CN103698243A - Analysis method of corn root cap structure and plantation method - Google Patents
Analysis method of corn root cap structure and plantation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an analysis method of corn root cap structure, which comprises the following steps: selecting each sampling point with equal planting space and different plantation density in annual corn field randomly; respectively determining maize roots and canopies with different heights in each sampling point during one or several periods among elongation stage, large mouth stage, flowering stage, milk stage and maturity stage, and determining illumination intensity of corn canopy state of each height; inputting determined dry weights of each root and canopy sample in each sampling point as well as illumination intensity of each canopy layer into data processing equipment, and analyzing, processing and drawing a corn colony structure diagram, and obtaining optimum plantation density of corn. According to the invention, corn canopy and root are considered as an organic integral body for systemically research of colony structure characteristics, and function thereof and restriction factors which influence yield increase are further and clearly analyzed, and the invention has important theoretical and practical meanings for cultivating high-yield variety, explorating regulation and controling approach and constructing high-yield cultivation mode.
Description
Technical field
The present invention designs proportion of crop planting field, is specifically related to a kind of root cap structure analysis and implantation methods of corn.
Background technology
Improve crops output be the important topic of crops research always, corn is one of cereal crops of mainly planting of China, therefore improves the output of corn, is significant.Corn is planted with colony, and reasonably group structure is to improve the corn efficiency of light energy utilization, obtains the essential condition of high yield, aborning dynamic change and the index system of necessary Research Group structure.Root and hat are to the individual basic division of crop, it is the basis of Crop Structure and function, the two distributes and not only interdepends but also interact for summation nutriment, moisture and carbohydrates, jointly meets separately and the needs of plant strain growth, and forms crop allomeric function system.The 26S Proteasome Structure and Function of root, hat and mutual relationship thereof directly affect growing of crop and output.Planting density increase is the key factor that realizes corn with high yield, and progressively increasing planting density is that Super High-yielding Maize produces the development trend of cultivating from now on.But planting density increases the growing space that can change corn individual, cause can Gains resources limitedly, cause intensified competition in colony.While there is competition between crop, the reaction that the change of resource and crop produce after on resource changing will affect individual morphology, population quantity and the structure of community etc. of crop, so pure increase planting density simply can produce unfavorable effect to improving output on the contrary.
Therefore, be necessary the root cap structure of corn to analyze, a kind of rational dense planting method is provided, improve the output of corn.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of root cap structure analysis method of corn, the group structure feature of the method systematic study corn, further analyzes clear and definite its function and affects the restriction factor that output improves, and to building High Yield Cultivation Pattern, instructs.
For addressing the above problem, the present invention adopts following scheme:
An analytical approach for corn root cap structure, its concrete operations are as follows:
A1: at raw each sampling spot that the random selected plant line-spacing of maize field is even, planting density is different then, one or several period in the jointing stage of corn growth, large mouthful phase, florescence, milk stage, maturity stage respectively to each height corn root of each sampling spot, canopy samples and the intensity of illumination of measuring each height maize canopy;
Each canopy sample of obtaining is carried out respectively to stem processed, measure the dry weight of each canopy sample;
Each root layer sample of obtaining is carried out respectively to root processed, measure the weight numerical value of each root layer after root processed, this weight numerical value f (x) is used to Density Function of Normal Distribution f (x)=1/[sqrt (2 π)] exp{-(x-μ) 2/ (2 σ 2) } accumulation calculates root layer sample dry weight, wherein x is that root system sampling spot is from the distance of sampling plant stem, μ, σ are parameter, μ is the x value of curve peak, and f (x) value is exactly (1/ (sqrt (2 ∏) σ));
A2: each root that above-mentioned each sampling spot is recorded, the dry weight of canopy sample are drawn out maize population structural drawing, the intensity of illumination of each canopy input data processing equipment carries out analyzing and processing, draw the Optimum Planting Density of corn.
Concrete scheme is:
In data processing equipment, utilize Sigmaplot10.0 Software on Drawing group structure figure.
The method that canopy samples is by predetermined bed thickness, to extract respectively the maize canopy of each height with sheet cutter, and the canopy sample of gained is packed into mesh bag and performs mark;
The drill bit that the method that root layer samples is is 6～8cm with diameter carries out vertical section sampling, sampling depth is 80cm, take centered by sampling plant and radius is 0～6cm, 6～12cm, 12～18cm three circles or annular resample area are evenly got respectively 8 samples, by every 20cm, carry out stratified sampling from top to bottom, the root layer sample of gained is respectively charged into plastic seal pocket and carries out mark.
