CN103661357B - 用于连续可变变速器的控制系统和方法 - Google Patents

用于连续可变变速器的控制系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN103661357B
CN103661357B CN201310415016.4A CN201310415016A CN103661357B CN 103661357 B CN103661357 B CN 103661357B CN 201310415016 A CN201310415016 A CN 201310415016A CN 103661357 B CN103661357 B CN 103661357B
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motor
speed
speed ratio
vsr
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CN103661357A (zh
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J.X.崔
R.A.韦弗
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GM Global Technology Operations LLC
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/66Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings
    • F16H61/664Friction gearings
    • F16H61/6648Friction gearings controlling of shifting being influenced by a signal derived from the engine and the main coupling
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H63/00Control outputs from the control unit to change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion or to other devices than the final output mechanism
    • F16H63/02Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms
    • F16H63/04Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms a single final output mechanism being moved by a single final actuating mechanism
    • F16H63/06Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms a single final output mechanism being moved by a single final actuating mechanism the final output mechanism having an indefinite number of positions
    • F16H63/065Final output mechanisms therefor; Actuating means for the final output mechanisms a single final output mechanism being moved by a single final actuating mechanism the final output mechanism having an indefinite number of positions hydraulic actuating means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K23/00Arrangement or mounting of control devices for vehicle transmissions, or parts thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • B60K23/02Arrangement or mounting of control devices for vehicle transmissions, or parts thereof, not otherwise provided for for main transmission clutches
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/04Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units
    • B60W10/06Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of propulsion units including control of combustion engines
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/10Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60WCONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/10Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
    • B60W10/101Infinitely variable gearings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02BINTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B67/00Engines characterised by the arrangement of auxiliary apparatus not being otherwise provided for, e.g. the apparatus having different functions; Driving auxiliary apparatus from engines, not otherwise provided for
