CN103689281A - Preparation method of stichopus japonicus microorganism degumming kelp fermented feed - Google Patents
Preparation method of stichopus japonicus microorganism degumming kelp fermented feed Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a preparation method of a stichopus japonicus microorganism degumming kelp fermented feed. The preparation method comprises the steps: adding microecologics capable of degrading sodium alginate in kelp in a basal feed with the kelp as a main raw material and fermenting, wherein the basal feed comprises the following components in percent by weight: 45-55 percent of kelp meal, 5-15 percent of fish meal, 25-35 percent of sea mud, 5-10 percent of shell powder and 1-5 percent of decavitamin and mineral substances, and the amount of the microecologics is 1-5 percent of the weight of the basal feed. According to the feed disclosed by the invention, the digestibility and utilization rate of stichopus japonicus to the kelp can be remarkably increased, the nutrition and energy level required by the growth of the stichopus japonicus are met, the problem of deficiency of sargassum thunbergii resources of an excellent bait for the stichopus japonicus is effectively solved; and the feed has a raw material value-added function, and is low in cost. Under a better ecological condition, the feed is capable of reducing the damage of the residual bait to a culturing water body, promoting the immunity of the stichopus japonicus to a certain extent, and preventing antibiotics from being used.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of feed, more particularly, relate to a kind of preparation method with the low-cost environment-friendly stichopus japonicus microbial degumming sea-tangle fermented feed of raw material value-added functionality.
Background technology
At present, stichopus japonicus is the economic kind of sea-farming that China's output value is the highest.According to statistics, national stichopus japonicus annual value of production in 2011 surpasses more than 300 hundred million.Along with apostichopus japonicus culture pattern is turned to intensive by extensiveization, about the research of apostichopus japonicus Selenka feed, more and more receive insider's concern, the feed cost of intensive aquaculture accounts for the more than 70% of whole aquaculture cost, and apostichopus japonicus Selenka feed and nutrition problem become the bottleneck problem that restriction apostichopus japonicus culture industry develops in a healthy way always.Wherein high-quality bait is deficient, and to efficiency of feed utilization, to ruin water quality etc. be most critical factor for low and residual bait.
Sargassum thunbergii, sargassum, the marine algas such as sea-tangle are modal feedstuffs in apostichopus japonicus Selenka feed, wherein sargassum thunbergii is considered to the best high-quality bait of stichopus japonicus, but along with a large amount of exploitations of sargassum thunbergii resource, has now faced that supply falls short of demand, the predicament holding at high price.And sea-tangle is because it is with low cost, the advantage such as output is high, nutritious is also through being commonly used for one of apostichopus japonicus Selenka feed primary raw material composition.But sea-tangle contains very high algin because of cell membrane, and has limited its use as stichopus japonicus high-quality bait.In stichopus japonicus body, alginase activity is in very low level, therefore the macro digestion power that sea-tangle etc. is rich in to algin a little less than, most of feed ingredients are not fully digested, just be excluded external, this not only causes the waste of feed, do not reach feed by the abundant object of trans-utilization, and in water body, contain residual baits such as algin that a large amount of viscosity is higher also can polluted water, the more important thing is and affected the efficient absorption utilization of stichopus japonicus to nutritional labeling.
Summary of the invention
For the problems referred to above, the present invention is determining stichopus japonicus digestion, on the basis of the physilogical characteristics such as nutrition (weak to algin abilities of digestive and absorption), develops a kind of raw material increment environment-friendly microbial sea-tangle fermented feed that comes unstuck.Utilize this probiotics algin of sea-tangle composition in apostichopus japonicus Selenka feed of can effectively degrading, thereby significantly improve stichopus japonicus to the digestibility of sea-tangle, utilization rate.And effectively avoid the pollution problem to apostichopus japonicus culture water body of algin that the viscosity that cannot fully be digested by stichopus japonicus is higher.And catabolite algin oligosaccharide itself is again a kind of immunopotentiating agent, a large amount of sea-tangle algins that make originally can not fully to be digested and assimilated become the stichopus japonicus immune enhancers of natural green.In addition, utilize microorganism fermentation, feedstuff can be converted into mycoprotein, the little molecule of biologically active, changes feedstuff physicochemical property, meets better stichopus japonicus to the absorbing with balanced of nutriment, suppresses pathogen and grows in a large number.
