Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of facility and operation method that utilizes natural energy to remove reservoir floating refuse.It is characterized in that, by the pipe-line system of collecting and carrying floating refuse, the floating refuse that is placed in conduit entrance collects screening plant, be placed in the supporting composition of refuse collection, storage output device of pipe outlet.Pipe-line system, by the flexible duct between refuse collection mouth and dam, is passed through culvert pipe under water and the access hatch thereof of dam, the flexible duct between culvert pipe outlet and pipe outlet, and pipe outlet connects to form.Refuse collection mouth lower than the following degree of depth of the water surface of floating refuse higher than culvert pipe and pipe outlet under water.The current floating refuse of carrying under one's arms mouthful enters pipeline from collecting, and by gate opening/closing, is regulated and controled, and from the pipe outlet of dam downstream one side, discharges.Rubbish collects screening plant and swims in the floating refuse accumulation regions before dam, annular buoyancy tank and the sieving garbage fence and the operating platform that carry, consists of.Under water, the degree of depth of hiding is the restriction degree of depth under water of large volume rubbish to annular buoyancy tank snorkeling.It is annular hollow box type buoyancy aid that annular buoyancy tank adopts a kind of plane, and uniform four the independent storage tanks of surrounding in case are adjusted buoyancy and diving depth by adjusting the storage tank water yield.The central space of annular buoyancy tank is installed funnel-form refuse collection mouth, and collection mouth is suitable for reading and annular buoyancy tank end face fair, and end opening adopts flexible joint to be connected with pipeline.The end face surrounding of annular buoyancy tank is installed sieving garbage upright fence post, and column spacing is slightly less than pipe diameter, in order to sieve in the plane large volume rubbish.More than the water surface of column around fence, horizontal rails is installed one, jointly on vertical, sieves large volume rubbish with buoyancy tank end face.Horizontal rails is above installs and take the operating platform that expanded metal lath is base plate.Current enter pipeline through refuse collection mouth and form whirlpool, and floating refuse is with swirling water current rotation and collect to refuse collection mouth, are involved in to collect mouthful to enter pipeline after the screening of screening fence, complete that floating refuse collects, screening and collection process.A small amount of rubbish that volume is greater than pipe diameter is sized outside fence, by manually pulling out on operating platform.Refuse collection, storage output device is placed in the sidewall surfaces of dam downstream one side, refuse container cage, collection dress cage platform and track, driving mechanism and the crane that is arranged at dam dam crest, consists of, and collection dress cage platform can hold at least three collection dress cages simultaneously.Pipe outlet is fixed on collection dress cage platform top by support.Collection dress cage open top, surrounding and bottom adopt net-shaped steel structure.Suspension ring are installed for crane lifting in collection dress cage top, and bottom is installed road wheel and walked in orbit.Collection dress cage to be installed is hung oneself and is filled to the holding position for the treatment of of collection dress cage platform from dam crest roping automobile by dam crest crane, driven by driving mechanism and promote at dress collection dress cage and export collection dress cage along rail moving, its top changes into while moving to pipe outlet below at dress collection dress cage, start to store up the rubbish that pipe outlet is discharged, and see through bottom and surrounding net-shaped steel structure eliminating moisture, utilize the current of pipe outlet and the rubbish that the densification of rubbish impact forces compress has packed collection dress cage into.In the time of below dress collection dress cage end moves to pipe outlet, fill rubbish, enter subsequently output collection dress cage location, by the crane lifting that is placed in dam crest, to the roping automobile of dam crest, complete refuse collection, storage and output procedure.Dam sidewall installation traction machine and the vertical attached wall track on collection dress cage platform top, collection dress cage platform and pipe outlet are moved up and down along attached wall track by traction machine traction, in order to adjust the discrepancy in elevation of pipe outlet and import, keep rubbish to stablize and store up.
Advantage of the present invention is that the potential energy that adopts the pipe-line system guiding reservoir filling water surface and the pipe outlet discrepancy in elevation to accumulate discharges, complete reservoir floating refuse and collect, sieve, collect, carry and store up process, reach the object of utilizing natural energy to remove reservoir floating refuse.And realize containerization and the densification of refuse collection, storage, and improve refuse cleaning efficiency, improve refuse collection, storage effect.
The specific embodiment
Garbage on water floats to before reservoir dam with current.Trend towards at close two sides or the relatively static region clustering of other current.Floating refuse is disorderly and unsystematic, form different sizes.Adopt pipe-line system to utilize natural energy to remove, first need to determine pipe diameter according to the form of floating refuse and size.
Reservoir floating refuse can be divided into three-dimensional rubbish, plane rubbish and shaft-like rubbish by its form.
Three-dimensional rubbish refers to that foamed plastics, toy, beverage bottle etc. have the rubbish of obvious stereoscopic features.If being greater than pipe diameter, the size of its either direction will cause line clogging.Pipe diameter is mainly determined by the three-dimensional rubbish upper dimension bound of the overwhelming majority who allows to pass through.