    • F02B67/04Engines characterised by the arrangement of auxiliary apparatus not being otherwise provided for, e.g. the apparatus having different functions; Driving auxiliary apparatus from engines, not otherwise provided for of mechanically-driven auxiliary apparatus
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B13/00Details of servomotor systems ; Valves for servomotor systems
    • F15B13/02Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors
    • F15B13/04Fluid distribution or supply devices characterised by their adaptation to the control of servomotors for use with a single servomotor
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H15/00Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by friction between rotary members
    • F16H15/02Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by friction between rotary members without members having orbital motion
    • F16H15/04Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios
    • F16H15/06Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios in which a member A of uniform effective diameter mounted on a shaft may co-operate with different parts of a member B
    • F16H15/32Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios in which a member A of uniform effective diameter mounted on a shaft may co-operate with different parts of a member B in which the member B has a curved friction surface formed as a surface of a body of revolution generated by a curve which is neither a circular arc centered on its axis of revolution nor a straight line
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H15/00Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by friction between rotary members
    • F16H15/02Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by friction between rotary members without members having orbital motion
    • F16H15/04Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios
    • F16H15/06Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios in which a member A of uniform effective diameter mounted on a shaft may co-operate with different parts of a member B
    • F16H15/32Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios in which a member A of uniform effective diameter mounted on a shaft may co-operate with different parts of a member B in which the member B has a curved friction surface formed as a surface of a body of revolution generated by a curve which is neither a circular arc centered on its axis of revolution nor a straight line
    • F16H15/36Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios in which a member A of uniform effective diameter mounted on a shaft may co-operate with different parts of a member B in which the member B has a curved friction surface formed as a surface of a body of revolution generated by a curve which is neither a circular arc centered on its axis of revolution nor a straight line with concave friction surface, e.g. a hollow toroid surface
