CN103627825A - Method for carrying out softening treatment on leather - Google Patents
Method for carrying out softening treatment on leather Download PDFInfo
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- CN103627825A CN103627825A CN201310590559.XA CN201310590559A CN103627825A CN 103627825 A CN103627825 A CN 103627825A CN 201310590559 A CN201310590559 A CN 201310590559A CN 103627825 A CN103627825 A CN 103627825A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for carrying out softening treatment on leather. The method comprises the following step of: carrying out softening treatment on the leather by using liquor containing active bacteria, wherein the active bacteria contain nitrifying bacteria and/or substrate-modifying active bacteria. The main components of the nitrifying bacteria are nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria; the main components of the substrate-modifying active bacteria are denitrifying bacteria and desulfurizing bacteria. The active bacteria further comprise EM (Effective Microorganism) bacteria. The method disclosed by the invention can keep strength and length of collagen fibers in the leather, and can improve the ratio of the fibers reaching length suitable for spinning in the prepared collagen fibers, so that the treated leather is suitable for collagen fibers for producing and spinning, can expand types and scopes of application of leather products, and especially can expand types and scopes of application of products which can be produced while recycling leftover materials formed in a manufacturing process of the leather products.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of processing that leather is softened, be mainly used in producing the pre-treatment of the leather of collagen fabric, so that be suitable for producing the collagen fabric of weaving use through the softening leather of processing.
Background technology
In common leather production process, generally include softening step.At present, the softening processing of leather is mainly undertaken by proteolytic enzyme.But, while adopting proteolytic enzyme to soften processing to leather, that albumen and the amino acid of take in proteases for decomposing leather is basic, also can decompose collagen fabric itself wherein simultaneously, so, owing to having decomposed the Partial Protein in collagen fabric, thereby, make the intensity of collagen fabric and length can be subject to great destruction.Therefore, the leather of making after adopting proteolytic enzyme soften to process, when making collagen fabric, the length of the collagen fabric making is difficult to reach the standard of use of weaving, conventionally all for the production of products such as regenerated leathers, and be not suitable for the production of textiles.This has also limited kind and the scope of application of leather products greatly, and in production leather products process, during the recycling of the scrap stock of formation, the kind of the product that can produce is few, the scope of application is little.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the above-mentioned defect of prior art, main purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of method of processing that leather is softened, through the softening leather afterwards of processing of this kind of method, intensity and the length that can keep collagen fabric wherein, and can improve the accounting of the fibrous bundle that reaches the length that is suitable for weaving in the collagen fabric making, make the leather after processing be suitable for producing the collagen fabric of weaving use, can expand kind and the scope of application of leather products, especially can expand, formed scrap stock in leather products making processes, the kind of the product that can produce during recycling and the scope of application.
In order to achieve the above object, the main technical schemes that the present invention adopts is:
Leather is softened to a method of processing, it comprises the steps:
(s3), with the solution that contains active bacterium, leather is softened to processing.
Wherein, described leather comprises graywall.Can be the graywall tankage that produce in leather products making processes.Be preferably, ox graywall tankage, comprise buffalo, ox, yak.
Wherein, in step (s3), in described active bacterium, contain nitrobacteria and/or the end changes viable bacteria.
Wherein, the main component of described nitrobacteria is nitrifier and denitrifying bacteria, is mainly used in an ammonia nitrogen and is converted into salt containing ammonia and nitrogen organic, makes the interfibrillar substance organic decomposition of leather itself.
Wherein, the main component that the described end changes viable bacteria is denitrifying bacteria and desulfurizing bacteria, is mainly used in the organic substance decomposing on a leather fiber (comprising collagen fabric) surface, thereby is further converted to the basic effect of leather.
Wherein, in step (s3), described active bacterium also comprises EM bacterium, can regulate the pH value of hydrolyzed liquid, is mainly used in controlling nitrobacteria and the end to change the action direction of viable bacteria.
