CN105826600A - Nonaqueous electrolyte solution for lithium ion batteries and lithium ion batteries - Google Patents
Nonaqueous electrolyte solution for lithium ion batteries and lithium ion batteries Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
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- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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Abstract
The invention discloses a nonaqueous electrolyte solution for lithium ion batteries and the application thereof in lithium ion batteries .The nonaqueous electrolyte solution comprises a nonaqueous solvent, lithium salt and additives, wherein the lithium salt and the additives are dissolved in the nonaqueous solvent .The nonaqueous electrolyte solution is characterized in that the composition range of the solvent meets the following standards: ethylene carbonate (EC) ranges from 10 wt% to 30 wt%, propylene carbonate (PC) ranges from 5 wt% to 30 wt%, propyl propionate (PP) ranges from 5 wt% to 40 wt%, and fluorobenzene (FB) ranges from 1 wt% to 15wt% .The additives include fluoroethylene carbonate, dinitrile compound and fluorocarbon surfactant .Through the optimized combination of the solvent system and the additives fluoroethylene carbonate, dinitrile compound and fluorocarbon surfactant, long cycle life and good low-temperature discharge characteristic and high-temperature storage characteristic of lithium ion batteries can still be realized under high voltage.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to lithium ion battery preparing technical field, be specifically related to a kind of lithium ion battery non-aqueous electrolytic solution and lithium ion battery thereof.
Background technology
Lithium ion battery is the battery of a new generation's most competitiveness, is referred to as " the environmental protection energy ", is to solve Contemporary Environmental pollution problem and the one preferred technique of energy problem.In recent years, in high-energy battery field, lithium ion battery is achieved with immense success, but consumer still expects that the higher battery of combination property emerges, and this depends on the research and development of the electrode material to new and electrolyte system.
The energy density of battery is required more and more higher by the electronic digital product such as smart mobile phone, panel computer at present so that commercial li-ion battery is difficult to meet requirement.The energy density promoting battery can be passed through: selects high power capacity and high-pressure solid positive and negative pole material；Improve the running voltage of battery.High power capacity positive electrode or high-voltage anode material is used to be an up the most effective approach of lithium ion battery energy density.
But in high-voltage battery, while positive electrode charging voltage improves, the oxidation Decomposition phenomenon of electrolyte can be aggravated, thus causes the deterioration of battery performance.It addition, high-voltage battery the most generally exists the phenomenon of cathode metal Ion release, particularly battery after long high temperature storage, the dissolution of cathode metal ion is further exacerbated by, and the holding capacity causing battery is on the low side.For the cobalt acid lithium high-voltage battery of current business-like more than 4.3V, generally there is high temperature circulation and the problem of high-temperature storage performance difference, after being mainly reflected in high temperature circulation, thickness swelling and internal resistance increase relatively big, and after long-time high temperature storage, capacity keeps on the low side.The factor causing these problems mainly has: the oxidation Decomposition of (1) electrolyte.Under high voltages, the oxidation activity of positive electrode active materials is higher, make the reactive increase between itself and electrolyte, plus at high temperature, reaction between high-voltage anode and electrolyte is further exacerbated by, the oxidative degradation products causing electrolyte constantly deposits at positive electrode surface, deteriorates positive electrode surface characteristic, causes the internal resistance of battery and thickness constantly to increase.(2) digestion of metallic ion of positive active material and reduction.On the one hand, at high temperature, the LiPF in electrolyte6As easy as rolling off a log decomposition, produces HF and PF5.Wherein HF can corrode positive pole, causes the dissolution of metal ion, thus destroys cathode material structure, causes capacity to run off；On the other hand, under high voltages, electrolyte is easily oxidized at positive pole, causes the metal ion of positive active material to be easily reduced and dissolution is in electrolyte, thus destroys cathode material structure, causes capacitance loss.Meanwhile, the metal ion of dissolution to electrolyte, easily propagate through SEI and arrive negative pole acquisition electronics and be reduced into metal simple-substance, thus destroy the structure of SEI, cause cathode impedance constantly to increase, self-discharge of battery aggravates, and irreversible capacity increases, penalty.
