CN1036026C - 液晶显示中光聚合物取向膜的形成方法 - Google Patents
液晶显示中光聚合物取向膜的形成方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1036026C CN1036026C CN94115283A CN94115283A CN1036026C CN 1036026 C CN1036026 C CN 1036026C CN 94115283 A CN94115283 A CN 94115283A CN 94115283 A CN94115283 A CN 94115283A CN 1036026 C CN1036026 C CN 1036026C
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- China
- Prior art keywords
- lcd
- pvcn
- tilt angle
- irradiation
- film
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000004973 liquid crystal related substance Substances 0.000 title abstract description 14
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940114081 cinnamate Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920006254 polymer film Polymers 0.000 claims 2
- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000001678 irradiating effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 9
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical class ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- AFDXODALSZRGIH-QPJJXVBHSA-N (E)-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound COC1=CC=C(\C=C\C(O)=O)C=C1 AFDXODALSZRGIH-QPJJXVBHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QONCEXMULRJPPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-fluoro-3-phenylprop-2-enoic acid Chemical class OC(=O)C(F)=CC1=CC=CC=C1 QONCEXMULRJPPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004642 Polyimide Substances 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 cinnamoyl Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 210000002858 crystal cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008393 encapsulating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003760 hair shine Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- AFDXODALSZRGIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N p-coumaric acid methyl ether Natural products COC1=CC=C(C=CC(O)=O)C=C1 AFDXODALSZRGIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001721 polyimide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009281 ultraviolet germicidal irradiation Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/13378—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by treatment of the surface, e.g. embossing, rubbing or light irradiation
- G02F1/133788—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by treatment of the surface, e.g. embossing, rubbing or light irradiation by light irradiation, e.g. linearly polarised light photo-polymerisation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133711—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers by organic films, e.g. polymeric films
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
- G02F1/133753—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers with different alignment orientations or pretilt angles on a same surface, e.g. for grey scale or improved viewing angle
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2323/00—Functional layers of liquid crystal optical display excluding electroactive liquid crystal layer characterised by chemical composition
- C09K2323/03—Viewing layer characterised by chemical composition
- C09K2323/031—Polarizer or dye
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
- Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR18950/93 | 1993-09-18 | ||
| KR1019930018950A KR970000356B1 (ko) | 1993-09-18 | 1993-09-18 | 액정표시소자(lcd)용 광 폴리머 배향막 형성방법 |
| KR18950/1993 | 1993-09-18 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1116722A CN1116722A (zh) | 1996-02-14 |
| CN1036026C true CN1036026C (zh) | 1997-10-01 |
Family
ID=19363958
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN94115283A Expired - Fee Related CN1036026C (zh) | 1993-09-18 | 1994-09-16 | 液晶显示中光聚合物取向膜的形成方法 |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (2) | US5464669A (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JP3452621B2 (enExample) |
| KR (1) | KR970000356B1 (enExample) |
| CN (1) | CN1036026C (enExample) |
| DE (1) | DE4429916C2 (enExample) |
| GB (1) | GB2281977B (enExample) |