Be preferably; in above-mentioned any method; step (s3) also comprises step before: (s0), adopt the solution containing organophosphorus to carry out protective pre-treatment to leather; to utilize organophosphorus to carry out modification to leather fiber (being mainly to collagen fabric); and make to form protection on leather fiber (being mainly to collagen fabric) surface, make it compared to other organism in leather, be difficult for being decomposed by active bacterium.
Be preferably, in above-mentioned any method, step (s3) also comprises step before: (s1), with alkali, leather is processed, to impel the alkali swelling of leather own, be convenient to active bacterium and enter leather inside.
Be preferably, in above-mentioned any method, step (s3) also comprises step before: (s2), add neutral salt to process leather, to slow down alkali swelling vigor, the processing of active bacterium is formed to buffering.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
Method of the present invention is by adopting viable bacteria to soften leather, avoided the destruction of proteolytic enzyme to collagen fabric intensity and length in leather in the softening treating processes of prior art, intensity and the length that can effectively keep the collagen fabric in leather, leather after processing is when making collagen fabric, the length of the collagen fabric making can reach the standard of weaving use, can be in subsequent process for the production of textiles.Expand kind and the scope of application of leather products, particularly, expanded the scrap stock that form in leather products making processes when recycling, the kind of the product that can produce and the scope of application.And while adopting leather to prepare collagen fabric, technique is relatively simple, and be easier to control, and the fibrous bundle that in the collagen fabric making, length reaches textile standard can reach higher accounting, be applicable to suitability for industrialized production.Meanwhile, compared with prior art, can avoid in softening treating processes, to unsaturated amino acid whose destruction, making the collagen fabric making have good skin-friendly, sense of touch is comfortable.
Embodiment
The invention provides a kind of method of processing that leather is softened, it comprises the steps:
(s3), with the solution that contains active bacterium, leather is softened to processing.Be about to leather as the nutritive substance of cultivating active bacterium, utilize the nutrient consumption of active bacterium in culturing process to remove the specific organic substance in leather, to realize the softening processing to leather.
Wherein, in the described active bacterium in step (s3), contain nitrobacteria and/or the end changes viable bacteria.
In one embodiment of the invention, in the described active bacterium in step (s3), contain nitrobacteria, utilize nitrobacteria to realize to ammonia nitrogen in leather with containing the organism of ammonia nitrogen and be converted into salt, make the interfibrillar substance organic decomposition of leather itself.
In one embodiment of the invention, in the described active bacterium in step (s3), contain the end and change viable bacteria, utilize the end to change viable bacteria and realize the organic substance decomposing to leather fiber outside surface in leather.
In one embodiment of the invention, in described active bacterium in step (s3), contain nitrobacteria and the end changes viable bacteria, utilize the interfibrillar substance in nitrobacteria organic decomposition leather, and further utilize the end to change the organic substance that viable bacteria is decomposed leather fiber outside surface, realize the basic effect of leather.
Wherein, described nitrobacteria can be the nitrobacteria solution of cultivating through in advance;
And/or
It can be the end through cultivating in advance to change viable bacteria solution that the described end changes viable bacteria.
Wherein, the massfraction of described nitrobacteria solution can be 0.055% ± 0.005% of leather.
Wherein, to change the massfraction of viable bacteria solution can be 0.055% ± 0.005% of leather at the described end.
Wherein, the main component of described nitrobacteria can be nitrifier and denitrifying bacteria.
Wherein, to change the main component of viable bacteria can be denitrifying bacteria and desulfurizing bacteria at the described end.
Wherein, in step (s3), described active bacterium also comprises EM bacterium, utilize EM bacterium to regulate the pH value of hydrolyzed liquid, control the action direction that nitrobacteria and the end change bacterium, make the effect separately of two kinds of active bacterium more outstanding, and further embody the two synergy, in not affecting leather as far as possible, under the condition of collagen fabric inherent strength and length, do not realize the abundant of leather softened, be beneficial to the preparation of collagen fabric.
Wherein, the massfraction of described EM bacterium can be 0.055% ± 0.005% of leather.
