CN103630705A - Solid two-dimensional wind speed and direction measuring instrument and measuring method thereof - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a two-dimensional solid-state anemometer and a measuring method thereof. The two-dimensional solid-state anemometer comprises: a wind receiving cylinder, a pressure guide tube, and a sensor; an even number of small holes are distributed on the cylinder surface of the wind receiving cylinder; one end of the pressure guide tube is connected to the wind receiving cylinder surface The other end communicates with the sensor; the sensor is used to measure the pressure difference between two small holes whose horizontal distance on the cylinder surface of the wind receiving cylinder is equal to the diameter of the wind receiving cylinder. The measuring method of the two-dimensional anemometer comprises: fixing the measuring instrument, determining the orientation of the measuring instrument; when there is a wind in the horizontal direction, measuring each pair of horizontal distances on the wind-affected cylinder surface of the measuring instrument as the wind-affected cylinder The pressure difference on the point of the diameter; by the said pressure difference obtained, according to the relationship between the wind pressure distribution on the cylindrical surface and the wind speed and wind direction, calculate the wind speed and the relative wind direction with respect to the wind receiving cylinder; according to the determined measuring instrument Azimuth, to calculate the actual wind direction. Compared with common anemometers, the two-dimensional solid-state anemometer disclosed by the invention has the advantages of small size, non-destructive properties and fast response.

Description

A solid-state two-dimensional wind speed and direction measuring instrument and its measuring method

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of wind speed and wind direction measurement, in particular to a solid-state two-dimensional wind speed and direction measuring instrument and a measuring method thereof.

Background technique

Wind speed and wind direction are important meteorological parameters, which are of great significance to people's daily life, meteorological environment, national defense aviation, industrial and agricultural production, and transportation. Therefore, wind speed and wind direction measuring instruments have been widely used in many occasions.

There are many kinds of wind speed and wind direction measurement principles and corresponding measuring instruments. Among them, the mechanical wind speed and direction instrument is the standard for meteorological observation, which is composed of a wind cup anemometer and a wind vane. In the wind cup anemometer, there are three or four hemispherical or parabolic empty cups, which are evenly distributed along one side to form a rotating structure. Under the action of wind force, its rotational speed is proportional to the wind speed, and the wind speed is measured by recording the rotational speed. The wind vane is an asymmetrical object fixed on a rotating bracket, and when it is affected by the wind, it will rotate along the wind to show the wind direction.

Mechanical anemometer technology is mature and widely used. However, this kind of device is bulky and takes up a lot of space when used; various moving and rotating parts in the components are easy to wear and have a short service life, and the wind-affected parts are easily damaged under high wind speed; the wind-affected parts have large inertia and cannot respond quickly wind speed changes,

In addition, there are such as hot-wire anemometers, pressure anemometers, ultrasonic anemometers, etc., all of which have the disadvantage of large volume.

Contents of the invention

(1) Technical problems to be solved

The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem of large volume of conventional anemometers, especially the problems of large volume, easy damage and slow response of mechanical anemometers.

(2) Technical solution

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides a solid-state two-dimensional wind speed and direction measuring instrument, which is characterized in that it includes a wind-receiving cylinder, a pressure guiding tube, and a sensor; an even number of small holes are distributed on the cylinder surface of the wind-receiving cylinder ; One end of the pressure guide tube communicates with the small hole on the wind-receiving cylinder, and the other end communicates with the sensor; the sensor is used to measure the horizontal distance on the wind-receiving cylinder equal to the wind-receiving The pressure difference between two small holes of cylindrical diameter.

The present invention also provides a measurement method of a solid-state two-dimensional wind speed and direction measuring instrument, comprising the following steps:

Step 1: Fix the measuring instrument and determine the orientation of the measuring instrument;

Step 2: When there is a wind effect in the horizontal direction, measure the pressure difference on each pair of points on the wind-receiving cylinder surface of the measuring instrument whose horizontal distance is the diameter of the wind-receiving cylinder;

Step 3: From the obtained pressure difference, according to the relationship between the wind pressure distribution on the cylindrical surface and the wind speed and direction, calculate the wind speed and the relative wind direction relative to the wind receiving cylinder;

Step 4: Calculate the actual wind direction according to the determined orientation of the measuring instrument.

