A kind of new polyurethane foam automobile cushion
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical field of auto parts machinery, a kind of flexible polyurethane foams automobile cushion is particularly provided.
Background technology
As everyone knows, flexible polyurethane foams be use polyisocyanates and high molecular, the compound of isocyanate reaction does not react and obtains under the existence of whipping agent.And flexible polyurethane foams is widely used in the manufacture of automobile cushion because of its excellent shock-absorbing capacity.
Along with disconnected pursuit of Ji that the flatly disconnected development of Ji of automotive industry and people improve for automobile quality, for the requirement of auto parts machinery material, also day by day improve.And for automobile cushion, for vehicle drive economy and navigating mate and seat, take advantage of personal security, many-sided consideration such as comfortable, for having proposed many-sided requirement as the raw-material flexible polyurethane foams of cushion, for example, first, require it to there is alap density, to control the weight of vehicle entirety; The second, wish that it can have soft sense of touch, also to avoid viscid sensation simultaneously as far as possible; The 3rd, for the human viscera organ's that fits resonant frequency, generally need to reduce polyurethane foam resonant frequency, to obtain the comfortable sensation of taking; The 4th, wish that it can have higher permeability, to avoid driver and crew to occur cannot shedding the problem of heat and moisture; The 5th, for driver and crew's safety, also need it to there is excellent flame retardant properties.
But, some requires conflicting often again above, for example, want to reduce density and just often will sacrifice certain endurance quality, and be also difficult to meet the requirement of vibration performance and flexible touch, and for fear of human body weight, cover the sense of subsiding causing, also to be designed to guarantee that polyurethane foamed material has enough intensity, make the permeability of material poor, the permeability that will obtain in addition, also likely causes deterioration of vibration performance etc.
For these reasons, wish further to improve the performance of polyurethane foamed material, for this reason, develop a kind of low density, there is flexible touch, have new polyurethane foam materials of excellent vibration performance and permeability and preparation method thereof simultaneously concurrently, for auto parts machinery industry and whole car industry, have important researching value and wide application prospect.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is to provide a kind of low density, has excellent vibration performance, weather resistance and permeability concurrently and use safe new polyurethane foam materials and the automobile cushion of preparation thereof simultaneously.
It is using polyurethane foamed material elastic layer as automobile cushion after cutting, is coated respectively nonwoven layer and leather layer on its surface, between each layer, by adhesive bond, forms.
Wherein, described polyurethane foamed material is to make under the polyhydric alcohol composition condition that polymeric polyisocyanate does not exist at catalyzer, whipping agent, foam stabilizer, fire retardant, the flexible polyurethane foams that reaction obtains, specifically by ready raw material, according to the order of addition(of ingredients) of polyhydric alcohol composition, catalyzer, foam stabilizer, whipping agent, fire retardant, polymeric polyisocyanate, each raw material is progressively added in mixing vessel, limit is reinforced, limit stirs, and the temperature of the foaming stock solution mixing is maintained to 30 ℃; By the preheating temperature to 50 of foaming mould ℃, under atmospheric pressure the foaming stock solution mixing is injected subsequently to the die cavity of foaming mould, after injection completes, start immediately foaming, sclerosis, and implement instant release of pressure after foaming 90s, make the pressure decreased 0.1MPa in die cavity; After foaming finishes, the foam material obtaining is placed to 24h and obtain final polyurethane foamed material.
Described polyhydric alcohol composition is comprised of (A) polyethylene glycol-ester block copolymer, (B) ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymer, (C) polyoxyethylene glycol, and in 100 weight part polyhydric alcohol compositions, (A) polyethylene glycol-ester block copolymer is 40-50 part, (B) ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymer is 40-50 part, and (C) polyoxyethylene glycol is 5-10 part;
In described (A) polyethylene glycol-ester block copolymer, average functional group number is 3-4, and hydroxyl value is 40-50mgKOH/g, and the weight content of polyester block is 25-35%;
In described (B) ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymer, average functional group number is 2-3, and hydroxyl value is 100-200mgKOH/g, and the weight content of oxyethane is 30-40%;
In described (C) polyoxyethylene glycol, average functional group number is 3-4, and hydroxyl value is 400-500mgKOH/g;
Described polymeric polyisocyanate is mixed by tolylene diisocyanate (D) and diphenylmethanediisocyanate (E), wherein the weight content of tolylene diisocyanate is 30-50%, NCO base not active hydrogen base equivalence ratio is 0.8-1.0, and in 100 weight part polyhydric alcohol compositions, polyisocyanate compounds is 100-120 part;
Described catalyzer is stannous octoate, and in 100 weight part polyhydric alcohol compositions, stannous octoate is 0.5-1.5 part;
Described whipping agent is water, and in 100 weight part polyhydric alcohol compositions, water is 4-6 part;
Described foam stabilizer is polysiloxane surfactant, and in 100 weight part polyhydric alcohol compositions, polysiloxane surfactant is 0.5-1 part;
Described fire retardant is the mixture of condensed phosphoric acid esters (F) and melamine resin (G), and wherein the ratio of the two is 2:3, and in 100 weight part polyhydric alcohol compositions, fire retardant is 10-15 part.