United States Patent (USP) US5471862 changes the ethers in electrolyte into chain carboxylate, formed containing chain carboxylate, cyclic carbonate and the electrolyte of linear carbonate mixed solvent, avoid the side reaction of ethers and negative pole, significantly improve cold cycle performance and the high-temperature storage performance of lithium ion battery, but carboxylic acid esters solvent can occur inevitable side reaction with negative pole.
Open ether/the aryl compound containing two itrile groups of United States Patent (USP) US2008/0311481Al (SamsungSDICo., Ltd), improves battery flatulence under high voltage and hot conditions, improves high-temperature storage performance, and its cryogenic property is to be modified.
Summary of the invention
For not enough present in background above technology, the invention provides a kind of lithium ion battery non-aqueous electrolytic solution and lithium ion battery thereof.
A kind of lithium ion battery non-aqueous electrolytic solution, it includes nonaqueous solvent and is dissolved in lithium salts and the additive of this nonaqueous solvent, it is characterised in that: this solvent compositing range meets claimed below:
10wt%≤ethylene carbonate (EC)≤30wt%；
5wt%≤Allyl carbonate (PC)≤30wt%；
5wt%≤propyl propionate (PP)≤40wt%；
1wt%≤fluorobenzene (FB)≤15wt%；
This additive includes fluorocarbon surfactant shown in dinitrile compound shown in fluorinated ethylene carbonate, formula I and formula II；
Formula I:
Wherein, R represents the group that carbon number is 1～10；R independently selected from alkylene, ethyoxyl, phenyl, vinyl group in one；
Formula II: Rf3O(CH2CH2O)nR1；
Wherein, Rf3Be carbon number be 2～18 containing fluoroalkyl, R1It is hydrogen atom or alkyl that carbon number is 1～4, n=1～25.
In terms of the gross weight of described non-aqueous electrolytic solution, the content of described fluorinated ethylene carbonate is 1～6%.
Described non-aqueous organic solvent is possibly together with one or more in butylene, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, Ethyl methyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, methyl butyrate, ethyl n-butyrate., gamma-butyrolacton, gamma-valerolactone, δ-valerolactone, 6-caprolactone.
Described lithium salts is selected from one or more in lithium hexafluoro phosphate, lithium perchlorate, LiBF4, di-oxalate lithium borate, double fluorine Lithium bis (oxalate) borate, two (trimethyl fluoride sulfonyl) imine lithiums and imidodisulfuryl fluoride lithium salt.
The weight/mass percentage composition of described dinitrile compound is 1%～6%；The weight/mass percentage composition of fluorocarbon surfactant is 0.001%～1%.
Described dinitrile compound selected from succinonitrile, glutaronitrile, adiponitrile, pimelic dinitrile, hexamethylene dicyanide, azelaic dinitrile, sebacic dinitrile, 2-methyl cellosolve acetate glutaronitrile, 2-methylene glutaronitrile, 1,2-bis-(2-cyanoethoxyl) ethane, 1, one or more in 3-benzene diacetonitrile, 1,4-dicyano-2-butylene.
Described electrolyte possibly together with PS, Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-butane sultone, 1, one or more in 3-propene sultone, sulfuric acid vinyl ester and sulphuric acid propylene, and the mass percent that above-mentioned each additive is in the electrolytic solution is respectively 0.1～10%.
A kind of lithium ion battery, charge cutoff voltage is not higher than 4.5V more than 4.2V, including positive pole, negative pole and the barrier film being placed between positive pole and negative pole, also includes the electrolyte of lithium ion battery described in claim 1 to 9 any one.
