CN116377306A - Method for preparing castings by utilizing ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite waste - Google Patents
Method for preparing castings by utilizing ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite waste Download PDFInfo
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- CN116377306A CN116377306A CN202310432914.4A CN202310432914A CN116377306A CN 116377306 A CN116377306 A CN 116377306A CN 202310432914 A CN202310432914 A CN 202310432914A CN 116377306 A CN116377306 A CN 116377306A
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- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 42
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 39
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000010786 composite waste Substances 0.000 title claims description 11
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 44
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000007514 turning Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 abstract description 25
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910000905 alloy phase Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002542 deteriorative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004100 electronic packaging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011156 metal matrix composite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
- B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
- B22D21/02—Casting exceedingly oxidisable non-ferrous metals, e.g. in inert atmosphere
- B22D21/04—Casting aluminium or magnesium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
The present application relates to a method for preparing castings from ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite scrap, the method comprising the steps of: removing impurities from the ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material waste, and then crushing to obtain crushed materials; adding the crushed aggregates into an aluminum-based material melt, heating until the crushed aggregates become a semisolid state, stirring and mixing uniformly to obtain slurry, and casting the slurry to form a casting. The method can realize the integral recovery of the ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material, the ceramic particles cannot be separated in the preparation process, the probability of forming a brittle phase by the reaction of the ceramic particles and an aluminum matrix is greatly reduced, and the prepared casting has good tensile strength, yield strength, elastic modulus and hardness after being subjected to wagon, homogenization, extrusion and heat treatment.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to an aluminum-based composite material, in particular to a method for preparing castings by utilizing ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material waste.
Background
The ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite combines the advantages of low density, high strength, high heat conductivity, wear resistance, high hardness, high modulus, high temperature resistance and the like of the aluminum alloy, has strong designability of material components, and is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, transportation, electronic packaging and the like. Along with the large-scale application of the ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite, the recycling of process materials and final product materials becomes a focus of social attention.
According to the stirring casting preparation method of the ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material (such as application number 2021112769236, namely a high-strength heat-resistant aluminum matrix composite material and a preparation method thereof), although the ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material to be recycled can be heated and melted in a protective atmosphere in principle and then recycled by stirring casting, the ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material needs to be subjected to long-time high-temperature heat preservation in the heating and melting process, which promotes the reaction of a high-temperature oxide layer on the surface of the reinforced particles and an aluminum matrix, the reinforced particles themselves also react with a matrix alloy, and the material structure is changed, and ceramic particles such as SiC, tiC and the like react with the interface of the aluminum matrix to form Al 4 C 3 Harmful phases such as Al 2 O 3 The particles change from ductile alpha type to brittle beta type, deteriorating the material properties. At the same time, the properties of the composite material are related to the alloy composition of the matrix, part of the alloying elementsThe content of Mg element and the like is obviously reduced after high-temperature remelting, and the performance of the composite material prepared by direct casting is also reduced. Therefore, this method is rarely applied.
At present, a common method for recycling the ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material is a molten salt treatment method, and the method adopts a molten mixed salt to react with a metal matrix composite material waste melt to separate an aluminum matrix from ceramic particles, so that the aluminum matrix is recycled. The preparation process of the particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material according to application number 2013107342077 comprises the following steps: the patent directly reacts the molten mixed salt with the ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material to enable the interface between the reinforced particles and the metal matrix to be dewetting, and then the reinforced body is separated from the aluminum matrix by utilizing the stronger slag skimming property and refining capability of the mixed salt to realize the recovery of the aluminum matrix. However, the method cannot realize the integral recovery of the composite material, and the aluminum matrix in the composite material needs to be recovered in the recycling process, and then ceramic particles are additionally added, so that the manufacturing cost is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on this, it is necessary to provide a method for preparing castings by using ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite waste materials, which can achieve the overall recycling of the composite materials and the prepared castings are excellent in performance.
