Background technology
Strengthening white clouds pottery is also known as heavy white clouds pottery, and it is the new porcelain kind of ceramic of lightweight white clouds pottery upgrade version.The nineties initial stage in last century, Taiwan pottery manufacturer enters investment in mainland in west and sets up factories, introduce the new porcelain kind of low temperature light ceramics originated in from Japan---lightweight white clouds are made pottery, owing to introducing the calcium magnesium carbonatite raw mineral materials prescriptions such as rhombspar, calcite, wagnerite in this ceramic paste preforms, impart the feature of this porcelain kind lightweight and low fever's temperature (1060 DEG C), lower shrinkage (shrinking percentage 4-6%), make the very fast fashionable American-European display china market of this porcelain kind.Become the main product of China's ceramics outlet.Along with the gradually maturation in lightweight white clouds pottery market, and ceramics moves towards practical trend.The defect of the high water suction of this porcelain kind, low density, low strength, cracky also progressively comes out, and its range of application is also therefore subject to great restriction.Just in this context, a kind of new ceramics new variety complying with the practical and practical pottery technology trend of ceramics---strengthening white clouds pottery (also known as heavy white clouds soil) arises at the historic moment.Strengthening white clouds pottery had both remained the process advantage of lightweight white clouds pottery low fever's temperature (1080-1120 DEG C), lower shrinkage (shrinking percentage 6-7%), improved again lightweight white clouds pottery low density, low intensive inferior position to a certain extent.Thus strengthening white clouds makes pottery once appearance, and the widespread use just obtained in practical artwork, to have greatly the trend replacing lightweight white clouds pottery.
Glaze fit refers to the glaze liquation that melting behaviour is good, cooling after and base substrate be closely integrated into perfect entirety, do not ftracture yet tack-free ability.Because base and glaze are closely connected, so when the coefficient of expansion of glaze layer is lower than base substrate, glaze layer shrinks little than base substrate, its must to be subject to when base substrate shrinks put on its compressive action, make it to retain permanent stress in the glaze layer solidified.Otherwise when the coefficient of expansion of glaze is greater than base, then glaze layer is subject to the extension of base substrate, just retains permanent tension stress in glaze layer.There is the glaze of stress under compression, be commonly referred to compression glaze, also known as positive glaze.Correspond, the glaze with tension stress is called negative glaze.In glaze layer, maintain suitable stress, be the perfect condition of base glaze stress coupling.It is complicated for affecting the adaptive factor of ceramic blank glaze, wherein whether the thermal expansivity of base glaze mates, whether body-glaze intermediate layer physically well develops, whether glaze layer has lower Young's modulus and higher tensile strength etc., is all the important factor affecting glaze fit.Although here also it is noted that strengthening white clouds pottery increases than lightweight white clouds pottery in structural strength, still belong to the ceramic product of easy fired after all.The degree of sintering of its goods be still difficult to total ceramic goods shoulder to shoulder.Because being just the high-hydroscopicity characteristic of strengthening white clouds greenwave body, the glaze fit of its goods, except affecting by preceding factors, is also subject to the serious restriction of goods wet swelling rate size.
Impact strengthening white clouds greenwave glaze adaptive all technical factors, except batching of body and glaze, also with the firing temperature height correlation of porcelain base.In reality is produced, although people's strain after on batching of body and glaze is scientific and reasonable, the fluctuation of klining temperature, the kiln megadyne temperature difference operating mode in reality is but the normality of production process.Its direct consequence be disturb the technique such as product glaze fit and base substrate water-intake rate, quality index stable.As can be seen here, glaze fit problem (split glaze, stripping glaze), be process management during strengthening white clouds pottery is produced, the difficult point of quality control and blind spot, it becomes one piece of worry of the ceramic producer of puzzlement for a long time.Up to standard in order to ensure glaze-body bonding processing performance, some ceramic producer has to take the measure improving temperature of glaze firing to be tackled (temperature of glaze firing of original 1080 DEG C is brought up to 1130 DEG C).This not only adds energy consumption cost, and is still difficult to the hidden danger fundamentally eliminating goods glaze fit difference.