In order to achieve the above object, the preparation method of a kind of stichopus japonicus microbial degumming of the present invention sea-tangle fermented feed, comprises the steps:
S1, prepare basal feed, according to mass percent, comprise following composition: Kelp Powder 45～55%, fish meal 5～15%, ooze 25～35%, oyster shell whiting 5～10%;
S2, the probio of getting degraded sea-tangle algin add in described basal feed, and add the aseptic material water containing 1%NaCL, at 25～35 ℃ of fermentation time 48～72h; Wherein, described probio and described material water are respectively 1～5% and 2～5% of described basal feed quality;
In addition, described probio is bacterium powder, selects the Mixed Microbes powder of Bacillus flexus, bacillus cereus, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Hai Kebeite Salmonella.In order to ensure the activity of probio, the probiotics bacterial powder that need select freeze drying low temperature to preserve.Above-mentioned probio, as probiotics mixture, all containing algin digestive enzyme, is difficult to by the algin of stichopus japonicus digestibility and utilization in the sea-tangle of can effectively degrading.
Under optimal way, in step S2 fermentation before, the sodium alginate and the urea that add described basal feed quality 0.05～0.15%, produce derivant and the supplementary nitrogenous source of algin catenase as probiotics, can guarantee in sweat that algin comes unstuck to carry out smoothly.The method that adds of sodium alginate and urea is: described sodium alginate and urea add in fermentate after being dissolved in advance described material water.
In addition,, under optimal way, in fermentation primary fermentation thing, add powdery B B-complex and the mineral matter of described basal feed quality 1～5%, or after having fermented, add powdery B B-complex and the mineral matter of described basal feed quality 1～5%.
Under optimum way, the preparation method of stichopus japonicus microbial degumming sea-tangle fermented feed of the present invention comprises the steps:
1. by the raw material drying of basal feed to water content not higher than 20%, be crushed to 100～200 orders;
2. by step 1. raw material by following mass percent, mix and make basal feed: Kelp Powder 45～55%, fish meal 5～15%, ooze 25～35%, oyster shell whiting 5～10%, B B-complex and mineral matter 1～5%;
3. by quality, be in the sodium alginate of basal feed 0.05～0.15% and the sterilized water of the salt content 1% that urea is dissolved in basal feed quality 2～5%, obtain solution A
4. solution A and basal feed quality 1～5% probiotics are evenly sneaked into the basal feed that 2. step makes, at 25～35 ℃ of condition bottom fermentation 48～72h.
In the preparation method of above-mentioned feed, also should comprise the program to fermented feed post processing, those skilled in the art can carry out as required the formulation of finished product feedstuff and process, formulation can be Powdered feed, also can make according to actual needs streak feed material or sheet feed stuff etc.
The present invention is determining on the basis of the physilogical characteristics such as stichopus japonicus digestion, nutrition, with green, environmental protection, raw material increment, reduce costs as starting point, invention aims to provide a kind of alternative high-quality natural bait, has the preparation method of the environment-friendly type stichopus japonicus fermentative feedstuff of microbe of raw material value-added functionality.The inventive method is come unstuck by fermentation, and the algin that degraded is difficult to be digested and assimilated by stichopus japonicus, makes it change the brown alga oligose with BA into, has significantly increased the value of sea-tangle, reduces feed coefficient; In the sweat participating at multiple-microorganism, protein quality changes, and the synthetic good microprotein of a large amount of qualities, is more conducive to stichopus japonicus and absorbs; During the fermentation, can produce active oligosaccharides, various vitamin, unknown somatomedin, increases palatability and grazing rate.This feed not only can meet the normal nutritional need of stichopus japonicus and energy level, the digestibility and the utilization rate to feed that improve stichopus japonicus, make stichopus japonicus maintain certain speed of growth, reduces the pollution of residual bait to breeding water body, and with low cost, be the favorable substitutes of stichopus japonicus high-quality bait sargassum thunbergii.