The structural formula of the active substance of positive pole is: LiNixCoyMnzL (1-x-y-z) O2, wherein, L is Al, Sr, Mg, Ti, Ca, Zr, Zn, Si or Fe, 0≤x≤1,0≤y≤1,0≤z≤1.
Positive electrode is LiCoxL1-xO2, and wherein, L is Al, Sr, Mg, Ti, Ca, Zr, Zn, Si or Fe, 0 < x≤1.
It is an advantage of the current invention that:
(1) propyl propionate (PP) and the fluorobenzene (FB) at electrode/electrolyte interface can be improved by controlling the content of easily aerogenesis solvent ethylene carbonate (EC) in solvent and adding in electrolyte, inhibit the decomposition of electrolyte, decrease the gas production of battery, thus improve the high-temperature storage performance of lithium ion battery.
(2) fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC) of 1%-6% in additive, can form excellent SEI at negative pole, protects
Card battery has excellent cycle performance.
(3) dinitrile compound of 1%-6% in additive, can reduce electrolyte decomposition with metal ion generation complexing, suppress digestion of metallic ion, protect positive pole, promote battery performance.
(4) in additive, the nonionic fluorocarbon surfactant of 0.001%-1% can significantly reduce the contact angle between electrolyte and graphite cathode thus improves the electrolyte wellability to graphite cathode；Improve battery performance further.
(5) lithium-ion battery electrolytes of the present invention has the beneficial effect of the cycle life, cryogenic discharging characteristic and the high-temperature storage characteristics that the most still keep good so that lithium ion battery.
(6) present invention by preferably with regulation electrolyte in ethylene carbonate (EC), Allyl carbonate (PC), propyl propionate (PP), the ratio of fluorobenzene (FB) equal solvent, improve the wettability between electrolyte and electrode and the Ionic diffusion at this interface, optimize battery performance.This dicyandiamide solution, with the optimum organization of additive fluorinated ethylene carbonate, dinitrile compound and fluorocarbon surfactant, it is ensured that battery the most still keeps good cycle life, cryogenic discharging characteristic and high-temperature storage characteristics.
The know-why of the present invention is:
Pass through preferred solvent, control the content of easily aerogenesis solvent ethylene carbonate (EC) in solvent and in electrolyte, add propyl propionate (PP) and the fluorobenzene (FB) that can improve electrode/electrolyte interface, inhibit the decomposition of electrolyte, decrease the gas production of battery, thus improve the high-temperature storage performance of lithium ion battery.
Fluoro carbonic ester class additive is by the sucting electronic effect of F element, be conducive to improving the solvent molecule reduction potential on Carbon anode surface, optimize solid electrolyte interface film, improve the compatibility of electrolyte and active material, and then the chemical property of stabilized electrodes, there is preferable resistance to oxidation resistance, the cycle performance of high-voltage battery can be significantly improved.When the content of fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC) is less than 1%, it is poor at the film-formation result of negative pole, and circulation does not has due improvement result, when content is more than 6%, it the most easily decomposes aerogenesis, causes battery flatulence serious, deteriorates high-temperature storage performance.
When dinitrile compound content is less than 1%, it suppresses digestion of metallic ion DeGrain, thus cannot improve high-temperature storage performance and the cycle performance of lithium ion battery；When dinitrile compound weight/mass percentage composition in nonaqueous electrolytic solution is higher than 5%, its complexation layer formed with the transition metal in positive electrode active materials is blocked up, causes positive pole impedance to increase, deterioration.
When nonionic fluorocarbon surfactant is less than 0.001%, does not reaches and electrolyte wettability is improved effect；When content is more than 1%, electrolyte wettability improving no longer promoting, causes electrolyte colourity higher simultaneously, battery performance reduces.
