CN103579399A - Packaging structure for surface-light-condensing solar cells - Google Patents
Packaging structure for surface-light-condensing solar cells Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/052—Cooling means directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. integrated Peltier elements for active cooling or heat sinks directly associated with the PV cells
- H01L31/0521—Cooling means directly associated or integrated with the PV cell, e.g. integrated Peltier elements for active cooling or heat sinks directly associated with the PV cells using a gaseous or a liquid coolant, e.g. air flow ventilation, water circulation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators
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- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a packaging structure for surface-light-condensing solar cells. The packaging structure is composed of a cell module. The cell module is formed by a plurality of independent cell units connected in series or in parallel. Each independent cell unit is formed by low-iron high-intensity light-transmitting glass, the multiple pieces of surface-light-condensing solar cells, a ceramic copper-covering substrate and a water-cooling cavity from outside to inside in sequence. The structure is particularly suitable for occasions needing large-area high-power light condensing, some problems caused by the adoption of conventional spot-light-condensing solar cells can be effectively avoided, and the packaging structure is compact in arrangement and simple in structure and has very good maintainability and producibility.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to solar photovoltaic technology field, be specifically related to a kind of encapsulating structure for face concentrating solar battery.
Background technology
In reducing the variety of way of photovoltaic generation cost, using concentrating to generate power technology CPV technology is studied person and a kind of mode of using the degree of depth consideration of client institute.
Why this approach is because can replace with cheap light-concentrating material expensive solar cell by extensive concern, and can further improve solar cell power generation efficiency by optically focused mode.But some difficult points are also present in CPV technology simultaneously, for example, battery packaging structure and battery heat dissipation technology.
Conventional CPV divides 2 large class, i.e. transmission point light-focusing type and reflecting surface light-focusing types.The former adopts Fresnel Lenses that incident light is converged on solar cell, forms some concentrating to generate power; Latter adopts high reflectance hyperboloidal mirror that incident light reflection is converged on solar cell, forms face concentrating to generate power.In a concentrating to generate power mode, often adopt solar cell and passive radiating mode that area is less; And in face concentrating to generate power mode, often adopt solar energy in large area battery, and because cell area is excessive, passive heat radiation is difficult to obtain ideal effect.
Fig. 1 is the solar battery structure schematic diagram that in prior art, transmission point optically focused mode adopts.Battery chip has been prepared respectively metallic upper surface electrode 1 and back electrode 4 on surface and the back side, adopts the layer structure mode that is connected, and solar cell chip has comprised a thick substrate layer 3 and battery layers 2, and it can be also tie that battery layers can make unijunction more.Adopt semiconductor package; solar cell and the good substrate 5 of heat conductivility are encapsulated; utilize spun gold 7 bonding technologies that surface electrode and conducting metal are electrically connected simultaneously; back electrode is used tin cream to be welded with substrate, finally adopts sealing 8 techniques that battery chip and outside air isolation are formed to protection.Battery operated in reasonable temperature in order to guarantee, so this class battery is all generally compared with small size, recycles outside large area fin and carries out passive heat radiation.
The transmission point concentrating solar battery that directly adopts Fig. 1 to use builds reflecting surface concentrating solar battery, may have larger impact to system effectiveness and reliability, mainly aspect following 3:
(1) the some concentrating solar battery shown in Fig. 1, its 2 electrodes lay respectively at battery up/down face, so the general gold wire bonding mode that adopts of upper surface electrode electrical connection.In an optically focused mode is applied, sunlight incides 9 formation of transmission collective optics and once converges after light, reenter and be mapped to the rear secondary condensation of secondary condensation prism 10 to the cell piece being placed on heat-radiating substrate 12, as shown in Figure 2, wherein secondary condensation prism floor space is generally similar with battery top layer receipts light area, and therefore, energy-flux density maximum is at battery receiving surface, spun gold conductor part 11 can be avoided being directly subject to largest light intensity and irradiate and temperature rising, thereby avoids impedance to increase.
