CN103710545B - Particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material recovery process - Google Patents
Particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material recovery process Download PDFInfo
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- CN103710545B CN103710545B CN201310734207.7A CN201310734207A CN103710545B CN 103710545 B CN103710545 B CN 103710545B CN 201310734207 A CN201310734207 A CN 201310734207A CN 103710545 B CN103710545 B CN 103710545B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material recovery process, belong to aluminum matrix composite technical field.This technique mainly adopts melting mixing salt and particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material waste material melt directly to react, and melting mixing salt is by halogen salt KCl, NaCl, K
3alF
6form by a certain percentage.KCl, NaCl, K
3alF
6the melting mixing salt of composition has lower fusing point, temperature of reaction can be controlled in lower scope.Under lower smelting temperature, enhanced granule and metallic matrix interface, by appearance de-profit phenomenon, add that melting mixing salt has stronger skimming property and affinability, can effectively enhanced granule be separated from metallic matrix.The present invention adopts argon gas protection in melting reaction process, effectively reduces the scaling loss of valuable metal.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material recovery process, belong to aluminum matrix composite technical field.
Background technology
Particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material is the novel material most in metal-base composites with industrial applicability prospect, has not only had both intensity and the modulus of the excellent in toughness of metal, plasticity and pottery, can also continue to use traditional metal material moulding and complete processing.Therefore large quantity research has done to the recombining process of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material and material property in a lot of country, and its performance and technique progressively move to maturity.Along with the impact of the matrix material target of sustainable development such as practical and resource recoverable, environmental protection consciousness on a large scale, the recovery of metal-base composites, regeneration one of focus becoming research.
According to the preparation method of particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material, in principle, metal and alloy can refusion regenerations as the matrix of matrix material.But in reflow process, the surface reaction that reinforcement and matrix will occur to a certain degree.Through the long soak of remelting, the high temperature oxide layer on enhanced granule surface will react with aluminum substrate, and enhanced granule itself also will react with matrix alloy, and this, by changing the structure of metallic matrix, affects the performance of matrix material.Meanwhile, the performance of matrix material is relevant with the alloying constituent of matrix, and some alloying element can decline after remelting, and the performance of matrix material also can along with decline.
When particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material waste material can not regenerate, or be mingled with containing more harmful element and other compounds after using, when directly can not obtain the matrix material of excellent property after re melting process, particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material can be considered to be separated.Enhanced granule, as the second-phase in aluminum matrix composite, can remove enhanced granule by the method for flux-refining, and the metallic matrix of removing enhanced granule will become valuable metal again.
Want the enhanced granule removed in metallic matrix, flux-refining agent must have skimming property and affinability preferably, and namely surface tension must be little.Single salt is difficult to possess excellent processing performance, and usually has lower fusing point after mixing salt fusing, and the salt with identical negatively charged ion can also form sosoloid, cocrystalization compound.Special in halogen salt, while low melting point, also there is lower surface tension, so multiple halogen salt can the excellent flux-refining agent of component property.Under lower temperature of fusion, the wettability between enhanced granule and metallic matrix reduces, and is more conducive to enhanced granule to be separated from metallic matrix.
In sum, in particulate reinforced composite field, need to invent a kind of technique being separated enhanced granule and metallic matrix.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to avoid in particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material reflow process, through long soak, the high temperature oxide layer on enhanced granule surface and particle itself react with metallic matrix, cause the structure of metallic matrix, form the weak point changed, propose a kind of method being separated matrix material enhanced granule and metallic matrix, make particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material be recycled the technique of recycling.
According to technical scheme provided by the invention, particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material recovery process, step is:
(1) waste material washing: get pending matrix material, with alkali liquid washing, wash temperature is 30-80 DEG C, pH is 8-13; Then residual alkali lye is washed away with pure water;
(2) fragmentation is dried: stoving oven sent into by the matrix material got after step (1) washing, at 150-200 DEG C, carry out oven dry 1-3h; After oven dry completes, carry out break process to the matrix material after drying, diameter control is till being crushed to 20-100 order;
(3) mixing salt preparation: get KCl and NaCl, wherein KCl:NaCl mass ratio is 0.8-1.2:1; Two kinds of salt are mixed, and then adds the K3AlF6 of 5%-10% of two kinds of salt total masses, mix rear stand-by; Above-mentioned mixing salt is heated to 680-720 DEG C, and insulation 10-40min, obtains melting salt, stand-by;
(4) melting is separated: the matrix material after the fragmentation obtain step (2) joins step (3) and prepares in gained melting salt, matrix material: melting salt mass ratio is 1:0.1-0.3, stirring reaction makes matrix material melt completely, fully stirs 15-45min, removes the slag of bath surface; In fusing and whipping process, be filled with argon gas protection;
(5) cast: get after step (4) gained mixture leaves standstill 1-5 minute, cast when 650-680 DEG C, can recovery process be completed.
