CN110470860A - A kind of time difference method ultrasonic wind velocity indicator and calibration method - Google Patents
A kind of time difference method ultrasonic wind velocity indicator and calibration method Download PDFInfo
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- CN110470860A CN110470860A CN201910812609.1A CN201910812609A CN110470860A CN 110470860 A CN110470860 A CN 110470860A CN 201910812609 A CN201910812609 A CN 201910812609A CN 110470860 A CN110470860 A CN 110470860A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P21/00—Testing or calibrating of apparatus or devices covered by the preceding groups
- G01P21/02—Testing or calibrating of apparatus or devices covered by the preceding groups of speedometers
- G01P21/025—Testing or calibrating of apparatus or devices covered by the preceding groups of speedometers for measuring speed of fluids; for measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01P—MEASURING LINEAR OR ANGULAR SPEED, ACCELERATION, DECELERATION, OR SHOCK; INDICATING PRESENCE, ABSENCE, OR DIRECTION, OF MOVEMENT
- G01P5/00—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft
- G01P5/24—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring the direct influence of the streaming fluid on the properties of a detecting acoustical wave
- G01P5/245—Measuring speed of fluids, e.g. of air stream; Measuring speed of bodies relative to fluids, e.g. of ship, of aircraft by measuring the direct influence of the streaming fluid on the properties of a detecting acoustical wave by measuring transit time of acoustical waves
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of time difference method ultrasonic wind velocity indicator and calibration methods, belong to measuring wind speed technical field.The time difference method ultrasonic wind velocity indicator mainly includes that link block, U-tube, ultrasonic transmission/reception sensor, support tube, electronics refer to northern device, data processor, angle sensor；Wherein data processor is made of storage system, data calibration system, communication system.The present invention is based on the vector properties of wind speed, complete transformation of the same vector between different coordinates to calculate corresponding spin matrix by the Eulerian angles between acquisition measurement 3 reference axis of coordinate system and conventional coordinates, realize the purpose calibrated to anemobiagraph.The present invention is not necessarily to carry out wiring work to ultrasonic wind velocity indicator and leveling refers to the calibration operations such as north, the step of anemobiagraph is set up is simplified, the installation effectiveness of instrument is improved, anemobiagraph installation requirement height, calibration difficulties has both been solved the problems, such as, has in turn ensured the authenticity and accuracy of institute's measured data.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to measuring wind speed technical fields, and in particular to a kind of time difference method ultrasonic wind velocity indicator and calibration method.
Background technique
Anemobiagraph is the instrument for measuring air velocity, it is widely used in meteorology, building, agricultural, electric power, steel, petrochemical industry
Etc. industries.What is be now most widely used is mechanical anemometer, i.e. wind-cup type anemobiagraph, it is rotated each second according to vane
Circle number carrys out calculation of wind speed size, and structure is simple, has perfect theoretical foundation and Measurement Algorithm, but because in continuous mode
The influence of frictional dissipation cannot be ignored, and frequently can lead to calculated result, there are biggish errors.Therefore there is various new wind
Fast instrument, such as hot-wire array instrument, Pitot tube anemobiagraph, ultrasonic wind velocity indicator, laser Doppler anemometer etc., wherein ultrasonic wave
Anemobiagraph is because small in size, and precision is high, and range is wide, blind area is small, simple process, the advantages that being readily produced, more and more obtains user
Favor.
And ultrasonic wind velocity indicator can be divided into according to its measurement method: time difference method ultrasonic wind velocity indicator, frequency-difference method ultrasonic wave
Anemobiagraph, Doppler method ultrasonic wind velocity indicator etc..Time difference method ultrasonic wind velocity indicator is to utilize the aerial spread speed of sound wave
The principle changed with wind speed, the difference as present on propagate with the contrary wind propagation time with the wind, calculates the flowing velocity of air；
Frequency-difference method ultrasonic wind velocity indicator is measured according to Karman vortex street theory, and the sound wave across air will form Karman vortex street, certain
Under the conditions of, vortex frequency is directly proportional to air velocity, measures air velocity by detecting the method for vortex frequency；Doppler method
Ultrasonic wind velocity indicator is to encounter barrier using ultrasonic wave this feature of Doppler shift can occur, super with receiving end by transmitting
Frequency of sound wave difference solves air velocity.Wherein time difference method ultrasonic wind velocity indicator principle is simple, is easily achieved, the scope of application
Extensively, in practice using most.