Stem processed is 28～30min that canopy sample is completed in 100～105 ℃ of baking ovens, and then dries to constant weight at 80～82 ℃;
Root processed is that each root layer sample water after soil screening is rinsed, and then selects root sample, 28～30min that root sample is completed in 100～105 ℃ of baking ovens, and then dry to constant weight at 80～82 ℃.
Another kind of object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of corn being planted according to the above results, and its concrete operations are as follows:
A1: at raw each sampling spot that the random selected plant line-spacing of maize field is even, planting density is different then, one or several period in the jointing stage of corn growth, large mouthful phase, florescence, milk stage, maturity stage respectively to each height corn root of each sampling spot, canopy samples and the intensity of illumination of measuring each height maize canopy;
Each canopy sample of obtaining is carried out respectively to stem processed, measure the dry weight of each canopy sample;
Each root layer sample of obtaining is carried out respectively to root processed, measure the weight numerical value of each root layer after root processed, this weight numerical value is used to Density Function of Normal Distribution f (x)=1/[sqrt (2 π)] exp{-(x-μ) 2/ (2 σ 2) } accumulation calculates root layer sample dry weight, wherein x is root system sampling spot from the distance of sampling plant stem, and μ, σ are parameter;
A2: each root that above-mentioned each sampling spot is recorded, the dry weight of canopy sample are drawn out maize population structural drawing, the intensity of illumination of each canopy input data processing equipment carries out analyzing and processing, draw the Optimum Planting Density of corn;
A3: next year is carried out maize planting according to the corn Optimum Planting Density drawing in B2.
Concrete scheme is:
In data processing equipment, utilize Sigmaplot10.0 Software on Drawing group structure figure.
The method that canopy samples is by predetermined bed thickness, to extract respectively the maize canopy of each height with sheet cutter, and the canopy sample of gained is packed into mesh bag and performs mark;
The drill bit that the method that root layer samples is is 6～8cm with diameter carries out vertical section sampling, sampling depth is 80cm, take centered by sampling plant and radius is 0～6cm, 6～12cm, 12～18cm three circles or annular resample area are evenly got respectively 8 samples, by every 20cm, carry out stratified sampling from top to bottom, the root layer sample of gained is respectively charged into plastic seal pocket and carries out mark.
Stem processed is 28～30min that canopy sample is completed in 100～105 ℃ of baking ovens, and then dries to constant weight at 80～82 ℃;
Root processed is that each root layer sample water after soil sieve screening is rinsed, and then selects root sample, 28～30min that root sample is completed in 100～105 ℃ of baking ovens, and then dry to constant weight at 80～82 ℃.
In the present invention, using maize canopy and root system as an organic whole, its group structure feature of systematic study, further analyze clear and definite its function and affect the restriction factor that output improves, to breeding high-yield variety, explore regulatory pathway and building High Yield Cultivation Pattern, thering is important theory significance and practice significance.
In the present invention, the maize canopy of indication is colony's aggregate that internally top plant organ (comprising stem sheath, blade, fruit ear, tassel) is linked to be, and is the position that corn directly contacts ambient atmos environment and illumination.In addition, the sampling method to corn that the present invention adopts, can be as shown in Figure 2, and circle represents root layer sampling spot, and black round dot represents to sample milpa.Corn is C4 crop, influences of plant crown is tall and big, well developed root system, maize root system is powerful, not only root system general assembly (TW) and embedded depth surpass other cereal crops, and have an air cavity more more flourishing than other cereal crop root systems, by above-mentioned corn root layer sampling method can be effectively to the corn analysis of taking a sample to research.
During concrete operations, can specifically implement by following scheme:
One, sampling point is selected: the field corn of self-sow, random selected plant line-spacing evenly, have 3～5 of representational sampling points of planting density.
Two, outfit: tape measure (3m left and right), Sopwith staff (5m left and right), illuminometer, sheet cutter, scissors, mesh bag, root brill, plastic seal pocket, kraft paper bag, 0.25mm soil sieve, tweezers, balance, baking oven, marking pen.
Three, measure the time: jointing stage, large mouthful phase, florescence, milk stage, maturity stage
Four, assay method and step:
1, determine sampling spot area and bed thickness: according to line-spacing, spacing in the rows, determine Sampling Area, at least cover 2 row corns, general Sampling Area 2～3m
2, bed thickness 10～30cm.
2, measuring canopy light distributes: with illuminometer, measure the light intensity of canopy top and each layer of bottom, measuring point is 8～10, obtains the mean value of every layer of intensity of illumination, and the intensity of illumination of each layer except it, is tried to achieve transmittance by the light intensity at canopy top.