Wherein, step (s3) is carried out under constant temperature, to realize better effect.Temperature range can be 25 ℃ to 35 ℃.
Wherein, in step (s3), pH value can be 9.8-10.0.
Wherein, in step (s3), liquor ratio can be 2.0 ± 1.0.
Wherein, in above-mentioned any method, step (s3) also comprises step before:
(s0), adopt the solution containing organophosphorus to carry out protective pre-treatment to leather.
Wherein, organophosphorus consumption can be 0.5 ± 0.3% of leather quality.
Wherein, step (s0) should be carried out in step (s3) for 1 hour before-5 hours, to utilize organophosphorus to carry out modification enough abundant and within reason to leather fiber (being mainly to collagen fabric), make to form on leather fiber (being mainly to collagen fabric) surface suitable protection when smooth and slightly puckery (be usually expressed as fiber or fibrous bundle surface integral best results), make collagen fabric be difficult for being decomposed by active bacterium compared to other organism in leather, to can realize fully softening leather under the condition of not damaging the original mechanical property of collagen fabric, be convenient to the preparation of collagen fabric.
Wherein, the liquor ratio in step (s0) can be 8.5-9.5 for 2.0 ± 1.0, pH value, and temperature can be 30 ± 5 ℃, and this operation can be carried out in rotary drum, and preferred treatment time and processing mode be for turning half an hour, then stops half an hour.
Wherein, in above-mentioned any method, step (s3) also comprises step before:
(s1), with alkali, leather is processed, so that leather expands, be convenient to active bacterium and enter leather inside, make softening treatment effect homogeneous everywhere.
Wherein, in step (s1), alkali concn can be 2 ± 0.3% massfractions.Temperature can be 35 ± 5 ℃.The water yield can be 200 ± 100% massfractions (being that liquor ratio is 2.0 ± 1.0).This operation can be carried out in rotary drum, and the preferably treatment time, for often turning 30min, stops 30min.
Wherein, in above-mentioned any method, step (s3) also comprises step before:
(s2), add neutral salt to process leather.
Wherein, in step (s2), salt concn can be 0.5 ± 0.3% massfraction.This operation can be carried out in rotary drum, and the preferably treatment time, for often turning 15min, stops 30min.
Wherein, step (s3) also comprises step afterwards: (s5), in system for handling, add neutral salt.In step (s5), salt concn can be 5 ± 0.3% massfractions.This operation can be carried out in rotary drum, and the preferably treatment time, for often turning 15min, stops 30min.
Wherein, step (s5) also comprises step afterwards: (s6), in system for handling, add neutral salt.In step (s6), salt concn can be 5 ± 0.3% massfractions.This operation can be carried out in rotary drum, and the preferably treatment time, for often turning 15min, stops 30min.
Wherein, step (s3) and (s5) between also comprise the washing that step (s4), a time are above;
And/or
Step (s6) also comprises step (s7), an above washing afterwards.
In the present invention, aforesaid method is mainly used in producing the pre-treatment of the leather of collagen fabric.
Also provide several specific embodiment of the present invention below, so that the invention will be further described (wherein, only described key step, do not given the step of description and can carry out with reference to prior art).
Embodiment 1, the grey cattle hide (ridge) of take are leather material, in drum, process, and key step is as shown in table 1-1.
Table 1-1
" T in table
1/ T
2" expression " first turns T
1minute, more standing T
2minute ", " (T
1/ T
2) * A " in A represent " first to turn T
1minute, more standing T
2minute ", and " repeating A time ".
After adopting the method pre-treatment in the present embodiment, in the collagen fabric making, fiber-spinnable accounts for 79%(quality), tensile strength is higher than silk and wool, and good hydrophilic property, can absorb water and reach 630%.