Feed of the present invention can significantly improve stichopus japonicus to the digestibility of sea-tangle and utilization rate, meets stichopus japonicus growth desired nutritional and energy level, effectively solves the deficient problem of stichopus japonicus high-quality bait sargassum thunbergii resource, has raw material value-added functionality, and with low cost; Under good ecological condition, feed of the present invention can reduce the destruction of remaining bait to breeding water body, to a certain degree promotes stichopus japonicus immunity, avoids antibiotic use.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment 1
Step 1: feedstuff pretreatment, is dried to water content not higher than 15%, coarse crushing to 100～200 order; Wherein, feedstuff is Kelp Powder, fish meal, ooze, oyster shell whiting and B B-complex and mineral matter.
Step 2: weigh Kelp Powder 5kg, fish meal 1kg, ooze 3kg, oyster shell whiting 0.75kg, B B-complex and mineral matter 0.25kg;
Wherein, the required interpolation composition of basal feed of described B B-complex and mineral matter and prior art and quantity require identical.At this, provide a kind of optimal way, described B B-complex and mineral composition are (mgg
-1): thiamin hydrochloride0.5, riboflavin1.0, nicotinic acid0.75, pyridoxine hydrochloride 1.5, vitamin B
120.05, calcium pantothenate 10, L-ascorbyl-2-monophosphate-Mg50, choline chloride200, menadione2, retinol acetate 0.6, Vitamin E 10, α-cellulose 723.6; MgSO
4-7H
2o 100, ZnSO
4-7H
2o 3, CoCl
2-6H
2o 1, MnSO
4-H
2o 1, Al Cl
3-6H
2o 0.2, FeSO
4-7H
2o 30, CuCl
2-2H
2o 63, calcium carbonate 801.8.
Step 3: the rear raw material of weighing is placed in mixer and fully stirs, and mixes and obtains basal feed;
Step 4: take 0.01kg sodium alginate and 0.01kg urea, be dissolved in 0.35kg containing in the sterilized water of NaCL 1% together with 0.25kg mixing probiotics bacterium powder, gained solution is evenly admixed to basal feed; (also, after solubilized sodium alginate and urea, adding in basal feed together with probio).
Wherein, the Mixed Microbes powder that described probiotics bacterium powder is Bacillus flexus, bacillus cereus, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Hai Kebeite Salmonella.
Step 5: under 30 ℃ of conditions, fermentation 72h, charge is 1/3 volume;
Step 6: dry, check, packing, presses grain to become the feed of various particle diameters standby according to actual conditions.Wherein viable bacteria content is 10
8more than CFU/ml.
Embodiment 2
Step 1: feedstuff pretreatment, is dried to water content not higher than 15%, coarse crushing to 100～200 order;
Wherein, feedstuff is Kelp Powder, fish meal, ooze, oyster shell whiting and B B-complex and mineral matter.
Step 2: weigh Kelp Powder 5.5kg, fish meal 1kg, ooze 2.5kg, oyster shell whiting 0.8kg, B B-complex and mineral matter 0.2kg;
Step 3: the rear raw material of weighing is placed in mixer and fully stirs, and mixes and obtains basal feed;
Step 4: take 0.01kg sodium alginate and 0.01kg urea, be dissolved in the sterilized water of 0.35kg salt content 1% together with the above-mentioned Mixed Microbes powder of 0.25kg, gained solution is evenly admixed to basal feed; (also, after solubilized sodium alginate and urea, adding in basal feed together with probio).
Wherein, Mixed Microbes powder is the Mixed Microbes powder of Bacillus flexus, bacillus cereus, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Hai Kebeite Salmonella.
Step 5: under 30 ℃ of conditions, fermentation 72h, charge is 1/3 volume;
Step 6: dry, check, packing, presses grain to become the feed of various particle diameters standby according to actual conditions.Wherein viable bacteria content is 10
8more than CFU/ml.
