CN103644896A - Three-dimensional laser scanning-based engineering geological mapping method - Google Patents
Three-dimensional laser scanning-based engineering geological mapping method Download PDFInfo
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- CN103644896A CN103644896A CN201310746175.2A CN201310746175A CN103644896A CN 103644896 A CN103644896 A CN 103644896A CN 201310746175 A CN201310746175 A CN 201310746175A CN 103644896 A CN103644896 A CN 103644896A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C15/00—Surveying instruments or accessories not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C13/00
- G01C15/002—Active optical surveying means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
- G01C11/00—Photogrammetry or videogrammetry, e.g. stereogrammetry; Photographic surveying
- G01C11/02—Picture taking arrangements specially adapted for photogrammetry or photographic surveying, e.g. controlling overlapping of pictures
- G01C11/025—Picture taking arrangements specially adapted for photogrammetry or photographic surveying, e.g. controlling overlapping of pictures by scanning the object
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Abstract
The invention relates to a geological mapping technology, discloses a three-dimensional laser scanning-based engineering geological mapping method, and solves the defects of low efficiency, low precision and large later workload in a measurement scheme of a geological spatial location in the traditional geological mapping process. The method comprises the following steps: a, obtaining point cloud data and geological object image information in a three-dimensional laser scanning manner; b, inputting the point cloud data and the geological object image information into a computer, building a three-dimensional geological model containing the image information; c, describing the geological feature points, geological feature lines and geological feature surfaces according to the geological characteristics on the three-dimensional geological model, and calculating geological attributes; d, inputting the obtained geological feature points, geological feature lines, geological feature surfaces and geological attributes into a management database; e, finishing geological information inputting and inquiring and geological map generation functions according to the data in the management database. The three-dimensional laser scanning-based engineering geological mapping method is applicable to mapping of an engineering geological body.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to geological mapping technology, particularly a kind of engineering geological mapping method based on 3 D laser scanning.
Background technology
Engineering geological mapping is a most basic most important surveying method in engineering geological investigation, it is to use geology, the theory of engineering geology pair various geological phenomenons relevant with engineering construction observe in detail and describe, to find out, draft the space distribution of engineering geological condition in building area and the inner link between each key element, and according to accuracy requirement, they are reflected on the topomap of certain proportion chi faithfully, coordinate the obtained data such as engineer geological prospecting, test to be compiled into engineering geological map.
Engineering geological mapping and construction geology are edited and recorded work on the spot and are mainly contained two parts work, i.e. the specialty of the measurement of geologic body locus and geologic body geological characteristics is described.Wherein the specialty of geologic body geological characteristics is described professional knowledge and the field observation that mainly depends on geological personnel, within relatively long a period of time, is difficult to be replaced by equipment or other technology; The measurement of geologic body locus can constantly improve along with the renewal of measuring technique, and existing metering system has two kinds:
One, utilize total powerstation to determine controlled coordinate, then utilize tape measure, compass to measure geological object, this is a kind of more traditional also comparatively conventional measuring method, and which is measured inefficiency, measuring accuracy is low, and needing staff to work under excavation face, hazard level is high;
Two, photogrammetric: by high-quality video camera, coordinate GPS or total powerstation, obtain object digital photograph, utilize computing machine to process digitized video, by computer vision (its core is Image Matching and image identification), complete the automatic extraction of image geometry and physical message; Because which is not directly obtained geological object coordinate, but calculate and utilize two-dimensional numerals image inverse geological object volume coordinate by geometry, so measuring accuracy is poor; And determining of the parameter of camera also needed to special pick-up unit, also higher to the requirement of on-the-spot light condition, the later stage is large to the splicing of image and rectification workload.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is: propose a kind of engineering geological mapping method based on 3 D laser scanning, solve in traditional geological mapping process the defect that inefficiency, precision are low, later stage work amount is large that the measurement scheme for geologic body locus exists.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above adopted scheme: a kind of engineering geological mapping method based on 3 D laser scanning, comprises the following steps:
A. 3 D laser scanning obtains cloud data and the true multimedia message breath of geological object;
B. by cloud data and the very color input information computing machine of geological object, set up the three-dimensional geological model that contains true multimedia message breath;
C. base area plastid feature on three-dimensional geological model, describes geologic feature point, geologic feature line, geologic feature face, and calculates geologic body attribute;
D. by the geologic feature point obtaining, geologic feature line, geologic feature face and geologic body attribute input management database;
E. according to the data in management database, complete the systematic function of geological information typing, inquiry and geological map.
