CN103633541A - FPGA (field programmable gate array) based pulse fiber laser power control system - Google Patents
FPGA (field programmable gate array) based pulse fiber laser power control system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides an FPGA (field programmable gate array) based pulse fiber laser power control system applied to laser marking and a control method. The pulse fiber laser power control system comprises a computer, a power control system and a pulse fiber laser, the computer is used for sending out a control signal, the power control system is implemented based on an FPGA, and the pulse fiber laser emits out laser under control. The method includes performing output power value distribution of laser output voltage and semiconductor laser output power, comparing power of constant-current source driving with power of latching, and feeding back a comparative result to a constant-current source for driving. The requirement on laser marking can be well met according to output light power of the pulse fiber laser, output size of power is monitored in real time through a fuzzy control algorithm of double-ended input and single-ended output, and size of current of a constant-current source driving circuit is regulated according to a feedback power value so as to guarantee stability of the output power.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of power control system of pulse optical fiber.Particularly, the present invention relates to a kind of control system and control method that is applied to the pulse optical fiber based on FPGA in laser marking.
Background technology
Fiber laser, since coming out, has been subject to extensive concern both domestic and external.Fiber laser is divided into again continuous type and impulse type.Because the peak power ratio continuous laser of pulse optical fiber Output of laser has improved several orders of magnitude, can under less output energy, obtain high peak power, and there is the ultra-short pulse laser of certain repetition rate, high-energy, high-peak power and high light beam quality, make the field of its application more extensive.Because pulse optical fiber has excellent beam quality, higher power and power density, easy many-sided advantage such as cooling, high stability and reliability, it has broad application prospects in fields such as laser marking, printing, micromachined, selectivity cutting, welding.Laser marking is to utilize laser to etch and have the word of certain depth or color or pattern etc. at the surface of the work that need to carry out mark, thereby leaves permanent marker on the surface of workpiece.As a kind of modern precision processing method, compare with the processing method that burn into spark machined, mechanical engraving, printing etc. are traditional, laser marking has larger advantage, has now been widely used in figure and the word marking of the various fields such as integrated circuit (IC) chip, metal calling cards, electronics and communication product, packaging for foodstuff.
Yet pulse optical fiber power output can change along with the variation in semiconductor laser temperature and life-span, may show because of the difference of device the difference that appearance is larger.The threshold value of semiconductor laser obviously increases along with the rising of temperature, and the drift of semiconductor laser threshold value, also brings very large inconvenience to use.If adopt fixing bias current, must cause the drift of output optical pulse peak power, and reduce the stability of Output optical power.
At present, pulse optical fiber also has broad application prospects in fields such as medical science, optical information processing, panchromatic demonstration and laser printings.But because domestic research is in this respect started late, mostly in the experimental study stage, realize industrialization, commercialization and external a certain distance in addition, therefore need to a kind ofly have more product effect, control more accurate pulse optical fiber power control system.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the extensive use of current pulse optical fiber in laser marking system, designed the overall plan of pulse optical fiber system.
According to an aspect of the present invention, the method of a kind of control for the pulse optical fiber power control system based on FPGA of laser marking is provided, described pulse optical fiber power control system comprises computer for sending control signal, the power control system of realizing based on FPGA and under controlling, sends the pulse optical fiber of laser, and described method comprises step:
A) for pulse optical fiber power control system powers up, and the galvanometer for laser marking is carried out to initialization;
Whether the power supply that b) judges described pulse optical fiber is opened, if open, paired pulses fiber laser power control system carries out initialization;
C) judge whether user has started the laser marking software in described computer, if start, mark parameter is arranged;
D) by steps d) in the parameter that arranges be transferred to computer, carry out after data processing, the mark control signal of output is transferred to described power control system, produce the work that control signal is controlled described pulse optical fiber;
E) detect and whether have power latch signal to arrive, if having, by register pair power, latch;
F) detect and whether have laser power control signal to arrive, if having, start DC/DC isolation;
G) carry out delay operation to wait for that power supply is stable;
H) send enable signal to start the acousto-optic modulator comprising in described pulse optical fiber;
I) produce synchronization pulse and be loaded into described acousto-optic modulator;
J) noise spectra of semiconductor lasers powers on and carries out soft start control;
K) output power value that carries out laser output voltage and semiconductor laser power output distributes, and the power latching in the power wherein constant-current source being driven and step e compares, and comparative result is fed back to constant-current source and drive.
