CN103575604A - Hardness testing machine - Google Patents
Hardness testing machine Download PDFInfo
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- CN103575604A CN103575604A CN201210351743.4A CN201210351743A CN103575604A CN 103575604 A CN103575604 A CN 103575604A CN 201210351743 A CN201210351743 A CN 201210351743A CN 103575604 A CN103575604 A CN 103575604A
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Abstract
The present invention provides a hardness testing machine which can perform accurate hardness tests by properly selecting test force according to a test position. The relation between the test position and the test force endowed to a pressure head is determined based on a hardness evolving curve of a relational expression for expressing the relation between the distance from a surface of a test piece and the hardness of the test piece at the position, and is stored on a storage part (81). When the hardness test is performed, a control part (80) calculates an imaged hardness according to the present test position, and selects the proper test force by calculating the size of an impression from the imaged hardness.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to measure the hardness tester of test film hardness.
Background technology
The structure of such hardness tester is as follows: it has the mounting table of mounting test film; For the surface at test film, form the pressure head of impression; In testing position, by pressure head is pressed into test film, test force is given to the mechanism loading of pressure head and for observing the object lens at the formed impression in the surface of test film, the size of this hardness tester based on formed impression on the surface of test film measured the hardness of test film.
About such hardness tester, after giving test force, in undersized situation of the formed impression in the surface of test film, existence cannot be measured the size of impression exactly, and the precision of hardness test reduces such problem; On the other hand, after giving test force, in the situation that the formed impression in surface of test film is oversize, impression becomes over the visual field of object lens, thereby cannot measure the size of impression.Therefore,, for the size of impression is set to be applicable to the size of measuring, need to suitably select the value of test force.
In patent documentation 1, disclosed following penetration hardness test method: the less degree of depth of impact that the compression distance of pressure head has been set as loading to the base of sample, pressure head is pressed into until this degree of depth, the load applying according to pressure head at this moment and the degree of depth of this setting are obtained the hardness of sample.
Background technology document
Patent documentation
Summary of the invention
The problem that invention will solve
For example,, in JIS(Japanese Industrial Standards) in GO559:2208 " flame hardening of steel and high-frequency quenching cured layer depth measurement method ", regulation is relevant for to utilizing the quenching cured layer degree of depth of high-frequency quenching etc. to carry out the situation of instrumentation.About according to the inspection of this regulation, the test film after quenching vertically to be cut off solidified surface, attrition process is cut off surface and as being examined surface, in a plurality of positions, this being examined to surface and carrying out hardness test.
About the test film after quenching like this, at the near surface being quenched, test film hardening, again, is but deliquescing at the closed test sheet of test film.Therefore, with certain test force, such test film is carried out the situation of continuous hardness test to reaching inner position from the face side of test film, along with testing position moves to the inside of test film, the size that produces impression is become to large such phenomenon.
In as representational Vickers hardness test, the pressure head of positive rectangular pyramid is pressed into test film, by the mean value of the catercorner length of formed impression is thus measured, the hardness of test film is measured.At this moment, in the situation that impression spacing adjacent to each other diminishes, they interact.Therefore, the Center Gap of requirement impression is set to the more than 3 times of catercorner length of impression.Therefore,, in the situation that impression is oversize, owing to not meeting above-mentioned condition, cause re-starting hardness test.
Again, in situation about with the object lens with identical multiplying power, the different impression of size being measured like this, produce problem as following, in the situation that the size of impression is less, cannot to the size of impression, measure exactly, the precision of hardness test reduces, on the other hand, in the larger-size situation of impression, impression surpasses the visual field of object lens, cannot measure the size of impression.
The present invention makes in order to solve above-mentioned problem, and its objective is provides a kind of by select suitably test force according to testing position, can carry out the hardness tester of hardness test accurately.