From Industry, the transparent one-tenth glaze of lead free soldering that white clouds pottery producer all adopts professional enamel frit makeing factory to produce substantially.Based on the situation that each white clouds pottery producer glaze used brand is numerous and diverse; Based on the otherness (even if the glaze that the coefficient of expansion is identical, its base glaze fusion faculty and glaze layer tensile energy also greatly differ from each other) of various brands glaze processing performance; Based on the complicacy of glaze fit process technology management; Develop a kind of strengthening white clouds greenwave mud various brands glaze to coupling adaptive function, become the important mission promoting the industry development of white clouds pottery.The market requirement that the present invention produces in response to strengthening white clouds pottery just puts forward.
Summary of the invention
The present invention relates to a kind of strengthening white clouds greenwave mud.Refer to particularly and provide a kind of interactive by base glaze mass transfer, formula and the preparation technology thereof of the strengthening white clouds greenwave mud of coupling adaptive body-glaze intermediate layer can be formed.The problems such as it is many that this moulded pottery not yet put in a kiln to bake material can overcome the glaze-body bonding defect that existing strengthening white clouds pottery exists, and the unstable and temperature of glaze firing of glaze fit technic index is high.
The present invention is based in white clouds greenwave body, forms the thing phase primitive of low wet swelling rate, and structure has base glaze coupling adaptive ability, the formulating of recipe thinking of well-developed body-glaze intermediate layer puts forward, and its scientific basis is as follows:
(1), current, the white clouds pottery producer lead free soldering marzacotto that generally adopts city to sell, this glaze carrys out prescription mainly with low silicon, low aluminium, high boron, high-alkali technological line greatly, to reach the process goal that low temperature becomes glaze.To this, the present invention devises high silicon, low aluminium, high-alkali base mud formula framework, to realize agreeing with the couple of glazing material layer.In batching of body and glaze correspondence, follow macroscopical framework convergence, the principles of formulating prescriptions of microtexture difference to some extent.
(2) expansion coefficient, for current white clouds pottery manufacturer one-tenth glaze used is β 170 ~ 200 × 10
-6/ DEG C situation, the coefficient of expansion of base mud is set in β 200 ~ 230 × 10 by the present invention
-6/ DEG C within the scope of, to guarantee that glaze layer is formed certain stress to base substrate.
(3), with alkaline earth metal oxide (MgO, CaO) for main mine agent, magnesium, calcium oxide dosage are not less than 12%, make it to form hexa-atomic eutectoid point with silicon, aluminium, potassium, na oxide, both improve the degree of sintering of porcelain base, enhance again base glaze mass transfer diffusional effect, thus formed physically well develop, thickness is moderate and have the body-glaze intermediate layer of coupling adaptive ability.
(4), introduce the magnesium-containing mineral of larger proportion, make the content of magnesia in base substrate be not less than 6%, magnesian introducing, the Young's modulus of base substrate can be reduced.By the mass transfer diffusion of MgO to glaze layer, form the body-glaze intermediate layer with snappiness feature.The shock absorption in this middle layer, effectively can offset the stress contrast that base glaze interlayer is excessive.
(5), in order to overcome goods causing later stage glaze to split tendency because of wet swelling, present invention employs low aluminium and low R
2o(potassium, sodium) the formula path of oxide compound, the introducing total amount of aluminum oxide and potassium, na oxide is controlled respectively below 15% and 3.0%.There are some researches prove both at home and abroad, under the condition of low temperature fast firing, the kaolin mineral in porcelain base often forms unbodied metakaolinite thing phase, and basic metal mineral are then easy forms alkali glass particulate in porcelain base.The hydration of amorphous substance phase and alkali glass thing phase is strong, must cause the wet swelling rate of base substrate height enterprise.Containing more high wet swelling thing in porcelain base is the major cause causing goods delayed crazing mutually.The present invention tries hard to just with the most effective technique means, suppresses high wet swelling thing growing in base substrate to greatest extent, to overcome the delayed crazing of goods.
(6) high silicon formula of the present invention is also overcome one of strengthening white clouds pottery later stage important process measure splitting glaze.Under the high temperature conditions, the mineralization of MgO, CaO in porcelain base, can facilitate Free quartz to the conversion of cristobalite.And no matter be the cristobalite particulate of new output or residual free silica particulate, be all the best thing phase component of water resistant in base substrate, moisture-resistant expansion.
