CN103706897B - The electrical conductivity on-line measurement device and method of electrolyte in a kind of Electrolyzed Processing - Google Patents
The electrical conductivity on-line measurement device and method of electrolyte in a kind of Electrolyzed Processing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses the electrical conductivity on-line measurement device and method of electrolyte in a kind of Electrolyzed Processing, belong to electrolytic conductivity fields of measurement.The electrical conductivity on-line measurement device of electrolyte in a kind of Electrolyzed Processing of the present invention, comprise immersible pump, insulation tube, magnetic valve, conductivity sensor, conductivity measurement module and controller, described immersible pump is connected with magnetic valve by insulation tube, described magnetic valve is connected with conductivity sensor, described conductivity sensor is connected with conductivity measurement module, and described controller is connected with conductivity measurement module with immersible pump, magnetic valve respectively.The invention also discloses the electrical conductivity On-line Measuring Method of electrolyte in a kind of Electrolyzed Processing.The invention solves the problem of the electrical conductivity real-time online measuring of charged electrolyte in Electrolyzed Processing, provide innovative approach for accurately controlling the conductance of electrolyte in Electrolyzed Processing, thus the machining accuracy of Electrolyzed Processing can be improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of measurement mechanism and method of electrical conductivity, more particularly, relate to a kind of electrical conductivity on-line measurement device and method for electrolyte in the Electrolyzed Processing of non-traditional manufacture field.
Background technology
The processing that current machine-building uses can be divided into traditional machining and non-traditional processing.
Tradition machining is harder than workpiece material by cutter material, and utilizing mechanical energy material removal unnecessary on workpiece, is generally feasible.But when workpiece material is more and more hard, finished surface is more and more under complicated situation, traditional machining then can limit production rate and affect crudy, sometimes even cannot process; If the wall thickness of workpiece more and more little (wall thickness is less than 0.5 millimeter), because traditional machining exists the effect of mechanical force, be easy to damage workpiece to be machined, be difficult to processing tasks.
Non-traditional processing and the special process, realize, with the hard workpiece of soft tool processes, mainly adopting electricity, chemistry, light, sound and hot homenergic to process, and there is not significant machine cut power between instrument and workpiece in process.In special process method, spark machined precision is high, but working (machining) efficiency is low; The efficiency of Electrolyzed Processing is high, but machining accuracy is poor, the main cause of Electrolyzed Processing low precision is caused to be the instability of technological parameter in process, wherein the instability of electrolytic conductivity is the one of the main reasons affecting Electrolyzed Processing low precision, the how electrical conductivity of real-time online measuring electrolyte, and controlled, become the technical problem that those skilled in the art need solution badly.
Summary of the invention
1. invent the technical problem that will solve
The object of the invention is to overcome in existing Electrolyzed Processing, the electrical conductivity of electrolyte is difficult to the deficiency of accurate on-line measurement, the electrical conductivity on-line measurement device and method of electrolyte in a kind of Electrolyzed Processing is provided, adopt technical scheme of the present invention, solve the problem of the electrical conductivity real-time online measuring of charged electrolyte in Electrolyzed Processing, provide innovative approach for accurately controlling the conductance of electrolyte in Electrolyzed Processing, thus the machining accuracy of Electrolyzed Processing can be improved.
2. technical scheme
For achieving the above object, technical scheme provided by the invention is:
The electrical conductivity on-line measurement device of electrolyte in a kind of Electrolyzed Processing of the present invention, comprise immersible pump, insulation tube, magnetic valve, conductivity sensor, conductivity measurement module and controller, described immersible pump is connected with magnetic valve by insulation tube, described magnetic valve is connected with conductivity sensor, described conductivity sensor is connected with conductivity measurement module, and described controller is connected with conductivity measurement module with immersible pump, magnetic valve respectively.
Further, described conductivity sensor comprises right electrode pad, left electrode pad, sensor body and overflow pipe, described left electrode pad and right electrode pad are arranged at the left and right sides of sensor body respectively, the top of described sensor body connects overflow pipe, bottom connected electromagnetic valve, described left electrode pad is connected with conductivity measurement module respectively by the wiring point that it is arranged with right electrode pad.
