KR100861457B1 - Bast fiber and a method thereof by using microbiology - Google Patents

Abstract

A bast fiber by using microbiology and a method thereof are provided to improve productivity and material property by using optimized processes and by preserving the cellulose structure, and to raise the cost competitiveness and the environment-friendliness. Impurities including a pectin and a lignin existing inside a hemp class plants are removed at the refining process. A refining solution including Paenibacillus Taejonensis IH-9 (Deposit Number: Korean Collection for Type Cultures 11223 BP) as a microbe is prepared. The hemp class plants are digested in the refining solution by controlling the ratio of the hemp class plants and the refining solution to be 1:5 or 1:60 weight%. The refining solution is stirred for 30 minutes or 5 hours with maintaining the solution temperature between 20°C and 100°C. The hemp class plants are digested for 60 minutes or 4 days in the impurity removal treatment solution composed of natural sea water having room temperature or the boiling temperature at the pre-treatment process of the refining process. A pectinase 0.01 or 5 weight% is added as the enzyme to the refining solution 100 weight% for decomposing sugars.

Description

Bast fiber using a microorganism and its manufacturing method {Bast fiber and a method according by using microbiology}

The present invention is a stem or hemp present in plants such as hemp, mulberry, mulberry, etc. as a raw material of hemp crops, seaweeds and pulp, such as hemp, flax, jute, jute, lafoma, blue, red, gum, manila, sisal, and New Zealand Bast fiber manufactured from cellulose fibers through a pretreatment process including a step of immersing leaves and the like in an alkaline liquid containing seawater, a refining process including a decomposition process using microorganisms, and a post-treatment process such as a washing process. And to a method for producing the same.

In the present invention, the term "marium crop" means a plant including hemp, flax, jute, jute, lafoma, blue horse, red horse, and gum.

Bast fiber refers to the fiber contained in the outer tissue of the stem-forming layer of the plant, consisting of phloem fiber, cortical fiber, etc., mainly hemp, flax, jute, lafoma, yam, red horse, gumma, manila ginseng, liver It is a kind of vegetable fiber manufactured in fibrous form after removing the components such as pectin and lignin from the stem and leaves of algae crops such as Salsa and New Zealand ginseng through a refining process. The traditional method of using bast fibers is to make yarn and burlap from bast fibers made from hemp and flax, and paper from mulberry or cedar.

In order to manufacture bast fibers, it is necessary to decompose and remove components such as pectin and lignin in the film interlaced with the cortex and the fiber.In the case of traditional crops, steaming or steaming them and then stripping them, such as caustic soda (NaOH) It had to go through a refining process using strong alkali chemicals. However, this method of refining using strong alkaline chemicals has not only resulted in unsafe removal of pectin and lignin, but also affects the physical properties of bast fiber and has also caused pollution problems due to the discharge of industrial wastewater.

In order to overcome such problems, researches to replace the refining process using a chemical method with aerobic, anaerobic bacteria or microorganisms have been continuously conducted. Korean Patent Publication No. 1991-0004453 describes a method for refining bast fibers using aerobic bacteria and anaerobic bacteria in order to sufficiently remove pectin as an impurity without damaging cellulose. In the registered patent, after the injection of each strain into the refining solution using the bacterium as an anaerobic bacterium, the bacterium as aerobic bacteria, the raw material of the fiber is immersed in the refining solution and the pH value is adjusted to decompose the pectin The main contents of the. Korean Patent Publication No. 1986-001524 claims a method for refining bast fiber using pure culture of aerobic bacteria. The registered patent is also introduced into the bast of hemp and heated to heat and adjust the pH value to achieve the decomposition of pectin. Korean Patent Publication No. 10-0317476 is changing the treatment temperature and pH value in order to improve the complexity and productivity of the process pointed out in the registered patents, but uses the same anaerobic bacterial liquid.

Patents related to refining methods using microorganisms have been filed in another attempt to overcome the problems encountered in refining processes using aerobic and anaerobic bacterial fluids (eg, fiber damage, low yield). Korean Patent Publication No. 1993-7002906 discloses a method for hydrolyzing vegetable proteins using Bacillus protease, specifically Bacillus rickenformis protease, and Korean Patent Publication No. 017211 discloses Bacillus maserans (Bacillus). macerans) claim for preparing hemp bast fibers using KH91 (Accession No .: KCTC 8734P). An example of using Bacillus licheniformis in addition to the refining solution for the preparation of bast fibers is described in Korean Patent Publication No. 10-0341681, and another example is Korean Patent Publication No. 10-0704726 Shows an invention using Enterbacter gergoviae HL 2006 (International Accession No. KCTC 10943BP).