From the above-mentioned elaboration to technical conceive of the present invention and Science Mechanism, compared with prior art, the present invention has following process characteristic: present invention employs the formulating of recipe thinking and Technology Ways of agreeing with glazing material layer couple, achieves and in porcelain base, to form low expansion rate of water absorption thing phase primitive and build the process goal with the body-glaze intermediate layer of coupling adaptive ability.This strengthening white clouds greenwave mud is made to have lower firing temperature---reduce by 40-50 DEG C than the firing temperature of current city's pin strengthening white clouds soil; Its strengthening white clouds greenwave body prepared has wider glaze coefficient of expansion subject range---β 165 ~ 200 × 10
-6/ DEG C, and lower hygroexpansivity; Under the glaze firing condition of 1080 DEG C ± 10 DEG C, with base of the present invention clay standby strengthening white clouds pottery product, keep pressure 500KPa steam pressure 30 minutes through autoclave 170 DEG C, do not occur that glaze splits, glaze stripping phenomenon, glaze-body bonding performance reaches exported product requirement.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme:
Strengthening white clouds greenwave mud, this base mud comprises following component by weight percentage: the SiO of 60 ~ 70%
2, 11 ~ 15% Al
2o
3, 6 ~ 10% MgO, the CaO of 2 ~ 8%, the K of 0.5 ~ 3%
2o, 0.5 ~ 3% Na
2o, the loss on ignition of 3.5 ~ 7.0% and the impurity by the adjoint passive introducing of natural mineral; Wherein, total component of MgO and CaO is greater than 12%, Na
2o and K
2total component of O is less than 3%.
More specifically, the coefficient of expansion of above-mentioned base mud is β 200 ~ 230 × 10
-6/ DEG C; And can be β 165 ~ 210 × 10 with expansion coefficient
-6/ DEG C white clouds bristol glaze material match.
Chemical composition SiO in above-mentioned base mud
2, Al
2o
3, MgO, CaO, K
2o, Na
2the ratio that O etc. can divide in certainweight is introduced by following natural mineral: kaolin, ball clay, attaclay, wilkinite, porcelain stone, talcum, the tremolite, diopside, wollastonite, potassium, albite etc.Wherein kaolin, ball clay and the mineral such as attaclay, wilkinite can also be the shaping of base mud, processing performance such as contribution plasticity-and cohesiveness etc.
Above raw mineral materials, to put into production flow process by ceramic paste conventional production process: poor material through rolling, beat after treadle-operated tilt hammer for hulling rice becomes meal, to expect: ball: the ratio of water=1:1.5:0.8 adds ball grinder, through grinding in 32 ~ 42 hours, discharging pulp.The clay minerals such as water-washed kaoline, attaclay, ball clay, wilkinite, to expect: ball: water ratio is that 1:1.3:1 drops into ball milling 6-8 hours, discharging pulp.Above two groups of slurries (poor material and clay minerals), after great Chi is uniformly mixed, is crossed magnetic separation, screening, old, are finally pressed worry to be dehydrated into base mud mud cake.
Strengthening white clouds greenwave mud, its finished product slurry must reach the fineness requirement of median 5 ~ 6 microns.
Embodiment
Embodiment one
The base mud of strengthening white clouds pottery, this base mud preferably includes subordinate's component by weight percentage: the SiO of 65%
2, 12.7% Al
2o
3, 8.5% MgO, the CaO of 5.0%, the K of 1.5%
2o, 0.6% Na
2o, the loss on ignition of 5.8% and the Fe of trace
2o
3, TiO
2deng impurity.SiO in formula
2, Al
2o
3, MgO, CaO, K
2o, Na
2the chemical compositions such as O are introduced by natural mineral raws such as kaolin, ball clay, attaclay, wilkinite, porcelain stone, talcum, the tremolite, diopside, wollastonite, potassium, albites.Wherein kaolin, ball clay attaclay, wilkinite etc. can also be the processing performance such as shaping contribution plasticity-and cohesiveness etc. of base mud.
Strengthening white clouds greenwave mud of the present invention, its temperature of glaze firing is 1080 ± 10 DEG C.This base mud coefficient of expansion is controlled in β 200 ~ 230 × 10
-6/ DEG C within the scope of, the expansion coefficient of joining glazing material is β 170 ~ 200 × 10
-6/ DEG C, its burnt product can guarantee that glaze-body bonding is well stablized.