Preferably, described power control system comprises power setting module, main oscillations level and amplifying stage control module, AOM driver module, Feedback of Power module and operating state warning indicating module.
Preferably, described pulse optical fiber adopts main oscillations and power amplification structure.
Preferably, in described step k, if constant-current source driving power is less than, latch 60% of power, close DC/DC module and shield PC control signal; If constant-current source driving power be greater than latch power 80% and be less than and latch 100% of power, by fuzzy control output current, feed back to constant-current source and drive; If constant-current source driving power be greater than latch power 60% and be less than and latch 80% of power, send warning message, passing ratio is controlled output current and is fed back to constant-current source and drive simultaneously.
Preferably, described fuzzy control adopts the two-dimensional fuzzy controller of dual input list output.
Preferably, adopting the mark of described galvanometer is dot matrix mark mode.
Preferably, the parameter arranging in described step c is selected from the average output power of laser, the repetition rate of acousto-optic modulator and mark mode.
Preferably, the delay time of described step g is 5ms.
Pulse optical fiber Output optical power according to the present invention can well meet the requirement of laser marking, by having adopted the FUZZY ALGORITHMS FOR CONTROL of both-end input Single-end output, carry out the output size of real-time monitoring power, and regulate the size of the electric current of constant current source driving circuit according to the performance number of feedback, guarantee power stable of output.
The description and the follow-up detailed description that should be appreciated that aforementioned cardinal principle are exemplary illustration and explanation, should the restriction to the claimed content of the present invention with do.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Describe by reference to the accompanying drawings above and other of the present invention aspect in detail, in accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is system global structure block diagram;
Fig. 2 is system control method flow chart.
Hereinafter, embodiments of the invention will be described with reference to the drawings.In the accompanying drawings, identical Reference numeral represents same or similar parts, or same or similar step.
Embodiment
By reference to one exemplary embodiment, object of the present invention and function and will be illustrated for realizing the method for these objects and function.Yet the present invention is not limited to following disclosed one exemplary embodiment; Can to it, be realized by multi-form.The essence of specification is only to help various equivalent modifications Integrated Understanding detail of the present invention.
the overall structure of system
The present invention is mainly for the pulse optical fiber control system being applied in laser marking.According to the system framework of the pulse optical fiber power control system based on FPGA of the present invention as shown in Figure 1, system 100 comprises computer 101 for sending control signal, the power control system 102 of realizing based on FPGA and under controlling, sends the pulse optical fiber 103 of laser.
Computer 101 is realized the overall control of system 100, by laser marking software, for user provides input interface, makes user send control command to mark Control card.Particularly, computer 101 mainly completes following two parts function.First, the mark software of user by host computer completes various mark contents and (comprises word, numeral, bar code, pattern etc.) input, instruction in operating software to the content of having inputted amplify, during the processing of the data such as filling, upset, computer can generate corresponding marking data, and is sent to follow-up power control system 102.Second, when the marking data of the laser marking Software Create of computer 101 for example, sends to after mark Control card by control line (usb bus), mark Control card air exercise target data are carried out after data processing, are transferred to the power control system 102 for control impuls fiber laser 103 of slave computer by parallel data line.
Power control system 102 is connected with the mark Control card that is positioned at computer 101 (hereinafter referred is host computer) by parallel data transfer bus, and the mark control signal sending according to host computer produces the power output of control impuls fiber laser 103.The basic structure of this power control system 102 can be divided into power setting module, main oscillations level and amplifying stage control module, AOM driver module, Feedback of Power module and operating state warning indicating module.The basic functional principle of this power control system 102 is: when the rising edge that the mark control signal that host computer sends detected when this power control system 102 arrives, first this power control system 102 is carried out to initialization setting; When power latchs rising edge arrival, by register pair power, latch with MO and PA output power value and distribute; And according to the repetition rate of mark software set, produce the narrow pulse signal with this Frequency Synchronization; This power control system 102 is controlled respectively the state of main oscillations level and power amplification level work according to the mark timing control signal receiving.Feedback of Power module is used for monitoring in real time output power value, and according to the size of power output, changes the size of fiber laser power output, when monitoring system power output when abnormal, by warning indicating module, sends to the master system indication of reporting to the police.
Power control system 102 according to the present invention preferably adopts and realizes with monolithic fpga chip.