Recently, the invention of refining hemp bast fibers by immersing hemp bast fibers in a symbiotic microbial culture consisting of white-rot fungus, blue-green algae, Micrococcus roseus, etc. Korean Patent Publication No. 10-0786717 No.

Prior art related to the present invention, as described above, in order to produce bast fibers from hemp crops, such as hemp, jute, low yield, pollution caused by the traditional chemical refining process using a chemical such as caustic soda (NaOH) In order to solve problems such as material discharge, the invention is to prepare a refining liquid using aerobic and basic bacteria or various kinds of microorganisms.

However, despite these many attempts, there are problems to be solved, such as reducing the production cost of bast fiber, improving the quality, and reducing the manufacturing time. Therefore, the present invention provides an optimized method for pretreatment, refining and post-treatment of raw hides, which not only improves the productivity of bast fibers, but also shows excellent physical properties by perfect preservation of the cellulose structure in the fibers, and shortens the overall process time. By presenting an eco-friendly manufacturing method and to provide an excellent bast fiber manufactured therefrom.

Unlike the conventional refining method, the new bast fiber manufacturing method uses seawater as a sediment in the pretreatment process to reduce environmental pollution and manufacturing cost, and in the refining process to maximize the decomposition efficiency and minimize the destruction of cellulose structure. A refining solution is prepared using Penibacillus Taejonensis IH-9 (Accession Number: KCTC 11223 BP), which has not been used as a microorganism that can be used as a microorganism that can be used. It is intended to provide a method and a bast fiber produced by the method.

The present invention improves the bast fiber productivity, which has not been achieved in the present invention for the preparation of refining liquid using aerobic and basic bacteria or various kinds of microorganisms, improvement of fiber properties through preservation of cellulose structure, shortening of process time, It provides superior bast fiber by reducing production cost and providing eco-friendly manufacturing method.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention specifically divides the manufacturing method for manufacturing bast fibers into three steps (pre-treatment, refining, post-treatment) by a general classification method. This classification is only a classification adopted to easily explain the present invention, this classification can be easily changed by the classification method, the manufacturing method of bast fiber to be proposed in the present invention is limited to only three-step process no.

Natural seawater was used instead of alkaline chemicals for the pretreatment process. There is no prior literature that specifically describes the existing pretreatment process, but the conventional method for preparing bast fibers is to remove the raw fiber or to precipitate it in a solution containing alkaline chemicals before the start of the refining process in a natural state. Used. However, the present invention prevents the generation of industrial wastewater due to the use of chemicals, and at the same time obtains the effect of reducing manufacturing costs and attains the effects to be achieved in the pretreatment process such as discoloration of pigments and softening of tissues. This can be accomplished in an environmental way.

The method of using natural seawater is a process very similar to the softening of tissues of vegetables deposited in a salt-containing solution at room temperature in the process of kimchi soaking in food chemical process. pH 7.5 to 9.0) by precipitating the raw material to be processed in the seawater for a certain time, the original color of the raw material is discolored and can be easily used in the dyeing process, softening the tissue of the raw material to increase the efficiency in the refining process It is possible to prevent damage to the raw skin tissue that may occur in the refining process. This effect is caused by the removal of impurities in the hides due to the various minerals and weak alkalis contained in natural seawater. In order to further shorten the time of the pretreatment process, the seawater where raw hides are deposited can be heated. It is effective to use seawater at room temperature or to a point at 70 ° C or higher, preferably to a point at 90 ° C or higher. The breaking point of seawater varies depending on its density, but is maintained in the range of approximately 95 to 110 ° C. The precipitation time varies from 60 minutes to 4 days depending on the type and condition of the hides, the ratio with the seawater, the pH value of the seawater, and the heat treatment temperature of the seawater. Preferred settling times range from 2 hours to 2 days in sea water at break points.

In the pretreatment step, it is also possible to use ordinary water (for example, distilled water, running water, industrial water, etc.) as a solvent instead of seawater. In raw hides, such as horse crops, water-soluble components are contained. In particular, the higher the water temperature, the closer the break point increases the amount of water-soluble components decomposed.