Embodiment two
Strengthening white clouds greenwave mud, this base mud comprises subordinate's component by weight percentage: the SiO of 69.8%
2, 11.6% Al
2o
3, 6.0% MgO, the CaO of 6.9%, the K of 1.3%
2o, 0.5% Na
2o, the loss on ignition of 3.5% and the Fe of trace
2o
3, TiO
2deng impurity.SiO in formula
2, Al
2o
3, MgO, CaO, K
2o, Na
2the chemical elements such as O are introduced by natural mineral raws such as kaolin, ball clay, attaclay, wilkinite, porcelain stone, talcum, the tremolite, diopside, wollastonite, potassium albites.
Embodiment three
The base mud of strengthening white clouds pottery, this base mud comprises following component by weight percentage: the SiO of 60.7%
2, 14.7% Al
2o
3, 6.1% MgO, the CaO of 8.0%, the K of 2.1%
2o, 0.8% Na
2o, the loss on ignition of 7.0% and the Fe of trace
2o
3, TiO
2deng impurity.SiO in formula
2, Al
2o
3, MgO, CaO, K
2o, Na
2the chemical elements such as O are introduced by natural mineral raws such as kaolin, ball clay, attaclay, wilkinite, porcelain stone, talcum, the tremolite, diopside, wollastonite, potassium albites.
Embodiment four
The base mud of strengthening white clouds pottery, this base mud comprises following component by weight percentage: the SiO of 60.5%
2, 14.8% Al
2o
3, 6.3% MgO, the CaO of 8.0%, the K of 2.1%
2o, 0.8% Na
2o, the loss on ignition of 7.0% and the Fe of trace
2o
3, TiO
2impurity.SiO in formula
2, Al
2o
3, MgO, CaO, K
2o, Na
2the chemical elements such as O are introduced by natural mineral raws such as kaolin, ball clay, attaclay, wilkinite, porcelain stone, talcum, the tremolite, diopside, wollastonite, potassium albites.
Embodiment five
The base mud of strengthening white clouds pottery, this base mud comprises following component by weight percentage: the SiO of 64.3%
2, 13.5% Al
2o
3, 9.8% MgO, the CaO of 2.4%, the K of 0.7%
2o, 2.2% Na
2o, the loss on ignition of 6.5% and the Fe of trace
2o
3, TiO
2deng impurity.SiO in formula
2, Al
2o
3, MgO, CaO, K
2o, Na
2the chemical elements such as O are introduced by natural mineral raws such as kaolin, ball clay, attaclay, wilkinite, porcelain stone, talcum, the tremolite, diopside, wollastonite, potassium albites.
Embodiment six
The base mud of strengthening white clouds pottery, this base mud comprises following component by weight percentage: the SiO of 66.3%
2, 12.1% Al
2o
3, 7.5% MgO, the CaO of 4.9%, the K of 2.3%
2o, 0.6% Na
2o, the loss on ignition of 5.65% and the Fe of trace
2o
3, TiO
2deng impurity.SiO in formula
2, Al
2o
3, MgO, CaO, K
2o, Na
2the chemical elements such as O are introduced by natural mineral raws such as kaolin, ball clay, attaclay, wilkinite, porcelain stone, talcum, the tremolite, diopside, wollastonite, potassium albites.
Embodiment seven
Strengthening white clouds greenwave mud, described formula is under the condition meeting chemical composition, and the available property shown mineral representation is listed as follows: the tremolite 32 parts, raw 8 parts, talcum, porcelain stone 30 parts, water-washed kaoline 22 parts, ball clay 8 parts.With reference to Fig. 1, above raw mineral materials, to put into production flow process by ceramic conventional production process, poor material through rolling, beat after treadle-operated tilt hammer for hulling rice becomes meal, to expect: ball: the ratio of water=1:1.5:0.8 adds ball grinder, ground through 32 ~ 42 hours, discharging pulp.The clay minerals such as water-washed kaoline, ball clay, to expect: ball: water ratio is that the proportioning of 1:1.3:1 enters to grind grinding 6-8 hours, discharging pulp.Above two groups of slurries (poor material and clay minerals), after great Chi is uniformly mixed, is crossed magnetic separation, screening, old, are finally pressed worry to be dehydrated into base mud mud cake.