| TW (1) | TW300960B (enExample) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100476548C (zh) * | 2004-01-10 | 2009-04-08 | 中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所 | 一种制备液晶垂直取向膜的方法 |
Families Citing this family (122)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US6160597A (en) * | 1993-02-17 | 2000-12-12 | Rolic Ag | Optical component and method of manufacture |
| KR970000356B1 (ko) * | 1993-09-18 | 1997-01-08 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 액정표시소자(lcd)용 광 폴리머 배향막 형성방법 |
| GB9402516D0 (en) * | 1994-02-09 | 1994-03-30 | Secr Defence | Liquid crystal device alignment |
| US5648829A (en) * | 1994-02-15 | 1997-07-15 | Kyocera Corporation | Method for fabricating a liquid crystal display including irradiating an alignment film with UV light |
| JP3068400B2 (ja) * | 1994-03-17 | 2000-07-24 | シャープ株式会社 | 液晶表示装置の製造方法 |
| JP3075917B2 (ja) * | 1994-05-27 | 2000-08-14 | シャープ株式会社 | 液晶表示装置、その製造方法およびその製造装置 |
| US5654780A (en) * | 1994-06-30 | 1997-08-05 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Method of manufacturing a liquid crystal display including performing orientation relaxation treatment on a portion of the orientation film. |
| GB9519860D0 (en) * | 1995-09-29 | 1995-11-29 | Secr Defence | Polymers for liquid crystal alignment |
| KR0179115B1 (ko) * | 1995-11-20 | 1999-05-01 | 구자홍 | 액정배향용 감광성물질 및 이를 이용한 액정표시장치 |
| KR0181782B1 (ko) * | 1995-12-08 | 1999-05-01 | 구자홍 | 광을 이용한 벤드배향된 액정셀 제조방법 |
| KR100208970B1 (ko) * | 1995-12-29 | 1999-07-15 | 구자홍 | 액정셀 및 그의 제조방법 |
| KR0169016B1 (ko) * | 1995-12-29 | 1999-03-20 | 구자홍 | 광을 이용한 트위스트네메틱 액정셀 제조방법 |
| KR0182876B1 (ko) | 1996-01-09 | 1999-05-01 | 구자홍 | 액정셀의 프리틸트방향 제어방법 |
| GB2309794B (en) * | 1996-02-01 | 1998-07-15 | Lg Electronics Inc | An ultraviolet irradiating device for photo-alignment process and an irradiating method using the same |
| KR0182116B1 (ko) * | 1996-02-01 | 1999-05-01 | 구자홍 | 액정셀의 배향방향 제어방법 |
| JP2872628B2 (ja) * | 1996-02-05 | 1999-03-17 | スタンレー電気株式会社 | 液晶表示素子の製造方法 |
| US5731405A (en) * | 1996-03-29 | 1998-03-24 | Alliant Techsystems Inc. | Process and materials for inducing pre-tilt in liquid crystals and liquid crystal displays |
| GB9607059D0 (en) * | 1996-04-03 | 1996-06-05 | Secr Defence | Liquid crystal alignment materials and devices |
| GB2315877B (en) * | 1996-04-03 | 2000-10-04 | Secr Defence | Liquid crystal alignment materials and devices |
| KR100225910B1 (ko) | 1996-04-04 | 1999-10-15 | 구자홍 | 액정표시장치(liquid crystal display device) |
| KR100209531B1 (ko) | 1996-06-22 | 1999-07-15 | 구자홍 | 액정표시장치 |
| KR100247137B1 (ko) * | 1996-07-29 | 2000-03-15 | 구본준 | 멀티도메인 액정셀의 제조방법 |
| JP3603292B2 (ja) * | 1996-08-30 | 2004-12-22 | Jsr株式会社 | 液晶配向膜の製造方法および液晶表示素子 |
| KR100208475B1 (ko) * | 1996-09-12 | 1999-07-15 | 박원훈 | 자기장 처리에 의한 액정배향막의 제조방법 |
| KR100191787B1 (ko) * | 1996-09-20 | 1999-06-15 | 구자홍 | 광시야각을 가지는 액정셀의 제조방법 |
| US6812985B1 (en) | 1996-09-23 | 2004-11-02 | Lg.Philips Lcd Co., Ltd. | Liquid crystal display device |
| KR100244730B1 (ko) * | 1996-10-02 | 2000-02-15 | 구본준, 론 위라하디락사 | 액정표시소자 제조방법 |
| KR100222355B1 (ko) * | 1996-10-07 | 1999-10-01 | 구자홍 | 액정셀의 프리틸트 제어방법 |
| US6191836B1 (en) | 1996-11-07 | 2001-02-20 | Lg Philips Lcd, Co., Ltd. | Method for fabricating a liquid crystal cell |
| KR100243999B1 (ko) * | 1996-12-16 | 2000-02-01 | 김덕중 | 시야각을 넓힌 액정 표시소자의 제조방법 |
| KR19980057654A (ko) * | 1996-12-30 | 1998-09-25 | 손욱 | 액정표시소자 및 그 제조방법 |
| JP3107534B2 (ja) * | 1996-12-30 | 2000-11-13 | 三星エスディアイ株式会社 | 液晶表示素子及びその製造方法 |
| JP4126731B2 (ja) | 1997-03-13 | 2008-07-30 | Jsr株式会社 | 液晶配向剤 |
| KR19980078124A (ko) * | 1997-04-25 | 1998-11-16 | 손욱 | 광중합형 액정 배향재 및 이를 이용한 액정 배향막의 제조방법 |
| US6174649B1 (en) | 1997-04-25 | 2001-01-16 | Samsung Display Devices Co., Ltd. | Cinnamate-containing photopolymer for orientation film of liquid crystal display (LCD) and method for using the photopolymer to form an orientation film |
| KR100238377B1 (ko) * | 1997-05-03 | 2000-01-15 | 김영환 | 광학배향장치 및 방법 |
| EP2302424B1 (en) | 1997-05-09 | 2014-12-03 | Rolic AG | Optical element comprising a structured retarder |
| TW523630B (en) * | 1997-05-16 | 2003-03-11 | Hitachi Ltd | Active matrix type liquid crystal display device |
| KR100257370B1 (ko) | 1997-05-19 | 2000-05-15 | 구본준 | 횡전계방식액정표시장치 |