For solving the means of problem
About the kind hardness tester of the invention of record in technical scheme 1, it has the mounting table of mounting test film; For the surface at described test film, form the pressure head of impression; By described pressure head being pressed into described test film is given the mechanism loading of test force to described pressure head in testing position and for observing the object lens at the formed impression in the surface of described test film, described hardness tester is characterised in that to have: store described testing position and the storage part of relation that is given to the test force of described pressure head; And control part, its testing position based on testing, reads the test force being stored in described storage part, by controlling described mechanism loading, with the test force of being read, described pressure head is pressed into described test film.
The hardness tester of recording about technical scheme 2, is characterized in that, the described testing position being stored in described storage part is pre-entered by operator with the relation that is given to described pressure head test force.
The hardness tester of recording about technical scheme 3, it is characterized in that, the relational expression of relation that is stored in described testing position in described storage part and the relation that is given to the test force of described pressure head and is based on representing the hardness of described testing position and described test film decides.
The hardness tester of recording about technical scheme 4, is characterized in that, described test film is to utilize to quench to be cured the steel that layer depth is measured.
The hardness tester of recording about technical scheme 5, it is characterized in that, the described testing position being stored in described storage part decides based on hardness passing curve with the relation that is given to the test force of described pressure head, and described hardness is passed curve and represented and the relation of having carried out the surperficial distance of steel of described quenching and the hardness of the described steel of this position.
Invention effect
The invention of recording according to technical scheme 1, with based on being stored in the testing position of storage part and being given to the test force that the relation of the test force of pressure head decides, pressure head is pressed into test film, can carries out hardness test with the suitable test force corresponding with testing position thus.Therefore, can suitably maintain the size of impression, and carry out exactly hardness test.
The invention of recording according to technical scheme 2, operator can set testing position and should be given to the relation of the suitable test force of pressure head.
The invention of recording according to technical scheme 3, the relational expression of relation based on representing the hardness of testing position and test film, can be easily and suitably determine testing position and be given to the relation of the test force of pressure head.
The invention of recording according to technical scheme 4, can carry out depth survey to the cured layer being produced by the quenching of steel exactly.
The invention of recording according to technical scheme 5, the hardness of relation based on representing the hardness of the surperficial distance of steel from having been quenched and the steel of its position is passed curve, can be easily and suitably determine testing position and be given to the relation of the test force of pressure head.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the skeleton diagram of hardness tester involved in the present invention.
Fig. 2 carries out the synoptic diagram of the elevating mechanism of lifting to XY objective table 12.
Fig. 3 is the key diagram that is illustrated in the configuration of supported object lens of Nosepiece 20 etc.
Fig. 4 is for to pressure head 19 with pressure head 21 is given the mechanism loading of test force and for observing the synoptic diagram of the optical system of formed impression on test film 100.
Fig. 5 is that signal forms the key diagram of the situation pattern of impression on test film 100 by pressure head 21.
Fig. 6 is the vertical view that is illustrated in test film 100 formed impressions.
Fig. 7 illustrates the block diagram that this invents the main control system of related hardness tester.
Fig. 8 illustrates in order to utilize to quench the test film 100 of the steel of a part for formation gear to be cured layer depth measurement, forms the synoptic diagram of the state of impression.
Fig. 9 is the part enlarged drawing of Fig. 8.
Figure 10 illustrates the chart that hardness is passed curve.
Embodiment
Below, based on accompanying drawing, example of the present invention is described.Fig. 1 is the skeleton diagram of hardness tester involved in the present invention.Fig. 2 carries out the synoptic diagram of the lifter structure of lifting to XY objective table 12.
This hardness tester has platform 11 and is configured in XY objective table 12 on platform 11, conduct mounting test film 100.XY objective table 12 is for making test film 100 mobile at directions X (left and right directions of Fig. 1) and Y-direction (direction perpendicular to paper in Fig. 1).On this XY objective table 12, set up and be useful on motor 13 and the motor 14 for test film 100 is moved in Y-direction that test film 100 is moved at directions X.Again, by the effect of the elevating mechanism shown in Fig. 2, XY objective table 12 is the structure in above-below direction (Z direction) lifting.That is the support portion 51 of, supporting XY objective table 12 is supported by be formed with the Lift Part 52 of rack rails 53 in its side.Rack rails 53 on this Lift Part 52 is by the driving of motor 15 and pinion wheel 54 engagements that are rotated.Therefore, XY objective table 12 carries out lifting by the driving of motor 15.