Further, described sensor body is made up of polypropylene plastics pipe, its two ends, left and right are respectively provided with a step, described left electrode pad and right electrode pad glued joint in sensor body respectively by above-mentioned step, the bottom of described sensor body is provided with the gas thread for connected electromagnetic valve, and top is provided with the through hole for glueing joint with overflow pipe.
Further, described left electrode pad and the material of right electrode pad are graphite or stainless steel or titanium alloy or platinum; Described overflow pipe is made up of polypropylene soft pipe.
Further, described conductivity measurement module comprises voltage measuring apparatus, current measuring device and AC power, and described conductivity sensor, current measuring device and AC power are connected, for measuring the electric current flowing through conductivity sensor; Described conductivity sensor and voltage measuring apparatus parallel connection, for measuring the voltage at conductivity sensor two ends.
Further, described magnetic valve is pressure-less valve, and its operating pressure is 0.005MPa ~ 0.5MPa, and control voltage is 12V DC voltage, and valve material is 304 stainless steels or 316 stainless steels or 316SS stainless steel or 316L stainless steel.
Further, described controller is the time interval and sampling time adjustable time controller.
In a kind of Electrolyzed Processing of the present invention, the electrical conductivity On-line Measuring Method of electrolyte, the steps include:
(1) above-mentioned electrical conductivity on-line measurement device is installed in the electrolyte system of Electrolyzed Processing, makes immersible pump be in the electrolyte of electrolytic cell;
(2) controller controls according to certain time interval that immersible pump carries out work, magnetic valve opens, and the electrolyte in electrolytic cell is flow in conductivity sensor through insulation tube, and flows back in electrolytic cell by the overflow pipe of conductivity sensor;
(3) controller controls conductivity sensor and samples after a period of time, Controlling solenoid valve is closed, control immersible pump to quit work, the electrolyte insulation now in conductivity sensor, produces certain resistance between the left electrode pad of conductivity sensor and right electrode pad simultaneously;
(4) conductivity measurement module is measured the electrolytic conductivity in conductivity sensor.
Further, the measurement described in step (4) comprises the measurement to the voltage flow through between the electric current of conductivity sensor two-plate and conductivity sensor two-plate, and calculates, and computing formula is:
In formula, σ is the electrical conductivity of electrolyte; L is the distance between the electrode pad of left and right; D is the internal diameter of sensor body; V is the voltage between conductivity sensor two-plate; I is the electric current flowing through conductivity sensor two-plate.
3. beneficial effect
Adopt technical scheme provided by the invention, compared with existing known technology, there is following remarkable result:
(1) the electrical conductivity on-line measurement device and method of electrolyte in a kind of Electrolyzed Processing of the present invention, solve the problem of the electrical conductivity real-time online measuring of charged electrolyte in Electrolyzed Processing, provide innovative approach for accurately controlling the conductance of electrolyte in Electrolyzed Processing, thus the machining accuracy of Electrolyzed Processing can be improved;
(2) the electrical conductivity on-line measurement device of electrolyte in a kind of Electrolyzed Processing of the present invention, its immersible pump is connected with magnetic valve by insulation tube, magnetic valve is connected with conductivity sensor, conductivity sensor is connected with conductivity measurement module, controller is connected with immersible pump, magnetic valve respectively, in electrochemical machining process, guarantee that the state of conductivity sensor electrolyte inside is identical with the state of the electrolyte of electrolytic cell machining area, structure is simple, measurement is convenient;
(3) the electrical conductivity on-line measurement device of electrolyte in a kind of Electrolyzed Processing of the present invention, its left electrode pad and right electrode pad are arranged at the left and right sides of sensor body respectively, the top of sensor body connects overflow pipe, bottom connected electromagnetic valve, left electrode pad is connected with conductivity measurement module respectively by the wiring point that it is arranged with right electrode pad, the conductance of electrolyte can be drawn by measuring the electric current flowing through left electrode pad and right electrode pad, measuring accurately;