It is also possible to add a sterilization sterilization process to maximize the activity of the microorganisms before the refining process after the pretreatment process. The sterilization process is carried out by maintaining the raw materials which have been subjected to the pretreatment process in a state of high temperature and high pressure for a certain time. For example, after storing the raw fibers subjected to the pretreatment process in a container of high temperature and high pressure, for about 10 to 180 minutes in a state of about 80 to 300 ℃, 1 to 3 bar, preferably about 100 to 130 ℃, 1.3 Treatment for 15 to 30 minutes in the state of to 1.7 bar completes the effective sterilization of the raw fiber.

As microorganisms to be used in the refining process, Penibacillus taejonensis IH-9 (Accession No .: KCTC 11223BP) is used. In order to compare the degradation efficiency of the microorganisms with other microorganisms used in the prior art related to the present invention, the performance of each microorganism was analyzed through various experiments. One of various analytical methods is to prepare the hemp used as the raw material of bast fiber, prepare a certain weight, precipitate it in a refining solution containing microorganisms grown under the same conditions, store for a certain time, and calculate the relative fraction of pectin and lignin decomposed from the raw material. That's how. As a result of analysis, it was possible to confirm the excellent degradation performance of the penivacillus tazonensis used in the present invention compared to other microorganisms.

In Table 1, each of the analyzed microorganisms was transferred to an LB slope medium and stored at 4 ° C., and then, the hemp used as a raw material was cut to a size of 5 cm, placed on the LB slope medium containing microorganisms, and maintained at room temperature for 3 days. Pectin and lignin components of olfactory specimens were analyzed. The refining liquid used for the LB slope medium is irrelevant to any known conditions commonly used in the field of microbial growth, and Table 1 shows hemp and distilled water of a certain weight to prepare a refining liquid used for the LB slope medium. Was adjusted to a weight ratio of 1: 5 to 1: 60 in an auto clave environment and then mixed with 5 g / L yeast, 10 g / L NaCl and 10 g / L tryptone. Each microorganism was injected into the refining solution prepared as described above within the range of 10 to 10,000,000 ppm, and its degradation capacity was measured. In Table 1, the weight ratio of hemp and distilled water was adjusted to 1:10, and the case of 100,000 ppm of microorganisms was added.

Relative Degradation of Pectin and Lignin from Hemp of Various Microorganisms Microorganism types Relative residual amount of pectin (% by weight) Relative residual amount of lignin (% by weight) Bacillus rickeniformis 50.2 60.2 Bacillus maserans 56.2 58.4 Enterobacter Jergovia H. 2006 46.3 64.8 Penivacillus tazonensis 23.5 32.5

In Table 1, the relative residual amounts of pectin and lignin are defined as 100 wt% of the pectin and lignin present in the hemp sample before being treated by the microorganism, respectively, and the pectin and the pectin present in the sample after being treated by each microorganism. The content of lignin is shown as a relative value relative to 100% by weight. As can be seen from Table 1, the penivacillus tazonensis used in the present invention shows the ability of decomposition of pectin and lignin better than the various microorganisms used in the prior art related to the present invention. The growth of Penivacillus tazonensis for use in the refining process proceeded in the same manner as the conventionally known process.

In the present invention, the material to be removed in the refining process includes pectin and lignin present in the interior of the plant as main components, and includes other components except cellulose and hemicellulose, which are the main components of the plant cell wall. Nominal substances are based on pectin and lignin among the substances present inside the plant, and refer to the remaining substances except cellulose and hemicellulose.

The raw material which has undergone the pretreatment process and / or sterilization process is dried by removing moisture by direct sunlight or in a drier and then precipitated in the refining treatment liquid. As described above, the refining treatment liquid contains penibacilli tazonensis, and the precipitated raw material and the refining treatment liquid are impregnated with a weight ratio of 1:10 to 1:60 under aeration stirring at a temperature of 20 to 100 ° C. Treatment is for 30 minutes to 24 hours. More preferably, the treatment temperature can be adjusted to 40 to 70 ° C, and the refining time can be 2 to 5 hours.

Glycolytic enzymes may be added to the refining treatment for a more effective refining process. Glycolytic enzymes can also be used to complete more efficient refining processes by reducing the biological process time for degrading pectin or lignin, which protects the cell walls of plants such as algae crops. Glycolytic enzymes usable in the present invention can be freely used components well known in the art, for example, amylase, pectinase, ligninase and the like, and more Lipase may be used as a lipolytic enzyme for the preparation of highly purified bast fibers, and silanase and glucanase, which break down very difficult to break down fibrous tissues such as xylan and glucan, the main components of hemicellulose glucanase) and the like may be used.