In the present embodiment, by a series of pre-treatments of leather material ash cattle hide process, make its state reach requirement (that is: the fibre density larger parts such as stern back of skin body, under certain hydraulic pressure, spilling water is even), and then soften processing, in softening treatment process, first adopt caustic soda to impel the alkali swelling of leather own, be beneficial to entering of active bacterium, add again neutral salt, slow down alkali swelling vigor, and the breeding of active bacterium is played to certain shock absorption, can avoid the explosive growth in the short period of time to make treatment effect be difficult to control, be conducive to reduce the control difficulty in producing, be suitable for industrial production, and can make active bacterium be evenly distributed in whole system, treatment effect is consistent, can avoid local outburst to cause final collagen fabric product performance heterogeneity, afterwards, recycle active bacterium softening, adopt pure natural to have raw bacterium, at 35 ℃ of temperature, by eating, to get leather (be mainly the interfibrillar substance in leather, hair root is, fragment, pigment, body of gland or their degraded product, arrector pilorum, calcium soap) constantly breeding.What in the present embodiment, adopt is to change viable bacteria in the end, EM bacterium, nitrobacteria isoreactivity bacterium, wherein, the main component of nitrobacteria is nitrifier and denitrifying bacteria, it can be converted into salt ammonia nitrogen with containing ammonia and nitrogen organic, make the interfibrillar substance organic decomposition of leather itself, EM bacterium directly adopts light coffee color powder, can regulate the pH value of hydrolyzed liquid, can control the action direction that nitrobacteria and the end change viable bacteria, the main component that the end changes viable bacteria is denitrifying bacteria and desulfurizing bacteria, can be the organic substance decomposing in leather fiber, thereby be further converted to the basic effect of leather.And, adopt the softening method of active bacterium, compared to proteolytic enzyme softening method of the prior art: because proteolytic enzyme is softening, be the albumen decomposing in leather be basic with amino acid, so by Partial Protein and unsaturated amino acid in decomposes collagen thiozell greatly, thereby can make the intensity of collagen fabric and length be subject to great destruction, because the form of the collagen fabric in leather and other organic substances (can referred to as organic impurity) has certain difference, and, this kind of form difference makes active bacterium have certain difference to its decomposition, and by corresponding method, further control the carrying out of this kind of difference in the present embodiment, make active bacterium when decomposing organic impurity, avoid the decomposition to collagen fabric as far as possible, intensity and the length that can effectively keep collagen fabric, in the fiber making, length is no more than 3% of gross weight below 1.0cm, more than 2.5cm account for 75%-80%, and can guarantee to there is good skin-friendly, feel comfortable.
Embodiment 2, the grey Corii Bubali (shoulder back) of take are leather material, and key step is substantially the same manner as Example 1, and different steps is only shown, referring to table 2-1.
Table 2-1
| Master operation | Material | Temperature/℃ | Massfraction % | Time/min |
| Softening | Water | 40 | 100 | ? |
| ? | Caustic soda | ? | 1.7 | 30/30 |
| ? | Neutral salt | ? | 0.6 | 15/30 |
| ? | Water | ? | 200 | pH8.5-9.5 |
| ? | Organophosphorus | ? | 0.8 | 30/30 |
| ? | The end, changes viable bacteria | 35 | 0.065 | ? |
| ? | EM viable bacteria | ? | 0.055 | ? |
| ? | Nitrobacteria | ? | 0.06 | 15/90 |
After adopting the method pre-treatment in the present embodiment, in the collagen fabric making, fiber-spinnable accounts for 80%(quality), tensile strength is higher than silk and wool, and good hydrophilic property, can absorb water and reach 615%.
In the present embodiment, soften previous hour of processing adopting active bacterium, first adopt the solution containing organophosphorus to carry out pre-treatment to leather, to utilize organophosphorus to carry out modification to leather fiber (being mainly to collagen fabric), and make to form protection on leather fiber (being mainly to collagen fabric) surface, make it compared to other organism (being mainly to organic impurity) in leather, be difficult for being decomposed by active bacterium, and can play certain shock absorption to the breeding of active bacterium, can avoid the explosive growth in the short period of time to make treatment effect be difficult to control, be conducive to reduce the control difficulty in producing, be suitable for industrial production, and can make active bacterium be evenly distributed in whole system, treatment effect is consistent, can avoid local outburst to cause final collagen fabric product performance heterogeneity.