(4) the electrical conductivity on-line measurement device of electrolyte in a kind of Electrolyzed Processing of the present invention, its sensor body is made up of polypropylene plastics pipe, its two ends, left and right are respectively provided with a step, left electrode pad and right electrode pad glued joint in sensor body respectively by above-mentioned step, the bottom of sensor body is provided with the gas thread for connected electromagnetic valve, top is provided with the through hole for glueing joint with overflow pipe, manufactures simple, easy for installation;
(5) the electrical conductivity on-line measurement device of electrolyte in a kind of Electrolyzed Processing of the present invention, conductivity measurement module comprises voltage measuring apparatus, current measuring device and AC power, conductivity sensor, current measuring device and AC power are connected, for measuring the electric current flowing through conductivity sensor, conductivity sensor and voltage measuring apparatus parallel connection, for measuring the voltage at conductivity sensor two ends, the electric current of conductivity sensor and the voltage at conductivity sensor two ends is flow through, by simply calculating the electrical conductivity that just can draw electrolyte by measuring; Controller is connected with conductivity measurement module, for gathering the electric current that flows through conductivity sensor and controlling the display that conductivity measurement module carries out electrical conductivity, is convenient to control the electrical conductivity of electrolyte, to improve the machining accuracy of Electrolyzed Processing;
(6) the electrical conductivity On-line Measuring Method of electrolyte in a kind of Electrolyzed Processing of the present invention, controller carries out work according to certain time interval control immersible pump, magnetic valve is opened, electrolyte in electrolytic cell is flow in conductivity sensor through insulation tube, and flows back in electrolytic cell by the overflow pipe of conductivity sensor; After sampling a period of time, Controlling solenoid valve is closed, and controls immersible pump simultaneously and quits work, in electrochemical machining process, can realize the instantaneous electrical conductivity of real-time online measuring electrolyte, thus realize the real-time control of electrical conductivity.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the electrical conductivity on-line measurement apparatus structure schematic diagram of electrolyte in a kind of Electrolyzed Processing of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the measuring circuit figure of the conductivity measurement module of embodiment in the present invention.
Label declaration in schematic diagram:
1, electrolytic cell; 2, immersible pump; 3, insulation tube; 4, magnetic valve; 5, conductivity sensor; 6, conductivity measurement module; 7, controller; 5-1, right electrode pad; 5-2, left electrode pad; 5-3, sensor body; 5-4, overflow pipe.
Detailed description of the invention
For understanding content of the present invention further, the present invention is described in detail by reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in Figure 1, in a kind of Electrolyzed Processing of the present invention, the electrical conductivity on-line measurement device of electrolyte comprises immersible pump 2, insulation tube 3, magnetic valve 4, conductivity sensor 5, conductivity measurement module 6 and controller 7, immersible pump 2 is connected with magnetic valve 4 by insulation tube 3, magnetic valve 4 is connected with conductivity sensor 5, conductivity sensor 5 is connected with conductivity measurement module 6, and controller 7 is connected with conductivity measurement module 6 with immersible pump 2, magnetic valve 4 respectively.Conductivity sensor 5 comprises right electrode pad 5-1, left electrode pad 5-2, sensor body 5-3 and overflow pipe 5-4, left electrode pad 5-2 and right electrode pad 5-1 is arranged at the left and right sides of sensor body 5-3 respectively, the top of sensor body 5-3 connects overflow pipe 5-4, bottom connected electromagnetic valve 4, left electrode pad 5-2 is connected with conductivity measurement module 6 respectively by the wiring point that it is arranged with right electrode pad 5-1.About sensor body 5-3 two ends are respectively provided with a step, left electrode pad 5-2 and right electrode pad 5-1 glueds joint in sensor body 5-3 respectively by above-mentioned step, the bottom of sensor body 5-3 is provided with the gas thread for connected electromagnetic valve 4, and top is provided with the through hole for glueing joint with overflow pipe 5-4.
As shown in Figure 2, the conductivity measurement module 6 in the present invention comprises voltage measuring apparatus, current measuring device and AC power, and conductivity sensor 5, current measuring device and AC power are connected, for measuring the electric current flowing through conductivity sensor 5; Conductivity sensor 5 and voltage measuring apparatus parallel connection, for measuring the voltage at conductivity sensor 5 two ends; Controller 7 is connected with conductivity measurement module 6, for gathering the electric current that flows through conductivity sensor 5 and controlling the display that conductivity measurement module 6 carries out electrical conductivity.
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the invention will be further described.
