。表明获得的pGEM-T-AhLPAAT1克隆载体中的AhLPAAT1基因序列正确。
实施例2
植物过表达载体的构建
(1)过表达载体pBI121-AhLPAAT1重组载体和pBIOle17.8-AhLPAAT1重组载体的构建
利用带有35S启动子的pBI121载体和带有花生来源的种子特异启动子的pOlesin17.8-GUS载体来进行植物过表达载体的构建,pOlesin17.8-GUS载体为pBI121载体的35S启动子替换为花生Olesin17.8启动子所构建的载体。根据pBI121载体的MCS上的Sma I和Sac I酶切位点与AhLPAAT1 cDNA两端的序列设计了一对引物 ,加限制酶切位点和保护碱基(下划线序列为酶切位点):
正向引物:5’-TCCCCCGGGATGACTACCACTGGGACACTCAAG-3’
反向引物:5’-CGAGCTCTCATTTTTCTCCAAACGCCGTAGC-3’
PCR反应体系为:0.5 μl pGEM-T-AhLPAAT1中间载体质粒,1 μl dNTP Mixture(10mM),2 μl正向引物(10μM),2 μl反向引物(10μM) ,5 μl 10×Primer STAR Buffer,1 μl Primer STAR(TaKaRa公司),最后补充去离子水,使总体积为50μl。PCR反应条件为:94℃5 min;然后进入如下循环:94℃30s,50℃ 30s,72℃ 4 min,共35个循环;最后72℃延伸10 min。
(2) 载体连接
扩增完成进行琼脂糖电泳检测,回收合适大小的条带。用DNA回收试剂盒(QIAquick Gel Extraction Kit) QIAGEN公司产品进行回收。按照TaKaRa公司的产品说明书,用Sma I和Sac I进行双酶切,然后回收片段,连入用相同酶消化的表达载体pBI121或pOlesin17.8-GUS中,构建植物表达载体pBI121-AhLPAAT1或pBIOle17.8-AhLPAAT1,示图如图2所示。然后将连接产物转化大肠杆菌DH5α感受态细胞,挑取克隆进行PCR、酶切和测序鉴定。
(3)根癌农杆菌的转化:提取测序正确的克隆的质粒,通过电击法转化根癌农杆菌EHA105,获得重组农杆菌EHA105-pBI121-AhLPAAT1和EHA105-pBIOle17.8-AhLPAAT1。
实施例3
拟南芥的遗传转化
(1)拟南芥转化前处理:拟南芥植株主苔长至5-6cm并开始开花并形成1-2个角果时即可用于转化,转化前需剪去已长成的角果。
(2)浸染培养基的配制:用于浸泡拟南芥花序的浸染培养基成分为含5%蔗糖的1/2MS培养基,pH=5.8(KOH调节),高压灭菌。用时添加0.02%-0.05%表面活性剂Silwet L-77。
(3)农杆菌准备及拟南芥转化:
1)菌种的活化:将保存的已转化的根癌农杆菌EHA105菌种在含卡那霉素(Km,100mg/L)和利福平(Rif,30 mg/L)的YEB固体培养基上划线活化,并挑取单菌落PCR检测;
2)挑取活化的含目的基因的单克隆阳性农杆菌至5ml新鲜含卡那霉素和利福平的YEB培养基,28℃、180rpm培养24小时;
3)取上述菌液5ml(1%-2%)接种至500ml新鲜含卡那霉素和利福平的YEB培养基,28℃、180rpm培养18-24小时,使OD600值达到0.8左右(用YEB+Rif+Km作为空白对照);
4)上述菌液室温下4000rpm离心20分钟收集菌体,用侵染培养基重新悬浮菌体,使OD600值大约为0.8-1;
5)将上述浸染液倒入烧杯,将待转化植物的花序浸没在浸染液中60秒;
6)转化后用吸水纸吸去过多的菌液。用黑色塑料袋罩住拟南芥地上部分以保持湿度。暗培养16-24小时后,小心去掉塑料袋,并浇足水,回复正常光照;
7)为提高转化率,可在一周以后重复一次侵染过程;
8)转化后的植物正常栽培管理,收获成熟种子。收获后的种子在含有50mg/L卡那霉素和150mg/L羧苄青霉素的MS固体培养基上筛选转基因阳性植株。
实施例4
转基因种子的RT-PCR分析
(1) 总RNA 提取:使用百泰克(BioTeKe) 公司的植物通用总RNA 提取试剂盒(离心柱型)提取种子与14 天幼苗的RNA,按试剂盒说明书操作;
(2) 第一链cDNA 的合成:使用TaKaRa 公司的Prime Script RT reagent Kit with gDNA Eraser (Perfect Real Time)试剂盒,按说明书操作,所有反应均在ABI Veriti 梯度PCR 仪上进行;
(3) RT-PCR分析
AhLPAAT1 基因特异引物:
正向引物: 5’-CTTCGGGCTAGGACGAGAAT-3’;