Concrete, step a specifically comprises:
A1. according to sweep object, select respective scanned instrument: open ground or side slope adopt tomography scan formula scanner in place, in cavern or the side slope of narrow terrain adopt panorama type scanner;
A2. according to the topographic condition at sweep object place, determine the installation site of scanner;
A3. at each website, scan an amplitude point cloud;
A4. utilize scanner built-in camera to obtain the true multimedia message breath of geological object.
Further, step a3 also comprises:
Between the some cloud of adjacent sites, have overlappingly, and lap is the more than 30% of single amplitude point cloud area.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: utilize three-dimensional laser scanning technique, directly obtain the high-precision coordinate point cloud of geological object magnanimity, precision is high, and speed is fast, and later stage work amount is little.
Embodiment
The present invention is intended to propose a kind of engineering geological mapping method based on 3 D laser scanning, solves in traditional geological mapping process the defect that inefficiency, precision are low, later stage work amount is large that the measurement scheme for geologic body locus exists.3 D laser scanning described in the present invention refers to: utilize three-dimensional laser scanner rapid scanning testee, do not need reflecting prism can directly obtain high-precision scanning cloud data, efficiently real world is carried out to three-dimensional modeling and virtual reproduction.
On concrete enforcement, the engineering geological mapping method based on 3 D laser scanning in the present invention comprises the following steps:
1,3 D laser scanning step:
A, first according to sweep object, determine scan pattern, ground or the side slope open in place adopt tomography scan formula scanner, in cavern or the side slope of narrow terrain adopt panorama type scanner.
B, according to topographic condition, determine scanner machine location.
C, at each website, scan an amplitude point cloud, between the some cloud of adjacent sites, lap should be the more than 30% of single amplitude point cloud, if reduce lap, should in every width sweep limit, arrange and be no less than 3 reference mark.
D, utilize scanner built-in camera to obtain the true multimedia message of geological object breath, if utilize external camera, need to utilize a some cloud common point to mate.
2, the step that three-dimensional very color model is set up:
By cloud data and very color input information computing machine, set up the geologic three-dimensional model that contains true multimedia message breath.
3, the step that geologic body geological information obtains:
By geology personnel plastid feature in base area on three-dimensional model, describe geologic feature point, geologic feature line, geologic feature face, and utilize the plug-in unit of independent research on the Polyworks of mapping software calculate geologic body " occurrence ", " connection rate " and etc. geologic body attribute.
4, set up the step of geological object database:
By the geologic feature point of geology personnel decipher, geologic feature line, geologic feature face and other geologic body attribute input management database.
5, the applying step of geological information:
Utilize the data of database storage to complete geological information typing, inquiry and geological map generation.
With respect to the metering system to geologic body in conventional art, the present invention possesses following advantage:
1. precision is high:
The cloud data that laser scanner obtains, its single-point precision generally can reach mm～cm class precision, its precision is far above tape measure, though 3-D scanning technology also cannot be compared with total powerstation in single-point precision, but total station survey dot density is little, measurement between point completes by tape measure or matching, and therefore from whole model, this programme precision is higher; Measurement this programme for occurrence is by the some cloud to structural plane, to carry out overall calculation to obtain, and its representativeness measures higher than the single-point of compass.
2. speed is fast:
The mode of laser scanning can obtain the spatial information of large area target fast, for the construction surveying work that need to complete fast such as edit and record, speedily carry out rescue work, is even more important; For traditional geological mapping mode, a large amount of works on the spot has transferred to indoor in addition, and is completed by area of computer aided, and whole work efficiency further improves.