In the present invention, pectinase is used as the glycolysis enzyme, and is treated by adding at a concentration of 0.01 to 5% by weight based on 100% by weight of the total refining solution.

Raw material fiber after the refining process is subjected to a post-treatment process. In the post-treatment process, the raw materials after the refining process are immersed in hot water immediately after the refining process and maintained for a predetermined time. At this time, if necessary, a circulating high pressure washing process may be imposed using a washing liquid to which a nonionic surfactant is added. The nonionic surfactant may be used in any of those commonly used in the art, and examples thereof include poly (oxyethylene) tridecyl ether, poly (oxyethylene) lauryl ether, and poly (oxyethylene) stearyl ether. The raw material that has passed through the above process is subjected to a drying process that is maintained at 80 ° C. or higher for 30 minutes.

In order to increase the mechanical strength such as tensile and rupture strength of the prepared bast fiber, a mechanical pulsation process may be added before or after the washing process according to the type of raw material and the refining process. The other island process is carried out in order to restore the original strength by combining and fixing the raw material fibers in the form of the structure again and again during the refining process, using a conventional mechanical method for about 10 to 20 minutes tapping It means processing method.

(Example 1)

For the pretreatment process, about 5 g of hemp was precipitated in seawater and then heated to room temperature or breaking point and maintained for 60 minutes to 4 days depending on the temperature. 1 shows a comparison of hemp skin after the pretreatment process and the hemp skin without the pretreatment process using seawater. In this case, the pretreated raw hides have been heated for 6 hours after being settled in the seawater and breaking up. Alkali and various minerals in seawater have been shown to decompose relatively much of the pectin and ligrin in hemp skin.

The raw hides after the pretreatment were maintained for 20 minutes in a high temperature, high pressure vessel maintained at 121 ° C., 1.5 bar for sterilization.

After the pretreatment and sterilization process, the hemp raw hides were precipitated in the refining treatment solution containing Penibacillus tazonensis IH-9 for refining process, and then agitated for 3 hours at 60 ° C. At this time, the ratio of the settled hemp raw material and the refining treatment liquid was adjusted to 1:40 (wt%). The refining treatment liquid refers to a solution obtained by adding Penibacillus tazonensis IH-9 to water at a concentration of 10 to 10,000,000 ppm.

The refining effect of Penibacillus tazonensis IH-9 used as a microorganism is shown in Figs. 2a and 2b, respectively. Figure 2a shows the hemp skin before undergoing the refining process, Figure 2b is hemp raw skin treated under the conditions given above in the refining treatment liquid containing Penibacillus tazonensis IH-9. As can be seen in Figures 2a and 2b, the degradation effect of the pectin and lignin of the penibacilli talsonensis IH-9 in the refining process is significant, the specific decomposition performance of the pectin and lignin is shown in Table 1.

In order to examine in more detail the refining effect of Penivacillus tazonensis IH-9, the samples shown in Figs. 2a and 2b were observed under an optical microscope. FIG. 3A is a photograph taken by an optical microscope at a magnification of 400 times and the sample shown in FIG. 2A is taken. FIG. 3B is a photograph taken by an optical microscope at 400 times. As can be seen in Figure 3a, the hemp skin before refining is clearly preserved in the appearance of the fiber consisting of pectin, lignin, etc., in Fig. 3b, the fiber structure itself is decomposed to a considerable extent and difficult to distinguish the appearance.

The refined hemp raw material was finally subjected to a post-treatment process soaked in hot water. For the post-treatment process, the raw hides are placed in a container maintained at 100 ° C., steamed for 30 minutes, and then the preparation of hemp bast fibers is completed.

(Example 2)

Some of the hemp raw hides subjected to the refining process in Example 1 were treated in another refining solution. At this time, pectinase was added to the refining liquid as a glycolysis enzyme. The concentration of the added glycolysis enzyme was added at 0.01 to 5% by weight when the refining solution was set at 100% by weight. The conditions of the other refinement | purification process are the same as that of Example 1.

4a shows a photograph of hemp skin using a refining solution to which pectinase was added as a glycolysis enzyme. Compared with Figures 2a and 2b, it can be seen that the addition of glycolytic enzymes shows an excellent decomposition performance. 4B shows a 400 times magnification of the hemp fibrous fiber of FIG. 4A under an optical microscope. Also compared with FIGS. 3A and 3B, it can be seen that when the glycolytic enzyme is used, it shows excellent resolution.