Embodiment
As everyone knows, Electrolyzed Processing is the processing of a kind of gap, and the precision determining Electrolyzed Processing is stablized in the gap of Electrolyzed Processing.When machining voltage and machined material certain, the gap length of Electrolyzed Processing and the ablation speed of material are inversely proportional to, and are directly proportional to the electrical conductivity of electrolyte, therefore, control the electrical conductivity of electrolyte in Electrolyzed Processing and just can control the gap of Electrolyzed Processing.But electrolyte is conduction in Electrolyzed Processing, this brings difficulty to the conductance accurately measuring electrolyte.
According to Faraday's laws of electrolysis, during electrolysis, on electrode, the amount of dissolved substance is directly proportional to Faradaic current size and time.Within the unit interval, the size controlling Faradaic current just equals the ablation amount controlling Electrolyzed Processing, namely controls the precision of Electrolyzed Processing.Because the electrical conductivity of Faradaic current, voltage and electrolyte is directly proportional, general Electrolyzed Processing is constant voltage processing, therefore, as long as control the conductance of electrolyte in Electrolyzed Processing, just controls the precision of Electrolyzed Processing.
Based on above-mentioned principle, as shown in Figure 1, in a kind of Electrolyzed Processing of the present embodiment, the electrical conductivity on-line measurement device of electrolyte, comprises immersible pump 2, insulation tube 3, magnetic valve 4, conductivity sensor 5, conductivity measurement module 6 and controller 7.Immersible pump 2 is connected with magnetic valve 4 by insulation tube 3, and immersible pump 2 is arranged in below the liquid level of electrolytic cell 1 electrolyte, for being delivered in conductivity sensor 5 by the electrolyte in electrolytic cell 1; Magnetic valve 4 is connected with conductivity sensor 5, for controlling the break-make of insulation tube 3 pipeline, and the electrolyte backflow in restriction conductivity sensor 5; Conductivity sensor 5 is connected with conductivity measurement module 6, for measuring the instantaneous electrical conductivity of conductivity sensor 5 electrolyte inside; Controller 7 is connected with conductivity measurement module 6 with immersible pump 2, magnetic valve 4 respectively, controller 7 is the time interval and sampling time adjustable time controller, in certain time interval, control that immersible pump 2 opens or cuts out, magnetic valve 4 connects or cuts out, real-time sampling and measurement are carried out to electrolyte, in electrochemical machining process, guarantee that the state of conductivity sensor 5 electrolyte inside is identical with the state of the electrolyte of electrolytic cell 1 machining area, structure is simple, measurement is convenient.
Conductivity sensor 5 in the present embodiment comprises right electrode pad 5-1, left electrode pad 5-2, sensor body 5-3 and overflow pipe 5-4, left electrode pad 5-2 and right electrode pad 5-1 is arranged at the left and right sides of sensor body 5-3 respectively, the top of sensor body 5-3 connects overflow pipe 5-4, bottom connected electromagnetic valve 4, left electrode pad 5-2 is connected with conductivity measurement module 6 respectively by the wiring point that it is arranged with right electrode pad 5-1, the conductance of electrolyte can be drawn by measuring the electric current flowing through left electrode pad 5-2 and right electrode pad 5-1, measure accurately.Particularly, sensor body 5-3 is made up of polypropylene plastics pipe, its two ends, left and right are respectively provided with a step, left electrode pad 5-2 and right electrode pad 5-1 glueds joint in sensor body 5-3 respectively by above-mentioned step, the material of left electrode pad 5-2 and right electrode pad 5-1 is graphite or stainless steel or titanium alloy or platinum, specifically in the present embodiment, the material of left electrode pad 5-2 and right electrode pad 5-1 can select graphite, the bottom of sensor body 5-3 is provided with the gas thread for connected electromagnetic valve 4, top is provided with the through hole for glueing joint with overflow pipe 5-4, overflow pipe 5-4 is made up of polypropylene soft pipe, manufacture simple, easy for installation, and it is cheap for manufacturing cost, be convenient to promote the use of.In addition, magnetic valve 4 in the present embodiment is pressure-less valve, its operating pressure is 0.005MPa ~ 0.5MPa, control voltage is 12V DC voltage, valve material is 304 stainless steels or 316 stainless steels or 316SS stainless steel or 316L stainless steel, specifically select 316 stainless steels as valve material in the present embodiment, corrosion resistance is strong.
