CN103649237A - 用于改善色漆中遮盖效率的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:a)使含吸附分散剂的TiO2浆料的水性分散体接触吸附胶乳以形成混合物,其中所述TiO2浆料和所述吸附胶乳的混合物的pH足够高以抑制所述TiO2与所述吸附胶乳之间的相互作用;b)然后使步骤a)的混合物的pH下降到足够低,以促进所述TiO2和所述吸附胶乳之间的相互作用,从而形成复合体。本发明的方法为涂料组合物提供了改进的遮盖性并降低了粗粒。
Description
背景技术
已知吸附于TiO2的胶乳粘结剂与TiO2形成复合体,导致了漆膜中较高的颜料效率。可以使用吸附聚合物作为漆(预复合体)中的粘结剂的一部分,以最大化遮盖性,并可以使用第二非吸附(调漆料(let-down))粘结剂以实现其它所需特性并降低成本。现有预复合体技术中常见的问题之一是在所述复合体的制备过程中有粗粒形成,这归因于所述预复合体和TiO2的失控反应。为了控制粗粒,配方设计人员必须小心地在受控制的条件下混合吸附胶乳与颜料以避免成絮,这通常要求昂贵的高剪切混合。因此,如果以一种受控制的且成本低廉的方式来降低含胶乳粘结剂与TiO2的制剂中的粗粒形成,这将是有利的。
发明内容
本发明针对本领域的需求而提供一种方法,所述方法包括以下步骤:a)使含吸附分散剂的TiO2浆料的水性分散体接触吸附胶乳以形成混合物,其中所述TiO2浆料和吸附胶乳的混合物的pH足够高以抑制TiO2与吸附胶乳之间的相互作用;b)然后使步骤a)的混合物的pH下降至足够低,以促进TiO2和吸附胶乳之间的相互作用,从而形成复合体。本发明的方法为涂料组合物提供了较好的遮盖性并减少粗粒。
发明详述
本发明的方法包括以下步骤:a)使含吸附分散剂的TiO2浆料的水性分散体接触吸附胶乳,其中TiO2浆料与吸附胶乳的混合物的pH足够高,以抑制TiO2和吸附胶乳之间的相互作用;b)然后使步骤a)的组合物的pH下降至足够低,以促进TiO2和吸附胶乳之间的相互作用,从而形成复合物。
在所述第一个步骤中,使TiO2和分散剂的水性分散体(TiO2浆料)接触吸附胶乳(也称作预复合体)。用合适的碱将TiO2浆料的pH从其标称水平(通常约为8至9)预调节至足够高的水平,以抑制TiO2和所述后续添加的吸附胶乳之间的相互作用。优选地,使所述pH升高至约10~约12。优选使所述混合物的pH保持足够长的时间以去除TiO2颗粒表面上吸附的30~50%的分散剂;取决于所述分散剂的特性和TiO2的表面性质,所述延迟时间通常在约10分钟~约24小时范围内。在合适的延迟时间之后,然后使pH降回至所需水平,通常在8.5和9之间。
吸附胶乳的pH也在某一水平或者提升到某一水平,从而当胶乳与TiO2浆料接触时,形成了pH足够高的混合物,以抑制TiO2和吸附胶乳之间的相互作用。因此,例如,可以使pH约为10的吸附胶乳与pH约为10的TiO2浆料混合,以获得所需的效果;还可以通过使较低pH(约8.5)的吸附胶乳与较高pH(约12)的TiO2浆料混合(只要所得混合物的pH足够高)以抑制TiO2颗粒与吸附胶乳之间的相互作用,来实现相同的结果。
用于提升pH的碱可以是有机碱或无机碱。合适的有机碱的例子包括链烷醇胺,例如2-氨基-2-甲基-1-丙醇和2-氨基-2-乙基-1,3-丙烷-二醇;合适的无机碱的例子包括碱金属氢氧化物和碱土金属氢氧化物以及碱金属碳酸盐和碱土金属碳酸盐,例如NaOH、KOH、以及Na2CO3。氨也是合适的碱。
合适的预复合体包括含丙烯酸类胶乳、含苯乙烯-丙烯酸类胶乳、含乙烯基酯胶乳以及含乙烯-乙烯基酯胶乳。丙烯酸类胶乳优选含有(甲基)丙烯酸酯的结构单元,例如甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸乙基己基酯及其组合的结构单元。优选的乙烯基酯胶乳是乙酸乙烯酯胶乳;优选的乙烯基酯-乙烯胶乳是乙酸乙烯酯-乙烯胶乳。