Plane rubbish refers to plastic packaging film, diaphragm class and the weeds class rubbish such as sheet package thing, textile, and the form of this class rubbish changes with the change of flow shape.As long as the three-dimensional rubbish of the overwhelming majority that pipeline is allowed can pass through, plane rubbish just can pass through.
Shaft-like rubbish refers to that length dimension is compared with waddy large and that cross section is less, bamboo pole etc.This class rubbish limited amount, if but directly carry without screening, need pipeline to have enough large bore, can several times strengthen facility cost and water content consumption.For this reason, pipe diameter only considers to carry most three-dimensional rubbish, plane rubbish and length to be less than the shaft-like rubbish of pipe diameter.Pipe diameter is generally advisable in DN600mm left and right.And for a small amount of solid and the shaft-like rubbish that exceed pipe diameter, take to sieve at the refuse collection mouth of pipeline the method otherwise processed of then salvaging outward.
Reservoir floating refuse need be by collecting and sieving pretreatment and just can collect in pipe-line system and remove.The present invention proposes a kind of floating refuse pretreatment unit-rubbish and collects screening plant, and floating refuse is automatically collected and sieved.Collect screening plant centered by the refuse collection mouth of pipeline, by annular buoyancy tank and the screening fence and the operating platform that carry, formed.
To adopt a kind of plane be annular hollow box type buoyancy aid to annular buoyancy tank, dives that it is following to keep afloat, and the restriction that the snorkeling degree of depth equals large volume rubbish is the degree of depth under water, for the current rubbish of carrying under one's arms enters and collects mouth passage is provided.Refuse collection mouth connecting pipe is from annular buoyancy tank central space to extending under water.Annular buoyancy tank carrying screening fence, operating platform and refuse collection mouth, need enough large planar dimension and displacement, to ensure its snorkeling stability.Outer ring diameter should not be less than 4 meters, and interior annular space diameter equals the back cut diameter of refuse collection mouth.Uniform four the independent storage tanks of box house surrounding of annular buoyancy tank.By unification, adjust the storage tank water yield, adjust overall buoyancy and the diving depth of annular buoyancy tank; By adjusting respectively each storage tank water yield, the balance of intense adjustment annular buoyancy tank each point, the height or the degree of depth that keep sieving fence, operating platform and refuse collection mouth and the water surface.
The top surrounding of annular buoyancy tank is installed sieving garbage fence, the above fitting operation platform of the water surface of fence.The peripheral diameter of screening fence and operating platform is identical with the outer ring diameter of annular buoyancy tank.Upright fence post is along the peripheral uniform installation of annular buoyancy tank end face, and column spacing is slightly less than pipe diameter and enters with restriction large volume rubbish, the double operating platform column of doing of part column overstriking.The above horizontal rails that can adjust up and down together of installing of the water surface around upright fence post.By appropriateness, adjust horizontal rails apart from the height of the water surface, jointly on vertical, sieve large volume rubbish with annular buoyancy tank end face.The base plate of operating platform, more than horizontal rails, adopts expanded metal lath to lay, so that the water surface under observation platform and rubbish situation, platform installs guard rail around additional.
The central space of annular buoyancy tank is installed refuse collection mouth.Collect mouth and be funnel-form.Annular buoyancy tank end face and collection mouthful suitable for reading maintaining an equal level, interior ring diameter is identical with collection mouthful back cut diameter.Collect mouthful end opening identical with the bore of pipeline, and adopt flexible joint to be connected with pipeline, make pipeline and collection mouthful keep suitable degree of freedom, the impact of tilting buoyancy tank balance is produced to eliminate pipeline.
Because pipeline is collected mouthful lower than the water surface higher than pipe outlet, the pipeline water delivery guiding water surface discharges with the potential energy that the pipe outlet discrepancy in elevation contains, the negative pressure suction force of refuse collection mouth generation to current and floating refuse.Floating refuse after screening flows into above annular flotation tank with current collects mouth, in the certain limit centered by collecting mouth, forms whirlpool, and the whirlpool water surface presents spill.Carry under one's arms floating refuse rotation of swirling water current, speed is accelerated gradually, and waste density increases gradually, finally by whirlpool, is involved in and collects mouth and enter pipeline.Thereby reach the object of utilizing natural energy to collect, sieve and collect floating refuse.
Refuse collection mouth forms whirlpool around, and shaft-like rubbish rotates with swirling water current, and speed is progressively accelerated.Due to different along whirlpool adjacent flow rate of water flow radially, shaft-like rubbish trends towards rotating around fence with the form of rotating tangential, gradually near fence, thereby the shaft-like rubbish of avoiding length to be greater than upright fence post spacing inserts fence, is finally blocked in fence outer by manually pulling out.Thereby reach the automatic sieving to shaft-like floating refuse.
Floating refuse enters rubbish and carries and control program after collection mouth enters pipeline.