And in face concentration applications, caustic surface, often than much bigger times of an optically focused mode, at this moment just need to adopt some independent solar cell series/parallels to become intensive array to generate electricity.In such application, gold wire bonding part is also subject to high-energy light intense irradiation simultaneously, and because spun gold is generally got along well, heat-radiating substrate directly contacts, therefore heat can accumulate on spun gold wire, thereby surface temperature can significantly rise, under 500x optically focused condition, more than spun gold local temperature may rise to 200 degree, thereby cause spun gold impedance to increase, system effectiveness significantly reduces.
(2) Fig. 3 is the power generation array schematic diagram that uses 4 point concentrating solar batteries to form.Wherein, 4 point concentrating solar batteries are connected mutually, and each battery plus-negative plate adopts spun gold bridge joint 7 to be connected respectively with circuit.Therefore in such application, if adopt such battery to form power generation array, in order to guarantee High-current output, must interval between each battery wider electrical traces gap 13, thereby cannot dense arrangement, also just wasted collection area, cause energy loss, cause system effectiveness to decline.
(3) some concentrating solar battery, in order to reduce light reflection, generally all adopts sealing adhesive process.Adopt high transparent adhesive film 8 directly cell piece to be isolated from the outside.And in reflecting surface concentration applications, because collection area is larger, if adopt high transparent adhesive film 8 to isolate, in high illumination and high ultraviolet situation, its weatherability, water proofing property all may have problems, and affects battery life, lowers efficiency.
Therefore, in reflecting surface concentration applications, need to specifically apply for it, select suitable batteries type, and encapsulation targetedly.
Summary of the invention
Above defect or Improvement requirement for prior art, the invention provides a kind of encapsulating structure for face concentrating solar battery, not only can be used in dish formula concentrating solar power generation system, also can be used in slot light collection solar power system and other face concentrating solar power generation system.。
The invention provides a kind of encapsulating structure for face concentrating solar battery, it is characterized in that: described encapsulating structure consists of a battery modules, described battery modules is again by several independent battery unit strings/be formed in parallel, and wherein each independent battery unit is partly comprised of low iron high-strength transparent glass, some unilateral concentrating solar battery substrates and water-cooled cavity etc. from outside to inside successively.Such structure is particularly suitable in the occasion that needs large area high power concentrator, can effectively avoid adopting conventional some problems that concentrating solar battery brings of putting, and arrange compactness, simple in structure, has extraordinary maintainability and productibility.
Preferably, the face concentrating solar battery on each independent battery unit all obtains from same wafer cutting.The solar cell of gained has extraordinary currents match and structural integrity like this, adopts such cell piece to become the battery unit that efficiency is higher by series/parallel.
Preferably, the positive and negative electrode of described concentrating solar battery is positioned at the same face.Therefore in reflecting surface concentration applications, adopt this type of battery can avoid, because spun gold is partly subject to the problem that strong illumination causes internal resistance to increase, having improved efficiency.
Preferably, described concentrating solar battery is for intersecting back contact silicon based solar battery, or many knots face compound solar cell.
Preferably, the substrate of battery and water-cooled cavity are integral sealing, and the substrate of battery is as the cover plate of water-cooled cavity.Thereby guarantee the maximal efficiency of water-cooled, reduce battery surface temperature
Preferably, described substrate adopts highly heat-conductive material.Can not use in addition water-cooled cavity like this, and radiating efficiency is higher.
Preferably, described substrate is ceramic copper-clad base plate, or in being, has the water-cooled ceramic copper-clad base plate of tank, or is copper base, or is aluminium base, or is aluminium nitride substrate.