Embodiment eight
The base mud of strengthening white clouds pottery, described formula is under the condition meeting chemical composition, and the available property shown mineral representation is listed as follows: diopside 30 parts, raw 12 parts, talcum, porcelain stone 28 parts, water-washed kaoline 25 parts, wilkinite 5 parts.With reference to Fig. 1, above raw mineral materials, drops into by ceramic conventional production process flow process, poor material through rolling, beat after treadle-operated tilt hammer for hulling rice becomes meal, to expect: ball: the ratio of water=1:1.5:0.8 adds ball grinder, ground through 32 ~ 42 hours, discharging pulp.The clay minerals such as water-washed kaoline, wilkinite, to expect: ball: water ratio is that the proportioning of 1:1.3:1 enters to grind grinding 6-8 hours, discharging pulp.Above two groups of slurries (poor material and clay minerals), after great Chi is uniformly mixed, is crossed magnetic separation, screening, old, are finally pressed worry to be dehydrated into base mud mud cake.
Embodiment nine
The base mud of strengthening white clouds pottery, described formula is under the condition meeting chemical composition, and the available property shown mineral representation is listed as follows: wollastonite 12 parts, diopside 12 parts, porcelain stone 30 parts, attaclay 18 parts, water-washed kaoline 28 parts.With reference to Fig. 1, above raw mineral materials, drops into by ceramic conventional production process flow process, poor material through rolling, beat after treadle-operated tilt hammer for hulling rice becomes meal, to expect: ball: the ratio of water=1:1.5:0.8 adds ball grinder, ground through 32 ~ 42 hours, discharging pulp.The clay minerals such as water-washed kaoline, attaclay, to expect: ball: water ratio is that the proportioning of 1:1.3:1 enters to grind grinding 6-8 hours, discharging pulp.Above two groups of slurries (poor material and clay minerals), after great Chi is uniformly mixed, is crossed magnetic separation, screening, old, are finally pressed worry to be dehydrated into base mud mud cake.
Embodiment ten
The base mud of strengthening white clouds pottery, described formula is under the condition meeting chemical composition, and the available property shown mineral representation is listed as follows: raw 10 parts, talcum, the tremolite 22 parts, wollastonite 10 parts, potassium felspar sand 8 parts, porcelain stone 18 parts, water-washed kaoline 27 parts, wilkinite 5 parts.With reference to Fig. 1, above raw mineral materials, to put into production flow process by porcelain mud conventional production process, poor material through rolling, beat after treadle-operated tilt hammer for hulling rice becomes meal, to expect: ball: the ratio of water=1:1.5:0.8 adds ball grinder, ground through 32 ~ 42 hours, discharging pulp.The clay minerals such as water-washed kaoline, wilkinite, to expect: ball: water ratio is that the proportioning of 1:1.3:1 enters to grind grinding 6-8 hours, discharging pulp.Above two groups of slurries (poor material and clay minerals), after great Chi is uniformly mixed, is crossed magnetic separation, screening, old, are finally pressed worry to be dehydrated into base mud mud cake.
Embodiment 11
The base mud of strengthening white clouds pottery, described formula is under the condition meeting chemical composition, and the available property shown mineral representation is listed as follows: the tremolite 40 parts, porcelain stone 32 parts, water-washed kaoline 18 parts, ball clay 10 parts.With reference to Fig. 1, above raw mineral materials, to put into production flow process by ceramic conventional production process, poor material through rolling, beat after treadle-operated tilt hammer for hulling rice becomes meal, to expect: ball: the ratio of water=1:1.5:0.8 adds ball grinder, ground through 32 ~ 42 hours, discharging pulp.Water-washed kaoline, ball clay, etc. clay minerals, to expect: ball: water ratio is that the proportioning of 1:1.3:1 enters to grind grinding 6-8 hours, discharging pulp.Above two groups of slurries (poor material and clay minerals), after great Chi is uniformly mixed, is crossed magnetic separation, screening, old, are finally pressed worry to be dehydrated into base mud mud cake.
Above are only the specific embodiment of the present invention, but design concept of the present invention is not limited thereto, all changes utilizing this design the present invention to be carried out to unsubstantiality, all should belong to the behavior of invading scope.