Rubbish is carried and is controlled and born by pipe-line system.Pipe-line system is formed by connecting by pipeline and the pipe outlet between the pipeline between refuse collection mouth and dam, the culvert pipe under water that passes through dam and access hatch thereof, culvert pipe outlet and pipe outlet.Pipeline is collected mouthful higher than culvert pipe and pipe outlet under water.The current floating refuse of carrying under one's arms enters pipeline from collecting mouth, from the pipe outlet of dam downstream one side, discharges, and by the gate opening/closing of culvert pipe entrance under water, is regulated and controled.The current waste flow of carrying under one's arms can cause difficulty to closing gate when gate, can be before valve closing on collecting mouthful, lay rubbish filtering net temporarily, and rubbish is filtered.
Floating refuse quantity and reservoir level differed greatly in rainy season and dry season, and the floating refuse of a flood formation is often also many than the floating refuse total amount in whole dry season.Rubbish collects screening plant and floats with water surface fluctuation, and culvert pipe is set in below dry season water level under water, if the elevation of pipe outlet immobilizes, the discrepancy in elevation of conduit entrance and outlet changes with reservoir level lifting.The discharge of pipe outlet, junk traffic and water flow impact pressure can great changes will take place thereupon.Reservoir is when flood season especially flood level, and the water flow impact pressure of pipe outlet is maximum, and rubbish quantity is maximum, and just the opposite in dry season.The huge difference of pipe outlet water flow impact pressure and junk traffic even reaches the degree that is difficult to regulation and control.For this reason, the present invention proposes from conduit entrance to the pipeline between culvert gate under water, and culvert pipe is exported to the pipeline between pipe outlet under water, adopts flexible plastics or rubber tubing.Flexible duct is can appropriateness crooked and mobile, meets before dam with collecting screening plant lifting and unsteady needs, alleviates installing the impact of floating attitude.Meet pipe outlet behind dam with the needs of storing up output device and moving up and down simultaneously.At refuse collection mouth, during with reservoir level lifting, pipe outlet promotes thereupon or declines.Refuse collection mouth, the pipe-line system between culvert pipe and pipe outlet keeps inverted-siphon form under water, the discrepancy in elevation that conduit entrance is appropriate with outlet maintenance, impact force and junk traffic that pipe outlet current are kept in balance all can equilibrium carry out stably refuse collection, storage when reservoir high-low water level.
Floating refuse enters refuse collection, storage and output program after exporting with current discharge line.
The conventional method that reservoir is stored up floating refuse is to adopt artificial and machinery to store up, natural packing, loose in a jumble, store up with delivery efficiency very low.To this, the present invention a kind of refuse collection, storage output device is proposed and pipe-line system supporting.Refuse collection, storage adopts profile as " the collection dress cage " of container.Collection dress cage open top, surrounding and bottom adopt net-shaped steel structure.Suspension ring are installed at collection dress cage top, and for crane lifting, bottom is installed road wheel and walked in orbit.Collection dress cage is placed on the collection dress cage platform of dam dam rear wall, and platform surface is installed collection dress cage track and collection dress cage driving mechanism.Platform preset to be installed, in the position of dress and output collection dress cage, the length of platform at least can be placed three collection dress cages simultaneously.Collection dress cage to be installed is lifted into the holding position for the treatment of on platform track by dam crest crane from dam crest roping automobile, is driven, and promote to move forward in the lump at dress collection dress cage and output collection dress cage by stage driving.Rubbish packs into from the top at dress collection dress cage through pipe outlet with current.
Pipe outlet is arranged on above the top of dress collection dress cage direction of advance, adopts elbow-making, and the mouth of pipe is downwards towards collection dress cage.Collection dress cage to be installed is entered at holding position along track by driving mechanism driving, starts to store up the rubbish that pipe outlet is discharged in continuation is mobile.The rubbish that packs collection dress cage into is subject to the intense impact of the follow-up current of pipe outlet and rubbish, and current see through the net-shaped steel structure discharge of collection dress cage bottom and surrounding, rubbish in collection fills cage by regular compression compact.At dress collection dress cage, in movement, from top to end, fill rubbish, continue to move into outgoing position, by dam crest crane lifting, to being parked on the roping automobile of dam crest, complete refuse collection, storage and output procedure.Rubbish is to be installed, in dress, output procedure, loop, and goes round and begins again.
Pipe outlet is fixed on collection dress cage platform, and the elevation of adjusting pipe outlet needs the whole collection dress cage platform height of adjusting.The present invention proposes the attached wall track of the vertical installation of dam dam rear wall above collection dress cage platform, by being arranged on the traction machine traction collection dress cage platform of track top, together with pipe outlet, along attached wall track, rise or decline, adjust pipe outlet elevation, the suitable discrepancy in elevation of maintenance and conduit entrance, keeps the equilibrium of refuse collection, storage steadily to carry out.