A method for preparing castings by utilizing ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite waste, comprising the following steps:
providing ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite waste, removing impurities from the waste, and crushing to obtain crushed aggregates;
providing an aluminum-based material melt;
adding the crushed aggregates into the melt, heating the crushed aggregates to a semi-solid state at 720-760 ℃, and uniformly stirring and mixing to obtain slurry;
and casting the slurry to form a casting.
In one embodiment, the particle size of the chaff is 3mm to 5mm.
In one embodiment, the mass ratio of the melt to the scrap is > 1:1.
In one embodiment, the stirring speed is 500rpm to 1200rpm, and the stirring time is 10min to 30min.
In one embodiment, the stirring is performed in a smelting furnace, wherein a stirring device is arranged in the smelting furnace, and the ratio of the cross-sectional area covered by the stirring device to the cross-sectional area of the smelting furnace is greater than 1:2.
In one embodiment, inert gas is used for degassing during the stirring.
In one embodiment, the aluminum-based material melt is prepared by the following method:
providing an aluminum-based material ingot;
and after the aluminum-based material ingot is heated and melted, carrying out slag skimming, degassing and refining treatment to obtain an aluminum-based material melt.
In one embodiment, the casting is performed in a mold preheated to 300-400 ℃.
In one embodiment, the step of removing the impurities from the waste material specifically includes: and (3) sequentially performing alkali washing, water washing and drying on the waste.
In one embodiment, the step of casting the slurry further comprises the steps of railroad car, homogenizing, extruding, and heat treating.
According to the method for preparing the castings by utilizing the ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material waste, the waste is crushed and then directly added into the aluminum matrix material melt, the waste is wrapped by the melt, the heat can be quickly absorbed to be changed into a semi-solid state, the ceramic particles are prevented from falling off, the probability that the ceramic particles react with the aluminum matrix to form a brittle phase is greatly reduced, and the integral recycling of the waste is realized.
The casting prepared by the method has good tensile strength, yield strength, elastic modulus and hardness after being subjected to railway carriage, homogenization, extrusion and heat treatment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an ingot prepared in example 1;
FIG. 2 is an ingot prepared in example 2;
FIG. 3 is an ingot prepared in comparative example 1;
FIG. 4 is an ingot prepared in comparative example 2.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described more fully hereinafter in order to facilitate an understanding of the present invention, and preferred embodiments of the present invention are set forth. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and/or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
An embodiment method for preparing castings by using ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite waste material comprises the following steps S110 to S150:
s110, providing an aluminum-based material melt.
In this embodiment, the aluminum-based material melt may be prepared as follows:
s1101, providing an ingot of aluminum-based material.
In the present embodiment, the aluminum-based material ingot may be a raw aluminum ingot, an alloy ingot, a master alloy, or the like.
It will be appreciated that the composition of the ingot of aluminum-based material may be determined based on the composition of the desired casting and the composition of the added ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based composite scrap.
And S1102, after heating and melting the aluminum-based material ingot, carrying out slag skimming, degassing and refining treatment to obtain an aluminum-based material melt.
It should be noted that the aluminum-based material melt may also be prepared by other methods known in the art.
In the application, the aluminum-based material melt is used for supplementing components required by castings on one hand, and is used for wrapping broken ceramic particle reinforced aluminum-based composite material waste on the other hand, and the waste is always in a semi-solid state through control of heating temperature, stirring speed and stirring time, so that ceramic particles are prevented from being separated out to react with aluminum matrixes to generate brittle phases, and loss of alloy phases in the waste due to overhigh temperature is also prevented, and therefore performance of castings is influenced.
S120, providing ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite waste.
In this embodiment, the ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite scrap is derived from scrap produced by machining a ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite brake disk.
S130, removing impurities from the waste materials, and then crushing to obtain crushed materials.
In this embodiment, the steps of removing the waste material specifically include: and (5) sequentially performing alkali washing and water washing on the waste, and drying.
In this embodiment, the particle size of the crushed aggregates is 3mm to 5mm.
The particle size of the crushed aggregates is controlled to be 3-5 mm, so that the crushed aggregates are more favorable for being uniformly wrapped by a melt, and semi-solidification is realized rapidly.
