CN103594729B - A kind of electrolyte for lithium ion battery - Google Patents
A kind of electrolyte for lithium ion battery Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103594729B CN103594729B CN201310624603.4A CN201310624603A CN103594729B CN 103594729 B CN103594729 B CN 103594729B CN 201310624603 A CN201310624603 A CN 201310624603A CN 103594729 B CN103594729 B CN 103594729B
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- Prior art keywords
- additive
- electrolyte
- lithium
- ion battery
- lithium ion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0569—Liquid materials characterised by the solvents
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of electrolyte for lithium ion battery, this electrolyte comprises organic solvent, lithium salts and additive, described additive is additive (I) fluorine-containing sulfimide lithium, additive (II) carbonats compound or sulfonates compounds and additive (III) phosphate compounds; Wherein, additive (I): additive (II): additive (III) in the electrolytic solution shared weight ratio is 1:0.2 ~ 6:0.01 ~ 5, and in described electrolyte, additive (I) accounts for the percentage by weight of all electrolyte is 0.01%-10%.The present invention has carried out rational quality ratio optimization to additive contained in electrolyte, meets the performance requirement of lithium ion battery in low temperature discharge and high temperature circulation process; This electrolyte can form stable fine and close passivating film (SEI film) on lithium battery Carbon anode surface, prevents the further decomposition of solvent and lithium salts, improves the performance of battery significantly.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to technical field of lithium ion, particularly a kind of lithium ion battery adds fluorine-containing sulfimide lithium, the electrolyte of carbonates or sulfonates compounds and phosphate compounds.
Background technology
Lithium ion battery forms primarily of positive pole, negative pole, electrolyte and barrier film.As the electrolyte of critical material, playing the effect of transmission lithium ion and conduction current in lithium ion battery, is the bridge connecting both positive and negative polarity electrode material, and its performance quality decides the performance of performance of lithium ion battery.At present, lithium-ion battery electrolytes is primarily of organic solvent, and lithium salts and additive three part form.Organic solvent is generally the mixture of cyclic carbonate solvents (as ethylene carbonate, propene carbonate) and linear carbonates solvent (as dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate); Lithium salts generally adopts business-like LiPF
6for conducting salt; And additive is of a great variety, usually select according to different use, its ratio shared is in the electrolytic solution very little, but is extensively studied exploitation because function is obvious.
Lithium ion battery, in initial charge process, can form one deck SEI film in negative terminal surface.At low ambient temperatures, if the SEI film formed is too thick, membrane impedance is higher, then lithium ion cannot migrate through, and will analyse lithium; In high temperature circulation process, if the SEI film formed is form compact and stable not, then SEI film can dissolve gradually or break, and causes the negative pole exposed to continue to react with electrolyte, while consuming electrolyte, battery capacity is reduced.It can thus be appreciated that the performance of quality to lithium ion battery of SEI film is most important.Due to additives different in electrolyte or the different same additive measured, the SEI film quality of formation all can be caused different, and membrane impedance is also different.Therefore, the quality improving SEI film by control additive and amount seems very necessary to realizing high performance lithium ion battery.
For this problem, people have carried out large quantifier elimination.One is disclosed containing LiN (SO in a kind of lithium ion battery nonaqueous electrolytic solution and corresponding lithium ion battery (CN103151559A) thereof
2f)
2as lithium salts, fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC) and TAP are the electrolyte of additive.LiN (SO
2f)
2as the lithium salts used time, consumption is more, then the situation that inevitably HF content is higher in electrolyte, also can be unfavorable for the high temperature cyclic performance of battery simultaneously.If by LiN (SO
2f)
2as additive use, then while improving battery high-temperature cycle performance, the situation that HF content also can be avoided higher occurs.In addition, the impact of additive capacity on battery performance is not studied in this patent.What is more important, found by our research, the cryogenic property of TAP is very poor.
Summary of the invention
Goal of the invention of the present invention is to solve the problems of the technologies described above, and provides a kind of and can form on lithium battery Carbon anode surface the electrolyte that one deck stablizes fine and close passivating film.
In order to realize foregoing invention object, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
For an electrolyte for lithium ion battery, comprise organic solvent, lithium salts and additive, described additive comprises additive (I), additive (II) and additive (III);
Described additive (I) is fluorine-containing sulfimide lithium, and structural formula is:
Wherein, R1, R2 are the alkyl that fluorine atom or more than one hydrogen atom are replaced by fluorine atoms;
Described additive (II) is carbonats compound or sulfonates compounds;
Described additive (III) is phosphate compounds, and structural formula is:
Wherein, R1, R2 and R3 are independently selected from the alkyl that carbon number is 1-8;
Described additive (I): additive (II): additive (III) in the electrolytic solution shared weight ratio is 1:0.2 ~ 6:0.01 ~ 5, and in described electrolyte, additive (I) accounts for the percentage by weight of all electrolyte is 0.01%-10%.