Again, this hardness tester has for the eyepiece 16 by visualization test film 100; For the video camera 17 that test film 100 is photographed; The Nosepiece 20 that supports pressure head 21 and object lens 23,24 etc. and be rotated.This Nosepiece 20, by operation knob 26 or by the driving of the motor 30 narrated below, is rotated centered by the axle towards vertical.Again, this hardness tester has also the liquid crystal display part 59 of the touch screen type that can play a role as input part and display part.
Fig. 3 is the key diagram that is illustrated in the configuration of object lens supported on Nosepiece 20 etc.
On Nosepiece 20, dispose: be pressed into a pair of pressure head 19,21 that is positioned in the test film 100 on XY objective table 12; With the object lens 24 of 23,40 times, the object lens of 22,10 times, the object lens of 5 times and the object lens 25 of 100 times.On the circle that these pressure heads 19,21 and object lens 22,23,24,25 are configured in centered by the rotation center of Nosepiece 20.Do not limit multiplying power and the configuration number of object lens 22,23,24,25 again.
Referring again to Fig. 1, this Material Testing Machine with by for showing the display part 55 of CRT etc. of the surperficial picture of test film 100; As for inputting keyboard 57 and the mouse 58 of function of the input block of various data; And the computing machine 50 that main body 56 forms is connected.
Fig. 4 is for to pressure head 19 with pressure head 21 is given the mechanism loading of test force and for observing the synoptic diagram of the optical system of formed impression on test film 100.Again, Fig. 4 is illustrated in the cross section of the position representing with dot-and-dash line in Fig. 3.
This hardness tester has: for pressure head 19,21 being given to the mechanism loading of the test force that the top of pressure head 19,21 is pressed test film 100; The optical system of throwing light on and observing impression with test film 100 for to being loaded on XY objective table 12.
As shown in Figure 4, the beam barrel 27 of Nosepiece 20 is connected with turning axle 28 by bearing 29, by operation knob 26 or by narrating the driving of motor 30 below, centered by the turning axle 28 towards vertical, is rotated.Situation shown in Figure 4, to utilize the rotation of Nosepiece 20 to give test force by 36 pairs of pressure heads 21 of load transfer axle, that is, pressure head 21 is the situations that are configured in the position relative with test film shown in Figure 1 100.Pressure head 19 is given in the situation of test force, pressure head 19 is configured the position of pressure head shown in Figure 4 21.
Mechanism loading has the bar 32 that can shake centered by the axle 31 towards horizontal direction.In one end of bar 32, dispose the press section 35 of hollow.The formation of this press section 35 is to follow shaking of bar 32, to being attached to the abutting part 37 of the end of the load transfer axle 36 being connected with pressure head 21, presses.At the other end of bar 32, set up permanent magnet 33 again.Exterior arrangement at this permanent magnet 33 has solenoid 34.By this permanent magnet 33 and solenoid 34, form voice coil motor.This voice coil motor becomes the mechanism loading of electromagnetic type, and the electric current that it can pass through by being controlled at solenoid 34 is controlled the test force that utilizes the pressure head 21 on the top that is configured in load transfer axle 36 to apply to test film 100.
In this example, can make test force this moment change step by step with for example 2kgf, 1kgf, 0.5kgf, 0.3kgf, 0.2kgf, 0.1kgf, 0.05kgf, 0.025kgf, 0.01kgf again.