Preferably, battery modules and dodging device are used in conjunction with.Thereby can guarantee the uniformity of light intensity.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is transmission point concentrator solar cell structural representation in prior art;
Fig. 2 is that in prior art, transmission point optically focused is used schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is by 4 point concentrator cell array schematic diagrames that some concentrator solar cell is in series in prior art;
Fig. 4 is a kind of concentrator solar cell structural representation in the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the modular unit that in the present invention, 12 unilateral concentrator solar cells form;
Fig. 6 is 1 battery modules being built by 4 modular units in the present invention;
Fig. 7 is that in the present invention, battery modules coordinates schematic diagram with dodging device;
Fig. 8 is 12 solar cell schematic diagrames that obtain same modular unit in the present invention on same wafer;
In institute's drawings attached, identical Reference numeral is used for representing identical element or structure, wherein:
1 - Metal surface electrode,,,, 2 - cell layer, 3 - lining the bottom,,, 4 - metal bottom electrode 5 - basement,,,, 6 - surface antireflection film, 7 - Gold line,,,, 8 - transparent silicone,,,, 9 - transmission condenser 10 - condenser prism,,,, 11 - gold,, 12 - radiator,,,, (13) - the battery compartment, , 14 - on the surface of the antireflection film,,, ,15-N type silicon,,, ,16-P-type doping region,,, ,17-N-type doping region, 18 passivation region, , 19 - metal positive electrode,,,, 20 - metal negative electrode,,,, 21 - water-cooled cavity,,,, 22 - DBC ceramic substrate laminates,,,, 23 - face concentrator cells,,,, 24 - high intensity light transmittance low iron glass,,,, 25 - inlet / outlet,,,,26-4-cell battery pack,,,, 27 - blocking diode,,,, 28 - the four sides of a high reflective mirror surface ,,,, 29 - wafers.
Embodiment
In order to make object of the present invention, technical scheme and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein, only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.In addition,, in each execution mode of described the present invention, involved technical characterictic just can not combine mutually as long as do not form each other conflict.
And this patent specifically puts forward in order to address these problems.This technology not only can be used in dish formula concentrating solar power generation system, also can be used in slot light collection solar power system and other face concentrating solar power generation system.
Fig. 4 is a kind of solar battery structure schematic diagram that reflecting surface optically focused mode adopts.This battery can be that unijunction silicon solar cell can be also three knot face batteries, and its common feature is that P-N knot is all present in the device back side with heavily doped form.For unijunction silicon, this battery is also referred to as intersection back contact solar cell, and it is inner exists two kinds of ways of contact, and a kind of is PN contact, i.e. PN junction contacts between N-type silicon 15 and P type doped region 16 in Fig. 4; Another is ohmic contact, i.e. contacting between N-type silicon 15 and N-type doped region 17.The positively charged metal utmost point 19 and metal negative electrode 20 regions have formed alloy-layer, and cell backside forms the surface passivation layer of SiO2, and insulating barrier 18, and this insulating barrier, between the positively charged metal utmost point 19 and metal negative electrode 20, prevents short circuit.
Because this type of battery positive and negative electrode is all at cell backside, therefore in reflecting surface concentration applications, adopt this type of battery can avoid, because spun gold is partly subject to the problem that strong illumination causes internal resistance to increase, having improved efficiency.In addition, because this type of battery can adopt N-type silicon as substrate, thereby there is less light decay effect, therefore can better bring into play optically focused characteristic.
Owing to wishing large output voltage and little output current reduces overall loss in condenser system, therefore as shown in Figure 8, can adopt the some sub-batteries of taking from same face concentrator solar cell wafer 29, a modular unit in series increases output voltage mutually, and recycling a plurality of modular units formation battery modules parallel with one another increases whole output current.
As shown in Figure 5, several these type of cell package form a modular unit, and wherein, cell substrates adopts the good ceramic copper-clad DBC substrate 22 of heat conductivility, and the thermal coefficient of expansion of DBC substrate approaches silicon, and has good thermal conductivity and high-insulativity.On DBC substrate copper sheet, etch the electrical connection circuit of mutual series connection, and make after each antisymmetry land pattern corresponding with each battery back electrode, employing is carried out SMT paster processing by some cell pieces 23 with substrate 22 without bubble tin cream, guarantee that both corresponding coincidences are integrally welded, finally adopt high transparent silicon gel by a low iron high-strength transparent glass 24 and module whole sealing, prevent that operating circuit is oxidized or pollute, increasing its weatherability and water proofing property, improving assembly life-span.