(3) Beneficial effects

It can be seen from the above technical scheme that the solid-state two-dimensional anemometer and its measurement method provided by the present invention have the following beneficial effects:

(1) In the present invention, the physical quantity of measurement is pressure, and the pressure of the surface of the wind cylinder is affected by the size little, and the device can be miniaturized;

(2) In the present invention, the wind-receiving part is solid, without moving parts, and the structure is not easily damaged;

(3) In the present invention, the response time of the pressure or differential pressure sensor is short, and can quickly respond to changes in wind speed.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the two-dimensional anemometer of an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a wind-receiving cylindrical part of a two-dimensional anemometer according to an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a two-dimensional anemometer according to another embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed ways

In order to make the technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer and easier to understand, the present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings.

It should be noted that, in the drawings or descriptions of the specification, similar or identical parts use the same reference numerals. In addition, in the accompanying drawings, some adjustments have been made to the shape and size ratio of the embodiment to simplify the illustration and facilitate the description of the relationship between the various parts. Moreover, the peripheral components or implementations that are not drawn or described in the drawings and descriptions but are required for the normal operation of the embodiments are forms well known to those skilled in the art. Also, although this article may provide examples of parameters that include specific values, it is important to understand that parameters do not have to be exactly equal to the corresponding values, and that changes can be made within given tolerances or design constraints.

The core idea of the present invention is: when the cylinder is subjected to the effect of the wind perpendicular to the cylinder longitudinal axis, the pressure at different points on the cylinder surface is different; Wind direction) is related to wind speed; measure the pressure difference with suitable equipment, and determine the relationship between the pressure difference and wind speed and direction, then the wind speed and direction can be calculated.

Example 1

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of the present invention; Referring to Fig. 1, in this embodiment, the solid-state two-dimensional anemometer includes a wind receiving cylinder 2, a pressure guiding tube 5 and a sensor 6; the receiving The height of the wind cylinder is 120mm, and the diameter is 20mm; the top of the wind receiving cylinder is a hemispherical hood 1; the number of holes 3 on the wind receiving cylinder is 6 minimum, and 8 is selected in this embodiment, and the described receiving wind The holes 3 on the wind cylinder are evenly distributed on the same horizontal circumference of the wind cylinder 2; the small holes 3 on the wind cylinder are distributed in the middle of the wind cylinder 2, avoiding The abnormal area of wind pressure distribution at both ends of the wind-receiving cylinder 2; the number of small holes 4 at the bottom of the wind-receiving cylinder is 8, which correspond to and conduct one-to-one with the small holes 3 on the wind-receiving cylinder surface; The pressure guide tube 5 is connected to the small hole 4 at the bottom of the wind-receiving cylinder and the sensor 6; the sensor 6 is a gas differential pressure sensor, and there are 4 of them, which measure the two small holes on the surface of the wind-receiving cylinder. pressure difference between them.

It should be noted that the connection relationship between the pressure guiding pipe 5 and the sensor 6 drawn in Fig. 1 is only a simplified schematic, and the actual connection relationship will make the horizontal distance between the sensor 6 and the diameter of the wind receiving cylinder 2 The small holes 3 on the two wind-receiving cylinders are in communication with each other.

Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the wind-receiving cylinder 2, the small hole 3 on the surface of the wind-receiving cylinder is in communication with the small hole 4 at the bottom of the wind-receiving cylinder.

When the vertical cylinder is affected by the wind in the horizontal direction, the pressure difference p between a point on the cylinder and its point opposite to the cylinder, the angle θ of the point’s deviation from the positive windward point on the cylinder and the wind speed v satisfy the following formula:

p=c(θ)×ρv ²

where ρ is the air density; c(θ) is a function of θ, which can be determined by measurement, that is, through the horizontal wind at a given speed, measure the pressure difference p between each point on the surface of the vertical cylinder and the point opposite the cylinder, and then c(θ) is calculated from the air density ρ and the given velocity. In this embodiment, c(θ)=0.49(cos ² θ−1)+0.305, θ∈[−45°, 45°].

According to the above principles, for the two-dimensional solid-state anemometer of this embodiment, a measurement method is provided, including the following steps:

(1) Fix the measuring instrument and determine its orientation relative to true north;

(2) When there is a wind effect in the horizontal direction, the pressure difference of each pair of small holes 3 on the wind-receiving cylinder cylinder whose horizontal distance is equal to the diameter of the wind-receiving cylinder 2 is measured by the sensor 6, and there are four measured values in total ;

(3) Select the largest absolute value measured value p ₁ and the measured value p ₂ with the second largest absolute value, according to the formula:

$\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&theta;</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0.5</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&times;</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; \{</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; cos</span>}}^{<span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; [</span>\frac{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0.12</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&times;</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; |</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; <figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="p"\; filenames="HDA00002743820700011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">p</figure-callout></span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; |</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; |</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; <figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="p"\; filenames="HDA00002743820700011.png,HDA00002743820700021.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">p</figure-callout></span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; |</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0.49</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&times;</span>\sqrt{{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; <figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="p"\; filenames="HDA00002743820700011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">p</figure-callout></span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; <figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="p"\; filenames="HDA00002743820700011.png,HDA00002743820700021.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">p</figure-callout></span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}}^{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ]</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; -</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; the\; tan</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; |</span>\frac{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; p</span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}}{{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; <figure-callout\; id="2"\; label="p"\; filenames="HDA00002743820700011.png,HDA00002743820700021.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">p</figure-callout></span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; |</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; \}</span>$

$\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; v</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; =</span>\sqrt{\frac{<span\; class="notranslate">\; |</span>{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; <figure-callout\; id="1"\; label="p"\; filenames="HDA00002743820700011.png"\; state="\{\{state\}\}">p</figure-callout></span>}}_{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 1</span>}}<span\; class="notranslate">\; |</span>}{\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&rho;</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&times;</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; [</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0.245</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&times;</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; cos</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; (</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 2</span>}\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; \&theta;</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; )</span><span\; class="notranslate">\; +</span>\mathrm{<span\; class="notranslate">\; 0.06</span>}<span\; class="notranslate">\; ]</span>}}$

Calculate the wind speed v and the relative wind direction θ. ρ is the air density in the formula. The relative wind direction calculated here is based on the positive pressure hole in the small hole 3 on the wind cylinder corresponding to the measured value _p1 ;

(4) Determine the reference hole described in step (3) according to the sign of _p1 . According to the orientation of the reference hole relative to the cylinder and the predetermined north orientation, the orientation of the reference hole in the geodetic coordinate system described in step (3) is known, thereby calculating the actual wind direction.

Example 2

The number N of small holes 3 on the wind-receiving cylinder is at least 6; when N increases, more measured values can be used for solving, and the reliability and accuracy of the measured results are higher. The small holes 3 do not need to be distributed at the same height. In the stable wind pressure distribution area in the middle section of the wind receiving cylinder, the partial pressure distribution on different horizontal circles is consistent. Another specific embodiment of the present invention is provided when the number N of the small holes 3 on the wind-receiving cylinder is chosen to be a minimum value of 6 and the small holes 3 are distributed on different horizontal circumferences.

Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the present embodiment; with reference to Fig. 3, in the present embodiment, the solid-state two-dimensional anemometer comprises a wind-receiving cylinder 2, a pressure guiding tube 5 and a sensor 6; the wind-receiving cylinder The height is 100mm, and the diameter is 26mm; the wind-receiving cylinder 2 is hollow; the wind-receiving cylinder top is a disc-shaped wind cap 7, which can block rainwater for the small hole 3 on the wind-receiving cylinder cylinder; The number of holes 3 on the wind-receiving cylinder is 6, distributed on different horizontal circumferences of the wind-receiving cylinder 2, and the horizontal projection is evenly distributed on the horizontal projection circumference of the cylinder; The small holes 3 are distributed in the middle section of the wind-receiving cylinder 2, avoiding the abnormal distribution of wind pressure at both ends of the wind-receiving cylinder 2 as much as possible; The hole 3 and the sensor 6; the sensor 6 is a gas pressure sensor, a total of 6, the respective measurement chamber together with the small hole 3 on the wind cylinder surface, the reference chamber pressure of each of the sensors 6 is the same.

When the vertical cylinder is affected by the wind in the horizontal direction, the pressure difference p between a point on the cylinder and its point opposite to the cylinder, the angle θ of the point’s deviation from the positive windward point on the cylinder and the wind speed v satisfy the following formula:

p=c(θ)×ρv ²

Wherein ρ is the air density; c(θ) is a function of θ, which can be determined by measurement, the method is as described in Example 1. c(θ) decreases monotonically in the [0°, 60°] interval, and there is an inflection point in the [60°, 70°] interval, if the number N of small holes 3 on the wind-receiving cylinder surface is 4, two holes When the horizontal angle difference of is 90°, the unique solution cannot be obtained, so N must be at least 6.