Pulse optical fiber 103 is for producing the pulsed laser beam of the required certain power of mark under the control at power control system 102.Owing to needing high-energy, the output of high-power pulse laser in laser marking process, the pulse energy of only utilizing single Q-switched laser to obtain is limited, is also not enough to meet the requirement of laser marking.In order further to improve pulse energy, will use amplifying technique, according to the present invention, adopted main oscillations and power amplification (MOPA) structure.MOPA structure acousto-optic Q impulse optical fiber laser structure is mainly comprised of main oscillations level and power-amplifier stage two parts.By main oscillations level and power-amplifier stage semiconductor laser separately, formed.This structure outstanding feature is: main oscillations level is mainly to produce the reasonable seed light of beam quality, and is transferred to power-amplifier stage by doubly clad optical fiber coupler; Power-amplifier stage is mainly to utilize Double-clad fiber amplifier technology to carry out power amplification to it to the seed light of main oscillations level output; Realized and when guaranteeing the excellent beam quality of output, produced again high-energy, high-power pulse output.
system control method design and realization
According to of the present invention, for controlling the software control design of native system, be mainly used in coordinating the debugging of ware circuit and the checking of systemic-function as shown in Figure 1.According to the flow chart of control method of the present invention as shown in Figure 2, particularly, control method of the present invention comprises the steps:
In step 201, for pulse optical fiber power control system 100 according to the present invention powers up.
In step 202, the galvanometer for laser marking is carried out to initialization.Galvanometer is selected corresponding optical component according to the difference of optical maser wavelength, its operation principle be by laser beam incident to two speculums (scanning mirror), the reflection angle of speculum computerizeds control, these two speculums can be respectively along X, Y axis scanning, thereby reach the deflection of laser beam, the Laser Focusing point that makes to have certain power density on mark material by required requirement campaign, thereby on material surface, leave permanent mark.Mirror-vibrating mark also can adopt dot matrix mark mode, adopts very applicablely for on-line marking in this way, according to the production line of friction speed, can adopt a scanning galvanometer or two scanning galvanometers.
In step 203, judge now whether the power supply of pulse optical fiber 103 is opened, if do not open, system is waited for until enter step 204 after the power supply opening of laser.
In step 204, paired pulses fiber laser power control system 100 carries out initialization.
In step 205, judge whether user has started the laser marking software in computer 101, if do not start, system is waited for until user starts laser marking software, then enters step 206.
In step 206, mark parameter is arranged, by laser marking software, the average output power of laser can be set, parameters such as the repetition rate of acousto-optic modulator and mark modes.
In step 207, the parameter arranging in step 206 is transferred to the mark Control card in computer 101 by serial ports, after Control card data processing, the mark control signal of output is transferred to power control system 102 by parallel port.When FPGA power control system 102 detects the mark instruction that host computer sends, each functional module of initialization first, the control signal secondly being produced by each functional module is carried out control impuls fiber laser 103 normal operations in an orderly manner.
Then,, in step 208, wait for the arrival of power latch signal.For example, in the embodiment of the power control system 102 of realizing at FPGA with 75LVC4245A chip, this power latch signal is that the Pin9 by FPGA arrives, and when Pin9 receives rising edge signal, is power latch signal and arrives, and now enters step 209.
In step 209, power control system 102 receives power latch signal, carries out power and latchs.Particularly, by register pair power, latch.
In step 210, wait for the arrival of laser power control signal, to start DC/DC isolation.In laser marking system according to the present invention, the performance number of setting by upper computer software is digital signal, need to be converted into the size that analog signal is controlled semiconductor laser output current, thereby realizes the accurate marking of laser marking system.Preferably, the analog output that uses 12 high-precision D/A to control.Size for this system output average light power of Real-Time Monitoring, the analog signal of being exported by Photodetection system, need to be converted into digital quantity by A/D converter part, and process relatively with the digital quantity of controller inner setting, carry out regulating impulse fiber laser output power value.In order to improve the precision of analog voltage output, according to system according to the present invention, adopt DC/DC isolation, and after analog end power supply is DC/DC isolation.
According to one embodiment of present invention, in the embodiment of the power control system 102 of realizing at FPGA with 75LVC4245A chip, this power latch signal is that the Pin18 by FPGA arrives, when Pin9 receives rising edge signal, be power latch signal and arrive, now enter step 211.
In step 211, laser power control signal arrives, and opens DC/DC module and starts DC/DC isolation.
Then,, in step 212, carry out delay operation to wait for that power supply is stable.Preferably, delay time is 5ms.
Then,, in step 213, send enable signal so that the acousto-optic modulator comprising in starting impulse fiber laser 103 (AOM).