See Fig. 2, the conductivity measurement module 6 in the present embodiment comprises voltage measuring apparatus, current measuring device and AC power, and conductivity sensor 5, current measuring device and AC power are connected, for measuring the electric current flowing through conductivity sensor 5; Conductivity sensor 5 and voltage measuring apparatus parallel connection, for measuring the voltage at conductivity sensor 5 two ends, flow through the electric current of conductivity sensor 5 and the voltage at conductivity sensor 5 two ends by measuring, by simply calculating the electrical conductivity that just can draw electrolyte; Controller 7 is connected with conductivity measurement module 6, for gathering the electric current that flows through conductivity sensor 5 and controlling the display that conductivity measurement module 6 carries out electrical conductivity, is convenient to control the electrical conductivity of electrolyte, to improve the machining accuracy of Electrolyzed Processing.Particularly, the optional voltmeter of voltage measuring apparatus, the optional ammeter of current measuring device (as shown in Figure 2).
In a kind of Electrolyzed Processing of the present embodiment, the electrical conductivity On-line Measuring Method of electrolyte, the steps include:
(1) above-mentioned electrical conductivity on-line measurement device is installed in the electrolyte system of Electrolyzed Processing, makes immersible pump 2 be in the electrolyte of electrolytic cell 1;
(2) during Electrolyzed Processing, according to certain time interval control, immersible pump 2 carries out work to controller 7, magnetic valve 4 is opened, the electrolyte in electrolytic cell 1 is made to flow in conductivity sensor 5 through insulation tube 3, and flow back in electrolytic cell 1 by the overflow pipe 5-4 of conductivity sensor 5, to guarantee that the state of conductivity sensor 5 electrolyte inside is identical with the state of the electrolyte of electrolytic cell 1 machining area;
(3) controller 7 controls conductivity sensor 5 and samples after a period of time, Controlling solenoid valve 4 is closed, control immersible pump 2 to quit work simultaneously, electrolyte insulation now in conductivity sensor 5, certain resistance is produced, can accurately measure the electrolyte in conductivity sensor 5 between the left electrode pad 5-2 of conductivity sensor 5 and right electrode pad 5-1;
(4) electrolytic conductivity in conductivity measurement module 6 pairs of conductivity sensors 5 is measured, this measurement comprises the measurement to the voltage flow through between the electric current of conductivity sensor 5 two-plate and conductivity sensor 5 two-plate, and calculate, computing formula is:
in formula, σ is the electrical conductivity of electrolyte; L is the distance between the electrode pad of left and right; D is the internal diameter of sensor body; V is the voltage between conductivity sensor two-plate; I is the electric current flowing through conductivity sensor two-plate; Achieve the instantaneous electrical conductivity of real-time online measuring electrolyte, thus realize the real-time control of electrical conductivity.
The electrical conductivity on-line measurement device and method of electrolyte in a kind of Electrolyzed Processing of the present invention, solve the problem of the electrical conductivity real-time online measuring of charged electrolyte in Electrolyzed Processing, provide innovative approach for accurately controlling the conductance of electrolyte in Electrolyzed Processing, thus the machining accuracy of Electrolyzed Processing can be improved.
Schematically above be described the present invention and embodiment thereof, this description does not have restricted, and also just one of the embodiments of the present invention shown in accompanying drawing, actual structure is not limited thereto.So, if those of ordinary skill in the art enlightens by it, when not departing from the invention aim, designing the frame mode similar to this technical scheme and embodiment without creationary, all should protection scope of the present invention be belonged to.
Claims (8)
1. the electrical conductivity on-line measurement device of electrolyte in an Electrolyzed Processing, it is characterized in that: comprise immersible pump (2), insulation tube (3), magnetic valve (4), conductivity sensor (5), conductivity measurement module (6) and controller (7), described immersible pump (2) is connected with magnetic valve (4) by insulation tube (3), described magnetic valve (4) is connected with conductivity sensor (5), described conductivity sensor (5) is connected with conductivity measurement module (6), described controller (7) respectively with immersible pump (2), magnetic valve (4) is connected with conductivity measurement module (6), described conductivity sensor (5) comprises right electrode pad (5-1), left electrode pad (5-2), sensor body (5-3) and overflow pipe (5-4), described left electrode pad (5-2) and right electrode pad (5-1) are arranged at the left and right sides of sensor body (5-3) respectively, the top of described sensor body (5-3) connects overflow pipe (5-4), bottom connected electromagnetic valve (4), described left electrode pad (5-2) is connected with conductivity measurement module (6) respectively by the wiring point that it is arranged with right electrode pad (5-1), the two ends, left and right of described sensor body (5-3) are respectively provided with a step, described left electrode pad (5-2) and right electrode pad (5-1) glued joint in sensor body (5-3) respectively by above-mentioned step, the bottom of described sensor body (5-3) is provided with the gas thread for connected electromagnetic valve (4), and top is provided with the through hole for glueing joint with overflow pipe (5-4).