Embodiment 3, the grey yak skin (ridge) of take are leather material, and key step is referring to table 3-1.
Table 3-1
After adopting the method pre-treatment in the present embodiment, in the collagen fabric making, fiber-spinnable accounts for 78%(quality), tensile strength is higher than silk and wool, and good hydrophilic property, can absorb water and reach 606%.
Embodiment 4, the grey Pongamia glabra (chest belly) of take are leather material, in drum, process, and key step is as shown in table 1-1.
Table 4-1
After adopting the method pre-treatment in the present embodiment, in the collagen fabric making, fiber-spinnable accounts for 75%(quality), tensile strength is higher than silk and wool, and good hydrophilic property, can absorb water and reach 627%.
Embodiment 5, the grey Corii Bubali (chest belly) of take are leather material, and key step is substantially the same manner as Example 1, and different steps is only shown, referring to table 5-1.
Table 5-1
| Master operation | Material | Temperature/℃ | Massfraction % | Time/min |
| Softening | Water | 35 | 100 | ? |
| ? | Caustic soda | ? | 2 | 30/30 |
| ? | Water | 40 | 100 | pH8.5-9.5 |
| ? | Organophosphorus | ? | 0.5 | 30/30 |
| ? | Neutral salt | ? | 0.4 | 15/30 |
| ? | The end, changes viable bacteria | ? | 0.06 | ? |
| ? | EM viable bacteria | ? | 0.065 | ? |
| ? | Nitrobacteria | ? | 0.065 | 15/90 |
After adopting the method pre-treatment in the present embodiment, in the collagen fabric making, fiber-spinnable accounts for 77%(quality), tensile strength is higher than silk and wool, and good hydrophilic property, can absorb water and reach 618%.
Embodiment 6, the grey yak skin (chest belly) of take are leather material, and key step is substantially the same manner as Example 1, and different steps is only shown, referring to table 6-1.
Table 6-1
| Master operation | Material | Temperature/℃ | Massfraction % | Time/min |
| Softening | Water | 30 | 100 | ? |
| ? | Caustic soda | ? | 2.3 | 30/30 |
| ? | Neutral salt | ? | 0.2 | 15/30 |
| ? | Water | 33 | 100 | pH8.5-9.5 |
| ? | Organophosphorus | ? | 0.5 | 30/30 |
| ? | The end, changes viable bacteria | ? | 0.055 | ? |
| ? | EM viable bacteria | ? | 0.05 | ? |
| ? | Nitrobacteria | ? | 0.065 | 15/90 |
After adopting the method pre-treatment in the present embodiment, in the collagen fabric making, fiber-spinnable accounts for 79%(quality), tensile strength is higher than silk and wool, and good hydrophilic property, can absorb water and reach 600%.
Conventionally, preparatory stage in prior art before leather tanning, often in system for handling, add sterilant, to guarantee final tanning effect, and method of the present invention is by adopting active bacterium to soften leather, be and the distinct method of prior art, and, avoided the destruction of proteolytic enzyme to collagen fabric intensity and length in leather in the softening treating processes of prior art, intensity and the length that can effectively keep the collagen fabric in leather, leather after processing is when making collagen fabric, the length of the collagen fabric making can reach the standard of weaving use, can be in subsequent process for the production of textiles.Expand kind and the scope of application of leather products, particularly, expanded the scrap stock that form in leather products making processes when recycling, the kind of the product that can produce and the scope of application.And while adopting leather to prepare collagen fabric, technique is relatively simple, and be easier to control, and the fibrous bundle that in the collagen fabric making, length reaches textile standard can reach higher accounting, be applicable to suitability for industrialized production.
Claims (18)
1. leather is softened to a method of processing, it is characterized in that, comprise the steps:
(s3), with the solution that contains active bacterium, leather is softened to processing.
2. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that: in step (s3), contain nitrobacteria and/or the end changes viable bacteria in described active bacterium.