Advantage of the present invention is, optimized the feed composition of polyurethane foam material, by cooperatively interacting of each material composition, obtain low density, had excellent vibration performance and permeability concurrently and use safe new polyurethane foam materials simultaneously, and by suitable complete processing, be prepared as the automobile cushion of excellent performance.
Embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, describe content of the present invention in detail.
According to the foaming stock solution composition proportion described in table 1, batching is prepared raw material, then according to the order of addition(of ingredients) of polyhydric alcohol composition, catalyzer, foam stabilizer, water, fire retardant, polymeric polyisocyanate, each raw material is progressively added in mixing vessel, limit is reinforced, limit stirs, and the temperature of the foaming stock solution mixing is maintained to 30 ℃; By the preheating temperature to 50 of foaming mould ℃, under atmospheric pressure the foaming stock solution mixing is injected subsequently to the die cavity of foaming mould, after injection completes, start immediately foaming, sclerosis, and implement instant release of pressure after foaming 90s, make the pressure decreased 0.1MPa in die cavity; After foaming finishes, the foam material obtaining is placed to 24h and obtain final polyurethane foamed material.The properties that test obtains is referring to table 1.
Table 1
Above embodiment 1-3 and comparative example 1#-5# test, ventilation property, theoretical density, damp and hot compression set adopt JIS K6400 method, resonant frequency, resonance multiplying power adopt JACOB407 method, and after flame retardant resistance evaluation adopts flame calcination 30s ignition-material, material is from the time of putting out.
Polyethylene glycol-ester block copolymer all has material impact for the foaminess of polyurethane foamed material in the present invention, intensity, ventilation property etc., in order to guarantee enough foaminess and intensity, its weight part at least should reach 40 parts, and for fear of the inhibition for bubble connectionization to obtain excellent permeability, require its content Ji will exceed 50 parts.Meanwhile, preferably the weight content of its polyester block, between 25-35%, exceedes the 35% hydrolysis property variation that can cause system, lower than 25% Ji can effectively bring into play the excellent breathability of polyethylene glycol-ester block copolymer.In addition, in order to obtain better intensity and weather resistance, should guarantee that its average functional group number is greater than 3, hydroxyl value is greater than 40mgKOH/g, and average functional group's number and hydroxyl value Ji should be excessive, otherwise can reduce extension property etc.
Ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymer can active balance system permeability and vibration performance, in order to bring into play its effect, its content at least should reach 40 parts, but for fear of too much increase setting time, should control its content and be less than 50 parts.Meanwhile, in order to obtain excellent permeability, wish that the content of its oxyethane is at least 40%, but too much ethylene oxide content can cause the tendency of independent whipability too high, and cause the deterioration of extension property, ventilation property etc.In addition, be proof strength and weather resistance, should make its average functional group number be greater than 2, hydroxyl value is greater than 100mgKOH/g, and average functional group's number and hydroxyl value Ji should be excessive, otherwise can reduce extension property, extend setting time etc.
Polyoxyethylene glycol has higher separated foam tendency, improves the weather resistance of system, and for bringing into play above-mentioned effect, the content of polyoxyethylene glycol at least should be 5 parts, but its content also Ji should be too high, otherwise can cause the deterioration of extension property, ventilation property.Meanwhile, its average functional group number is more than 3, and hydroxyl value can improve intensity and weather resistance more than 400mgKOH/g, and average functional group's number and hydroxyl value Ji should be excessive, otherwise can reduce extension property, extends setting time etc.
For guarantee system has enough intensity and endurance quality and good vibration performance, in polymeric polyisocyanate, the content of tolylene diisocyanate should be at least 30%, but from environment equal angles, consider that therefore the use tolylene diisocyanate of preferably trying one's best few is controlled its content and be 50% and think.In addition,, when meeting 2,4 toluene diisocyanate/2, during 6-tolylene diisocyanate=2:1, material has more excellent permeability.
In foam stabilizer, select L626 type silicone oil can obtain the effect of obvious bubble connectionization, thereby without excessive physical disturbance with produce continuous air bubbles, to avoid the destruction of foam interior, for bringing into play its effect, its addition should exceed 0.02 part, but its addition must strictly be controlled, otherwise may cause bubble homogeneity variation, thus the weather resistance of reduction foam materials etc.
In order to bring into play enough fire retardations, the content of fire retardant should exceed 10 parts, but its content Ji can be too high, otherwise can cause the deterioration of the performances such as the intensity, rebound resilience of material system.Find, the composite fire retardant of condensed phosphoric acid esters and melamine resin can be brought into play fire retardation to greatest extent, and preferably its ratio is 2:3 simultaneously.
The polyurethane foamed material that the present invention is prepared is cut to specified dimension, then respectively on its surface with the coated nonwoven layer of binding agent and leather layer, can obtain the present invention and have the automobile cushion of excellent properties.