    • F16H15/38Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios in which a member A of uniform effective diameter mounted on a shaft may co-operate with different parts of a member B in which the member B has a curved friction surface formed as a surface of a body of revolution generated by a curve which is neither a circular arc centered on its axis of revolution nor a straight line with concave friction surface, e.g. a hollow toroid surface with two members B having hollow toroid surfaces opposite to each other, the member or members A being adjustably mounted between the surfaces
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H15/00Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by friction between rotary members
    • F16H15/02Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by friction between rotary members without members having orbital motion
    • F16H15/04Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios
    • F16H15/42Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios in which two members co-operate by means of rings or by means of parts of endless flexible members pressed between the first mentioned members
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H15/00Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by friction between rotary members
    • F16H15/48Gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio, or for reversing rotary motion, by friction between rotary members with members having orbital motion
    • F16H15/50Gearings providing a continuous range of gear ratios
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/66Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/66Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings
    • F16H61/662Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings with endless flexible members
    • F16H61/66254Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings with endless flexible members controlling of shifting being influenced by a signal derived from the engine and the main coupling
    • F16H61/66259Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings with endless flexible members controlling of shifting being influenced by a signal derived from the engine and the main coupling using electrical or electronical sensing or control means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/66Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings
    • F16H61/664Friction gearings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/66Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for continuously variable gearings
    • F16H61/664Friction gearings
    • F16H61/6649Friction gearings characterised by the means for controlling the torque transmitting capability of the gearing
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/70Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for change-speed gearing in group arrangement, i.e. with separate change-speed gear trains arranged in series, e.g. range or overdrive-type gearing arrangements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H61/00Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing
    • F16H61/70Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for change-speed gearing in group arrangement, i.e. with separate change-speed gear trains arranged in series, e.g. range or overdrive-type gearing arrangements
    • F16H61/702Control functions within control units of change-speed- or reversing-gearings for conveying rotary motion ; Control of exclusively fluid gearing, friction gearing, gearings with endless flexible members or other particular types of gearing specially adapted for change-speed gearing in group arrangement, i.e. with separate change-speed gear trains arranged in series, e.g. range or overdrive-type gearing arrangements using electric or electrohydraulic control means
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    • G05BCONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
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Abstract

提供了一种通过变换器速比(VSR)闭环反馈来控制连续可变变速器的系统和方法。该方法包括基于驾驶员和车辆输入中的至少一个确定希望的VSR、确定调节滚轮位置所需的电动机位置调节以达到希望的VSR、基于确定的所需的电机位置调节驱动电机、在电动机正被驱动时感测变速器输出速度、在电动机正被驱动时确定实际的VSR和提供对应于实际的VSR与希望的VSR之间的任何差异的闭环反馈并驱动电机以消除该差异,由此通过提高的快速响应时间和更准确的控制,达到希望的VSR。

Description

用于连续可变变速器的控制系统和方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种控制系统和方法,其在用于车辆的连续可变变速器中具有变换器速比闭环反馈。
背景技术
具有联接到连续可变或无级变速器的内燃发动机的动力总成被用来提供有效的驱动系统。在连续可变或无级变速器(此后称为“CVT”)中,变速器传动比可以以连续的方式从最大减速传动比(under drive ratio)变化至最大增速传动比(over drive ratio)。这允许发动机在最佳油耗区域或最佳性能区域运行。
CVT包括牵引驱动组件,通常为整环式单元或半环式单元的形式。这些装置都经由滚轮通过牵引力将功率或扭矩从输入盘传递到输出盘。CVT通常包括至少两个输入盘、两个输出盘和设置在相应的输入盘/输出盘对之间的多个滚轮。输入盘、输出盘和滚轮的每个组件是变换器。每个变换器具有变换器速比(VSR),其是输入盘速度和输出盘速度之间的比率。变换器速比是滚轮所定位的角度的函数。滚轮可旋转地支撑在凸耳上,液压力施加到所述凸耳上,以将滚轮在相应的输入和输出盘对之间保持在希望位置。施加到凸耳上的液压压力建立盘和滚轮之间的牵引力。由于液压系统中的滞后,使用液压电磁阀或类似这样的液压控制装置来改变液压力的系统可能不能快速地变化。
当前的CVT系统可使用步进电动机或其他类型的促动装置来以开环调节促动器位置,从而达到希望的滚轮位置,并且由此达到希望的VSR。控制器指导步进电动机运动若干步距至计算出的位置,由此调节促动器位置。计算出的位置对应于希望的VSR。VSR中的变化导致变速器速度的变化,从而车辆动力学特性变化。使用这些车辆动力学变化以及驾驶员输入,CVT控制系统在步进电动机被指导再次运动、调节促动器位置之前确定新的希望的VSR。因此,这样的CVT控制系统具有慢的响应时间,且非常依赖于步进电动机定位的精度来达到希望的VSR。因此,需要这样的控制系统,其提高响应时间和CVT的精度,并降低由于步进电动机的所需的精度而导致的成本。
发明内容
提供了一种通过变换器速比闭环反馈来控制连续可变变速器的方法。该方法响应于驾驶员和车辆输入,并在具有变换器和电机的系统中操作,所述变换器包括至少一个滚轮,其操作地定位在输入盘和输出盘之间,从而变换器速比(VSR)被定义为输出盘速度与输入盘速度的比,所述电动机用于调节滚轮位置。该方法包括基于驾驶员和车辆输入中的至少一个,确定希望的VSR。接下来,该方法包括确定调节滚轮的位置所需的电机位置调节,以达到希望的VSR。该方法包括基于所需的电机位置调节驱动电机。接下来该方法包括:在电动机正被驱动时感测变速器输出速度、在电动机正被驱动时确定实际的VSR以及提供对应于实际的VSR与希望的VSR之间的任何差异的闭环反馈。该电机被驱动以消除实际和希望的VSR之间的差异,由此通过提高的快速响应时间和更准确的控制达到希望的VSR。
提供了用于控制车辆中的连续可变变速器的系统,该系统响应于驾驶员和车辆输入。该系统包括变换器和电机,所述变换器具有至少一个滚轮,其操作地定位在输入盘和输出盘之间,从而变换器速比(VSR)被定义为输出盘速度与输入盘速度的比,所述电机用于调节滚轮位置。该系统还包括控制器,其用于使用控制模块控制变换器和电机,所述控制模块基于驾驶员和车辆输入中的至少一个确定希望的VSR、确定调节滚轮位置所需的电机位置调节以达到希望的VSR、基于确定的所需的电机位置调节驱动电机、在电机正被驱动时感测变速器输出速度、在电机正被驱动时确定实际的VSR和提供对应于实际的VSR与希望的VSR之间的任何差异的闭环反馈并驱动电机以消除实际的VSR与希望的VSR之间的差异,由此通过提高的快速响应时间和更准确的控制达到希望的VSR。
还提供了一种车辆,其包括用于控制连续可变变速器的系统,该系统响应于驾驶员和车辆输入。
本发明的上述特征和优势及其他特征和优势将在结合附图时,从用于实施如所附的权利要求中定义的本发明的一些最佳模式和其它实施例的以下详细描述显而易见。
附图说明