For reflecting surface optically focused, need to adopt active heat removal mode, in this patent, the water-cooling pattern of taking the initiative.The refrigerating fluid that is mixed with ethylene glycol circulates through current import/export 25, the assembly of above-mentioned good seal is as the superiors of water-cooled module, again with size and the direct insert seal of cell substrates water-cooled cavity 21 of a size, thereby guaranteed the maximum heat radiation contact area of current.Sealing between the two can be taked various ways, and as, laser welding or sealing silica gel, water-cooled cavity can adopt red copper or other highly heat-conductive material, consider here to select copper based material be mainly consider the coefficient of expansion and cell substrates similar.By selecting suitable conductive structure and water velocity, can guarantee that battery surface temperature is at zone of reasonableness.
After completing, above-mentioned two steps just formed a series unit.Can be again can form a battery modules 26 by several such series units are parallel with one another again, as shown in Figure 6, be the battery modules 26 that 4 series units form.Because each series unit size is less, therefore adopt each unit to use a blocking diode 27, prevent " hot spot effect ".Each unit all adopts same water-cooling structure, and recirculated water, from first unit water inlet enters, then enters the water inlet of other unit by its delivery port, form the water route contact between each unit.By regulating flow velocity, can guarantee that unit is all at suitable temperature.
During use, above-mentioned battery modules 26 can be used in conjunction with hot spot dodging device, as shown in Figure 7, battery modules 26 is positioned in light uniforming device bottom, and being embedded in 284 of dodging device inner sides is the specular material of high reflectance, can guarantee that like this hot spot inciding in battery modules is uniformly distributed.
This patent is described to be not only only suitable for, in the generating of dish formula, also can slightly being changed and being applicable to other face concentrating solar power generation system by structure for face concentrating solar power generation system battery packaging structure.
With reference to figure 5, the encapsulating structure of a unit of embodiment is followed successively by water-cooled cavity 21 from back to front, 22,12 reflecting surface concentrator solar cells 23 of ceramic copper-clad DBC substrate, low iron high-strength transparent glass 24.
The face concentrating solar battery sheet adopting can adopt intersection back contact silicon based solar battery, also can adopt many knots face compound solar cell and other solar cell, and the solar cell feature adopting is that battery positive and negative electrode is positioned at the same face.The cell substrates adopting also can be by aluminium nitride substrate, and aluminium base or copper base replace.
12 reflective surface concentrator solar cells adopt laser cutting machine cutting drawing 8 on same battery wafer, laser cutting machine wavelength≤1064nm, and scribing precision≤10um, drive system is stepping electrode or the high-precision servo motor that precision is high.Between the same Battery pack sheet that cutting obtains on same wafer 29, can have better currents match characteristic, and difference in thickness is little.
Utilize SMT chip mounter that the cell piece correspondence cutting down is mounted on pad, recycling Reflow Soldering will be preheated to 100 ℃ without bubble solder(ing) paste, pass through 80-230 ℃ and be reflow soldered on ceramic copper-clad DBC substrate, be finally cooled to normal temperature cure, make cell piece and line pad form circuit and be connected.The described DBC substrate heat coefficient of expansion approaches silion cell chip, has good thermal conductivity and high-insulativity.On DBC substrate, manufacture in advance electric wiring, by battery electrode circuit interdigitate and mutual disjunct antisymmetry form, arrange.After welding, carry out line test.
Water-cooled cavity adopts the refrigerating fluid that is mixed with ethylene glycol or glycerol to carry out circulation cooling, and cooling cavity internal structure and paster battery are corresponding one by one, can dispel the heat more targetedly.Aforesaid patch substrate is direct and cavity sealing as water-cooled cavity cover plate, guarantees that current contact area is maximum, and sealing means can adopt epoxy resin silica gel or the laser welding of high sealing.
Select iron-holder lower than 0.5% low iron high-strength transparent glass as encapsulation cover plate, utilize high transparent silicon gel by transparent glass and cell panel integral sealing.Described silicon gel can adopt EVA glued membrane, can placing battery oxidized and pollute life-saving.