Wherein, described additive (I) is preferably: additive (II): additive (III) in the electrolytic solution shared weight ratio is 1:0.5 ~ 4:0.02 ~ 3.
Further preferred described additive (I): additive (II): additive (III) in the electrolytic solution shared weight ratio is 1:1 ~ 3:0.05 ~ 2.
Wherein, in described additive (I), R1 and R2 is fluorine.The molecular formula of additive (I) is Li [N (SO
2f)
2] (LiFSI), i.e. two fluorine sulfimide lithium.
Wherein, described additive (II) is vinylene carbonate, vinyl ethylene carbonate, fluorinated ethylene carbonate, chlorocarbonic acid second vinyl acetate, propane sultone or butane sultones, preferred chlorocarbonic acid vinyl acetate.
Wherein, in described additive (III), R1, R2 and R3 are acrylic.The molecular formula of additive (III) is (C
3h
5o)
3pO, i.e. TAP.
Wherein, described organic solvent is one or more combinations in ethylene carbonate, propene carbonate, butylene, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate or methyl propyl carbonate.
Wherein, in described electrolyte, lithium salts is one or more combinations in lithium hexafluoro phosphate, lithium perchlorate, LiBF4, di-oxalate lithium borate, two fluorine Lithium bis (oxalate) borate or hexafluoroarsenate lithium.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
(1) provide a kind of novel lithium-ion battery electrolytes, and rational quality ratio optimization has been carried out to additive contained in electrolyte, meet the performance requirement of lithium ion battery in low temperature discharge and high temperature circulation process;
(2) this electrolyte can form stable fine and close passivating film (SEI film) on lithium battery Carbon anode surface, prevents the further decomposition of solvent and lithium salts, improves the performance of battery significantly.
Embodiment
By describing technology contents of the present invention, structural feature in detail, being realized object and effect, be explained in detail below in conjunction with execution mode.
Electrolyte of the present invention is at rectangular cell, and cylindrical battery, button cell, can both apply in the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary lithium ion batteries such as soft-package battery.
Electrolyte of the present invention comprises organic solvent, lithium salts and additive, and described additive is additive (I) fluorine-containing sulfimide lithium, additive (II) carbonats compound or sulfonates compounds and additive (III) phosphate compounds; Wherein, additive (I): additive (II): additive (III) in the electrolytic solution shared weight ratio is 1:0.2 ~ 6:0.01 ~ 5, and in described electrolyte, additive (I) accounts for the percentage by weight of all electrolyte is 0.01%-10%.Described organic solvent is one or more combinations in ethylene carbonate, propene carbonate, butylene, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate or methyl propyl carbonate.In described electrolyte, lithium salts is one or more combinations in lithium hexafluoro phosphate, lithium perchlorate, LiBF4, di-oxalate lithium borate, two fluorine Lithium bis (oxalate) borate or hexafluoroarsenate lithium.
Described additive (I) is bis trifluoromethyl sulfimide lithium (LiN (CF
3sO
2)
2, two fluorine sulfimide lithium (LiN (SO
2f)
2), (fluorine sulphonyl) (positive perfluoro butyl sulphonyl) imine lithium (Li [(SO
2f) (n-C
4f
9sO
2) N], (fluorine sulphonyl) (trimethyl fluoride sulfonyl) imine lithium Li [N (SO
2f) (CF
3sO
2)] in one, preferably two fluorine sulfimide lithium (LiFSI).Described additive (II) is vinylene carbonate (VC), one in vinyl ethylene carbonate (VEC), fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC), chloroethylenes ester (ClEC), propane sultone (PS), butane sultones, preferred fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC); Described additive (III) is phosphate compounds, is tricresyl phosphate vinyl acetate, TAP, triethyl phosphate, and tricresyl phosphate propyl ester, the one in tributyl phosphate, preferably selects TAP ((C
3h
5o)
3pO).