| US6972818B1 (en) | 1997-05-19 | 2005-12-06 | Lg.Philips Lcd Co., Ltd. | In-plane switching mode liquid crystal display device |
| KR100257369B1 (ko) | 1997-05-19 | 2000-05-15 | 구본준 | 횡전계방식액정표시장치 |
| US6292296B1 (en) | 1997-05-28 | 2001-09-18 | Lg. Philips Lcd Co., Ltd. | Large scale polarizer and polarizer system employing it |
| US5925289A (en) * | 1997-06-20 | 1999-07-20 | Polaroid Corporation | Synthetic UV-bleached polarizer and method for the manufacture thereof |
| US6184961B1 (en) | 1997-07-07 | 2001-02-06 | Lg Electronics Inc. | In-plane switching mode liquid crystal display device having opposite alignment directions for two adjacent domains |
| KR100251512B1 (ko) | 1997-07-12 | 2000-04-15 | 구본준 | 횡전계방식 액정표시장치 |
| US6697140B2 (en) | 1997-07-29 | 2004-02-24 | Lg. Philips Lcd Co., Ltd. | In-plane switching mode liquid crystal display device wherein portions of second gate line overlaps with data electrode |
| US6307609B1 (en) * | 1997-08-05 | 2001-10-23 | Wayne M. Gibbons | Polarized light exposure systems for aligning liquid crystals |
| KR100255931B1 (ko) * | 1997-08-14 | 2000-05-01 | 구본준, 론 위라하디락사 | 횡전계방식 액정표시소자 |
| US6549258B1 (en) | 1997-09-04 | 2003-04-15 | Lg. Philips Lcd Co., Ltd. | Hybrid switching mode liquid crystal display device |
| KR100293434B1 (ko) | 1997-09-08 | 2001-08-07 | 구본준, 론 위라하디락사 | 횡전계방식액정표시소자 |
| KR100259258B1 (ko) | 1997-11-21 | 2000-06-15 | 구본준 | 액정표시소자 |
| KR100293436B1 (ko) | 1998-01-23 | 2001-08-07 | 구본준, 론 위라하디락사 | 횡전계방식액정표시장치 |
| US6449028B1 (en) | 1998-06-12 | 2002-09-10 | Asulab S.A. | Liquid crystal display device having sealing frame and/or spacers formed of anisotropic polymer used to align the liquid crystal molecules |
| KR100344844B1 (ko) | 1998-07-07 | 2002-11-18 | 엘지.필립스 엘시디 주식회사 | 액정표시소자및그제조방법 |
| KR100279043B1 (ko) | 1998-07-15 | 2001-01-15 | 윤종용 | 액정디스플레이용폴리말레이미드및폴리이미드광배향재 |
| KR100320416B1 (ko) | 1998-08-26 | 2002-09-17 | 엘지.필립스 엘시디 주식회사 | 횡전계방식액정표시소자 |
| JP2000147511A (ja) * | 1998-11-13 | 2000-05-26 | Fujitsu Ltd | 液晶表示装置およびその製造方法 |
| KR100301853B1 (ko) | 1999-03-25 | 2001-09-26 | 구본준, 론 위라하디락사 | 액정표시소자용 배향막 |
| KR100357214B1 (ko) | 1999-04-21 | 2002-10-18 | 엘지.필립스 엘시디 주식회사 | 액정표시소자 |
| US7084087B2 (en) * | 1999-09-07 | 2006-08-01 | Abb Lummus Global Inc. | Zeolite composite, method for making and catalytic application thereof |
| WO2001026442A2 (en) * | 1999-10-12 | 2001-04-19 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Liquid crystal display element, optically anisotropic film, and methods for manufacturing them |
| KR100475107B1 (ko) | 1999-10-14 | 2005-03-09 | 엘지.필립스 엘시디 주식회사 | 멀티도메인 액정셀의 제조방법 |
| KR100595294B1 (ko) | 1999-12-14 | 2006-07-03 | 엘지.필립스 엘시디 주식회사 | 횡전계방식 액정표시장치용 칼라필터 기판의 제조방법 |
| KR100504531B1 (ko) * | 1999-12-15 | 2005-08-03 | 엘지.필립스 엘시디 주식회사 | 횡전계방식 액정표시장치 |
| KR100595298B1 (ko) * | 2000-09-23 | 2006-07-03 | 엘지.필립스 엘시디 주식회사 | Htn모드 액정 디스플레이 장치 |
| KR100673265B1 (ko) * | 2000-10-04 | 2007-01-22 | 엘지.필립스 엘시디 주식회사 | 액정표시장치 |
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- 1994-01-20 JP JP00477094A patent/JP3452621B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-08-23 DE DE4429916A patent/DE4429916C2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-09-16 CN CN94115283A patent/CN1036026C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1994-09-19 GB GB9418846A patent/GB2281977B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| JPH04320959A (ja) * | 1991-04-19 | 1992-11-11 | Olympus Optical Co Ltd | 超音波顕微鏡 |
| JPH04326959A (ja) * | 1991-04-26 | 1992-11-16 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 塗装工程におけるワークの整列システム |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| GB2281977A (en) | 1995-03-22 |
| TW300960B (enExample) | 1997-03-21 |
| GB9418846D0 (en) | 1994-11-09 |
| CN1116722A (zh) | 1996-02-14 |
| KR970000356B1 (ko) | 1997-01-08 |
| JP3452621B2 (ja) | 2003-09-29 |
| DE4429916C2 (de) | 1996-08-14 |
| US5767994A (en) | 1998-06-16 |
| US5464669A (en) | 1995-11-07 |
| JPH07104302A (ja) | 1995-04-21 |
| GB2281977B (en) | 1998-01-14 |
| KR950009327A (ko) | 1995-04-21 |
| DE4429916A1 (de) | 1995-03-30 |
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