Detailed description of the invention
Below by exemplary embodiment, the present invention will be further elaborated；But the scope of the present invention should not be limited to the scope of embodiment, any change without departing from present subject matter or change can be understood by the person skilled in the art, all within protection scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
The preparation method of the present embodiment high-voltage lithium ion batteries, including positive pole preparation process, negative pole preparation process, electrolyte preparation process, barrier film preparation process and battery number of assembling steps；
Described positive pole preparation process is: by the mass ratio mixing high-voltage anode active material cobalt acid lithium of 96.8:2.0:1.2, conductive carbon black and binding agent polyvinylidene fluoride, it is dispersed in METHYLPYRROLIDONE, obtain anode sizing agent, anode sizing agent is uniformly coated on the two sides of aluminium foil, through drying, rolling and be vacuum dried, and burn-oning with supersonic welder and obtain positive plate after aluminum lead-out wire, the thickness of pole plate is between 120-150 μm；
Described negative pole preparation process is: compare admixed graphite by the quality of 96:1:1.2:1.8, conductive carbon black, binding agent butadiene-styrene rubber and carboxymethyl cellulose, dispersion is in deionized water, obtain cathode size, cathode size is coated on the two sides of Copper Foil, through drying, rolling and be vacuum dried, and burn-oning with supersonic welder and obtain negative plate after nickel making outlet, the thickness of pole plate is between 120-150 μm；
Described electrolyte preparation process is: by ethylene carbonate, Allyl carbonate, propyl propionate and fluorobenzene mix for EC:PC:PP:FB=22:22:40:16 by volume, adding concentration after mixing is the lithium hexafluoro phosphate of 1.15mol/L, add the fluorinated ethylene carbonate (FEC) of 5wt% based on electrolyte gross weight, 3.0wt% adiponitrile (AN), 0.5wt%1,2-bis-(2-cyanoethoxyl) ethane (BCN), the fluorocarbon surfactant A1 of 0.05wt%.
Described barrier film preparation process is: using PE+PVDF (polyethylene and PVDF coating processes), thickness is 8+2 μm.
The preparation of lithium ion battery: prepared positive plate, barrier film, negative plate are folded in order, makes barrier film be in the middle of positive/negative plate, and winding obtains naked battery core；Naked battery core is placed in outer package, the electrolyte of above-mentioned preparation is injected in dried battery, encapsulate, stand, be melted into, shaping, volume test, complete the preparation (454261PL-1640) of lithium ion battery.
1) cycle performance test: at 25 DEG C DEG C, the cobalt acid lithium battery 1C constant current constant voltage after partial volume is charged to 4.45V, then with 1C constant-current discharge to 3.0V.Calculating the conservation rate of the 500th circulation volume after 500 circulations of charge/discharge, computing formula is as follows:
500th circulation volume conservation rate (%)=(the 500th cyclic discharge capacity/for the first time cyclic discharge capacity) × 100%；
2) high-temperature storage performance: with 0.5C constant current constant voltage, the battery after partial volume is charged to 4.45V at normal temperatures, measures initial battery thickness, initial discharge capacity, then stores 4h at 85 DEG C, and heat surveys battery final thickness, calculates cell thickness expansion rate；It is discharged to 3.0V with 0.5C afterwards measure the holding capacity of battery and recover capacity.Computing formula is as follows:
Cell thickness expansion rate (%)=(final thickness-original depth)/original depth × 100%；
Battery capacity conservation rate (%)=holding capacity/initial capacity × 100%；
Capacity resuming rate (%)=recovery capacity/initial capacity × 100%.
3) low temperature discharge: with 1C constant-current constant-voltage charging to 4.45V (cut-off current is as 0.01C) under 25 DEG C of environment, shelves 5min, 0.2C and is discharged to 3.0V, detect battery initial capacity.Shelve 5min, 1C constant-current constant-voltage charging to 4.45V (cut-off current is 0.01C).Battery is put into the high-low temperature chamber of-10 DEG C is shelved 4h, and be discharged to 3.0V, the discharge capacity under detection low temperature with 0.2C with this understanding.