3. noncontacting measurement:
Because laser scanning is the metering system of non-prism, so do not need to contact measured target, can determine fast the three-dimensional information of impact point, solved the measurement of risk object, measurement that should not contact target and the problems such as measurement that personnel cannot reach target.
4. penetrability:
Can change the wavelength of laser beam, laser can penetrate some special material, such as water, glass and sparse vegetation etc., can see through like this glass, penetrate the water surface, through vegetation, scan, this is that traditional total powerstation adds tape measure or photogrammetric cannot completing.
5. initiative:
Laser scanner is transmitting illuminant initiatively, does not need extraneous light, and receiver is by surveying the light after reflection of self launching, and like this, scanning is not subject to the restriction in light and space, the problem of decipher weak effect while having solved photogrammetric insufficient light.
6. total digitalization:
" some cloud " figure that spatial digitizer obtains is the three-dimensional coordinate that comprises collection point and the digital document of color attribute, does not need photogrammetric later stage coupling to proofread and correct, and is fast convenient to again be transplanted to other system and processes and use.
Claims (3)
1. the engineering geological mapping method based on 3 D laser scanning, is characterized in that, comprises the following steps:
A. 3 D laser scanning obtains cloud data and the true multimedia message breath of geological object;
B. by cloud data and the very color input information computing machine of geological object, set up the three-dimensional geological model that contains true multimedia message breath;
C. base area plastid feature on three-dimensional geological model, describes geologic feature point, geologic feature line, geologic feature face, and calculates geologic body attribute;
D. by the geologic feature point obtaining, geologic feature line, geologic feature face and geologic body attribute input management database;
E. according to the data in management database, complete the systematic function of geological information typing, inquiry and geological map.
2. a kind of engineering geological mapping method based on 3 D laser scanning as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, step a specifically comprises:
A1. according to sweep object, select respective scanned instrument: open ground or side slope adopt tomography scan formula scanner in place, in cavern or the side slope of narrow terrain adopt panorama type scanner;
A2. according to the topographic condition at sweep object place, determine the installation site of scanner;
A3. at each website, scan an amplitude point cloud;
A4. utilize scanner built-in camera to obtain the true multimedia message breath of geological object.
3. a kind of engineering geological mapping method based on 3 D laser scanning as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, step a3 also comprises:
Between the some cloud of adjacent sites, have overlappingly, and lap is the more than 30% of single amplitude point cloud area.
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Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103869831A (en) * | 2014-03-24 | 2014-06-18 | 常州华达科捷光电仪器有限公司 | Land leveler control system and control method thereof |
| CN104391340A (en) * | 2014-11-26 | 2015-03-04 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Hydropower environment side slope dangerous rock body geologic detection method |
| CN104482922A (en) * | 2015-01-19 | 2015-04-01 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Structural plane measuring method based on three-dimensional laser scanning technique |
| CN104729464A (en) * | 2014-05-05 | 2015-06-24 | 河南理工大学 | Flattish form subarea scanning method based on three-dimensional laser scanner |
| CN105571571A (en) * | 2016-01-26 | 2016-05-11 | 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Accumulated profile space structure information analysis method based on three-dimensional laser scanning |
| CN106052553A (en) * | 2016-06-01 | 2016-10-26 | 中交第公路工程局有限公司 | Civil engineering temporary works design optimization method and device based on three-dimensional laser scanning |
| CN106052647A (en) * | 2016-05-09 | 2016-10-26 | 华广发 | A compass positioning technique for overlooking 360 degrees' full view and twenty four mountains |
| CN106123845A (en) * | 2015-05-07 | 2016-11-16 | 国家测绘地理信息局第六地形测量队 | Slope displacement monitoring method based on three-dimensional laser scanning technique |