3, layering extracts canopy: use sheet cutter, extract canopy sample from top to bottom by predetermined bed thickness layering, be respectively charged into mesh bag and perform mark, take back indoor.
4, root system sampling: adopt root brill method to gather root system sample, the bit diameter of used brill is advisable with 6～8cm.Vertical section sampling depth is 80cm, horizontal bedding is centered by sampling plant, horizontal bedding is divided into 0～6cm, 6～12cm, 12～18cm3 resample area, 8 sampling points are evenly got in each region, press from top to bottom 20cm stratified sampling, the sample of gained is respectively charged into plastic seal pocket and carries out mark, take back indoor.
5, indoor sample is processed: with sheet cutter and scissors, by every layer of sample of canopy with blade, stem sheath, tassel, female fringe separately, be respectively charged into kraft paper bag as the case may be, indicate contents processing and Date of Sampling, the 30min that completes in 105 ℃ of baking ovens, dries to constant weight at 80 ℃, weighs; By the flushing of sieving successively of the sample 0.25mm soil sieve of each root layer, with tweezers, pick root sample, the 30min that completes in 105 ℃ of baking ovens, dries to constant weight at 80 ℃, weighs; Then, use Density Function of Normal Distribution f (x)=1/[sqrt (2 π)] exp{-(x-μ) 2/ (2 σ 2) } (x is from sampling plant stem distance; μ, σ are parameter) the root weight of each resample area sampling point of the same soil layer of accumulation calculating, calculate to obtain the weight of root system of each root layer.
6, draw group structure figure: take floor height as ordinate, each plant organ's dry weight, transmittance are horizontal ordinate, with Sigmaplot10.0 Software on Drawing, go out group structure figure.
7, calculate optimum optimization planting density, next year plants according to this density.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the result recording in embodiment 1;
Fig. 2 is the distribution plan of root layer sampling spot in the present invention.
Embodiment
Below by embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated.
2010～2011 years, on corn research institute of Agriculture in Shandong Province academy of sciences 61 farms (37 ° of 1 ' N, 117 ° of 1 ' E), two types of corn variety root cap structure group body structure researchs under different planting densities and planting patterns have been carried out.Cultivate for the row of filling is good, long-term in experimental plot, high-yield field (the nearly 3 years average per unit area yield 12780kghm of corn of fertile soil
-2above, exceed local average per unit area yield 48.17%), sandy loam, the topsoil soils content of organic matter is 1.11%, total nitrogen content 0.11%, available nitrogen 53.16mg/kg, rapid available phosphorus 29.38mg/kg, available potassium 87.17mg/kg.
It is for examination material that single 818 (LD818) in fringe type kind Shandong in single 981 (LD981) in open and flat large-spike cultivar Shandong and compactness are selected in test.Each kind arranges 60000 (D
1), 90000 (D
2) strain .hm
-22 planting densities and individual plant (P
i), two strain (P
iI) 2 kinds of planting patterns; Adopt RANDOMIZED BLOCK DESIGN, each community 12 row, community area 40.02m
2, line-spacing 66.7cm, repeats 4 times.Within 2 years, be sowing mid-June, early October gathers in the crops.According to 13500kg.hm
-2corn yield target, according to every production 100kg seed, need absorb 3kgN, 1kgP
2o
5, 3kgK
2o uses inorganic fertilizer, and wherein nitrogenous fertilizer (urea) applies with the typhon mouth phase before sowing with the ratio of 4:6, and phosphate fertilizer (calcium superphosphate), potash fertilizer (potassium sulfate) are all made base fertilizer and applied; Other cultivation management is undertaken by land for growing field crops high yield requirement.
Mensuration project and method
(1) Proper Sampling Period: florescence (flowering, FL).
(2) sampling spot area and bed thickness: canopy Sampling Area 2m
2, by bed thickness 30cm layering, extract sample from top to bottom; Root layer sampling depth is 80cm, presses from top to bottom 20cm stratified sampling.
(3) data processing and mapping: two annual data results change trend are basically identical, mainly with 2011 annual test figures, carry out finishing analysis.Experimental data processing adopts Excel2007, the mapping of Sigmaplot10.0 software.
Test findings
Shown in Fig. 1, can analyze clear, intuitively the vertical distribution of two types of corn variety root cap in florescence structure group body structures under different planting densities and planting patterns, comparative analysis goes out best planting density and kind is planted the coming year, and the output of corn can improve 10～12% left and right.
