A kind of polyurethane foam automobile cushion
Technical field
The present invention relates to the technical field of auto parts machinery, a kind of flexible polyurethane foams automobile cushion is particularly provided.
Background technology
As everyone knows, flexible polyurethane foams uses polyisocyanates and high molecular, the compound of isocyanate reaction can not react in the presence of a blowing agent and obtain.And flexible polyurethane foams is widely used in the manufacture of automobile cushion because of the shock-absorbing capacity of its excellence.
Along with automotive industry flatly break Ji that development and people improve for automotive quality of Ji to break pursuit, the requirement for auto parts machinery material also improves day by day.And for automobile cushion, personal security, many-sided consideration such as comfortable is taken advantage of for vehicle drive economy and navigating mate and seat, many-sided requirement is proposed for as the raw-material flexible polyurethane foams of cushion, such as, first, require that it has alap density, to control the weight of entire vehicle; The second, wish that it can have soft sense of touch, also will avoid viscid sensation simultaneously as far as possible; 3rd, in order to the resonant frequency of the human viscera organ that fits, generally need to reduce polyurethane foam resonant frequency, comfortable take sensation to obtain; 4th, wish that it can have higher permeability, the problem of occur to avoid driver and crew shedding heat and moisture; 5th, in order to the safety of driver and crew, also need it to have excellent flame retardant properties.
But, some requires conflicting often again above, such as, want to reduce density and just often will sacrifice certain endurance quality, and be also difficult to the requirement meeting vibration performance and flexible touch, and cover the sense of subsiding caused in order to avoid human body weight, also to be designed to ensure that polyurethane foamed material has enough intensity, make the permeability of material poor, the permeability that will obtain in addition, also likely deterioration causing vibration performance etc.
For these reasons, wish the performance improving polyurethane foamed material further, for this reason, develop a kind of low density, there is flexible touch, have the vibration performance of excellence and the new polyurethane foam materials of permeability and preparation method thereof simultaneously concurrently, have important researching value and wide application prospect for auto parts machinery industry and whole car industry.
Summary of the invention
Namely object of the present invention is to provide a kind of low density, the vibration performance simultaneously having excellence concurrently, weather resistance and permeability and the automobile cushion of the new polyurethane foam materials of use safety and preparation thereof.
It is using polyurethane foamed material elastic layer as automobile cushion after cutting, at its surface coated nonwoven layer and leather layer respectively, is formed between each layer by adhesive bond.
Wherein, described polyurethane foamed material be make polyhydric alcohol composition not polymeric polyisocyanate under catalyzer, whipping agent, foam stabilizer, fire retardant existent condition, the flexible polyurethane foams be obtained by reacting, specifically by ready raw material, according to the order of addition(of ingredients) of polyhydric alcohol composition, catalyzer, foam stabilizer, whipping agent, fire retardant, polymeric polyisocyanate, each raw material is progressively added in mixing vessel, feed in raw material in limit, while stir, the temperature of the foaming stock solution mixed is maintained 30 DEG C; By the preheating temperature to 50 of foaming mould DEG C, under atmospheric pressure the foaming stock solution mixed is injected the die cavity of foaming mould subsequently, start foaming, sclerosis after injection completes immediately, and implement instant release of pressure after foaming 90s, make the pressure in die cavity reduce 0.1MPa; After foaming terminates, the foam material obtained is placed 24h and obtains final polyurethane foamed material.
Described polyhydric alcohol composition is made up of (A) polyethylene glycol-ester block copolymer, (B) ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymer, (C) polyoxyethylene glycol, and in 100 parts by weight of polyol alcohol compositions, (A) polyethylene glycol-ester block copolymer is 40-50 part, (B) ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymer is 40-50 part, and (C) polyoxyethylene glycol is 5-10 part;
In described (A) polyethylene glycol-ester block copolymer, average functional group number is 3-4, and hydroxyl value is 40-50mgKOH/g, and the weight content of polyester block is 25-35%;
In described (B) ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymer, average functional group number is 2-3, and hydroxyl value is 100-200mgKOH/g, and the weight content of oxyethane is 30-40%;
In described (C) polyoxyethylene glycol, average functional group number is 3-4, and hydroxyl value is 400-500mgKOH/g;
Described polymeric polyisocyanate is mixed by tolylene diisocyanate (D) and diphenylmethanediisocyanate (E), wherein the weight content of tolylene diisocyanate is 30-50%, NCO base not active hydrogen base equivalence ratio is 0.8-1.0, and in 100 parts by weight of polyol alcohol compositions, polyisocyanate compounds is 100-120 part;
Described catalyzer is stannous octoate, and in 100 parts by weight of polyol alcohol compositions, stannous octoate is 0.5-1.5 part;
Described whipping agent is water, and in 100 parts by weight of polyol alcohol compositions, water is 4-6 part;
Described foam stabilizer is polysiloxane surfactant, and in 100 parts by weight of polyol alcohol compositions, polysiloxane surfactant is 0.5-1 part;
Described fire retardant is the mixture of condensed phosphoric acid esters (F) and melamine resin (G), and wherein the ratio of the two is 2:3, and in 100 parts by weight of polyol alcohol compositions, fire retardant is 10-15 part.