反向引物: 5’-ATGGGCTGTTGTTTGTGATG-3’。
内参基因Beta Actin(At2g37620)引物:
正向引物: 5’-ACGACCAGCAAGATCAAGAC-3’;
反向引物: 5’-CCCTGCTATGTATGTGGCTAT-3’。
AhLPAAT1 基因和内参基因Beta Actin的PCR反应体系:1μ l 稀释5倍的第一链cDNA模板, 25.5μ l PCR Mix(东盛公司),1μ l 正向引物(10μM),1μ l 反向引物(10μM),补充去离子水,使总体积为25μ l。PCR反应条件为:95℃ 30秒,60℃ 30秒,72℃ 30秒。 AhLPAAT1 基因反应循环数为26,内参基因Beta Actin反应循环数为34。RT-PCR结果如图3A所示,野生型种子中没有检测到AhLPAAT1的表达,而在过表达启动子驱动的35S:AhLPAAT1的转基因拟南芥3个株系种子与种子特异启动子驱动的Oleosin17.8:AhLPAAT1的转基因拟南芥3个株系种子均检测到不同程度的AhLPAAT1表达,且35S启动子 比Oleosin17.8 启动子的驱动作用强,前者表达量高于后者。
实施例5
转基因植物的Western Blot检测
(1)原核表达:以实施例2所述的中间载体pGEM-T-AhLPAAT1为模板,通过PCR克隆得到添加了酶切位点EcoR I 和Xho I 的PCR片段。PCR引物如下,下划线部分为酶切位点:
正向引物:5’-CGGAATTCAATCGTACAGAGGCAAAGGATCGAG-3’
反向引物:5’-CCGCTCGAGTCATTTTTCCTCCAAACGCCGTAGC--3’
PCR反应体系为:2μl模板,4μl dNTP (2.5mM),2μl正向引物(10μM),2μl反向引物(10μM),5 μl 10×EX-Taq PCR Buffer,0.5μl EX-Taq酶(TaKaRa公司产品),最后补充去离子水,使总体积为50μl。PCR程序:94℃ 3分钟;然后进入如下循环:94℃ 30秒,62℃ 30秒,72℃ 1分钟,共9个循环;在进入如下循环:94℃ 25秒,58℃ 30秒,72℃ 1分钟,共21个循环;最后延伸7分钟。纯化后的PCR产物用EcoR I 和Xho I酶切,回收,连接入用同样酶消化的pGEX4T-1原核表达载体(Pharmarcia)中,构建原核表达载体pGE-AhLPAAT1。然后转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)plyss,进行PCR、酶切和测序鉴定,方法与实施例2相同。蛋白的纯化利用Glutathione Sepharose 4B 凝胶颗粒(Sigma)进行GST 标签结合纯化。
(2)抗体制备:上述纯化后的蛋白用于注射新西兰大白兔制备特异性抗体anti-AhLPAAT1。
(3)蛋白提取:野生型和转基因植物种子的蛋白提取参照Fan等(The Plant Cell, 1997, 9:2183-2196)的方法。
(4)Western blot:免疫印迹参照Mizzen等(J Biochem Biophys Methods, 1996, 32(2):77-83)的方法。Western结果如图3B所示,在野生型拟南芥中检测不到AhLPAAT1的积累,而在过表达启动子驱动的35S:AhLPAAT1的转基因拟南芥3个株系种子与种子特异启动子驱动的Oleosin17.8: AhLPAAT1的转基因拟南芥3个株系种子均检测到不同程度的AhLPAAT1的积累。
实施例6
转基因种子含油率及脂肪酸成分差异分析
将构建的植物过表达载体pBI121-AhLPAAT1和pBIOle17.8-AhLPAAT1转化Columbia 野生型拟南芥,经筛选鉴定,收获T3 代纯合子种子。对转基因植株进行含油量与脂肪酸组分差异分析。
(1) 种子含油量的测定
取过表达的35S:AhLPAAT1的三个株系,分别标记为I-1、I-2、I-3;取种子特异表达的Oleosin17.8:AhLPAAT1 的三个株系,分别标记为O-1、O-2、O-3,以野生型植株作为对照。称取适量重量的种子,加入2ml异丙醇,85 °C加热10分钟。加入3ml正己烷,涡旋混匀,室温放置5分钟。加入2.5 ml 15% (w/v)硫酸钠溶液分层。移去上层溶液,下层溶液加入7:2的正己烷:异丙醇重新提取。合并脂类提取物,液氮干燥至恒重。将提取得到的油脂重量除以种子干重,即得到种子的含油率。
种子含油率是根据提取到的油脂重量除以种子干重获得,数据采用student-t test分析及Duncan’s multiple range test 检测显著差异。图4所示为不同株系的含油率,结果表明AhLPAAT1的转基因植株,AhLPAAT1 表达量升高的同时其种子含油量相对野生型种子的含油量呈下调趋势。