Optical system has: LED light source 41; Light cylinder 42 by from the photoconduction from LED light source 41 to horizontal direction; For test film 100 is thrown light on from above, by the light guiding by light cylinder 42, in press section, 35 hollow bulb carries out leaded light and makes seeing through the semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens 43 to video camera 17 sides from the surperficial reflected light of test film 100; Semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens 44 semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens 43, be separated into eyepiece 16 and video camera 17 from the surperficial reflected light of test film 100 will have been seen through.Object lens 22 are configured in the position of the load transfer axle 36 in Fig. 4, in the situation that the observation place of test film 100 formed impressions, hollow bulb, object lens 22, semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens 43,44 from the surperficial reflected light of test film 100 by press section 35 incide eyepiece 16 and video camera 17.Thus, can pass through the intensified image of eyepiece 16 viewing test sheets 100, and can photograph intensified image be presented at by video camera 17 to the display part 55 of computing machine 50. Other object lens 23,24,25 be configured in impression observation place situation also and same according to the situation of object lens 22.
Fig. 5 is that signal forms the key diagram of the situation of impression on test film 100 by pressure head 21, and Fig. 6 is the vertical view that is illustrated in formed impression on test film 100.
Here, test force is made as to F(N: in situation newton), following formula for vickers hardness hv (1) represents.
HV＝0．1891（F／d
2）…（1）
As another pressure head 19 in a pair of pressure head 19,21, for example, use the pressure head of the pyramid of the rhombus adopting in knoop's hardness test again.
Fig. 7 illustrates the block diagram that this invents the main control system of related hardness tester.
This hardness tester has the control part 80 of controlling installing integral body.This control part 80 and above-mentioned video camera 17, liquid crystal display part 59, LED light source 41, displacement detector 60, solenoid 34, computing machine 50, make Nosepiece 20 rotation motor 30 and the motor 13,14,15 that XY objective table 12 moves in X, Y, Z direction is connected.Further, as described later, this control part 80 is connected with the storage part 81 that the relation of the test force that testing position is given with pressure head 21 is stored.Again, replace this control part 80 to be configured in the apparatus main body of hardness tester, also this control part 80 can be configured in the main body 56 of computing machine 50.
Then,, to have the hardness tester of above such formation about use, the action while carrying out hardness test describes.In following example, about the action of the hardness test when forming the test film 100 of steel of a part for gear and utilizes the cured layer depth survey of quenching, describe.
Fig. 8 illustrates in order to utilize to quench the test film 100 of the steel of a part for formation gear to be cured layer depth measurement, forms the synoptic diagram of the state of impression.Again, Fig. 9 is the part enlarged drawing of Fig. 8.Again, the square of recording in these figure is illustrated in formed impression on test film 100.
Utilize to quench be cured layer depth and measure in the situation that, vertical its surface of test film 100 (solidified surface) S ground having been quenched is cut off, it is surperficial and using it as being examined surface that attrition process is cut off.For example, and (, in scope 1.5mm), formed impression on a pair of straight line based on perpendicular to surface, measures hardness successively, makes hardness pass curve according to these hardness in the distance D shown in Fig. 9.Here, the difference of the distance of the impression of each shown in Fig. 9 and surperficial S (L4-L3, L3-L2, L2-L1) is below 0.1mm.
About the test film 100 after quenching like this, near the surperficial S being quenched, test film hardening, again, is but deliquescing at the closed test sheet 100 of test film 100.Therefore, with certain test force to such test film 100 from the surperficial S side of test film 100 until carry out the situation of continuous hardness test inner position, along with testing position moves to the inside of test film, the size that produces impression becomes large such phenomenon.In the situation that produce such phenomenon, as described above, existence cannot be made as the Center Gap of impression the more than 3 times of catercorner length of impression, and again, impression exceeds the such problem in the visual field of object lens.
Therefore, in the hardness tester the present invention relates to, adopt following formation, by testing position with to be given to the relation of test force of pressure head 21 pre-stored in storage part 81, the testing position of control part 80 based on test film 100 is tested, read the test force that is stored in storage part 81, by control load mechanism, use read test force that pressure head 21 is pressed on test film 100.
Here, in the 1st example, the testing position being stored in storage part 81 is pre-entered by operator with the relation that is given to the test force of pressure head 21.That is, before operator starts hardness test, the test force to each testing position apart from this position of distance input of surperficial S.In this case, near the testing position surperficial S, input larger test force, more leave surperficial S and input less test force.This input is for example carried out with keyboard 57 and the mouse 58 of computing machine 50.Thus, in storage part 81 storage testing positions and the relation that is given to the test force of pressure head 21.