Existing time difference method ultrasonic wind velocity indicator often needs the storage and transmission that cooperate Acquisition Instrument to be just able to achieve data, due to two instrument
The difference of wire gauge between device, wiring work becomes sufficiently complex, if wiring error, then may cause shortage of data, passes
Phenomena such as defeated interruption.And anemobiagraph needs to be mounted on by bracket in the structures such as tall and slender structure, Loads of Long-span Bridges sometimes, to guarantee to be surveyed
The accuracy of data should be leveled to anemobiagraph and be referred to the calibrations such as north, since its installation fixing position sets height, high altitude operation
The factors such as dangerous, so that there are certain difficulties for the calibration of anemobiagraph.Therefore how to provide a kind of novel anemobiagraph and one
Kind is concisely and efficiently calibration method, is problem to be solved.
Summary of the invention
To solve the above problems, the invention discloses a kind of time difference method ultrasonic wind velocity indicator and calibration methods, by wind
Layout data processor in fast instrument makes it have the function of data acquisition, storage, processing and transmission.To the leveling of anemobiagraph and
The calibration essence for referring to north is the transformation of coordinate system, this calibration method is this characteristic of vector using wind speed, is sat by measurement
Eulerian angles between mark system and conventional coordinates, calculated spin matrix complete the coordinate transform between wind speed Two coordinate system, real
Now to the leveling of anemobiagraph and refer to northern calibration.
In order to achieve the above objectives, technical scheme is as follows:
A kind of time difference method ultrasonic wind velocity indicator and calibration method, including link block, U-tube, fixing pipe, ultrasonic transmission/reception pass
Sensor, connecting tube, support tube, electronics refer to northern device, data processor, angle sensor；The link block is cylindrical block, point
For upper link block and lower connecting block, arrangement symmetrical above and below, the quantity of the U-tube is 4, circumferentially disposed to be vertically connected with outside block
Side, U-tube both ends respectively be vertically connected with block and be connected, the quantity of the fixing pipe is 6, wherein 4 are fixed on U-tube
Inside middle portion, the upper top surface of remaining 2 bottom surfaces for being separately fixed at link block and lower connecting block, fixing pipe is symmetrically set two-by-two
It sets, and its line is mutually perpendicular to, every fixed tube end is equipped with 1 ultrasonic transmission/reception sensor, and totally 6,3 groups of formation is right two-by-two
The ultrasonic transmission/reception sensor of title is equidistant in every group, 6 supersonic sensings between 2 ultrasonic transmission/reception sensors
Having 3 in device is alignment sensor, is front sensor, right sensor and upper sensor respectively, the connecting tube top and lower company
Block connection is connect, lower part is connect with support tube, and the angle sensor, electronics refer to that northern device is arranged in support tube, for acquiring
Measure the Eulerian angles between coordinate system and conventional coordinates；The data processor includes storage system, data calibration system, leads to
Letter system, also is located in support tube；Above-mentioned stocking system is to store wind characteristic data, and the data calibration system is to calculate
The data of acquisition are transferred to the PC machine of survey crew by wind speed and calibration data, the communication system.