(2)种子脂肪酸组分测定
称取大约10mg 的各株系种子以及对照种子,放入1.5×10 cm 的干净玻璃管中。往玻璃管中加入1ml 新鲜配制的5%(v/v)硫磺酸:甲醇和25μl 丁化羟基甲苯BHT 溶液 (甲醇中终浓度0.2%),以及300 μl甲苯,并加入C17:0(十七烷酸)作内标。得到的混合物涡旋混匀30 秒,然后90 °C 加热1.5小时。待冷却至室温时,加入1.5 ml 0.9% NaCl (w/v),再用2ml 正己烷提取脂肪酸甲酯(FAMEs)三次。合并三次所得的脂肪酸甲酯并液氮干燥,最后用400μl 正己烷重溶解。
提取物用Agilent 7890A GC 气相色谱仪系统(火焰电离检测器(FID) 和HP-88 柱 (30 m·0.25 mm I.D., 0.20μm 厚))进行分析。气相色谱条件:运载气体(氢气)流速1 ml min-1; 分流进样 (1:10);注射器和 FID 温度为250 和 300 °C;柱箱温度先150 °C3 分钟,然后以每分钟增加10 °C 的速度至 200 °C,接着维持200 °C 5 分钟,继续以每分钟5 °C 速度增温至230 °C,恒温 3分钟。
通过SPSSv19.0 中的Duncan’s multiple range test(显著性水准P≤0.05)对样本间的差异显著性分析发现,转入35S:AhLPAAT1 的种子与野生型Columbia 的区别主要表现在C18:1(油酸)和C18:3(亚麻酸),两者分别呈现下降与上升趋势,其他的脂肪酸成分未见明显差异(图5A)。同样的情况也出现在Oleosin17.8:AhLPAAT1的转基因种子中(图5B),说明AhLPAAT1的上调表达可以提高脂肪酸的去饱和程度,油酸含量降低,亚麻酸含量增加。
<110> 中山大学
<120> 一种花生溶血磷脂酸酰基转移酶基因及其用途
<130>
<160> 12
<170> PatentIn version 3.3
<210> 1
<211> 1131
<212> DNA
<213> 花生溶血磷脂酸酰基转移酶AhLPAAT1基因的核苷酸序列
<400> 1
atgactacca ctgggacact caagtcttct agttctgaat tggatcttga tcgacccaac 60
atcgaagatt acctgccaac aggatcctcc attcaacaag aacctcatgg aaagcttcgc 120
ctgcatgatt tgctcgatat ttctcctact ttatctgagg cagctggtgc tattgtagat 180
gactcattca caagatgttt caagtcaaat cctcatgaac catggaactg gaatgtttat 240
ttattccctt tgtggtgttg tggagttgta tttcgatatt tgattctgtt tccggcaagg 300
attctggtgt taacaatagg atggataata tttctttcat ccttcattcc agtgcacctc 360
ctattgaagg gacaagacaa gttgaggaga aatattgaga gatcgttggt ggagatggtg 420
tgtagtttct ttgttgcatc ttggactggg gttgtcaagt accatgggcc aaggcctagc 480
aggcgaccga aacaggtttt tgtggccaac catacttcca tgattgattt cattatctta 540
gaacagatga cagcattcgc tgttattatg cagaagcatc ctggatgggt tggactattg 600
cagagtacca ttttggagag cgtaggatgt atttggttca atcgtacaga ggcaaaggat 660
cgagaaattg tggcgaggaa attgagggaa catgtccagg gagctgacaa taaccctctt 720
ctcatatttc ctgaagggac ttgcgtaaat aatcactata cagttatgtt caaaaagggt 780
gccttcgaac ttggatgcac agtttgccca gttgcaataa agtataataa aatttttgtt 840
gatgcttttt ggaatagtcg aaaacaatct ttcactaagc atttgttgca gctaatgaca 900
