CN103704090B - The fertilizing method of one planting fruit-trees - Google Patents

The fertilizing method of one planting fruit-trees Download PDF

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CN103704090B
CN103704090B CN201310727532.0A CN201310727532A CN103704090B CN 103704090 B CN103704090 B CN 103704090B CN 201310727532 A CN201310727532 A CN 201310727532A CN 103704090 B CN103704090 B CN 103704090B
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fertilizer
potash
phosphate
nitrogenous
tree
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CN103704090A (en
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余志鹏
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Chongqing Jiangshan Agricultural Development Co Ltd
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Abstract

The present invention relates to the fertilizing method of a planting fruit-trees, the fertilizing method of described fruit tree comprises the following steps: 1. set childhood: be described tree enforcement childhood nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, the ratio of described nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer is 5: 1: 3; The fertilizer application frequency that set described childhood is: in 3~May and 7~August, once, 70~90 days other months applied fertilizer once in fertilising in 30~50 days; 2. bearing tree: implement nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, mycorhiza and trace element for described bearing tree, the described enforcement time is: germination period is executed fertilizer 1 time, and the ratio that described nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are implemented is 4: 1: 4; Execute fertilizer florescence 1~2 time, the ratio that described nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are implemented is 4: 2: 7; The phase of bearing fruit is executed fertilizer 2~3 times, and the ratio that described nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are implemented is 2: 1: 4. This fruit tree is taked to effective fertilizing method and mode, utilization rate of fertilizer is improved, fruit tree absorbs fast, successful.