And S140, adding the crushed aggregates into the melt, heating the crushed aggregates to be in a semi-solid state at 720-760 ℃, and uniformly stirring and mixing to obtain the slurry.
Wherein the mass ratio of the melt to the crushed aggregates is more than 1:1 so as to fully wrap the crushed aggregates by the melt. Preferably, the mass ratio of the melt to the crushed aggregates is 1.5:1-3.5:1.
In the embodiment, stirring is performed in a smelting furnace provided with a stirring device, wherein the ratio of the cross section area covered by the stirring device to the cross section area of the smelting furnace is larger than 1:2, so that sufficient stirring is realized in a short time, and the situation that the crushed aggregates are completely melted due to overlong stirring time, ceramic particles are separated out to react with an aluminum matrix interface, and the material performance is influenced is avoided. Preferably, the ratio of the cross-sectional area covered by the stirring device to the cross-sectional area of the smelting furnace is 3:5-4:5.
Further, the stirring speed is 500 rpm-1200 rpm, and the stirring time is 10 min-30 min.
By controlling the heating temperature, the stirring speed and the stirring time, the waste is always in a semi-solid state, so that ceramic particles are prevented from being separated out to react with an aluminum matrix to generate a brittle phase, and the loss of an alloy phase in the waste due to overhigh temperature is avoided, thereby influencing the performance of castings.
And S150, casting the slurry to obtain a casting.
In this embodiment, casting is performed in a mold preheated to 300 to 400 ℃.
In addition, according to the requirements of application scenes, steps including railroad car, homogenization, extrusion and heat treatment can be performed after the slurry is cast and formed.
Finally, it should be noted that steps S110 to S150 are only for convenience of description, and are not limiting to the order of steps.
The method can realize the integral recovery of the ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite material, and the prepared casting has good tensile strength, yield strength, elastic modulus and hardness after being subjected to turning, homogenization, extrusion and heat treatment.
The following are specific examples.
Example 1
Providing ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite waste, removing impurities from the waste, and crushing to obtain crushed aggregates with the particle size of 3-5 mm;
providing an aluminum melt;
adding the crushed aggregates into an aluminum melt, heating the crushed aggregates to a semi-solid state at 720-760 ℃, and uniformly stirring and mixing to obtain slurry; stirring is carried out in a smelting furnace, wherein the ratio of the cross section area covered by a stirring device in the smelting furnace to the cross section area of the smelting furnace is 3:5, the stirring speed is 500rpm, and the stirring time is 30min;
casting the slurry to obtain the casting.
After the casting is subjected to a wagon and homogenization treatment (the homogenization temperature is 545 ℃ and the homogenization time is 7 h), the cast ingot is as shown in figure 1, and the material is uniform and compact and has no cracks and holes.
Example 2
Providing ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite waste, removing impurities from the waste, and crushing to obtain crushed aggregates with the particle size of 3-5 mm;
providing an aluminum melt;
adding the crushed aggregates into an aluminum melt, heating the crushed aggregates to a semi-solid state at 720-760 ℃, and uniformly stirring and mixing to obtain slurry; stirring is carried out in a smelting furnace, the ratio of the cross-sectional area covered by a stirring device in the smelting furnace to the cross-sectional area of the smelting furnace is 4:5, the stirring speed is 1200rpm, and the stirring time is 10min;
casting the slurry to obtain the casting.
After the casting is subjected to a wagon and homogenization treatment (the homogenization temperature is 545 ℃ and the homogenization time is 7 h), the cast ingot is as shown in fig. 2, and the material is uniform and compact and has no cracks and holes.
Comparative example 1
Comparative example 1 was substantially the same as example 1 except that the ratio of the cross-sectional area covered by the stirring device in the melting furnace to the cross-sectional area of the melting furnace was 1:3.
As a result, it was found that in comparative example 1, since the cross-sectional area covered by the stirring device was too small relative to the cross-sectional area of the melting furnace, even though stirring was carried out at 1200rpm, the surrounding semi-solid scraps were difficult to stir uniformly, aggregation was likely to occur, shrinkage cavity was likely to occur during casting due to the large viscosity, poor fluidity and many pores at the aggregation site of the semi-solid scraps, and many pores were present at the edges of the ingot as shown in FIG. 3 after the casting was carried out by a railroad car and homogenization treatment (homogenization temperature 545 ℃ C., homogenization time 7 h).