tcatgggctg ttgtttgtga tgtttggtac ttggagccac aaaatctgaa gcctggagaa 960
acacccattg agtttgcaga gagggtaaga gacataatct cacatcgtgc tggccttaaa 1020
aaggttccat gggatggata cctgaagtat tctcgtccta gcccgaagca tagagaacga 1080
aagcaacaga actttgcgga gtcaatgcta cggcgtttgg aggaaaaatg a 1131
<210> 2
<211> 376
<212> PRT
<213> 蛋白的氨基酸序列
<400> 2
Met Thr Thr Thr Gly Thr Leu Lys Ser Ser Ser Ser Glu Leu Asp Leu
1 5 10 15
Asp Arg Pro Asn Ile Glu Asp Tyr Leu Pro Thr Gly Ser Ser Ile Gln
20 25 30
Gln Glu Pro His Gly Lys Leu Arg Leu His Asp Leu Leu Asp Ile Ser
35 40 45
Pro Thr Leu Ser Glu Ala Ala Gly Ala Ile Val Asp Asp Ser Phe Thr
50 55 60
Arg Cys Phe Lys Ser Asn Pro His Glu Pro Trp Asn Trp Asn Val Tyr
65 70 75 80
Leu Phe Pro Leu Trp Cys Cys Gly Val Val Phe Arg Tyr Leu Ile Leu
85 90 95
Phe Pro Ala Arg Ile Leu Val Leu Thr Ile Gly Trp Ile Ile Phe Leu
100 105 110
Ser Ser Phe Ile Pro Val His Leu Leu Leu Lys Gly Gln Asp Lys Leu
115 120 125
Arg Arg Asn Ile Glu Arg Ser Leu Val Glu Met Val Cys Ser Phe Phe
130 135 140
Val Ala Ser Trp Thr Gly Val Val Lys Tyr His Gly Pro Arg Pro Ser
145 150 155 160
Arg Arg Pro Lys Gln Val Phe Val Ala Asn His Thr Ser Met Ile Asp
165 170 175
Phe Ile Ile Leu Glu Gln Met Thr Ala Phe Ala Val Ile Met Gln Lys
180 185 190
His Pro Gly Trp Val Gly Leu Leu Gln Ser Thr Ile Leu Glu Ser Val
195 200 205
Gly Cys Ile Trp Phe Asn Arg Thr Glu Ala Lys Asp Arg Glu Ile Val
210 215 220
Ala Arg Lys Leu Arg Glu His Val Gln Gly Ala Asp Asn Asn Pro Leu
225 230 235 240
Leu Ile Phe Pro Glu Gly Thr Cys Val Asn Asn His Tyr Thr Val Met
245 250 255
Phe Lys Lys Gly Ala Phe Glu Leu Gly Cys Thr Val Cys Pro Val Ala
260 265 270
Ile Lys Tyr Asn Lys Ile Phe Val Asp Ala Phe Trp Asn Ser Arg Lys
275 280 285
Gln Ser Phe Thr Lys His Leu Leu Gln Leu Met Thr Ser Trp Ala Val
290 295 300
Val Cys Asp Val Trp Tyr Leu Glu Pro Gln Asn Leu Lys Pro Gly Glu
305 310 315 320
Thr Pro Ile Glu Phe Ala Glu Arg Val Arg Asp Ile Ile Ser His Arg
325 330 335
Ala Gly Leu Lys Lys Val Pro Trp Asp Gly Tyr Leu Lys Tyr Ser Arg