Description

The fertilizing method of one planting fruit-trees
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fertilizing method in agriculture field, be specifically related to the fertilizing method of a planting fruit-trees.
Background technology
In the growth course of crop, need to from soil, absorb in right amount various mineral nutrient elements, grow in order to maintain its normal growth, complete its life course. Wherein, comprise that a great number of elements is as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, moderate-element is as calcium, magnesium, sulphur, and trace element is as iron, manganese, copper, zinc, molybdenum, boron etc. In modern agricultural systemof production, the mineral nutrient element that can offer Crop due to anthropogenic soil in Growing Season of Crops is limited, thereby, one of essential measure ensureing crop yield, quality by fertilising for crop provides appropriate mineral nutrient element, according to statistics, the whole world applies the fertilizer number in farmland every year with ten million ton (more than 5,000 ten thousand tons of applying fertilizers as at present annual in China), and fertilizer can reach more than 30% the contribution rate of cereal crops output.
After fertilizer is manured into soil, a series of natural circular flow will occur, its whereabouts mainly comprises following several form: 1. utilization absorbed by crops; 2. by the temporary absorption of soil, maintenance; 3. absorbed by microorganism or with agron complexing, chemical combination and be stored in soil; 4. with soil generation physics or chemical reaction, and be permanently fixed; 5. change into gas and escape into atmosphere; 6. leaching goes out soil. Wherein, fertilizer utilization absorbed by crops is the basic goal of fertilising, be fertilizer effectively utilize part, fertilizer is by the temporary absorption of soil, maintenance and absorbed by microorganism or with agron complexing, chemical combination and to be stored in soil be also substantially favourable process, and fertilizer and soil generation physics or chemical reaction, be permanently fixed, change into that gas escapes into atmosphere and leaching goes out the process that soil is the complete ineffective treatment of fertilizer, loss, the waste of fertilizer, and very likely contaminated environment, spoiled soil quality.
Scientific research and production practices fully prove, ineffective treatment, the loss process of fertilizer are not only relevant with soil property, relevant with many factors such as concentration of fertilizer, loam contact area, soil water contents especially, usually, concentration of fertilizer is larger, loam contact area is larger, moisture is higher, the ineffective treatment of fertilizer and bleed rate just faster (as, soil moisture be unsaturated thousand times in the leachability of saturation state, more than ten thousand times), the utilization rate of fertilizer is just lower. because fertilizer exists ineffective treatment in soil, the phenomenon running off, make the utilization rate of current fertilizer generally not high, for example, the utilization rate of China's nitrogenous fertilizer is less than 30%, phosphate fertilizer utilization efficiency is less than 15%, potassium utilization rate is less than 35%, the poor efficiency of fertilizer not only makes fertilizer not be fully used, waste manure resources, and, there is no the residue fertilizer nutrient of utilization absorbed by crops, will be lost to by all means air, in water body, thereby cause serious environmental problem, for example, widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area, greenhouse gas emission, acid rain, soil degradation etc.
In prior art, the basic skills of fertilising is fertilizer to be passed through to the form of solid or the aqueous solution, and one or many is sneaked into whole topsoils or local topsoil, absorbs for crop root. But under such fertilization mode, can there are following several unfavorable shape feelings: 1. the nutrient density in the soil liquid is very inhomogeneous, in short-term after fertilising, can there is high local concentrations, even cause burning seedling, and in the period of growing at all the other, concentration of fertilizer again may be well below the needed suitable concentration of crop; 2. fertilizer fully mixes with soil, contact-making surface is large: by sowing fertilizers on soil, but because crop root only exists in the certain area of soil, and do not have crop root in other regions of soil, fertilizer in this region cannot directly be absorbed by root system of plant, causes the waste of fertilizer; And if adopt partial fertilizer, due to the dynamic growth of crop root, the region that is difficult to make to apply fertilizer is identical with crop root region height; Once 3. fertilizer is manured into soil, will have enough to meet the need according to its intrinsic natural law, cannot the behavior of conditioned fertilizer product in soil. Particularly, after crop is gathered, the residue fertilizer nutrient of utilization absorbed by crops is not wasted substantially; 4. the demand of crop to nutrient and the supply of fertilizer nutrient are difficult to be identical, and utilize fertilizer thereby affect crop efficient absorption; If 5. there is larger rainfall or heavy irrigation, can cause because soil water content is too high fertilizer nutrient to run off.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide the fertilizing method of a planting fruit-trees, the reason such as, management slow for fruit tree growth is poor, the fertilizing method of this fruit tree is taked effective fertilizing method and mode, utilization rate of fertilizer is improved, fruit tree absorbs fast, and effect is comparatively obvious, solves the disparities between supply and demand of fruit tree absorption nutrition.
The object of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
The fertilizing method of one planting fruit-trees, the fertilizing method of described fruit tree comprises the following steps:
1. set childhood: be described tree enforcement childhood nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, the ratio of described nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer is 5: 1: 3; The fertilizer application frequency that set described childhood is: in 3~May and 7~August, once, 70~90 days other months applied fertilizer once in fertilising in 30~50 days;
2. bearing tree: implement nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, mycorhiza and trace element for described bearing tree, the described enforcement time is: germination period is executed fertilizer 1 time, and the ratio that described nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are implemented is 4: 1: 4; Execute fertilizer florescence 1~2 time, the ratio that described nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are implemented is 4: 2: 7; The phase of bearing fruit is executed fertilizer 2~3 times, and the ratio that described nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are implemented is 3: 1: 4;
3. step 1. and the process of implementing fertilizer be 2.: fertilizer is positioned in the device of bottom with some eyelets, and adds water in described device, then the water that contains fertilizer is sprayed on to tree root around within the scope of 60~90cm; Described nitrogenous fertilizer is NH4HCO3Or CO (NH2)2, described phosphate fertilizer is P2O5, described potash fertilizer is K2O。
Further, the number of times that mycorhiza and trace element are implemented is 1 times/year, and bearing tree germination period is implemented mycorhiza, implements trace element after germination period completes.
Further, the enforcement amount of described mycorhiza is 30~50 grams of/trees.
Further, enforcement amount 3~5kg/ mu of described trace element.
Further, described trace element comprises calcium, magnesium, sulphur, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, molybdenum and boron.
Further, the total amount of enforcement nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer of step described in is 1. 100kg/ mu.
Further, the total amount of enforcement nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer of step described in is 2. 200kg/ mu.
Further, the bearing tree of step described in 2., implements once at during Wintering Period, and the amount of enforcement is 50kg/ mu.
The invention provides the fertilizing method of a planting fruit-trees, the beneficial effect that this fertilizing method mainly has is:
1. according to the difference of fruit tree different phase desired nutritional composition, implement the amount of different fertilizer and different fertilizer;
2. fertilizing method of the present invention improves absorptivity, reduces the use amount of fertilizer, and the utilization rate of fertilizer is improved;
3. the method is simple to operate, and the growth rate of fruit tree is improved, and has important using value.
Detailed description of the invention
The fertilizing method of the planting fruit-trees described in the embodiment of the present invention, the fertilizing method of described fruit tree comprises the following steps: 1. set childhood: be described tree enforcement childhood nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, the ratio of described nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer is 5: 1: 3; The fertilizer application frequency that set described childhood is: in 3~May and 7~August, once, 70~90 days other months applied fertilizer once in fertilising in 30~50 days; 2. bearing tree: implement nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, mycorhiza and trace element for described bearing tree, the described enforcement time is: germination period is executed fertilizer 1 time, and the ratio that described nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are implemented is 4: 1: 4; Execute fertilizer florescence 1~2 time, the ratio that described nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are implemented is 4: 2: 7; The phase of bearing fruit is executed fertilizer 2~3 times, and the ratio that described nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are implemented is 3: 1: 4.
Further preferably, nitrogenous fertilizer is preferably: NH4HCO3Or CO (NH2)2, phosphate fertilizer is preferably P2O5, potash fertilizer is preferably K2O. Implementing the process of fertilizer is: fertilizer is positioned in the device of bottom with some eyelets, and adds water in described device, then the water that contains fertilizer is sprayed on to tree root around within the scope of 60~90cm. The number of times that mycorhiza and trace element are implemented is preferably 1 times/year, and the preferred germination period of bearing tree is implemented mycorhiza, and preferably germination period is implemented trace element after completing. The enforcement amount of mycorhiza is preferably 30~50 grams of/trees. The enforcement amount of trace element is preferably 3~5kg/ mu. Trace element comprises calcium, magnesium, sulphur, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, molybdenum and boron etc. The total amount of enforcement nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer of step described in is 1. preferably 100kg/ mu. The total amount of enforcement nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer of step described in is 2. preferably 200kg/ mu. The bearing tree of step described in 2., at during Wintering Period real nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and a potash fertilizer, the total amount of implementing this three seed manure is preferably 50kg/ mu.
As an example of specific experiment case example, detailed description of the invention is described below, should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein, only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
Embodiment 1
Childhood tree: in 3~May and 7~August this two pumping young sprout phases and ramp phase, for the fertilizer that childhood, tree was implemented is CO (NH2)2、P2O5And K2O, three's ratio is 5: 1: 3, fertilizer application frequency is to apply fertilizer once for 30~50 days; The number of times fertilising in 70~90 days of other month fertilising once; The total amount of each three kinds of fertilizer executing is 100kg/ mu.