A kind of calibration method based on above-mentioned time difference method ultrasonic wind velocity indicator the following steps are included:
Step 1: setting up wind-velocity indicator support in position to be measured, ultrasonic wind velocity indicator is fixed on wind-velocity indicator support；
Step 2: powering to ultrasonic wind velocity indicator, measure ultrasonic wave between symmetrical 2 ultrasonic transmission/reception sensors
Propagation time Tx、Tx′、Ty、Ty′、Tz、Tz', angle sensor, electronics refer to that northern device acquires measurement coordinate system and standard coordinate respectively
It is Eulerian angles α, β, γ between 3 reference axis；
Step 3: storage system stores Tx、Tx′、Ty、Ty′、Tz、Tz', α, β, γ data；
Step 4: data processor calculates the wind speed V between the measurement lower 3 groups of ultrasonic transmission/reception sensors of coordinate systemx、Vy、Vz,
And form rate matrices V=[Vx Vy Vz]；
Step 5: data processor calculates spin matrix R according to Eulerian angles α, β, γx、Ry、Rz；
Step 6: data processor is according to spin matrix Rx、Ry、RzRate matrices V is calibrated, is obtained under conventional coordinates
Calibration speed matrix V '=[V 'x V′y V′z], and then obtain the three-dimensional wind speed V under conventional coordinatesx′、Vy′、Vz′；
Step 7: vector calculating being carried out to the three-dimensional wind speed under conventional coordinates, obtains vector wind speed
Further, ultrasonic wave direction is received as front direction using front sensor, it is the right side that right sensor, which receives ultrasonic wave direction,
Direction, it is upper direction that upper sensor, which receives ultrasonic wave direction,；Above-mentioned measurement coordinate system is that former, right, upper direction is respectively x-axis, y
The three-dimensional cartesian rectangular coordinate system that axis, z-axis positive direction are established, above-mentioned standard coordinate system are with due north, due east, vertically upward side
The three-dimensional cartesian rectangular coordinate system established to respectively x ' axis, y ' axis, z ' axis positive direction.
Further, above-mentioned Eulerian angles α, β, γ are respectively x-x ', y-y ', the rotation angle between z-z ', according to the right side
Hand rule, thumb are directed toward axis positive direction, and four refer to that direction of rotation is the positive direction of Eulerian angles.
The beneficial effects of the present invention are:
A kind of time difference method ultrasonic wind velocity indicator and calibration method of the present invention, by anemobiagraph at layout data
Device is managed, the function of data acquisition, storage, processing and transmission is made it have, while using the vector property of wind speed, being sat by acquisition two
The Eulerian angles of mark system coordinate between centers calculate spin matrix, and realize that wind speed turns from measurement coordinate system to conventional coordinates with this
Change.This calibration method is succinctly efficient, refers to northern calibration operation with leveling without carrying out wiring work to ultrasonic wind velocity indicator, in instrument
Device can be measured directly after being installed and store data, simplified the step of anemobiagraph is set up, improved the installation effectiveness of instrument,
Both anemobiagraph installation requirement height, calibration difficulties had been solved the problems, such as, has in turn ensured the authenticity and preciseness of institute's measured data.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is time difference method ultrasonic wind velocity indicator structural schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 2 is time difference method ultrasonic wind velocity indicator calibration method flow chart of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the measurement coordinate system and conventional coordinates schematic diagram of time difference method ultrasonic wind velocity indicator calibration method of the present invention.
Reference signs list:
1. link block, 2.U type pipe, 3. fixing pipes, 4. ultrasonic transmission/reception sensors, 5. front sensors, 6. right sensors, 7.
Upper sensor, 8. connecting tubes, 9. support tubes, 10. electronics refer to northern device, 11. data processors, 12. angle sensors.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description, the present invention is furture elucidated, it should be understood that following specific embodiments are only
For illustrating the present invention rather than limiting the scope of the invention.