| CN106247936A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2016-12-21 | 江苏省工程勘测研究院有限责任公司 | Land acquisition and removal physical investigation method and investigation system based on three-dimensional laser scanning |
| CN106289196A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-01-04 | 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Slumped mass geological hazard body monitoring method based on three-dimensional laser scanning technique |
| CN106500674A (en) * | 2016-10-19 | 2017-03-15 | 河南城建学院 | A kind of mapping method based on municipal works |
| CN108984908A (en) * | 2018-07-19 | 2018-12-11 | 中国建筑第八工程局有限公司 | Utilize the construction method of BIM technology auxiliary civil air defense cavity transformation |
| CN109556569A (en) * | 2019-01-17 | 2019-04-02 | 中煤航测遥感集团有限公司 | Topography mapping method and device |
| CN112347901A (en) * | 2020-11-04 | 2021-02-09 | 长江岩土工程总公司（武汉） | Rock mass analysis method based on three-dimensional laser scanning technology |
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Cited By (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103869831A (en) * | 2014-03-24 | 2014-06-18 | 常州华达科捷光电仪器有限公司 | Land leveler control system and control method thereof |
| CN104729464B (en) * | 2014-05-05 | 2017-02-01 | 河南理工大学 | Flattish form subarea scanning method based on three-dimensional laser scanner |
| CN104729464A (en) * | 2014-05-05 | 2015-06-24 | 河南理工大学 | Flattish form subarea scanning method based on three-dimensional laser scanner |
| CN104391340A (en) * | 2014-11-26 | 2015-03-04 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Hydropower environment side slope dangerous rock body geologic detection method |
| CN104482922A (en) * | 2015-01-19 | 2015-04-01 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Structural plane measuring method based on three-dimensional laser scanning technique |
| CN106123845A (en) * | 2015-05-07 | 2016-11-16 | 国家测绘地理信息局第六地形测量队 | Slope displacement monitoring method based on three-dimensional laser scanning technique |
| CN105571571A (en) * | 2016-01-26 | 2016-05-11 | 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Accumulated profile space structure information analysis method based on three-dimensional laser scanning |
| CN105571571B (en) * | 2016-01-26 | 2017-11-17 | 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Accumulation section spatial structural form analysis method based on 3 D laser scanning |
| CN106052647A (en) * | 2016-05-09 | 2016-10-26 | 华广发 | A compass positioning technique for overlooking 360 degrees' full view and twenty four mountains |
| CN106052553A (en) * | 2016-06-01 | 2016-10-26 | 中交第公路工程局有限公司 | Civil engineering temporary works design optimization method and device based on three-dimensional laser scanning |
| CN106247936A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2016-12-21 | 江苏省工程勘测研究院有限责任公司 | Land acquisition and removal physical investigation method and investigation system based on three-dimensional laser scanning |
| CN106247936B (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2018-12-11 | 江苏省工程勘测研究院有限责任公司 | Land acquisition and removal physical investigation method and investigation system based on three-dimensional laser scanning |
| CN106289196A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2017-01-04 | 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Slumped mass geological hazard body monitoring method based on three-dimensional laser scanning technique |
| CN106289196B (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2018-09-04 | 中国电建集团西北勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Slumped mass geological hazard body monitoring method based on three-dimensional laser scanning technique |
| CN106500674A (en) * | 2016-10-19 | 2017-03-15 | 河南城建学院 | A kind of mapping method based on municipal works |
| CN108984908A (en) * | 2018-07-19 | 2018-12-11 | 中国建筑第八工程局有限公司 | Utilize the construction method of BIM technology auxiliary civil air defense cavity transformation |
| CN108984908B (en) * | 2018-07-19 | 2021-09-21 | 中国建筑第八工程局有限公司 | Construction method for assisting civil air defense cavern transformation by utilizing BIM technology |
| CN109556569A (en) * | 2019-01-17 | 2019-04-02 | 中煤航测遥感集团有限公司 | Topography mapping method and device |
| CN109556569B (en) * | 2019-01-17 | 2021-01-29 | 中煤航测遥感集团有限公司 | Topographic map surveying and mapping method and device |
| CN112347901A (en) * | 2020-11-04 | 2021-02-09 | 长江岩土工程总公司（武汉） | Rock mass analysis method based on three-dimensional laser scanning technology |
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