Then,, in step 214, produce synchronization pulse and be loaded into acousto-optic modulator.Particularly, whether detection power control system 102 receives that control signal is to produce synchronization pulse.According to one embodiment of present invention, in the embodiment of the power control system 102 of realizing at FPGA with 75LVC4245A chip, this control signal is that the Pin20 by FPGA arrives.When the repetition rate of the acousto-optic modulator that the control signal producing when system is set is 20～200kHz, after PC control board data processing, produces the periodic signal of square wave identical with setpoint frequency and be loaded in this control system.When system detects the rising edge arrival of square wave control signal, will produce the narrow pulse signal of synchronizeing with this signal, pulse duration changes between 0.1～1 μ s according to the value that repeats incoming frequency.
When the frequency input range of measured signal is 20～200kHz, reference clock is the clock frequency 100MHz of power control system 102 (for example FPGA).Because the frequency of reference clock is 100MHz much larger than the frequency of measured signal, so using the one-period of measured signal as being gate time T1=10ns, reference clock to 100MHz in T1 is counted, and the number in tested cycle is N1, the period T w=T1N1 of measured signal.102 of power control systems produce the synchronization pulse corresponding with it according to the frequency of measured signal, and are loaded into the input of acousto-optic modulator.
Synchronize with step 213 that what carry out is step 215, power control system 102, according to the current state of internal state machine, is processed corresponding control command in an orderly manner, and noise spectra of semiconductor lasers powers on and carries out soft start control.
Then, in step 216, the control signal that readout power control system 102 receives, the output power value that carries out laser output voltage (MO) and semiconductor laser power output (PA) distributes.Particularly, the control signal receiving is from fiber laser bright dipping and the not bright dipping control end of power control system 102.In the embodiment of the power control system 102 of realizing at FPGA with 75LVC4245A chip, this control signal is that the Pin19 by FPGA receives.When FPGA detects the arrival of Pin19 signal, according to certain sequential relationship, produce three tunnel control signal Pin19_mo, Pin19_pa1 and Pin19_pa2, one tunnel is controlled main oscillations constant current and is driven, one tunnel is controlled one-level and is amplified (pa1) constant current driving, one tunnel is controlled secondary and is amplified (pa2) constant current driving, is used for respectively controlling the first semiconductor laser LD1 of main oscillations level and the second semiconductor laser LD2 of power-amplifier stage and the state that opens and shuts off of LD3.Constant current source driving circuit is by controlling semiconductor laser power output sizes at different levels, meeting the requirement of the average optical output power of default.In order to make the light power stabilising of system output, the method that has adopted proportional control and fuzzy control to combine on Software for Design, by the constantly set point of regulating power and the difference between value of feedback, comes the average power content of assurance system output to reach stable.
Particularly, the power that constant-current source is driven, after opticator and power detection, compares with the former power latching in step 209, if find, constant-current source driving power is less than latchs 60% of power, closes DC/DC module and shields PC control signal; If constant-current source driving power be greater than latch power 80% and be less than and latch 100% of power, by fuzzy control output current, feed back to constant-current source and drive; If constant-current source driving power be greater than latch power 60% and be less than and latch 80% of power, send warning message, passing ratio is controlled output current and is fed back to constant-current source and drive simultaneously.
According to fuzzy control of the present invention, adopt the two-dimensional fuzzy controller design of dual input list output.Specific algorithm is designed to power deviation er=setting power P0-feedback power Pt, and an error rate rate=(feedback power-upper feedback power constantly this moment)/the time interval, making the time interval is 1s, so the rate of change that rate is power error.Because the scope of setting power is 1～10W, and the scope of measuring power is 0.5～10W, the basic domain of error is [0.5W, 9.5W], the universe of a fuzzy set at definition error place is E, and being divided into 11 fuzzy subsets, the relation of the corresponding power difference of fuzzy subset is shown in Table 1.Wherein N, 0, P0, P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, P7 and P8 represent respectively negative, zero, positive zero, positive 1, positive 2, positive 3, positive 4, positive 5, positive 6, positive 7 and positive 8.