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is elaborated:
The preparation of electrolyte is carried out in the drying box that dew point controls below-40 DEG C.Configuration technique is as follows: by ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC) and methyl ethyl carbonate (EMC) in mass ratio for EC:DMC:EMC=1:1:1 mixes, then add the LiPF of 1.1mol/L
6, after being fully uniformly mixed, then add each additive successively in component design ratio, after being again fully uniformly mixed, obtain required electrolyte.The proportioning of concrete comparative example and embodiment asks for an interview following table 1:
The formula table (ratio is mass percent) of table 1 electrolyte comparative example and embodiment
| Additive I | Additive II | Additive III | |
| Comparative example 1 | LiFSI:1% | ||
| Comparative example 2 | FEC:1% | ||
| Comparative example 3 | TAP: 0.1% |
| Comparative example 4 | LiFSI:1% | FEC:1% | |
| Comparative example 5 | FEC:1% | TAP: 0.1% | |
| Comparative example 6 | LiFSI:1% | TAP: 0.1% | |
| Embodiment 1 | LiFSI:1% | FEC:1% | TAP: 0.1% |
| Embodiment 2 | LiFSI:1% | FEC:1% | TAP: 1% |
| Embodiment 3 | LiFSI:1% | FEC:1% | TAP: 3% |
| Embodiment 4 | LiFSI:2% | FEC:1% | TAP: 0.1% |
| Embodiment 5 | LiFSI:4% | FEC:1% | TAP: 0.1% |
| Embodiment 6 | LiFSI:1% | FEC:2% | TAP: 0.1% |
| Embodiment 7 | LiFSI:1% | FEC:3% | TAP: 0.1% |
Test battery all adopts ternary battery, and battery design capacity is 900mAh, and positive active material is nickel, cobalt and manganese oxide LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2, and negative pole is native graphite.In comparative example and embodiment, often kind of injecting electrolytic solution 4 batteries.Change into according to the following steps: 0.05C constant current charge 3min, 0.2C constant current charge 5min, 0.5C constant current charge 25min, after shelving 1hr, shaping is sealed, then further with the electric current constant current charge of 0.2C to 4.2V, after normal temperature shelf 24hr, with the electric current constant-current discharge of 0.2C to 3.0V.After Battery formation terminates, select two batteries under 45 DEG C of high temperature, to carry out charge and discharge cycles with 1C multiplying power, two remaining batteries carry out 0.5C multiplying power discharging at-30 DEG C.Concrete test result is in table 2.2 cell testing results show that the performance test results of same electrolyte in different battery is relatively more consistent, have good stability.(remarks: at Efficiency at Low Temperature value=-30 of-30 DEG C DEG C 0.5C discharge capacity/room temperature under 0.5C discharge capacity, the discharge capacity of the discharge capacity after capability retention=500 week circulation in 500 weeks/circulate first)
The low temperature discharging efficiency of table 2 comparative example and embodiment and high temperature circulation capability retention
| -30 DEG C of discharging efficiencies | 45 DEG C of circulations, 500 weeks capability retentions | |
| Comparative example 1 | 61.5% | 55.0% |
| Comparative example 2 | 55.1% | 52.0% |
| Comparative example 3 | 35.8% | 48.0% |
| Comparative example 4 | 63.9% | 65.0% |
| Comparative example 5 | 48.8% | 72.5% |
| Comparative example 6 | 56.8% | 66.7% |
| Embodiment 1 | 71.2% | 80.3% |
| Embodiment 2 | 70.1% | 82.1% |
| Embodiment 3 | 67.4% | 83.5% |
| Embodiment 4 | 72.5% | 81.2% |
| Embodiment 5 | 72.8% | 78.5% |
| Embodiment 6 | 71.8% | 84.2% |
| Embodiment 7 | 70.3% | 81.3% |
From table 2 ,-30 DEG C of discharging efficiencies of comparative example 3 and 45 DEG C of circulations, 500 weeks capability retentions all very low, but combine afterwards (comparative example 5) with FEC, can see, 45 DEG C of cycle performances significantly improve.Due to the cryogenic property better (comparative example 1) of LiFSI, therefore, can see that, after combining with FEC and TAP (embodiment 1,2,3,4,5,6,7), low temperature performance improves clearly, meanwhile, high temperature cyclic performance also has raising in various degree.In an embodiment, compared with embodiment 1,2,3,4,5,7, the low temperature discharging efficiency of embodiment 6 and high temperature cyclic performance are preferably, illustrate that three kinds of additive combinations under this proportioning are optimum.
The foregoing is only embodiments of the invention; not thereby the scope of the claims of the present invention is limited; every utilize specification of the present invention to do equivalent structure or the conversion of equivalent flow process, or be directly or indirectly used in other relevant technical fields, be all in like manner included in scope of patent protection of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. for an electrolyte for lithium ion battery, comprise organic solvent, lithium salts and additive, it is characterized in that, described additive is made up of additive (I), additive (II) and additive (III);
Described additive (I) is fluorine-containing sulfimide lithium, and structural formula is:
Wherein, R
1, R
2for the alkyl that fluorine atom or more than one hydrogen atom are replaced by fluorine atoms;
Described additive (II) is carbonats compound or sulfonates compounds;
Described additive (III) is phosphate compounds, and structural formula is:
Wherein, R
1, R
2and R
3independently be selected from the alkyl that carbon number is 1-8;
In described electrolyte, additive (I) accounts for the percentage by weight of all electrolyte is 0.01%-10%;
Described additive (I): additive (II): additive (III) in the electrolytic solution shared weight ratio is 1:(1 ~ 3): (0.05 ~ 2).