Described matrix material is particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material.
The present invention mainly adopts the strongthener in molte-salt synthesis removing particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material, and melting salt is by halogen salt KCl, NaCl, K
3alF
6form by a certain percentage.Adopt melting mixing salt and particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material waste material melt direct reaction in the present invention, reaction process adopts protective atmosphere to protect, to reduce the scaling loss of valuable metal.Matrix material waste material should carry out pre-treatment before use, adds in fused salt again and melt after impurity elimination, oven dry, fragmentation.
Beneficial effect of the present invention: the present invention adopts melting salt to be separated enhanced granule and metallic matrix, reaches the object reclaiming aluminum matrix composite waste material.Compared with direct remelting, do not need at high temperature long-time heat preservation, so valuable element loss is less in metallic matrix.Enhanced granule is removed from metallic matrix, directly avoids enhanced granule and the reaction between surface oxide layer and metallic matrix thereof, make the metallic matrix still utility value after reclaiming.
The present invention adopts KCl, NaCl, K
3alF
6mixed melting salt has comparatively low melting point, stronger skimming property and affinability, compared with other refining agents, has better mobility, easilier enhanced granule is separated from metallic matrix.
The present invention adopts protective atmosphere, protects, substantially increase the rate of recovery of valuable metal element to fusing and whipping process.
Recovery process proposed by the invention is simple, quick, has the features such as large to matrix material waste disposal amount, reproduction speed is fast.
In sum, the present invention has very high feasibility and significant superiority in particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material recovery.Achieve and recycling is carried out to particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material, there is huge social value and economic worth.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material recovery process, step is:
(1) waste material washing: get pending matrix material, with alkali liquid washing, wash temperature is 30 DEG C, and pH is 13; Then residual alkali lye is washed away with pure water;
(2) fragmentation is dried: stoving oven sent into by the matrix material got after step (1) washing, at 150-200 DEG C, carry out oven dry 1h; After oven dry completes, carry out break process to the matrix material after drying, diameter control is till being crushed to 20 orders;
(3) mixing salt preparation: get KCl and NaCl, wherein KCl:NaCl mass ratio is 0.8:1; Two kinds of salt are mixed, and then add two kinds of salt total masses 5% K3AlF6, mix rear stand-by; Above-mentioned mixing salt is heated to 680 DEG C, and insulation 40min, obtains melting salt, stand-by;
(4) melting is separated: the matrix material after the fragmentation obtain step (2) joins step (3) and prepares in gained melting salt, matrix material: melting salt mass ratio is 1:0.1, stirring reaction makes matrix material melt completely, fully stirs 15min, removes the slag of bath surface; In fusing and whipping process, be filled with argon gas protection;
(5) cast: get step (4) gained mixture and leave standstill after 1 minute, cast 650 DEG C time, can recovery process be completed.
Described matrix material is particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material.
Embodiment 2
Particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material recovery process, step is:
(1) waste material washing: get pending matrix material, with alkali liquid washing, wash temperature is 80 DEG C, and pH is 8; Then residual alkali lye is washed away with pure water;
(2) fragmentation is dried: stoving oven sent into by the matrix material got after step (1) washing, at 200 DEG C, carry out oven dry 1h; After oven dry completes, carry out break process to the matrix material after drying, diameter control is till being crushed to 100 orders;
(3) mixing salt preparation: get KCl and NaCl, wherein KCl:NaCl mass ratio is 1.2:1; Two kinds of salt are mixed, and then add two kinds of salt total masses 10% K3AlF6, mix rear stand-by; Above-mentioned mixing salt is heated to 720 DEG C, and insulation 10min, obtains melting salt, stand-by;
(4) melting is separated: the matrix material after the fragmentation obtain step (2) joins step (3) and prepares in gained melting salt, matrix material: melting salt mass ratio is 1:0.3, stirring reaction makes matrix material melt completely, fully stirs 15min, removes the slag of bath surface; In fusing and whipping process, be filled with argon gas protection;
(5) cast: get step (4) gained mixture and leave standstill after 5 minutes, cast 650 DEG C time, can recovery process be completed.