Embodiment 3
Select the similar healthy stichopus japonicus of size as experimental subjects, body weight 5 ± 0.3g.Investigate foregoing invention fermented feed and the difference of common apostichopus japonicus Selenka feed to stichopus japonicus growth performance.Wherein common apostichopus japonicus Selenka feed is produced by Dalian Sai Mu bio-engineering corporation, and its each component is Zostera marina powder 45%, ooze 25%, fish meal 5%, bean cake powder 20%, vitamin and mineral matter 2%, wheaten starch 3%.Before experiment starts, carry out adaptability and support temporarily, all box for breeding 24h aerations, adopt flowing water system, lucifuge, change 30% breeding water body every day, inhale weekly low blowdown once, in whole experimentation, dissolved oxygen >=6mg/l, water temperature is held in 16-18 ℃, pH7.9-8.1, and salinity is 30-32ppt.The set time every day above-mentioned two kinds of feeds of throwing something and feeding respectively, feeding volume is 5% of stichopus japonicus weight, test is carried out 60 days.
The stichopus japonicus microbial degumming sea-tangle fermented feed of the embodiment of the present invention 1 and above-mentioned control feed are more as shown in table 1 to stichopus japonicus growth performance:
The above; it is only the preferably specific embodiment of the present invention; but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this; anyly be familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; according to technical scheme of the present invention and inventive concept thereof, be equal to replacement or changed, within all should being encompassed in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. a preparation method for stichopus japonicus microbial degumming sea-tangle fermented feed, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
S1, prepare basal feed, according to mass percent, comprise following composition: Kelp Powder 45～55%, fish meal 5～15%, ooze 25～35%, oyster shell whiting 5～10%;
S2, the probio of getting degraded sea-tangle algin add in described basal feed, and the aseptic material water adding containing 1%NaCL mixes after fermentation; Wherein, described probio and described material water are respectively 1～5% and 2～5% of described basal feed quality;
In addition, described probio is bacterium powder, selects the Mixed Microbes powder of Bacillus flexus, bacillus cereus, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, Hai Kebeite Salmonella.
2. the preparation method of stichopus japonicus microbial degumming sea-tangle fermented feed according to claim 1, is characterized in that, step S2, at 25～35 ℃ of fermentation 48～72h.
3. the preparation method of stichopus japonicus microbial degumming sea-tangle fermented feed according to claim 2, is characterized in that, in step S2, before fermentation, adds sodium alginate and the urea of described basal feed quality 0.05～0.15%.
4. the preparation method of stichopus japonicus microbial degumming sea-tangle fermented feed according to claim 3, is characterized in that, the method that adds of sodium alginate and urea is: described sodium alginate and urea add in fermentate after being dissolved in advance described material water.
5. according to the preparation method of the arbitrary described stichopus japonicus microbial degumming sea-tangle fermented feed of claim 1～4,, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
S1, described basal feed is dried to water content is less than or equal to 20%, powder size 100～200 orders;
S2, described sodium alginate and urea are dissolved in after described material water, evenly sneak into described basal feed together with described probiotics bacterial powder, ferment.
6. according to the preparation method of the arbitrary described stichopus japonicus microbial degumming sea-tangle fermented feed of claim 1～4, it is characterized in that, in fermentation primary fermentation thing, add powdery B B-complex and the mineral matter of described basal feed quality 1～5%, or after having fermented, add powdery B B-complex and the mineral matter of described basal feed quality 1～5%.
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| CN106578732A (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2017-04-26 | 大连赛姆生物工程技术有限公司 | Preparation method of microbial kelp degummed fermented feed and application thereof in stichopus japonicus culture |
| CN107691885A (en) * | 2016-10-27 | 2018-02-16 | 龙口华滢生物科技有限公司 | A kind of sea cucumber seedlings are kept a full stand of seedings phase feed and preparation method thereof |
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105795104A (en) * | 2014-12-30 | 2016-07-27 | 山东大学（威海） | Preparation method of mixed feed for sea cucumber |
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| CN108949615A (en) * | 2018-06-25 | 2018-12-07 | 青岛农业大学 | Probiotics for the apostichopus japonicus Selenka feed that ferments |
| CN110338278A (en) * | 2019-07-30 | 2019-10-18 | 威海长青海洋科技股份有限公司 | One main laminaria fermented feed containing probiotics and preparation method thereof |
| CN115067437A (en) * | 2022-07-06 | 2022-09-20 | 福州天凯生物科技有限责任公司 | Production process for preparing abalone feed by utilizing fermented degummed kelp |
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