2. the electrolyte for lithium ion battery according to claim 1, is characterized in that, R in described additive (I)
1and R
2be fluorine.
3. the electrolyte for lithium ion battery according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described additive (II) is vinylene carbonate, vinyl ethylene carbonate, fluorinated ethylene carbonate, chlorocarbonic acid vinyl acetate, propane sultone or butane sultones.
4. the electrolyte for lithium ion battery according to claim 1, is characterized in that, R in described additive (III)
1, R
2and R
3be acrylic.
5. the electrolyte for lithium ion battery according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described organic solvent is one or more combinations in ethylene carbonate, propene carbonate, butylene, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate or methyl propyl carbonate.
6. the electrolyte for lithium ion battery according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described electrolyte, lithium salts is one or more combinations in lithium hexafluoro phosphate, lithium perchlorate, LiBF4, di-oxalate lithium borate, two fluorine Lithium bis (oxalate) borate or hexafluoroarsenate lithium.
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| CN103594729B true CN103594729B (en) | 2015-11-18 |
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| CN104300174A (en) * | 2014-10-11 | 2015-01-21 | 深圳新宙邦科技股份有限公司 | Non-aqueous electrolyte of lithium ion battery and lithium ion battery |
| CN105140561A (en) * | 2015-07-08 | 2015-12-09 | 深圳新宙邦科技股份有限公司 | Non-aqueous electrolyte of lithium ion battery and lithium ion battery |
| CN105140566A (en) * | 2015-08-03 | 2015-12-09 | 深圳新宙邦科技股份有限公司 | Non-aqueous electrolyte of lithium ion battery and lithium ion battery |
| CN105047995B (en) * | 2015-09-22 | 2018-05-08 | 宁德新能源科技有限公司 | Lithium ion battery of electrolyte including the electrolyte and preparation method thereof |
| US20180269528A1 (en) * | 2015-09-23 | 2018-09-20 | Shenzhen Capchem Technology Co., Ltd | Electrolyte for lto type lithium ion batteries |
| CN105428715B (en) | 2015-11-04 | 2018-06-08 | 深圳新宙邦科技股份有限公司 | A kind of non-aqueous electrolyte for lithium ion cell and lithium ion battery |
| CN105428717A (en) | 2015-12-18 | 2016-03-23 | 深圳新宙邦科技股份有限公司 | Electrolyte for lithium ion battery and lithium ion battery |
| CN105514496A (en) * | 2016-01-28 | 2016-04-20 | 大荔德飞新能源科技有限公司 | Lithium-ion battery electrolyte and preparation method thereof |
| WO2018094843A1 (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2018-05-31 | 深圳新宙邦科技股份有限公司 | Non-aqueous electrolyte for lithium-ion battery and lithium-ion battery |
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| CN108808065B (en) | 2017-04-28 | 2020-03-27 | 深圳新宙邦科技股份有限公司 | Lithium ion battery non-aqueous electrolyte and lithium ion battery |
| CN108808066B (en) * | 2017-04-28 | 2020-04-21 | 深圳新宙邦科技股份有限公司 | Lithium ion battery non-aqueous electrolyte and lithium ion battery |
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| CN109119687B (en) * | 2017-06-22 | 2020-09-11 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | Electrolyte and electrochemical energy storage device |
| CN109326823B (en) | 2017-07-31 | 2020-04-21 | 深圳新宙邦科技股份有限公司 | Lithium ion battery non-aqueous electrolyte and lithium ion battery |
| CN109326824B (en) | 2017-07-31 | 2020-04-21 | 深圳新宙邦科技股份有限公司 | Lithium ion battery non-aqueous electrolyte and lithium ion battery |
| CN107611479B (en) * | 2017-09-08 | 2022-10-11 | 广东天劲新能源科技股份有限公司 | Lithium ion power battery electrolyte and lithium ion secondary battery |
| CN111477960B (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2021-11-30 | 珠海市赛纬电子材料股份有限公司 | Electrolyte and lithium ion battery using same |
| CN114335729B (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2023-06-06 | 天目湖先进储能技术研究院有限公司 | High-voltage additive for lithium battery and electrolyte |
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