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of time difference method ultrasonic wind velocity indicator described in the present embodiment, including it is link block 1, U-tube 2, solid
Determine pipe 3, ultrasonic transmission/reception sensor 4, connecting tube 8, support tube 9, electronics and refers to northern device 10, data processor 11, angle sensor
12；Link block 1 is cylindrical block, totally 2 pieces, is divided into link block and lower connecting block, arrangement symmetrical above and below, the circumferential cloth of U-tube 2
Set and be vertically connected with 1 surrounding of block, totally 4,2 both ends of U-tube be vertically connected with block 1 and be connected, fixing pipe 3 totally 6, wherein 4
Root is fixed on the middle part of U-tube 2, and remaining 2 are separately fixed at the bottom surface for being vertically connected with block 1 and upper top surface, two-by-two fixing pipe 3
Symmetrically, and its line is mutually perpendicular to, and every 3 end of fixing pipe is equipped with 1 ultrasonic transmission/reception sensor 4, totally 6, forms 3 group two
Two symmetrical ultrasonic transmission/reception sensors 3 are equidistant in every group between 2 symmetrical ultrasonic transmission/reception sensors 4, and 6 super
Having 3 in sound wave sending and receiving sensor 4 is alignment sensor, is front sensor 5, right sensor 6 and upper sensor 7, connection respectively
8 top of pipe is connect with lower connecting block 1, and lower part is connect with support tube 9, and angle sensor 12, electronics refer to that northern device 10 is arranged in branch
In stay tube 9, for acquiring the Eulerian angles between measurement coordinate system and conventional coordinates；Data processor 11 include storage system,
Data calibration system, communication system also are located in support tube 9；Stocking system is to store wind characteristic data, data calibration system
To calculation of wind speed and calibration data, the data of acquisition are transferred to the PC machine of survey crew by communication system.
A kind of calibration method based on above-mentioned time difference method ultrasonic wind velocity indicator, flow chart is as shown in Fig. 2, further include following
Step:
Step 1: wind-velocity indicator support is set up in position to be measured, ultrasonic wind velocity indicator is fixed on wind-velocity indicator support,
Without being leveled, being referred to the calibration operation in north, but also anemobiagraph deflection should not be made excessive；
Step 2: powering to ultrasonic wind velocity indicator, instrument automatic measurement ultrasonic wave is sensed in symmetrical 2 ultrasonic transmission/receptions
Propagation time T between device 4x、Tx′、Ty、Ty′、Tz、Tz', angle sensor 12, electronics refer to that northern device 10 acquires measurement coordinate respectively
It is Eulerian angles α, β, γ of x-axis, y-axis, z-axis and conventional coordinates x ' axis, y ' axis, z ' axis；
Step 3: storage system stores Tx、Tx′、Ty、Ty′、Tz、Tz', α, β, γ data；
Step 4: data processor 11 calculates the wind speed V between 3 groups of ultrasonic transmission/reception sensors 4x、Vy、Vz, and form speed
Spend matrix V=[Vx Vy Vz]；
When the distance between any two symmetric ultrasonics wave sending and receiving sensor 4 is l (m), measurement as shown in Figure 3 can be obtained and sit
Mark be lower x-axis, y-axis, z-axis to wind speed Vx、Vy、Vz:
In formula:
TxIt is passed for ultrasonic wave under measurement coordinate system from x-axis negative sense ultrasonic transmission/reception sensor to x-axis forward direction ultrasonic transmission/reception
The time (s) of sensor,
Tx' passed for ultrasonic wave under measurement coordinate system from x-axis forward direction ultrasonic transmission/reception sensor to x-axis negative sense ultrasonic transmission/reception
The time (s) of sensor,
TyIt is passed for ultrasonic wave under measurement coordinate system from y-axis negative sense ultrasonic transmission/reception sensor to y-axis forward direction ultrasonic transmission/reception