Table 1 fuzzy control rule table
The basic domain of rate is [0.25W, + 0.25W], the universe of a fuzzy set at definition rate place is RT, and be divided into 7 fuzzy subsets, the relation of the value of fuzzy subset and corresponding power variation rate is in Table 1, wherein, NL, N, NS, 0, PS, P and PL represent respectively negative large, negative, negative little, zero, just little, just with honest.By output controlled quentity controlled variable, it is the size of power stage value, the universe of a fuzzy set P at its place is divided into 15 fuzzy subsets, be respectively N4, N3, N2, N1, N0,0, P0, P1, P2, P3, P4, P5, P6, P7 and P8, respectively representative negative 4, negative 3, negative 2, negative 1, negative 0, zero, positive zero, positive 1, positive 2, positive 3, positive 4, positive 5, positive 6, positive 7 and positive 8.The fuzzy control rule that adopts IF E and RT then P, can obtain corresponding control rule table, is shown in Table 1.
Feedback of Power according to the present invention relates to can be used for monitoring in real time output power value, and according to the size of power output, change the size of fiber laser power output, when monitoring system power output when abnormal, by warning indicating module, send to the master system indication of reporting to the police.
Preferably, can be by realizing in Quartus II development platform according to writing of system controlling software code of the present invention, and utilize Verilog language to realize.By Quartus II development platform, can realize emulation and the debugging of software, be conducive to programming and the debugging of code, shorten the cycle of software development.
Pulse optical fiber Output optical power according to the present invention can well meet the requirement of laser marking, by having adopted the FUZZY ALGORITHMS FOR CONTROL of both-end input Single-end output, carry out the output size of real-time monitoring power, and regulate the size of the electric current of constant current source driving circuit according to the performance number of feedback, guarantee power stable of output.
The above; it is only the embodiment in the present invention; but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this; any people who is familiar with this technology is in the disclosed technical scope of the present invention; can understand conversion or the replacement expected; all should be encompassed in of the present invention comprise scope within, therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection range of claims.In conjunction with the explanation of the present invention and the practice that disclose here, other embodiment of the present invention are apparent for those skilled in the art.Illustrate with embodiment and be only considered to exemplary, true scope of the present invention and purport limit by claim.
Claims (8)
1. a control is for the method for the pulse optical fiber power control system based on FPGA of laser marking, described pulse optical fiber power control system comprises computer for sending control signal, the power control system of realizing based on FPGA and under controlling, sends the pulse optical fiber of laser, and described method comprises step:
A) for pulse optical fiber power control system powers up, and the galvanometer for laser marking is carried out to initialization;
Whether the power supply that b) judges described pulse optical fiber is opened, if open, paired pulses fiber laser power control system carries out initialization;
C) judge whether user has started the laser marking software in described computer, if start, mark parameter is arranged;
D) by steps d) in the parameter that arranges be transferred to computer, carry out after data processing, the mark control signal of output is transferred to described power control system, produce the work that control signal is controlled described pulse optical fiber;
E) detect and whether have power latch signal to arrive, if having, by register pair power, latch;
F) detect and whether have laser power control signal to arrive, if having, start DC/DC isolation;
G) carry out delay operation to wait for that power supply is stable;
H) send enable signal to start the acousto-optic modulator comprising in described pulse optical fiber;
I) produce synchronization pulse and be loaded into described acousto-optic modulator;
J) noise spectra of semiconductor lasers powers on and carries out soft start control;
K) output power value that carries out laser output voltage and semiconductor laser power output distributes, and the power latching in the power wherein constant-current source being driven and step e compares, and comparative result is fed back to constant-current source and drive.
2. the method for claim 1, wherein said power control system comprises power setting module, main oscillations level and amplifying stage control module, AOM driver module, Feedback of Power module and operating state warning indicating module.
3. the method for claim 1, wherein said pulse optical fiber adopts main oscillations and power amplification structure.
4. the method for claim 1, in wherein said step k, latchs 60% of power if constant-current source driving power is less than, and closes DC/DC module and shields PC control signal; If constant-current source driving power be greater than latch power 80% and be less than and latch 100% of power, by fuzzy control output current, feed back to constant-current source and drive; If constant-current source driving power be greater than latch power 60% and be less than and latch 80% of power, send warning message, passing ratio is controlled output current and is fed back to constant-current source and drive simultaneously.
5. method as claimed in claim 4, wherein fuzzy control adopts the two-dimensional fuzzy controller of dual input list output.
6. the method for claim 1, the mark that wherein adopts described galvanometer is dot matrix mark mode.
7. the method for claim 1, the parameter arranging in wherein said step c is selected from the average output power of laser, the repetition rate of acousto-optic modulator and mark mode.
8. the method for claim 1, the delay time of wherein said step g is 5ms.
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