In the above, the present invention has been described with reference to the above embodiment, but various modifications can be made within the technical scope of the present invention.

The present invention can contribute to the production of natural fibers by providing an efficient increase in the production of bast fibers, a kind of natural fiber, and production cost reduction and environment-friendly manufacturing method and bast fibers produced therefrom.

Figure 1 is a photograph comparing the hemp hides that have undergone pretreatment using sea water and hemp hides that do not use sea water.

Figure 2a is a photograph showing the hemp skin after the refining process in the refining treatment solution containing no microorganisms.

Figure 2b is a photograph showing the hemp skin after the refining process in the refining treatment liquid containing penibacillus tazonensis.

FIG. 3A is an enlarged photograph of the hemp skin of FIG. 2A under an optical microscope.

FIG. 3B is an enlarged photograph of the hemp skin of FIG. 3B under an optical microscope.

Figure 4a is a photograph showing the hemp skin after the refining process by adding the pectinase to the refining treatment solution containing penibacillus tazonensis.

4B is an enlarged photograph of the hemp skin of FIG. 4A under an optical microscope.

Claims (12)

In the method of manufacturing the bast fiber through a refining process for removing impurities including pectin and lignin present in the inside of the crop crops, Preparing a refining liquid containing Penibacillus Taejonensis IH-9 (Accession No .: KCTC 11223 BP) as a microorganism; Adjusting the mash crop and the refining solution in a ratio of 1: 5 to 1:60 by weight to immerse the mash crop in the refining solution; And Method of producing a bast fiber comprising a step of stirring for 30 minutes to 5 hours while maintaining the temperature of the refining liquid in the range of 20 to 100 ℃. The method of claim 1, As a pretreatment step performed before the refining step, A method for producing bast fibers comprising a step of dipping for 60 minutes to 4 days in a state in which the said crop is heated to a point at which it breaks down in the impurity removal process liquid which consists of natural seawater. The method of claim 2, The method of producing bast fibers characterized in that the refining process comprising a sterilization process for maintaining the pre-treatment process for the last crop for 10 to 180 minutes at a pressure of 1 to 3 bar and a state of 80 to 300 ℃ before the refining process. The method of claim 1, Method for producing a bast fiber comprising the step of pumping the pectinase to 0.01 to 5% by weight with respect to 100% by weight of the refining solution as a glycolysis enzyme. The method of claim 3, wherein Method for producing a bast fiber comprising the step of pumping the pectinase to 0.01 to 5% by weight with respect to 100% by weight of the refining solution as a glycolysis enzyme. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, As a post-treatment step formed after the refining step, A method for producing bast fibers comprising a post-treatment step of immersing the curvature-treated machinary crop in hot water of 80 ° C. or higher containing a nonionic surfactant for 30 minutes. In the method of manufacturing the bast fiber through a refining process for removing impurities including pectin and lignin present in the inside of the crop crops, Preparing a refining liquid containing Penibacillus Taejonensis IH-9 (Accession No .: KCTC 11223 BP) as a microorganism; Adjusting the mash crop and the refining solution in a ratio of 1: 5 to 1:60 by weight to immerse the mash crop in the refining solution; And Bast fiber manufactured by a refining process comprising the step of stirring for 30 minutes to 5 hours while maintaining the temperature of the refining liquid in the range of 20 to 100 ℃. The method of claim 7, wherein As a pretreatment step performed before the refining step, A bast fiber prepared by a refining process comprising a step of dipping for 60 minutes to 4 days in a state in which the stream is heated to a point at which it breaks in the impurity removal treatment liquid consisting of natural seawater. The method of claim 8, A bast fiber prepared by a refining process comprising a sterilization process for maintaining the pre-treatment of the current crops for 10 to 180 minutes at a pressure of 1 to 3 bar and a state of 80 to 300 ℃ before the refining process. The method of claim 7, wherein A bast fiber prepared by a refining process comprising the step of pumping pectinase to 0.01 to 5% by weight with respect to 100% by weight of the refining solution. The method of claim 9, A bast fiber prepared by a refining process comprising the step of pumping pectinase to 0.01 to 5% by weight with respect to 100% by weight of the refining solution. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 11, As a post-treatment step formed after the refining step, A bast fiber prepared by a refining process comprising a post-treatment step of immersing the curvature of the curvature crops in hot water of 80 ° C. or more including a nonionic surfactant and maintaining the same for 30 minutes.

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