The time (s) of sensor,
Ty' passed for ultrasonic wave under measurement coordinate system from y-axis forward direction ultrasonic transmission/reception sensor to y-axis negative sense ultrasonic transmission/reception
The time (s) of sensor,
TzIt is passed for ultrasonic wave under measurement coordinate system from z-axis negative sense ultrasonic transmission/reception sensor to z-axis forward direction ultrasonic transmission/reception
The time (s) of sensor,
Tz' passed for ultrasonic wave under measurement coordinate system from z-axis forward direction ultrasonic transmission/reception sensor to z-axis negative sense ultrasonic transmission/reception
The time (s) of sensor；
The rate matrices V under measurement coordinate system can be obtained by formula (1), (2), (3):
V=[Vx Vy Vz] (4)
Step 5: data processor 9 calculates spin matrix R according to Eulerian angles α, β, γx、Ry、Rz；
Anemobiagraph is leveled and refers to that its essence of the calibration in north is exactly coordinate system transformation.Rate matrices V is sat from measurement
Mark system transform under conventional coordinates, obtain calibration speed matrix V ', that is, realize the calibration of anemobiagraph.Coordinate transform
Matrix in journey is called spin matrix, according to electronics refer to northern device 10, angle sensor 12 measured by Eulerian angles can calculate separately
Out around the spin matrix R of x-axisx:
Around the spin matrix R of y-axisy:
Around the spin matrix R of z-axisz:
In formula:
α is the rotation angle (°) from measurement coordinate system x-axis to conventional coordinates axis x ',
β is the rotation angle (°) from measurement coordinate system y-axis to conventional coordinates axis y ',
γ is the rotation angle (°) from measurement coordinate system z-axis to conventional coordinates axis z ',
According to the right-hand rule, thumb is directed toward axis positive direction, and four refer to that direction of rotation is the positive direction of above-mentioned rotation angle；
Step 6: data processor 11 is according to spin matrix Rx、Ry、RzRate matrices V is calibrated, calibration speed is obtained
Matrix V '=[V 'x V′y V′z], and then obtain the three-dimensional wind speed V under conventional coordinates as shown in Figure 3x′、Vy′、Vz′；
By formula (4), (5), (6), (7) carry out matrix multiple can be obtained calibration speed matrix V ':
Can be written as a result, wind speed under conventional coordinates along x ' axis, y ' axis, z ' axis wind speed Vx′、Vy′、Vz':
Vx'=Vxcosβcosγ+Vy(sinαsinβcosγ-cosαsinγ)+Vz(cosαsinβcosγ+sinαsin
γ) (9)
Vy'=Vxcosβcosγ+Vy(sinαsinβsinγ+cosαcosγ)+Vz(cosαsinβsinγ-sinαcos
γ) (10)
Vz'=- Vxsinβ+Vysinαcosβ+Vzcosαcosβ (11)
In formula:
Vx' under conventional coordinates along x-axis to wind speed (m/s),
Vy' under conventional coordinates along x-axis to wind speed (m/s),
Vz' under conventional coordinates along x-axis to wind speed (m/s)；
Step 7: vector calculating being carried out to the three-dimensional wind speed under conventional coordinates, obtains vector wind speed
The size of vector wind speed can be calculated by formula (9), (10), (11)
Ultrasonic wave direction is received as front direction using the front sensor 5, and it is the right side that the right sensor 6, which receives ultrasonic wave direction,
Direction, it is upper direction that the upper sensor 7, which receives ultrasonic wave direction,；As shown in figure 3, former, right, upper direction is respectively x-axis, y
The three-dimensional cartesian rectangular coordinate system that axis, z-axis positive direction are established is measurement coordinate system, with due north, due east, is vertically upward divided
Not Wei x ' axis, y ' axis, z ' axis positive direction establish three-dimensional cartesian rectangular coordinate system be conventional coordinates.
The technical means disclosed in the embodiments of the present invention is not limited only to technological means disclosed in above embodiment, further includes
Technical solution consisting of any combination of the above technical features.