Claims (10)
1. an analytical approach for corn root cap structure, its concrete operations are as follows:
A1: at raw each sampling spot that the random selected plant line-spacing of maize field is even, planting density is different then, one or several period in the jointing stage of corn growth, large mouthful phase, florescence, milk stage, maturity stage respectively to each height corn root of each sampling spot, canopy samples and the intensity of illumination of measuring each height maize canopy;
Each canopy sample of obtaining is carried out respectively to stem processed, measure the dry weight of each canopy sample;
Each root layer sample of obtaining is carried out respectively to root processed, measure the weight numerical value of each root layer after root processed, use Density Function of Normal Distribution accumulation to calculate root layer sample dry weight this weight numerical value;
A2: each root that above-mentioned each sampling spot is recorded, the dry weight of canopy sample are drawn out maize population structural drawing, the intensity of illumination of each canopy input data processing equipment carries out analyzing and processing.
2. the analytical approach of corn root cap structure as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: in data processing equipment, utilize Sigmaplot10.0 Software on Drawing group structure figure.
3. the analytical approach of corn root cap structure as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the method that canopy samples is by predetermined bed thickness, to extract respectively the maize canopy of each height with sheet cutter, and the canopy sample of gained is packed into mesh bag and performs mark.
4. the analytical approach of corn root cap structure as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the drill bit that the method that root layer samples is is 6～8cm with diameter carries out vertical section sampling, sampling depth is 80cm, take centered by sampling plant and radius is 0～6cm, 6～12cm, 12～18cm three circles or annular resample area are evenly got respectively 7～8 samples, by every 20cm, carry out stratified sampling from top to bottom, the root layer sample of gained is respectively charged into plastic seal pocket and carries out mark.
5. the analytical approach of corn root cap structure as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: stem processed is 28～30min that canopy sample is completed in 100～105 ℃ of baking ovens, and then dries to constant weight at 80～82 ℃;
Root processed is that each root layer sample water after soil screening is rinsed, and then selects root sample, 28～30min that root sample is completed in 100～105 ℃ of baking ovens, and then dry to constant weight at 80～82 ℃.
6. an implantation methods for corn, its concrete operations are as follows:
A1: at raw each sampling spot that the random selected plant line-spacing of maize field is even, planting density is different then, one or several period in the jointing stage of corn growth, large mouthful phase, florescence, milk stage, maturity stage respectively to each height corn root of each sampling spot, canopy samples and the intensity of illumination of measuring each height maize canopy;
Each canopy sample of obtaining is carried out respectively to stem processed, measure the dry weight of each canopy sample;
Each root layer sample of obtaining is carried out respectively to root processed, measure the weight numerical value of each root layer after root processed, use Density Function of Normal Distribution accumulation to calculate root layer sample dry weight this weight numerical value;
A2: each root that above-mentioned each sampling spot is recorded, the dry weight of canopy sample are drawn out maize population structural drawing, the intensity of illumination of each canopy input data processing equipment carries out analyzing and processing, draw the Optimum Planting Density of corn.
A3: next year is carried out maize planting according to the corn Optimum Planting Density drawing in B2.
7. the analytical approach of corn root cap structure as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that: in data processing equipment, utilize Sigmaplot10.0 Software on Drawing group structure figure.
8. the analytical approach of corn root cap structure as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that: the method that canopy samples is by predetermined bed thickness, to extract respectively the maize canopy of each height with sheet cutter, and the canopy sample of gained is packed into mesh bag and performs mark.
9. the analytical approach of corn root cap structure as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that: the drill bit that the method that root layer samples is is 6～8cm with diameter carries out vertical section sampling, sampling depth is 80cm, take centered by sampling plant and radius is 0～6cm, 6～12cm, 12～18cm three circles or annular resample area are evenly got respectively 7～8 samples, by every 20cm, carry out stratified sampling from top to bottom, the root layer sample of gained is respectively charged into plastic seal pocket and carries out mark.
10. the analytical approach of corn root cap structure as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that: stem processed is 28～30min that canopy sample is completed in 100～105 ℃ of baking ovens, and then dries to constant weight at 80～82 ℃;
Root processed is that each root layer sample water after soil sieve screening is rinsed, and then selects root sample, 28～30min that root sample is completed in 100～105 ℃ of baking ovens, and then dry to constant weight at 80～82 ℃.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109169071A (en) * | 2018-10-25 | 2019-01-11 | 石河子大学 | A kind of Xinjiang region corn and Soybean Intercropping plant interpretation of result method |
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| 吕丽华等: "不同种植密度下的夏玉米冠层结构及光合特性", 《作物学报》 * |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109169071A (en) * | 2018-10-25 | 2019-01-11 | 石河子大学 | A kind of Xinjiang region corn and Soybean Intercropping plant interpretation of result method |
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Application publication date: 20140402 |