Described matrix material is particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material.
Embodiment 3
Particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material recovery process, step is:
(1) waste material washing: get pending matrix material, with alkali liquid washing, wash temperature is 50 DEG C, and pH is 11; Then residual alkali lye is washed away with pure water;
(2) fragmentation is dried: stoving oven sent into by the matrix material got after step (1) washing, at 180 DEG C, carry out oven dry 2h; After oven dry completes, carry out break process to the matrix material after drying, diameter control is till being crushed to 20-100 order;
(3) mixing salt preparation: get KCl and NaCl, wherein KCl:NaCl mass ratio is 1.0:1; Two kinds of salt are mixed, and then add two kinds of salt total masses 7% K3AlF6, mix rear stand-by; Above-mentioned mixing salt is heated to 700 DEG C, and insulation 20min, obtains melting salt, stand-by;
(4) melting is separated: the matrix material after the fragmentation obtain step (2) joins step (3) and prepares in gained melting salt, matrix material: melting salt mass ratio is 1:0.2, stirring reaction makes matrix material melt completely, fully stirs 30min, removes the slag of bath surface; In fusing and whipping process, be filled with argon gas protection;
(5) cast: get step (4) gained mixture and leave standstill after 3 minutes, cast 670 DEG C time, can recovery process be completed.
Described matrix material is particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material.
Claims (1)
1. particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material recovery process, is characterized in that step is:
(1) waste material washing: get pending matrix material, with alkali liquid washing, wash temperature is 30-80 DEG C, pH is 8-13; Then residual alkali lye is washed away with pure water;
(2) fragmentation is dried: stoving oven sent into by the matrix material got after step (1) washing, at 150-200 DEG C, carry out oven dry 1-3h; After oven dry completes, carry out break process to the matrix material after drying, diameter control is till being crushed to 20-100 order;
(3) mixing salt preparation: get KCl and NaCl, wherein KCl:NaCl mass ratio is 0.8-1.2:1; Two kinds of salt are mixed, and then adds the K3AlF6 of 5%-10% of two kinds of salt total masses, mix rear stand-by; Above-mentioned mixing salt is heated to 680-720 DEG C, and insulation 10-40min, obtains melting salt, stand-by;
(4) melting is separated: the matrix material after the fragmentation obtain step (2) joins step (3) and prepares in gained melting salt, matrix material: melting salt mass ratio is 1:0.1-0.3, stirring reaction makes matrix material melt completely, fully stirs 15-45min, removes the slag of bath surface; In fusing and whipping process, be filled with argon gas protection;
(5) cast: get after step (4) gained mixture leaves standstill 1-5 minute, cast when 650-680 DEG C, can recovery process be completed;
Described matrix material is particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material.
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| CN201310734207.7A CN103710545B (en) | 2013-12-27 | 2013-12-27 | Particle enhanced aluminum-based composite material recovery process |
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| CN104498719A (en) * | 2014-12-17 | 2015-04-08 | 上海大学 | Method for extracting and purifying metal aluminum from eddy current separated materials of municipal refuse incinerator |
| CN112620612A (en) * | 2020-12-02 | 2021-04-09 | 南京理工大学 | Protective agent in aluminum alloy liquid forming packaging ceramic and preparation and use methods thereof |
| CN113563089A (en) * | 2021-07-23 | 2021-10-29 | 哈尔滨六方新材料科技有限公司 | Method for recovering nano ceramic particles in magnesium-based composite material |
| CN116377306A (en) * | 2023-04-21 | 2023-07-04 | 湖南湘投轻材科技股份有限公司 | Method for preparing castings by utilizing ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite waste |
| CN116640953B (en) * | 2023-05-17 | 2024-05-14 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Reutilization method of particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material waste |
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| JPS58144438A (en) * | 1982-02-18 | 1983-08-27 | Sumitomo Alum Smelt Co Ltd | Method of refining aluminum molten metal and apparatus therefor |
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| CN102925694A (en) * | 2012-10-19 | 2013-02-13 | 江苏大学 | Method for remelting in-situ particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material |
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| JPS58144438A (en) * | 1982-02-18 | 1983-08-27 | Sumitomo Alum Smelt Co Ltd | Method of refining aluminum molten metal and apparatus therefor |
| WO1991014009A1 (en) * | 1990-03-15 | 1991-09-19 | Alcan International Limited | Recycling of metal matrix composites |
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