Low temperature discharge conservation rate (%)=low temperature discharge capacity/initial capacity × 100%；
2, embodiment 2～15
Embodiment 2～15, in addition to additive composition and content (based on electrolyte gross weight) are pressed and added shown in table 1, other is the most same as in Example 1.
In table, PP is propyl propionate, and EP is ethyl propionate, 1,3-PS is PS, and PRS is acrylic-1,3-sultones, AN is adiponitrile, SN be succinonitrile DTD be sulfuric acid vinyl ester, DCB is 3-hexene dintrile, BCN is 1,2-bis-(2-cyanoethoxyl) ethane, PEN is 1,3-benzene diacetonitrile.
Fluorocarbon surfactant in each embodiment:
A1For CF3(CF2)4CH2O(CH2CH2O)2H
A2For CF3(CF2)16CH2O(CH2CH2O)11CH2CH2CH3
A3For CF3CF2O(CH2CH2O)25CH2CH2CH2CH3
Table 1 is each constituent content table and the battery performance test result of electrolysis additive.
The embodiment 1～the embodiment 15 that use technical scheme have more preferable normal-temperature circulating performance, high-temperature storage and low temperature performance.The battery using comparative example 1～comparative example 8 electrolyte can not take into account high/low temperature and cycle performance simultaneously, and combination property is relatively poor.
Contrasting with embodiment 1, do not contain the comparative example 1 of PP and FB in dicyandiamide solution, thickness swelling is 38.6%, far above the thickness swelling (9.6%) of embodiment, illustrates that battery flatulence is severe, and conservation rate and recovery rate after storage are low.
The comparative example 2 that EC content is too much, thickness swelling nearly 30% during high-temperature storage, embodiment 1 is by reducing EC content and increasing PP content, and high-temperature storage is obviously improved, and wherein thickness swelling is less than 10%.
Comparative example 3 without FB, the conservation rate of room temperature circulation 500 circle is 61.1%, far below the conservation rate 80.1% of embodiment 1；With embodiment 1 quite, it is low 7 percentage points that low temperature discharge also compares embodiment 1 to high-temperature storage performance.Illustrate that FB can improve cycle performance and the cryogenic property of battery.
Comparative example 4 without PP, wire EMC instead of PP in embodiment 1, and room temperature circulation and high-temperature storage are deteriorated, low temperature discharge slight degradation.
Comparative example 5 without FEC, the conservation rate of room temperature circulation 500 circle is 32.9%, and-10 DEG C of discharging efficiencies are that 60.6% corresponding high-temperature storage performance is poor.Show that FEC can significantly improve cycle performance and promote low temperature discharge.
Without the comparative example 6 and 8 of double nitrile compounds, under high voltage and hot conditions, positive pole can not get protection, and flatulence is obvious, battery performance serious deterioration.
Comparative example 7 without fluorocarbon surfactant, the conservation rate (75.6%) of room temperature circulation 500 circle is lower than embodiment 1 (80.1%), and thickness swelling is high, and low temperature performance is suitable with embodiment 1.Show that fluorocarbon surfactant can improve cycle performance, also can relatively significantly improve high-temperature storage performance simultaneously.
It is further advanced by each embodiment and comparative example 1-8 and carries out comparative illustration:
By preferably with the ratio of the mixed solvent such as ethylene carbonate (EC), Allyl carbonate (PC), propyl propionate (PP), fluorobenzene (FB) in regulation electrolyte, this dicyandiamide solution is with the optimum organization of additive fluorinated ethylene carbonate, dinitrile compound and fluorocarbon surfactant, improve the wettability between electrolyte and electrode and the Ionic diffusion at this interface, optimize battery performance.Ensure that battery the most still keeps good cycle life, cryogenic discharging characteristic and high-temperature storage characteristics.