2. the electrical conductivity on-line measurement device of electrolyte in a kind of Electrolyzed Processing according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described sensor body (5-3) is made up of polypropylene plastics pipe.
3. the electrical conductivity on-line measurement device of electrolyte in a kind of Electrolyzed Processing according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that: described left electrode pad (5-2) and the material of right electrode pad (5-1) are graphite or stainless steel or titanium alloy or platinum; Described overflow pipe (5-4) is made up of polypropylene soft pipe.
4. the electrical conductivity on-line measurement device of electrolyte in a kind of Electrolyzed Processing according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described conductivity measurement module (6) comprises voltage measuring apparatus, current measuring device and AC power, described conductivity sensor (5), current measuring device and AC power series connection, for measuring the electric current flowing through conductivity sensor (5); Described conductivity sensor (5) and voltage measuring apparatus parallel connection, for measuring the voltage at conductivity sensor (5) two ends.
5. the electrical conductivity on-line measurement device of electrolyte in a kind of Electrolyzed Processing according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described magnetic valve (4) is pressure-less valve, its operating pressure is 0.005MPa ~ 0.5MPa, control voltage is 12V DC voltage, and valve material is 304 stainless steels or 316 stainless steels or 316SS stainless steel or 316L stainless steel.
6. the electrical conductivity on-line measurement device of electrolyte in a kind of Electrolyzed Processing according to claim 5, is characterized in that: described controller (7) is the time interval and sampling time adjustable time controller.
7. the electrical conductivity On-line Measuring Method of electrolyte in Electrolyzed Processing, the steps include:
(1) the electrical conductivity on-line measurement device described in claim 1 to 6 any one is installed in the electrolyte system of Electrolyzed Processing, makes immersible pump (2) be in the electrolyte of electrolytic cell (1);
(2) controller (7) carries out work according to certain time interval control immersible pump (2), magnetic valve (4) is opened, electrolyte in electrolytic cell (1) is flow in conductivity sensor (5) through insulation tube (3), and flows back in electrolytic cell (1) by the overflow pipe (5-4) of conductivity sensor (5);
(3) after controller (7) controls conductivity sensor (5) sampling a period of time, Controlling solenoid valve (4) is closed, control immersible pump (2) to quit work simultaneously, electrolyte insulation now in conductivity sensor (5), produces certain resistance between the left electrode pad (5-2) of conductivity sensor (5) and right electrode pad (5-1);
(4) conductivity measurement module (6) is measured the electrolytic conductivity in conductivity sensor (5).
8. the electrical conductivity On-line Measuring Method of electrolyte in a kind of Electrolyzed Processing according to claim 7, it is characterized in that: the measurement described in step (4) comprises the measurement to the voltage flow through between the electric current of conductivity sensor (5) two-plate and conductivity sensor (5) two-plate, and calculate, computing formula is:
In formula, σ is the electrical conductivity of electrolyte; L is the distance between the electrode pad of left and right; D is the internal diameter of sensor body; V is the voltage between conductivity sensor two-plate; I is the electric current flowing through conductivity sensor two-plate.
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| CN111805024B (en) * | 2020-06-12 | 2021-09-10 | 清华大学 | Processing and detecting integrated silicon electrode and preparation method thereof |
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Effective date of registration: 20180308 Address after: 213001 Jiangsu Province, Changzhou City New District Longhutang Innovation Industrial Park Road No. 21 Patentee after: Changzhou Haizhuo precision mould Co. Ltd. Address before: 213022 Wushan Road, Xinbei District, Jiangsu, China, No. 1, No. Patentee before: Changzhou Polytechnic College |