本文中所用术语“结构单元”指的是由相应单体的聚合化作用形成的基团。因此,甲基丙烯酸甲酯的结构单元如下所示:
其中虚线表示连接到聚合物主链的位置。
所述预复合体还包含吸附部分(与聚合物主链侧接的官能团),所述吸附部分吸附到TiO2颗粒的表面。应理解,可以用金属氧化物(例如氧化铝、氧化硅、氧化锆及其组合)对TiO2颗粒进行表面处理。因此,TiO2颗粒表面的吸附能力随着表面处理特性的变化而变化。
所述吸附部分通常包含酸单体的结构单元,例如含磷的酸单体,其浓度优选在0.1~5重量%范围内(以所述预复合体的重量计)。合适的含磷的酸单体的示例包括醇的膦酸酯和磷酸二氢酯,其中所述醇含有可聚合乙烯基或烯烃基团或者被可聚合乙烯基或烯烃基团取代。优选的磷酸二氢酯是(甲基)丙烯酸羟烷基酯的磷酸酯,包括甲基丙烯酸磷酸乙酯(phosphoethyl methacrylate)和甲基丙烯酸磷酸丙酯(phosphopropyl methacrylate),特别优选的是甲基丙烯酸磷酸乙酯。
TiO2通常作为粉末供给,成为水性分散体或者作为水性浆料。在任一情况下,通常采用吸附到TiO2表面的分散剂使所述颜料颗粒稳定化。吸附的颗粒不利地阻碍了吸附胶乳颗粒(预复合体颗粒)的吸附,所述吸附胶乳颗粒(预复合体颗粒)与浆料掺混以改善遮盖效率。
pH的升高似乎为从TiO2颗粒表面去除分散剂提供了一种机制,而分散剂的去除是合乎希望的。因此,当胶乳被加入到高pH浆料时,一旦pH被降到足够低以促进吸附,胶乳颗粒可以竞争胜过分散剂从而吸附到TiO2颗粒的表面;该现象发生的原因是胶乳颗粒对TiO2的亲和性大于分散剂对TiO2的亲和性。可以用合适的酸,例如柠檬酸来降低pH;然而,如果用于提升pH的碱是挥发性的(例如,氨),则可以用酸来降低pH或者通过使得碱挥发或蒸发来降低pH。
此外,在胶乳反应性不受分散剂抑制的系统中,提升pH然后加入吸附胶乳之后降低pH会是有利的,特别是在含高反应性颜料和胶乳的系统中。若没有通过提升pH的“关闭(turning off)”反应机理,这些反应性胶乳和颜料尤其会不可控地彼此反应,导致形成不理想水平的粗粒。使用现有技术中描述的方法通常需要格外小心以控制所述高反应性的颜料和胶乳的添加与混合速率以抵消它们反应的负面作用。使用本发明的方法,从而在高pH关闭反应并在低pH允许反应,使反应能够得到控制,导致粗粒大幅减少。
本发明方法制备的复合体可以由任何合适的组分配制而成,以制备涂料组合物(例如漆),所述合适的组分包括:溶剂;填料;颜料,例如二氧化钛、云母、碳酸钙、二氧化硅、氧化锌、研磨玻璃、三水合铝、滑石、三氧化锑、飞灰和粘土;聚合物包封的颜料,例如聚合物包封或部分包封的颜料颗粒,例如二氧化钛、氧化锌或锌钡白颗粒;吸附或结合在颜料如二氧化钛表面的聚合物或聚合物乳液;空心颜料,包括具有一个或多个空穴的颜料;分散剂,例如氨基醇和聚羧酸盐(酯);表面活性剂;消泡剂;防腐剂,例如杀生物剂、防霉剂、杀真菌剂、除藻剂和它们的组合;流动剂;流平剂;额外的中和剂,例如氢氧化物、胺、氨和碳酸盐。
例如,所述涂料组合物可以包括聚合物包封的遮光颜料颗粒,其包含i)遮光颜料颗粒,例如二氧化钛颗粒,其直径范围为100nm至500nm并且折射率至少为1.8;ii)包封聚合物,以及iii)用于包封的遮光颜料颗粒和聚合物的聚合分散剂。所述聚合物包封的遮光颜料颗粒如,例如美国专利公开US2010/0298483A1所述。在另一个例子中,涂料组合物可以包含如WO2007/112503A1中所述的聚合物包封的遮光颜料颗粒。
实施例
下面的实施例仅是为了阐述,而不是用来限制本发明的范围。
实施例1-TiO2浆料、复合体和漆制剂的制备
TiO2浆料通过首先向水(558.96g)中添加TAMOLTM851分散剂(陶氏化学公司(Dow Chemical Company)或其附属公司的商标,16.04g)并低速搅拌来制备。使用科勒斯(Cowles)分散机,向所述水性分散剂缓慢添加Tronox CR-826级别TiO2粉末(1925.0g)。一旦所述颜料均匀掺入,即将所述分散机设定至1800~2000rpm搅拌20分钟。使所述浆料在辊式研磨机(roller mill)上贮存至少24小时,然后供于下一步骤。