Namely advantage of the present invention is, optimize the feed composition of polyurethane foam material, by cooperatively interacting of each material composition, obtain low density, the vibration performance simultaneously having excellence concurrently and permeability and the new polyurethane foam materials of use safety, and be prepared as the automobile cushion of excellent performance by suitable complete processing.
Embodiment
Content of the present invention is described in detail below by specific embodiment.
According to the foaming stock solution composition proportion described in table 1, batching prepares raw material, then according to the order of addition(of ingredients) of polyhydric alcohol composition, catalyzer, foam stabilizer, water, fire retardant, polymeric polyisocyanate, each raw material is progressively added in mixing vessel, feed in raw material in limit, while stir, the temperature of the foaming stock solution mixed is maintained 30 DEG C; By the preheating temperature to 50 of foaming mould DEG C, under atmospheric pressure the foaming stock solution mixed is injected the die cavity of foaming mould subsequently, start foaming, sclerosis after injection completes immediately, and implement instant release of pressure after foaming 90s, make the pressure in die cavity reduce 0.1MPa; After foaming terminates, the foam material obtained is placed 24h and obtains final polyurethane foamed material.The properties that test obtains is see table 1.
Table 1
Above embodiment 1-3 and comparative example 1#-5# test, ventilation property, theoretical density, damp and hot compression set adopt JISK6400 method, resonant frequency, resonance multiplying power adopt JACOB407 method, and after flame retardant resistance evaluation adopts flame calcination 30s ignition-material, material is from the time of putting out.
Polyethylene glycol-ester block copolymer all has material impact for the foaminess, intensity, ventilation property etc. of polyurethane foamed material in the present invention, in order to ensure enough foaminess and intensity, its weight part at least should reach 40 parts, and in order to avoid the suppression for bubble connectionization is to obtain excellent permeability, then require that its content Ji will more than 50 parts.Meanwhile, preferably the weight content of its polyester block is between 25-35%, and the hydrolysis property of system can be caused more than 35% to be deteriorated, lower than 25% then Ji effectively can play the excellent breathability of polyethylene glycol-ester block copolymer.In addition, in order to obtain better intensity and weather resistance, should ensure that its average functional group number is greater than 3, hydroxyl value is greater than 40mgKOH/g, and average functional group number and hydroxyl value Ji should be excessive, otherwise can reduce extension property etc.
Ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymer can the permeability of active balance system and vibration performance, and in order to play its effect, its content at least should reach 40 parts, but in order to avoid too much increasing setting time, should control its content and being less than 50 parts.Meanwhile, in order to obtain excellent permeability, wish that the content of its oxyethane is at least 40%, but too much ethylene oxide content can cause the tendency of independent whipability too high, and causing the deterioration of extension property, ventilation property etc.In addition, be proof strength and weather resistance, its average functional group number should be made to be greater than 2, and hydroxyl value is greater than 100mgKOH/g, and average functional group number and hydroxyl value Ji should be excessive, otherwise can reduce extension property, extends setting time etc.
Polyoxyethylene glycol has higher separated foam tendency, and improve the weather resistance of system, for playing above-mentioned effect, the content of polyoxyethylene glycol at least should be 5 parts, but its content also Ji should be too high, otherwise the deterioration of extension property, ventilation property can be caused.Meanwhile, its average functional group number is more than 3, and hydroxyl value can improve intensity and weather resistance at more than 400mgKOH/g, and average functional group number and hydroxyl value Ji should be excessive, otherwise can reduce extension property, extends setting time etc.
For guarantee system has enough intensity and endurance quality and good vibration performance, in polymeric polyisocyanate, the content of tolylene diisocyanate should be at least 30%, but angularly consider from environment, preferably as far as possible few use tolylene diisocyanate, therefore controlling its content is 50% to think.In addition, when meeting 2,4 toluene diisocyanate/2, during 6-tolylene diisocyanate=2:1, material has more excellent permeability.
Select L626 type silicone oil can obtain the effect of obvious bubble connectionization in foam stabilizer, thus destroy without the need to excessive mechanical to produce continuous air bubbles, to avoid the destruction of foam interior, for playing its effect, its addition should more than 0.02 part, but its addition must strictly control, otherwise bubble uniformity may be caused to be deteriorated, thus reduces the weather resistance etc. of foam materials.
In order to play enough fire retardations, the content of fire retardant should more than 10 parts, but its content Ji can be too high, otherwise can cause the deterioration of the performance such as intensity, rebound resilience of material system.Find, condensed phosphoric acid esters and the composite fire retardant of melamine resin can play fire retardation to greatest extent, and preferably its ratio is 2:3 simultaneously.
Polyurethane foamed material the present invention prepared is cut to specified dimension, then respectively at the coated nonwoven layer of its surface binding agent and leather layer, can obtain the automobile cushion that the present invention has excellent properties.