It is above illustrating of the section Example for the present invention, is not intended to limit the scope of the claims of the present invention, all changes without departing from present invention or replacement, all should be within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a lithium ion battery non-aqueous electrolytic solution, it includes nonaqueous solvent and is dissolved in lithium salts and the additive of this nonaqueous solvent, it is characterised in that: this solvent compositing range meets claimed below:
10wt%≤ethylene carbonate (EC)≤30wt%；
5wt%≤Allyl carbonate (PC)≤30wt%；
5wt%≤propyl propionate (PP)≤40wt%；
1wt%≤fluorobenzene (FB)≤15wt%；
This additive includes fluorocarbon surfactant shown in dinitrile compound shown in fluorinated ethylene carbonate, formula I and formula II；
Formula I:
Wherein, R represents the group that carbon number is 1～10；R independently selected from alkylene, ethyoxyl, phenyl, vinyl group in one；
Formula II: Rf3O(CH2CH2O)nR1；
Wherein, Rf3Be carbon number be 2～18 containing fluoroalkyl, R1It is hydrogen atom or alkyl that carbon number is 1～4, n=1～25.
Lithium ion battery non-aqueous electrolytic solution the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in terms of the gross weight of described non-aqueous electrolytic solution, the content of described fluorinated ethylene carbonate is 1～6%.
Lithium ion battery non-aqueous electrolytic solution the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described non-aqueous organic solvent is possibly together with one or more in butylene, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, Ethyl methyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, propyl propionate, methyl butyrate, ethyl n-butyrate., gamma-butyrolacton, gamma-valerolactone, δ-valerolactone, 6-caprolactone.
Lithium ion battery non-aqueous electrolytic solution the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described lithium salts is selected from one or more in lithium hexafluoro phosphate, lithium perchlorate, LiBF4, di-oxalate lithium borate, double fluorine Lithium bis (oxalate) borate, two (trimethyl fluoride sulfonyl) imine lithiums and imidodisulfuryl fluoride lithium salt.
Lithium rechargeable battery non-aqueous electrolytic solution the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the weight/mass percentage composition of described dinitrile compound is 1%～6%；The weight/mass percentage composition of fluorocarbon surfactant is 0.001%～1%.
Lithium ion battery non-aqueous electrolytic solution the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described dinitrile compound selected from succinonitrile, glutaronitrile, adiponitrile, pimelic dinitrile, hexamethylene dicyanide, azelaic dinitrile, sebacic dinitrile, 2-methyl cellosolve acetate glutaronitrile, 2-methylene glutaronitrile, 1,2-bis-(2-cyanoethoxyl) ethane, 1, one or more in 3-benzene diacetonitrile, Isosorbide-5-Nitrae-dicyano-2-butylene.
7. according to the lithium ion battery non-aqueous electrolytic solution described in claim 1～6 any one, it is characterized in that, described electrolyte is possibly together with 1,3-propane sultone, 1,4-butane sultone, 1, one or more in 3-propene sultone, sulfuric acid vinyl ester and sulphuric acid propylene, and the mass percent that above-mentioned each additive is in the electrolytic solution is respectively 0.1～10%.
8. a lithium ion battery, charge cutoff voltage is more than 4.2V and not higher than 4.5V, including positive pole, negative pole and the barrier film being placed between positive pole and negative pole, it is characterised in that also include the electrolyte of lithium ion battery described in claim 1 to 7 any one.
Lithium ion battery the most according to claim 8, it is characterised in that the structural formula of the active substance of positive pole is: LiNixCoyMnzL (1-x-y-z) O2, wherein, L is Al, Sr, Mg, Ti, Ca, Zr, Zn, Si or Fe, 0≤x≤1,0≤y≤1,0≤z≤1.
Lithium ion battery the most according to claim 9, it is characterised in that positive electrode is LiCoxL1-xO2, wherein, L is Al, Sr, Mg, Ti, Ca, Zr, Zn, Si or Fe, 0 < x≤1.
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| CN114256507A (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2022-03-29 | 张家港市国泰华荣化工新材料有限公司 | Lithium secondary battery and method for manufacturing the same |
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