采用AMPTM-952-氨基-2-甲基-1-丙醇(陶氏化学公司或其附属公司的商标,0.46g)将部分所述浆料(112.47g)调节至pH=10。使所述浆料保持在pH=10过夜(约18小时),之后在450rpm的混合速度下将所述浆料添加至预复合体聚合物(115.29g,pH=7.9)、Foamstar A-34消泡剂(0.40g)和水(20.02g)的混合物中。然后,所述浆料/预复合体混合物用柠檬酸(0.40g)中和并用水(9.75g)稀释以形成复合体。
在混合时,向含RHOPLEXTMVSR-1050LOE丙烯酸类乳液(陶氏化学公司或其附属公司的商标,47.68g)的独立容器添加到部分所述复合体中(161.76g)。然后,向所述容器添加增量剂磨料,然后添加调漆料,各自通过混合表1所示的成分(按照所示的量和顺序)来制备,以生成所述漆(208mL)。使所述漆平衡过夜,并通过ASTM测试方法D-2805.70发现其S/密耳为6.92。实施例2和3通过实施例1所述的程序制备,不同之处在于,将实施例2的pH调节至10.5,而将实施例3的pH调节至11。
对比实施例1基本按照实施例1所述制备,不同之处在于,没有用碱对供给时pH水平为8.5的TiO2浆料(对比物)调节pH。就所述漆制剂而言,用AMPTM-952-氨基-2-甲基-1-丙醇调节所述对比物的pH至8.87。
表1显示用于制备对比实施例和实施例1~3的漆的成分配方。实施例1~3的预复合体聚合物是46重量%,以水和所述聚合物的重量计;所述预复合体聚合物是54.0重量%丙烯酸丁酯/43.0重量%甲基丙烯酸甲酯/1.5重量%甲基丙烯酸磷酸乙酯/0.2重量%甲基丙烯酸/0.5重量%脲基甲基丙烯酸酯,并且还包括TAMOLTM2002APEO游离乳液分散剂(陶氏化学公司的商标,0.9重量%,以分散剂固体和预复合体聚合物固体的重量计)。
所有示出商标皆归陶氏化学公司或其附属公司所有。
表2显示将pH提升至10~11范围然后降低pH对遮盖性的影响。
表2-提升并降低pH对遮盖性的影响
本发明的方法允许漆配方设计师就给定预复合体而言使用不同反应度的TiO2级别;因此,所述配方设计师不再需要使所述预复合体的反应性适合TiO2的反应性。
实施例4和对比实施例2-下拉样品(Drawndown Sample)的粗粒形成
实施例4和对比实施例2所用的预复合体与实施例1~3相同,不同之处在于,所述预复合体不含TAMOLTM2002APEO游离乳液分散剂。
对比实施例2
在搅拌下向预复合体(69.14g,pH=7.9)、水(22.2g)和消泡剂(0.25g)的混合物添加Kronos4311TiO2颜料浆料(69.5g,pH=8.5)。将具有36%体积固体和31.7%颜料体积浓度(PVC)的所述混合物下拉成膜,在其上直接观察到粗粒。
实施例4
基本按照对比实施例2执行,合并TiO2浆料(70.3g,用NH4OH调节至pH10)和预复合体(69.7g,用NH4OH调节至pH10)、消泡剂(0.25g)和水(21.3g),并在搅拌下混合。约10分钟后,用柠檬酸将pH调节至约8.5。然后将所述混合物下拉成膜,且没有观察到粗粒。
Kubelka-Munk S/密耳测试方法
对于每种最终漆制剂,通过如下步骤测定S/密耳:
对于每一种漆,使用1.5密耳博德下拉棒(Bird draw down bar)在黑色脱模卡片(Leneta Form RC-BC)上制备两个下拉样,卡片干燥过夜。用X-ACTO刀使用模板在每一个卡片上切割出3.25”x4”的矩形。使用BYK Gardner45°反射计在每一刻划区域对y-反射率测量五次,测量从矩形顶点开始,在对角线上进行测量,并记录平均y-反射率。对于每一种漆,使用3”25密耳块下拉棒(block drawdown bar)在黑色乙烯基卡片(Leneta Form P121-10N)上制备厚膜下拉样,使得卡片干燥过夜。在下拉样的五个不同区域测量y-反射率,并记录平均y-反射率。Kubelka-Munk遮蔽值S由以下公式1得出:
公式1
其中X是平均膜厚度,R是厚膜的平均反射率,RB是薄膜在黑色上的平均反射率。可以通过漆膜的重量(Wpf)、干燥膜的密度(D)以及膜面积(A)计算得到X。3.25”x4”模板的膜面积是13in2。
Claims (8)
1.一种方法,其包括以下步骤:
a)使含吸附分散剂的TiO2浆料的水性分散体接触吸附胶乳以形成混合物,其中,所述TiO2浆料与所述吸附胶乳的混合物的pH足够高,以抑制所述TiO2与所述吸附胶乳之间的相互作用;然后
b)使步骤a)的混合物的pH下降至足够低,以促进所述TiO2和所述吸附胶乳之间的相互作用,从而形成复合体。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在所述步骤a)之前,将所述TiO2浆料的pH从约8~9提升到约10~12。
3.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,使所述混合物的pH在10~12保持10分钟~24小时范围内的一段时间。
4.如权利要求1~3中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述吸附胶乳是含丙烯酸类胶乳、含苯乙烯-丙烯酸类胶乳、含乙烯基酯胶乳或者含乙烯-乙烯基酯胶乳,其中所述吸附胶乳还包含吸附性酸单体的结构单元。
5.如权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于,所述吸附胶乳包含甲基丙烯酸磷酸乙酯的结构单元,并且是丙烯酸类或苯乙烯-丙烯酸类胶乳。
6.如权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述TiO2浆料的pH采用链烷醇胺提升。
7.如权利要求1~6中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括将所述复合体配制成漆组合物的步骤。
8.如权利要求1~6中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于,所述方法还包括使所述复合体与添加剂混合的步骤,所述添加剂选自:流变改性剂、颜料、增量剂、粘结剂、分散剂、消泡剂、防腐剂、杀生物剂、流动剂和流平剂及其组合。
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AU2014402234B2 (en) * | 2014-07-30 | 2019-07-04 | Dow Global Technologies Llc | Vinyl acetate binders in above-critical pigment volume concentration coatings composition |
US10125219B2 (en) | 2014-10-30 | 2018-11-13 | Tronox Llc | Titanium dioxide pigment and manufacturing method |
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US9745405B2 (en) | 2015-04-20 | 2017-08-29 | Tronox Llc | Polymer, polymer modified titanium dioxide pigment, and method of forming a pigmented paint formulation |
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