图1是具有本发明的改进的控制系统的连续可变变速器(CVT)的示意图;
图2是沿图1的线2-2的方向截取的变换器的局部示意图;
图3是控制模块的功能框图,所述控制模块用于本发明的改进的控制系统的控制器;和
图4是用于与本发明的改进的控制系统一起使用的变换器速比(VSR)对变速器速比(TSR)的曲线图。
具体实施方式
参考图1,示出了包括具有改进的控制系统的连续可变变速器(CVT)100的车辆10,所述改进的控制系统具有本发明的变换器速比(VSR)闭环反馈。车辆10包括发动机12,例如内燃发动机,其驱动第一联接装置16,比如离合器。第一联接装置16驱动CVT100(为了清楚,在较长虚线内示出)的输入轴18。CVT100的输出轴24连接到第二联接装置26,比如差速器。第二联接装置26的输出轴28可以是用于推进车辆10的车轮30的车轴。车辆10还包括驾驶员输入装置32,比如加速踏板。在整个本描述中被称为控制器40的电子控制单元(ECU)可定位在CVT100之外,用以提供本发明的改进的控制系统。替代地,变速器控制单元(TCU)(未示出)可以位于CVT100内部,且可包括用于提供本发明的改进的控制系统的控制器。
多个传感器定位在车辆10周围,用来感测和提供用于本发明的改进的控制系统的信号。例如,加速踏板位置传感器42可安装在驾驶员输入装置32附近,以将驾驶员信息信号43提供到控制器40。车辆速度传感器52可安装在车轮30附近,用于将车辆运行信息信号53提供到控制器40。变速器输入速度传感器44可安装在第一联接装置16附近,输入轴18上,以将变速器输入速度信号45提供到控制器40。变速器输出速度传感器50可安装在CVT100和第二联接装置26之间,在输出轴24上,以将变速器输出速度信号51提供到控制器40。这两个信号45和51可在控制器40中被结合,以提供实际的变速器速比。尽管来自传感器的所述信号作为分立的线被显示,但它们可包括在公共总线上、被无线地发送、在用于本发明的多芯电缆等上被发送。
仍参考图1,CVT100(为了清楚,在较长虚线内显示)包括变换器102(为了清楚,被显示为围在较短虚线内),所述变换器包括至少一个输入盘110和至少一个输出盘120,其分别通过扭矩联接装置112联接到输入轴18,并且通过扭矩联接装置122和变速器联接装置124(如果需要)联接到输出轴24。输入盘速度传感器46提供输入盘速度信号47到控制器40,输出盘速度传感器48提供输出盘速度信号49到控制器40。操作地定位在变换器102的输入盘110和输出盘120之间的是至少一个滚轮130。尽管在图1中显示了仅一个代表性的滚轮130、一个输入盘110和一个输出盘120,但本领域技术人员将理解,CVT100的变换器102通常包括至少两个输入盘、两个输出盘和布置在相应输入盘/输出盘对之间的多个滚轮。
如图1和2所示,变换器102的滚轮130以多个角度可旋转地定位,以控制从输入盘110向输出盘120传递的功率或扭矩的量。滚轮130摩擦地接合盘110、120,以将功率或扭矩从输入轴18传递到输出轴24。滚轮130可旋转地支撑在凸耳132和杆134上,所述杆134具有通过活塞136施加的液压力,以将滚轮130保持在输入盘110和输出盘120之间的希望位置。
再次参考图1,杆134运动穿过壳体138,所述壳体138围绕活塞136和杆134的一部分。活塞136和杆134将壳体138分为相等面积的腔体,包括第一腔体140和第二腔体150。第一腔体140与第一通道142流体连通,第二腔体150与第二通道152流体连通。壳体138包括球形止回阀(未示出),该止回阀允许第一腔体140和第二腔体150分别与通道142、152之间的流体连通(取决于腔体140、150中的哪一个具有更高的压力水平)。活塞136和杆134上的压力转化为凸耳132上的旋转力,以旋转滚轮130,由此改变输入盘110和输出盘120之间的滚轮130位置。
第一腔体140和第二腔体150中的液压力通过比率控制阀160建立。比率控制阀160具有连接在卷轴杆180上的一对卷轴162、164,所述卷轴杆180在套筒182内可滑动地运动。比率控制阀160液压地连接到泵170和两个贮存器166、168,两个贮存器166、168分别用于当卷轴162和164在卷轴杆180上随着电机178和下连杆176运动而运动时,使得通道142和152中的压力变化。电机178可以是DC伺服电机、任何其他电机或任何促动器,其不需要像步进电机那样提供精度控制。由于包括本发明的改进的控制系统的模块350的闭环反馈(见图1和3),这种精度控制是不必要的。参考图1,下连杆176具有接触上连杆174的第一端部175和连接到电机178的第二端部177。压力传感器144和154分别与通道142、152中的液压流体处于流体压力传感连通。形成在杆134上的凸轮172通过上连杆174提供滚轮130的角位置的反馈。卷轴162、164由电动机178通过下连杆176的第二端部177定位。套筒182与通道142、152和流体贮存器166和168流体连通。
仍参考图1,控制器40可包括数字处理能力,并适于基于输入信号(例如车辆运行信息信号53上的车辆速度和经由发动机信号13的发动机扭矩)发出控制信号。控制器40可配置为通用数字计算机,其通常包括微处理器或中央处理单元、只读存储器(ROM)、随机访问存储器(RAM)、电可擦可编程只读存储器(EPROM)、高速时钟、模拟-数字(A/D)和数字-模拟(D/A)电路和输入/输出(I/O)电路与装置,以及适当的信号调制和缓冲电路。存在于控制器40中或可由其访问的任何算法和控制系统指令,包括所述的根据本发明的改进的CVT控制系统300模块(见图1和3),可存储在ROM中,并被执行以提供相应的功能。
参考图1和3,示出了本发明的改进的CVT控制系统300的框图。控制系统首先在模块310中接收输入信号302,所述输入信号302包括驾驶员信息,例如所示的加速器踏板位置。驾驶员信息可替代地经由发动机信号线路13使用来自发动机12的节流阀位置信息被获取。输入信号302还可经由车辆运行信息信号53包括比如当前车辆速度等车辆信息。这些信号通常被输入到控制器内,例如控制器40。发动机和车辆信息(例如变化的车辆速度或减小的发动机扭矩)也被通过反馈输入信号304输入到模块310中,如图所示。基于这些输入,控制器40在模块310中确定希望的VSR。在本发明中,模块310的输出被与模块350的输出相比较,模块350在闭环反馈中提供实际VSR。该实际的VSR可以由控制器40使用实际输出盘速度信号49和实际输入盘速度信号47的比确定。替代地,实际的VSR反馈可通过控制器40使用查找表确定,所述查找表基于例如图4中所示的变换器速比(VSR)对变速器速比(TSR)的曲线。变速器速比可由控制器40使用如图1中所示的变速器输出速度信号51与变速器输入速度信号45的比而确定。