Bearing tree: for described bearing tree is executed CO (NH 1 time at germination period2)2、P2O5And K2O fertilizer, the ratio of this three seed manure is 4: 1: 4, and then implements mycorhiza, the enforcement amount of mycorhiza is 40 grams of/trees; After germination period completes, implement trace element, the trace element trace element of implementing comprises calcium, magnesium, sulphur, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, molybdenum and boron etc., the enforcement amount 4kg/ mu of trace element; When florescence, execute CO (NH 2 times2)2、P2O5And K2The compound fertilizer of O, the ratio of this three seed manure is 4: 2: 7; The phase of bearing fruit is executed CO (NH 2 times2)2、P2O5And K2The compound fertilizer of O, the ratio of this three seed manure is 3: 1: 4; The total amount of above-mentioned three seed manures of at every turn executing is 200kg/ mu; Implement a CO (NH at during Wintering Period2)2、P2O5And K2The compound fertilizer of O, the total amount of enforcement is 50kg/ mu.
Embodiment 2
Childhood tree: in 3~May and 7~August this two pumping young sprout phases and ramp phase, for the fertilizer that childhood, tree was implemented is NH4HCO3、P2O5And K2O, three's ratio is 5: 1: 3, fertilizer application frequency is to apply fertilizer once for 30~50 days; The number of times fertilising in 70~90 days of other month fertilising once; The total amount of each three kinds of fertilizer executing is 100kg/ mu.
Bearing tree: for described bearing tree is executed NH 1 time at germination period4HCO3、P2O5And K2O fertilizer, the ratio of this three seed manure is 4: 1: 4, and then implements mycorhiza, the enforcement amount of mycorhiza is 35 grams of/trees; After germination period completes, implement trace element, the trace element trace element of implementing comprises calcium, magnesium, sulphur, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, molybdenum and boron etc., the enforcement amount 3.5kg/ mu of trace element; When florescence, execute NH 1 time4HCO3、P2O5And K2The compound fertilizer of O, the ratio of this three seed manure is 4: 2: 7; The phase of bearing fruit is executed NH 3 times4HCO3、P2O5And K2The compound fertilizer of O, the ratio of this three seed manure is 3: 1: 4; The total amount of above-mentioned three seed manures of at every turn executing is 200kg/ mu; Implement a NH at during Wintering Period4HCO3、P2O5And K2The compound fertilizer of O, the total amount of enforcement is 50kg/ mu.
The present invention is not limited to above-mentioned preferred forms, any modification relevant of the present invention or change that anyone does under enlightenment of the present invention, and every have identical with a application or akin technical scheme, within all dropping on protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. the fertilizing method of a planting fruit-trees, is characterized in that: the fertilizing method of described fruit tree comprises the following steps:
1. set childhood: be described tree enforcement childhood nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer, the ratio of described nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer is 5: 1: 3; The fertilizer application frequency that set described childhood is: in 3~May and 7~August, once, 70~90 days other months applied fertilizer once in fertilising in 30~50 days; The total amount of described enforcement nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer is 100kg/ mu;
2. bearing tree: implement nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer, mycorhiza and trace element for described bearing tree, the enforcement time is: germination period is executed fertilizer 1 time, and the ratio that described nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are implemented is 4: 1: 4; Execute fertilizer florescence 1~2 time, the ratio that described nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are implemented is 4: 2: 7; The phase of bearing fruit is executed fertilizer 2~3 times, and the ratio that described nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer are implemented is 3: 1: 4; The number of times that described mycorhiza and trace element are implemented is 1 times/year, and bearing tree germination period is implemented mycorhiza, and the enforcement amount of described mycorhiza is 30~50 grams of/trees; After completing, implements germination period trace element, enforcement amount 3~5kg/ mu of described trace element; Described bearing tree, implements nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and a potash fertilizer at during Wintering Period, and the total amount of implementing this three seed manure is 50kg/ mu;
1. and 2. 3. step is implemented the process of fertilizer in and is: fertilizer is positioned in the device of bottom with some eyelets, and adds water in described device, then the water that contains fertilizer is sprayed on to tree root around within the scope of 60~90cm; Described nitrogenous fertilizer is NH4HCO3Or CO (NH2)2, described phosphate fertilizer is P2O5, described potash fertilizer is K2O。
2. the fertilizing method of fruit tree according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the total amount of enforcement nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer of step described in is 2. 200kg/ mu.
CN201310727532.0A 2013-12-26 2013-12-26 The fertilizing method of one planting fruit-trees Active CN103704090B (en)

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CN105409416A (en) * 2015-11-26 2016-03-23 全椒县桃花湾果蔬种植专业合作社 Fertilizer and water management method in flowering phase of juicy peaches
CN105409419A (en) * 2015-12-08 2016-03-23 孙仁江 Method for drilling and fertilization for fruit trees and integrated sleeve fertilization device thereof
CN107182404A (en) * 2017-05-22 2017-09-22 东至县云之慧农业开发有限公司 A kind of applying fruit trees with fertilizer technology
CN107439119A (en) * 2017-07-27 2017-12-08 汤纪华 The fertilizing method of yellow peach fruit tree
CN108934670A (en) * 2018-06-06 2018-12-07 阜阳市鸿业生态农业科技有限公司 A kind of root fertilizing management technology of peach

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