According to the above principles, for the two-dimensional solid-state anemometer of this embodiment, the corresponding measurement method includes the following steps:

(1) Fix the measuring instrument and determine its orientation relative to true north;

(2) When there is a wind effect in the horizontal direction, the sensor 6 measures the pressure of each pair of horizontal distances equal to the small holes 3 on the wind-receiving cylinder surface of the wind-receiving cylinder 2 diameters, a total of 6 measured values;

(3) Calculate the pressure difference of two small holes whose horizontal distance is equal to the diameter of the wind-receiving cylinder 2, and obtain 3 calculated values; select the calculated value p1 with the largest absolute value and the calculated value p2 with the second largest absolute value; Solve the equation:

p ₁ =c(θ)ρv ²

Get wind speed v and relative wind direction θ. In the equation, ρ is the air density, and c(θ) is a function determined by measurement as described above. The relative wind direction calculated here is based on the small hole 3 on the wind-receiving cylinder corresponding to the maximum measured value;

(4) according to the orientation of the reference hole with the largest measured value described in the step (3) relative to the cylinder, and the due north orientation determined in advance, obtain the orientation of the reference hole in the geodetic coordinate system described in the step (3), thereby Calculate the actual wind direction.

The specific embodiments described above have further described the purpose, technical solutions and beneficial effects of the present invention in detail. It should be understood that the above descriptions are only specific embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, improvements, etc. made within the spirit and principles of the present invention shall be included within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. a solid-state two-D wind speed wind direction measuring instrument, is characterized in that, comprises wind-engaging cylinder, connecting pipe, sensor; On the cylinder of described wind-engaging cylinder, be distributed with even number aperture; Described connecting pipe one end is communicated with the aperture on described wind-engaging cylinder cylinder, and the other end is communicated with described sensor; Described sensor equals the pressure difference between two apertures of described wind-engaging body diameter for measuring horizontal range on described wind-engaging cylinder cylinder.

2. solid-state two-D wind speed wind direction measuring instrument according to claim 1, is characterized in that, there is blast cap on described wind-engaging cylinder top.

3. solid-state two-D wind speed wind direction measuring instrument according to claim 2, is characterized in that, described blast cap be shaped as the disc that semisphere or diameter are greater than described wind-engaging cylinder.

4. solid-state two-D wind speed wind direction measuring instrument according to claim 1, is characterized in that, there is aperture described wind-engaging cylinder bottom, and the little number of perforations of bottom is identical with the little number of perforations on cylinder; The aperture of wind-engaging cylinder bottom and the corresponding and conducting one by one of aperture on described wind-engaging cylinder cylinder; The aperture of wind-engaging cylinder bottom is communicated with sensor by connecting pipe.

5. solid-state two-D wind speed wind direction measuring instrument according to claim 4, is characterized in that, the number of the aperture on described wind-engaging cylinder cylinder is N, and N is more than or equal to 6 even number; Aperture on wind-engaging cylinder cylinder is evenly distributed on the same level circumference of described wind-engaging cylinder cylinder.

6. solid-state two-D wind speed wind direction measuring instrument according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, the aperture conducting horizontal range of described connecting pipe by described wind-engaging cylinder bottom equals the aperture on two described wind-engaging cylinder cylinders of described wind-engaging body diameter, and described sensor is gas differential pressure sensor.

7. solid-state two-D wind speed wind direction measuring instrument according to claim 1, is characterized in that, one end of described connecting pipe is directly connected with the aperture on described wind-engaging cylinder cylinder, and the other end is directly connected with described sensor, and described sensor is pressure transducer.

8. solid-state two-D wind speed wind direction measuring instrument according to claim 7, is characterized in that, the number of the aperture on described wind-engaging cylinder cylinder is N, and N is more than or equal to 6 even number; Aperture on wind-engaging cylinder cylinder is evenly distributed on the varying level circumference of described wind-engaging cylinder cylinder.

9. a measuring method for solid-state two-D wind speed wind direction measuring instrument, comprises the steps:

Step 1: fixation measuring instrument, determine the orientation of measuring instrument;

Step 2: having the wind of horizontal direction to do the used time, measuring on the wind-engaging cylinder cylinder of described measuring instrument the pressure difference on the point that each is wind-engaging body diameter to horizontal range;

Step 3: by the described pressure difference obtaining, the relation distributing with wind speed and direction according to cylinder cylinder blast, calculate wind speed and with respect to the apparent wind of wind-engaging cylinder to;

Step 4: according to the orientation of described definite measuring instrument, calculate actual wind direction.

10. method according to claim 9, it is characterized in that, on the wind-engaging cylinder of described measuring instrument a bit and the horizontal range on wind-engaging cylinder be that the pressure difference of another point of described wind-engaging body diameter is p, angle θ and wind speed v that this pressure difference p and this point depart from cylinder just windward meet following formula:

p＝c(θ)×ρv ²

Wherein ρ is atmospheric density; C (θ) is the function of θ, and it,, by the horizontal wind of given speed, is measured corresponding pressure difference, and determine according to atmospheric density ρ and described given speed;

By above-mentioned formula, calculate apparent wind to θ, and then determine actual wind direction.

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