仍参考图1和3,在模块320中,控制器40使用希望的VSR以及实际的VSR与希望的VSR之间的任何差异确定电机位置调节。(在起动程序中,将不存在实际的VSR,因此第一模块320的输出将对应于模块310的输出。)所需的电动机位置调节可使用商业软件中可容易地获得的比例-积分-微分(PID)算法确定。其他闭环控制算法也可用于本发明的范围内。在模块330中,基于该确定的电机位置调节,控制器40发送电机控制信号41,以基于该电机位置调节驱动电机178,并使下连杆176运动,使得卷轴162和164如上所述地运动。该运动引起压力差(在腔体140、150中)变化,引起实际的VSR变化。在模块340中,基于该变化的VSR,控制器40感测或测量随其变化的对应的实际变速器输出速度。最后,在模块360中,改进的控制系统使用变化的变速器输出来推动车辆10,并发送反馈信号304,所述反馈信号304包含变化的车辆速度、变化的发动机扭矩和如上所讨论的其他相关信息。反馈信号304被用于在模块310中确定新的希望的VSR。在重复间隔的采样中,控制器40中被感测且包括实际车辆速度的反馈信号304如上所述地被输入到控制器40中,并在模块310中作为相对较慢的反馈信号被使用。相比于等待车辆运行条件变化以便在模块310中重新确定以在接下来的采样间隔中使用的希望的VSR,使用模块350中的实际的VSR,本发明的闭环反馈提供提高的快速响应时间和更准确的控制。
从上述讨论中很明显的是,本发明的改进的控制系统连续且迅速地确定实际的VSR,并将其与希望的VSR相比较,从而驱动电机到电机调节位置,以消除实际的VSR与希望的VSR之间的任何差异。由此,本发明的改进的控制系统以提高的快速响应时间和更准确的控制实现了希望的VSR。相对于发送控制命令以改变步进电机位置(其对应于希望的VSR)和在发送给步进电机新的命令之前等待车辆运行状态变化,本发明的闭环反馈有所改进。由于控制器(在步进电机系统中)不知道实际的VSR,而是仅根据车辆运行状态调节希望的VSR,所以需要步进电机达到准确的位置。相反,在本发明的改进的控制系统中,实际的VSR在模块350中被计算,并被以快速反馈回路被提供。因此,控制器40(使用控制模块320、330、340和350)直接经由DC伺服电动机通过调节电机位置(其调节变换器)控制VSR。
参考图4,其提供了用于与本发明的控制系统一起使用的变换器速比(VSR)对变速器速比(TSR)的示例性曲线图。使用如上所述的模块340的输出,实际的VSR可在模块350中基于变速器速比从曲线图中被读取,以提供根据本发明的闭环反馈。示例的VSR可从0.364到2.333的范围内,对应于从-0.163至0(在倒车模式中)和0至0.654(在前进模式中)范围内的变速器速比。
再次参考图1和3,提供了通过VSR闭环快速反馈控制车辆中的连续可变变速器的方法。该方法经由输入信号302和反馈信号304,响应于驾驶员和车辆输入,并且包括控制变换器102和电机178,所述变换器102包括至少一个滚轮130,其操作地定位在输入盘110和输出盘120之间,从而变换器速比(VSR)被定义为输出盘速度与输入盘速度的比,所述电机178用于调节滚轮130的位置。该方法包括,在模块310中,基于驾驶员和车辆输入中的至少一个,经由输入信号302和反馈信号304,确定希望的VSR。接下来该方法包括,在模块320中,确定调节滚轮130的位置所需的电机178的位置调节,以达到希望的VSR。该方法包括,在模块330中,基于确定的所需电机位置调节,驱动电机178。该方法包括,在模块340中,当电机正被驱动时感测变速器输出速度。该方法包括,在模块350中,在电机正被驱动时确定实际的VSR,且该方法使用对应于实际的VSR和希望的VSR之间的任何差异的闭环反馈来驱动电机,以消除该差异,由此通过提高的快速响应时间和更准确的控制实现希望的VSR。
系统和方法的详细描述以及图或附图支持和描述本发明,但是本发明的范围仅由权利要求限定。尽管已详细描述了用于执行要求保护的发明的最佳模式和其他实施例,但是存在各种替换涉及和实施例,用于实践限定在所附权利要求中的本发明。

Claims (10)

1.一种控制车辆中的连续可变变速器的方法,该方法响应于驾驶员和车辆输入,并具有变换器和电机,所述变换器包括至少一个滚轮,该至少一个滚轮操作地定位在输入盘和输出盘之间,从而变换器速比(VSR)被定义为输出盘速度与输入盘速度的比,所述电机用于调节滚轮位置,该方法包括:
基于驾驶员和车辆输入中的至少一个,确定希望的变换器速比;
确定调节滚轮的位置所需的电机位置调节,以达到希望的变换器速比;
基于确定的所需电机位置调节,驱动电机;
在电机正被驱动时,感测变速器输出速度;
在电机正被驱动时,确定实际的变换器速比;和
提供对应于实际变换器速比与希望的变换器速比之间的任何差异的闭环反馈,并且驱动电机以消除实际的变换器速比与希望的变换器速比之间的差异,由此达到希望的变换器速比。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中电机是DC伺服电机。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中,使用比例-积分-微分(PID)算法确定所需的电机位置调节。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法,包括使用车辆速度的反馈信号,来确定希望的变换器速比。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其中确定实际的变换器速比进一步包括,在电机正被驱动时感测输出盘速度和输入盘速度,并计算实际的变换器速比,所述实际的变换器速比为感测的输出盘速度和感测的输入盘速度的比。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,进一步包括感测变速器输入速度,且其中,实际的变换器速比使用感测的变速器输出速度和感测的变速器输入速度的比被确定。
7.用于控制车辆中的连续可变变速器的系统,该系统响应于驾驶员和车辆输入,该系统包括:
变换器,包括至少一个滚轮,该至少一个滚轮操作地定位在输入盘和输出盘之间,从而变换器速比(VSR)被定义为输出盘速度与输入盘速度的比;
电机,用于调节滚轮的位置;和
控制器,用于控制变换器和电机,其方式是通过:基于驾驶员和车辆输入中的至少一个确定希望的变换器速比、确定调节滚轮位置所需的电机位置调节以达到希望的变换器速比、基于确定的所需的电机位置调节驱动电机、在电机正被驱动时感测变速器输出速度、在电机正被驱动时确定实际的变换器速比和提供对应于实际的变换器速比与希望的变换器速比之间的任何差异的闭环反馈以及驱动电机以消除实际的变换器速比与希望的变换器速比之间的差异,由此达到希望的变换器速比。
8.如权利要求7所述的系统,其中电机是DC伺服电机。
9.如权利要求7所述的系统,其中控制器使用比例-积分-微分(PID)算法确定所需的电机位置调节。
10.如权利要求7所述的系统,其中控制器进一步提供用于确定希望的变换器速比的车辆速度的反馈。
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