3. method as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that:
Described nitrobacteria is the nitrobacteria solution of cultivating through in advance;
And/or
It is the end through cultivating in advance to change viable bacteria solution that the described end changes viable bacteria.
4. method as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: the massfraction of described nitrobacteria solution is leather 0.055 ± 0.005%.
5. method as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: it is leather 0.055 ± 0.005% that the described end changes the massfraction of viable bacteria solution.
6. method as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that:
The main component of described nitrobacteria is nitrifier and denitrifying bacteria;
The main component that the described end changes viable bacteria is denitrifying bacteria and desulfurizing bacteria.
7. method as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that: in step (s3), described active bacterium also comprises EM bacterium.
8. method as claimed in claim 7, is characterized in that: the massfraction of described EM bacterium is leather 0.055 ± 0.005%.
9. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that: step (s3) is carried out under constant temperature, and temperature range is 30 ± 5 ℃.
10. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that: in step (s3), pH value is 9.8-10.0.
11. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that: in step (s3), liquor ratio is 2.0 ± 1.0.
12. methods as described in any one in claim 1 to 11, is characterized in that: step (s3) also comprises before step (s0), adopts the solution containing organophosphorus to carry out pre-treatment to leather.
13. methods as claimed in claim 12, is characterized in that: organophosphorus consumption is leather quality 0.5 ± 0.3%.
14. methods as claimed in claim 12, is characterized in that: the timed interval between step (s0) and step (s3) is 1 hour-5 hours.
15. methods as claimed in claim 12, is characterized in that: the liquor ratio in step (s0) is 2.0 ± 1.0.
16. methods as claimed in claim 12, is characterized in that: the pH value in step (s0) is 8.5-9.5.
17. methods as claimed in claim 12, is characterized in that: the temperature in step (s0) is 30 ± 5 ℃.
18. the method for claim 1, is characterized in that: be mainly used in producing the pre-treatment of the leather of collagen fabric.
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| CN201310590559.XA CN103627825A (en) | 2013-11-20 | 2013-11-20 | Method for carrying out softening treatment on leather |
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Citations (6)
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| CN1361278A (en) * | 2000-12-29 | 2002-07-31 | 四川大学 | Detersile proteinase and its production process and usage and microbe producing the said proteinase |
| CN1779002A (en) * | 2004-11-20 | 2006-05-31 | 张立文 | Reducing leather base cloth with collagenous fiber |
| CN101235559A (en) * | 2008-02-29 | 2008-08-06 | 尹金良 | Method for producing leather fibre cotton and leather flocking machine |
| DE112007001827T5 (en) * | 2007-01-31 | 2009-05-20 | Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research | Improved procedure for hair removal and fiber removal of coat / skin |
| CN101760569A (en) * | 2008-12-25 | 2010-06-30 | 峰安皮业股份有限公司 | Leather making bio-pretreatment method |
| CN102994657A (en) * | 2012-12-24 | 2013-03-27 | 焦作隆丰皮草企业有限公司 | Method for treating slunk |
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2013
- 2013-11-20 CN CN201310590559.XA patent/CN103627825A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1361278A (en) * | 2000-12-29 | 2002-07-31 | 四川大学 | Detersile proteinase and its production process and usage and microbe producing the said proteinase |
| CN1779002A (en) * | 2004-11-20 | 2006-05-31 | 张立文 | Reducing leather base cloth with collagenous fiber |
| DE112007001827T5 (en) * | 2007-01-31 | 2009-05-20 | Council Of Scientific And Industrial Research | Improved procedure for hair removal and fiber removal of coat / skin |
| CN101235559A (en) * | 2008-02-29 | 2008-08-06 | 尹金良 | Method for producing leather fibre cotton and leather flocking machine |
| CN101760569A (en) * | 2008-12-25 | 2010-06-30 | 峰安皮业股份有限公司 | Leather making bio-pretreatment method |
| CN102994657A (en) * | 2012-12-24 | 2013-03-27 | 焦作隆丰皮草企业有限公司 | Method for treating slunk |
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Application publication date: 20140312 |