Comparative example 2
Comparative example 2 was substantially the same as example 1 except that the particle size of the crushed aggregates in comparative example 2 was 10mm to 15mm.
As a result, it was found that since the particle diameter of the crushed aggregates was too large, the heat absorption efficiency of the outer portions of the crushed aggregates was higher than that of the inner portions, resulting in melting of the outer portions of the crushed aggregates and falling of the ceramic particles, while the inner portions were still solid, although the slurry was uniformly stirred, the gas in the slurry was difficult to thoroughly remove and the fluidity of the slurry during casting was inferior to that of example 1, and after the slab was subjected to a homogenization treatment (homogenization temperature 545 ℃ C., homogenization time 7 h), fine voids were formed in the ingot as shown in FIG. 4.
The ingots obtained in the above examples and comparative examples were extruded and heat treated under the following conditions: the extrusion temperature is 450 ℃, the die temperature is 360 ℃, the extrusion ratio is 7, and the extrusion rate is 1mm/s; the conditions of the heat treatment are as follows: the solid solution temperature is 545 ℃, the solid solution time is 1h, the aging temperature is 175 ℃, and the aging time is 8h. As a result, it was found that the ingots of examples 1 and 2 were extruded without cracks, and the ingots of comparative examples 1 and 2 were extruded with cracks.
The heat-treated extrudates were tested and the results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
The foregoing examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the invention and are described in detail herein without thereby limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention. Accordingly, the scope of protection of the present invention is to be determined by the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A method for preparing castings by utilizing ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite waste, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
providing ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite waste, removing impurities from the waste, and crushing to obtain crushed aggregates;
providing an aluminum-based material melt;
adding the crushed aggregates into the melt, heating the crushed aggregates to a semi-solid state at 720-760 ℃, and uniformly stirring and mixing to obtain slurry;
and casting the slurry to form a casting.
2. The method of producing castings according to claim 1, wherein the crushed aggregates have a particle size of 3mm to 5mm.
3. The method of making castings according to claim 1, wherein a mass ratio of said melt to said scrap pieces is > 1:1.
4. The method for preparing castings according to claim 1, wherein the stirring speed is 500rpm to 1200rpm and the stirring time is 10min to 30min.
5. The method for producing castings according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the stirring is performed in a smelting furnace in which a stirring device is provided, and a ratio of a cross-sectional area covered by the stirring device to a cross-sectional area of the smelting furnace is greater than 1:2.
6. The method of making castings according to claim 1, wherein inert gas is used for degassing during said stirring.
7. The method of preparing castings according to claim 1, wherein said aluminum-based material melt is prepared by the following method:
providing an aluminum-based material ingot;
and after the aluminum-based material ingot is heated and melted, carrying out slag skimming, degassing and refining treatment to obtain an aluminum-based material melt.
8. The method of making castings according to claim 1, wherein said casting is performed in a mold preheated to 300-400 ℃.
9. The method for preparing castings according to claim 1, wherein the step of removing impurities from the scrap is specifically: and (3) sequentially performing alkali washing, water washing and drying on the waste.
10. The method of making castings according to claim 1, wherein the step of casting the slurry into shape further includes the steps of turning a sheet, homogenizing, extruding, and heat treating.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202310432914.4A CN116377306A (en) | 2023-04-21 | 2023-04-21 | Method for preparing castings by utilizing ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite waste |
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| CN202310432914.4A CN116377306A (en) | 2023-04-21 | 2023-04-21 | Method for preparing castings by utilizing ceramic particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite waste |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN118086715A (en) * | 2024-04-28 | 2024-05-28 | 广州众山功能材料有限公司 | Preparation process of particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite based on recycled waste |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN118086715A (en) * | 2024-04-28 | 2024-05-28 | 广州众山功能材料有限公司 | Preparation process of particle reinforced aluminum matrix composite based on recycled waste |
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