Claims (4)
1. a kind of time difference method ultrasonic wind velocity indicator, it is characterised in that: including link block (1), U-tube (2), fixing pipe (3), ultrasound
Wave sending and receiving sensor (4), connecting tube (8), support tube (9), electronics refer to northern device (10), data processor (11), angle sensor
(12)；The link block (1) is cylindrical block, totally 2 pieces, is divided into link block and lower connecting block, arrangement symmetrical above and below is described
The quantity of U-tube (2) is 4, circumferentially disposed to be vertically connected on the outside of block (1), U-tube (2) both ends respectively be vertically connected with block
(1) it is connected, the quantity of the fixing pipe (3) is 6, wherein 4 are fixed on the inside middle portion of U-tube (2), it is 2 pieces points remaining
It is not fixed on the bottom surface of link block and the upper top surface of lower connecting block, fixing pipe (3) is symmetrical two-by-two, and line mutually hangs down therebetween
Directly, every fixing pipe (3) end is equipped with 1 ultrasonic transmission/reception sensor (4), totally 6, forms 3 groups of symmetrical ultrasonic waves two-by-two
Sending and receiving sensor (3) is equidistant in every group, 6 ultrasonic sensors (4) between 2 ultrasonic transmission/reception sensors (4)
In to have 3 be alignment sensor, be front sensor (5), right sensor (6) and upper sensor (7), the connecting tube (8) respectively
Top is connect with lower connecting block (1), and lower part is connect with support tube (9), and the angle sensor (12), electronics refer to that northern device (10) is equal
It is arranged in support tube (9), the data processor (11) includes storage system, data calibration system, communication system, also is located at
In support tube (9).
2. one kind is based on time difference method ultrasonic wind velocity indicator calibration method described in claim 1, it is characterised in that: including following step
It is rapid:
Step 1: setting up wind-velocity indicator support in position to be measured, ultrasonic wind velocity indicator is fixed on wind-velocity indicator support；
Step 2: powering to ultrasonic wind velocity indicator, measure biography of the ultrasonic wave between 2 ultrasonic transmission/reception sensors (4) of face
T between sowing timex、Tx′、Ty、Ty′、Tz、Tz', angle sensor (12), electronics refer to that northern device (10) acquires measurement coordinate system and mark respectively
Eulerian angles α, β, γ between 3 reference axis of conventional coordinates；
Step 3: storage system stores Tx、Tx′、Ty、Ty′、Tz、Tz', α, β, γ data；
Step 4: data processor (11) calculates the wind speed V between the measurement lower 3 groups of ultrasonic transmission/reception sensors (4) of coordinate systemx、Vy、
Vz, and form rate matrices V=[Vx Vy Vz]；
Step 5: data processor (11) calculates spin matrix R according to Eulerian angles α, β, γx、Ry、Rz；
Step 6: data processor (11) is according to spin matrix Rx、Ry、RzRate matrices V is calibrated, is obtained under conventional coordinates
Calibration speed matrix V '=[V 'x V′y V′z], and then obtain the three-dimensional wind speed V under conventional coordinatesx′、Vy′、Vz′；
Step 7: vector calculating being carried out to the three-dimensional wind speed under conventional coordinates, obtains vector wind speed
3. a kind of time difference method ultrasonic wind velocity indicator calibration method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: with front sensor
(5) receiving ultrasonic wave direction is front direction, and it is right direction that right sensor (6), which receives ultrasonic wave direction, and upper sensor (7) receives super
Sound wave direction is upper direction；The measurement coordinate system be before, right, upper direction be respectively that x-axis, y-axis, z-axis positive direction are established
Three-dimensional cartesian rectangular coordinate system；The conventional coordinates be with due north, due east, vertically upward be respectively x ' axis, y ' axis,
The three-dimensional cartesian rectangular coordinate system that z ' axis positive direction is established.
4. a kind of time difference method ultrasonic wind velocity indicator calibration method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the Eulerian angles
α, β, γ are respectively x-x ', y-y ', the rotation angle between z-z ', and according to the right-hand rule, it is square that thumb is directed toward axis
To four refer to that direction of rotation is the positive direction of the Eulerian angles.
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| CN112710621A (en) * | 2020-11-30 | 2021-04-27 | 孟祥玉 | Vortex motion correlator |
| CN115201513A (en) * | 2022-08-26 | 2022-10-18 | 东南大学 | Four-probe three-dimensional wind speed and direction sensor and wind speed measuring method |
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