Present case is combined into 1 battery modules with 4 generator units, with reference to figure 6, adds up to 48 reflecting surface concentrator solar cells, forms 4 unit batteries in parallel connection modules, has large output voltage and little output current, thereby reduces line loss.Between each unit, can adopt parallel way, the inner series system that adopts in unit.Because 12 cell pieces of inside, unit are all taken from same battery wafer, therefore there is reasonable consistency.Water-cooled cavity is one another in series, and circulation fluid enters the modules processing of lowering the temperature successively, controls suitable discharge and can guarantee that the temperature between unit reaches appropriate point.
Battery modules and dodging device are used in conjunction with, and the illuminance that generator unit is incided in assurance is even, thereby has good currents match characteristic.Reflecting material in dodging device can adopt aluminium film, and aluminium film is in ultra-violet (UV) band, and there is very high reflectivity visible region and infrared region.At the aluminium film outer surface having plated, can generate layer oxide film by the method for oxidation, or specially add plating one deck aluminium oxide or silica at aluminium film outer surface, can guarantee like this when aluminium film has higher reflectivity also can, lower than atmospheric corrosion, to increase the service life.
Specific embodiment parameter can be got following parameters, but does not limit following parameter:
1) ceramic substrate typical thickness is 0.63mm, and surface gold-plating layer thickness is 0.3mm.
2) cell piece cutting area 1cmx3cm, a cellar area is 6cmx6cm, totally 12 reflecting surface solar cells.
2) cell piece thickness 0.2mm, adopts without bubble solder(ing) paste paster patch layer thickness 0.2mm.
2) the high transparent glass thickness of the low iron of high strength 1mm, adopts the encapsulation of EVA glued membrane, adhesive film thickness 0.5mm.
2) refrigerating chamber body thickness 8cm, current control rate 2L/Hr.
2) battery modules area 15cmx15cm, cell area 12cmx12cm, adds up to 48 batteries.
By foregoing, can obtain a kind of packaged type for reflecting surface concentrator solar cell, can effectively solve some problems that adopt some concentrator solar cell to bring in reflecting surface concentration applications.
Those skilled in the art will readily understand; the foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention; not in order to limit the present invention, all any modifications of doing within the spirit and principles in the present invention, be equal to and replace and improvement etc., within all should being included in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. the encapsulating structure for face concentrating solar battery, it is characterized in that: described encapsulating structure consists of a battery modules, described battery modules is again by several independent battery unit strings/be formed in parallel, and wherein each independent battery unit is comprised of low iron high-strength transparent glass, some unilateral concentrating solar batteries, substrate and water-cooled cavity from outside to inside successively.
2. the encapsulating structure for face concentrating solar battery as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the face concentrating solar battery on each independent battery unit all obtains from same wafer cutting.
3. the encapsulating structure for face concentrating solar battery as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the positive and negative electrode of described concentrating solar battery is positioned at the same face.
4. the encapsulating structure for face concentrating solar battery as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that: described concentrating solar battery is for intersecting back contact silicon based solar battery, or many knots face compound solar cell.
5. the encapsulating structure for face concentrating solar battery as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: the substrate of battery and water-cooled cavity are integral sealing, and the substrate of battery is as the cover plate of water-cooled cavity.
6. the encapsulating structure for face concentrating solar battery as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described substrate adopts highly heat-conductive material.
7. the encapsulating structure for face concentrating solar battery as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that: described substrate is ceramic copper-clad base plate, or in being, have the water-cooled ceramic copper-clad base plate of tank, or be copper base, or be aluminium base, or be aluminium nitride substrate.
8. the encapsulating structure for face concentrating solar battery as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: battery modules and dodging device are used in conjunction with.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310472587.1A CN103579399A (en) | 2013-10-11 | 2013-10-11 | Packaging structure for surface-light-condensing solar cells |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201310472587.1A CN103579399A (en) | 2013-10-11 | 2013-10-11 | Packaging structure for surface-light-condensing solar cells |
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| CN103579399A true CN103579399A (en) | 2014-02-12 |
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| CN201310472587.1A Pending CN103579399A (en) | 2013-10-11 | 2013-10-11 | Packaging structure for surface-light-condensing solar cells |
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