340 345 350
Pro Ser Pro Lys His Arg Glu Arg Lys Gln Gln Asn Phe Ala Glu Ser
355 360 365
Met Leu Arg Arg Leu Glu Glu Lys
370 375
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<212> DNA
<213> 花生溶血磷脂酸酰基转移酶基因cDNA序列的克隆正向引物
<400> 3
atgactacca ctgggacact caag 24
<210> 4
<211> 25
<212> DNA
<213> 花生溶血磷脂酸酰基转移酶基因cDNA序列的克隆反向引物
<400> 4
tcatttttcc tccaaacgcc gtagc 25
<210> 5
<211> 33
<212> DNA
<213> 重组载体的构建的正向引物
<400> 5
tcccccggga tgactaccac tgggacactc aag 33
<210> 6
<211> 31
<212> DNA
<213> 重组载体的构建反向引物
<400> 6
cgagctctca tttttctcca aacgccgtag c 31
<210> 7
<211> 20
<212> DNA
<213> AhLPAAT1 基因特异正向引物
<400> 7
cttcgggcta ggacgagaat 20
<210> 8
<211> 20
<212> DNA
<213> AhLPAAT1 基因特异反向引物
<400> 8
atgggctgtt gtttgtgatg 20
<210> 9
<211> 20
<212> DNA
<213> 内参基因Beta Actin(At2g37620)正向引物
<400> 9
acgaccagca agatcaagac 20
<210> 10
<211> 21
<212> DNA
<213> 内参基因Beta Actin(At2g37620)反向引物
<400> 10
ccctgctatg tatgtggcta t 21
<210> 11
<211> 33
<212> DNA
<213> 酶切位点EcoR I 和Xho I 的PCR正向引物
<400> 11
cggaattcaa tcgtacagag gcaaaggatc gag 33
<210> 12
<211> 34
<212> DNA
<213> 酶切位点EcoR I 和Xho I 的PCR反向引物
<400> 12
ccgctcgagt catttttcct ccaaacgccg tagc 34
Claims (9)
1. 一种花生溶血磷脂酸酰基转移酶AhLPAAT1基因的核苷酸序列,其特征在于,所述的核苷酸序列含有SEQ ID NO:1 所示的核苷酸序列或与其互补的核苷酸序列。
2. 一种蛋白,其特征在于,所述的蛋白的氨基酸序列如SEQ ID NO:2所示。
3. 一种载体,其特征在于,所述的载体含有权利要求1所述的核苷酸序列。
4. 一种含根据权利要求3所述的载体的重组细胞。
5. 一种转基因植物,其特征在于,所述转基因植物转化有根据权利要求1所述的核苷酸序列,或根据权利要求2所述的氨基酸序列,或根据权利要求3所述的载体,或感染有根据权利要求4所述的重组细胞。
6. 一种根据权利要求1所述的核苷酸序列、根据权利要求2所述的氨基酸序列、根据权利要求3所述的载体或根据权利要求4的重组细胞在改变植物组织中的应用。
7. 一种根据权利要求1所述的核苷酸序列、根据权利要求2所述的氨基酸序列、根据权利要求3所述的载体或根据权利要求4的重组细胞在制备转基因植物或用于植物育种中的应用。
8. 一种改变植物种子脂肪酸含量及成分,并提高种子多聚不饱和脂肪酸比例的方法,其特征在于,所述方法包括将权利要求1的核苷酸序列或权利要求3的载体转化入植物,或包括用权利要求4的重组细胞感染植物。
9. 一种改变植物组织或培养细胞的脂肪酸含量及成分,产生具有较高多聚不饱和脂肪酸比例的转基因植物,或转基因愈伤组织组织,或转基因细胞的方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:
S1. 将权利要求1的核苷酸序列和/或权利要求3的载体转化入植物组织或细胞,或用感染有权利要求4的重组细胞感染植物组织或细胞;
S2. 利用所述植物组织或细胞再生转基因植物;
所述植物包括双子叶植物、单子叶植物及藻类植物,特别是拟南芥、花生、大豆、油菜、油茶、麻疯树、芝麻、向日葵、橄榄、玉米、水稻、小麦、油藻。
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