When carrying out hardness test, control part 80 is controlled the rotation of motor 13,14, so that XY objective table 12 moves in X-Y direction, test film 100 is moved in the testing position of test film 100 position relative with pressure head 21.And the testing position of control part 80 based on now, reads the test force being stored in storage part 81.Then, control part 80, by control load mechanism, is pressed into pressure head 21 on test film 100 with the test force of being read.Thus, can form the suitably impression of size to test film 100.
On the other hand, in the 2nd example, the relation that is stored in testing position in storage part 81 and is given to the test force of pressure head 21 is that the hardness passing curve based on as illustrating with the relational expression of the relation of the distance of surperficial S of test film 100 and the hardness of the test film of this position 100 decides.That is, when having a plurality of test films 100 of same formation to carry out continuously hardness test, can the hardness based on obtaining in advance pass curve, obtain the relation with the distance of surperficial S of test film 100 and the hardness of the test film of its position 100.
Figure 10 illustrates the chart that hardness is passed curve.
In the figure, the longitudinal axis represents vickers hardness hv, and transverse axis represents the distance (mm) with surface (solidified surface) S of test film 100.This hardness pass curve be based in Figure 10 with the measurement point shown in black square, for example, from 1, select the regression curve of 10 times, by least squqre approximation, make.This hardness is passed curve and in experiment in advance, is measured and make, and is stored in storage part 81.
In carrying out the 2nd example, hardness test in the situation that, control part 80 is controlled the rotation of motor 13,14, so that XY objective table 12 moves in X-Y direction, test film 100 is moved in the testing position of test film 100 position relative with pressure head 21.And the testing position of control part 80 based on now, passes curve according to the hardness of storage in storage part 81, obtains the imagination hardness of its position.Further, the test force (2kgf, 1kgf, 0.5kgf, 0.3kgf, 0.2kgf, 0.1kgf, 0.05kgf, 0.025kgf, 0.01kgf) that imagination hardness now and this hardness tester can be selected is input in above-mentioned formula (1), obtains catercorner length d now.And, the test force of the maximum catercorner length d in the visuals field in the catercorner length d that selects to obtain, the corresponding object lens that now enter use.Then, by the test force of obtaining, carry out hardness test like this.
According to the 2nd example, based on expression, from the hardness of the relation of the hardness of the surperficial distance of test film 100 by quenching and the test film 100 of its position, pass curve and decide test force, can easily and carry out exactly the setting of test force thus.
Again, in above-mentioned example, use and carried out utilizing the steel of the cured layer depth survey of quenching as test film 100, the relation of the hardness of the surperficial distance based on from test film 100 and the test film 100 of its position decides test force.But the present invention is not limited at such form.For example, to by solder joints the test film of mutual different metal carry out in the situation of hardness test continuously, each metal hardness is different, again, welding portion is less than metal part hardness especially.Under these circumstances, the present invention also can be suitable for, and can suitably maintain thus the size of impression, carries out exactly hardness test.
Symbol description
11 14 motor 17 video cameras
12XY objective table 15 motor 18 display parts
13 motor 16 eyepiece 19 pressure heads
20 Nosepiece 32 bar 54 pinion wheels
21 pressure head 33 permanent magnet 55 display parts
22 object lens 34 solenoid 56 main bodys
23 object lens 35 press section 57 keyboards
24 object lens 36 load transfer axle 58 mouses
25 object lens 38 bolt 59 liquid crystal display parts
26 knob 41LED light source 60 displacement detectors
27 beam barrel 42 light cylinder 61 leaf springs
28 turning axle 43 semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens 62 supporting members
29 bearing 44 semi-transparent semi-reflecting lens 63 supporting members
30 motor 50 computing machine 100 test films
31 axle 53 rack rails.
Claims (5)
1. a hardness tester, it has the mounting table of mounting test film; For the surface at described test film, form the pressure head of impression; By described pressure head being pressed in testing position, described test film is given the mechanism loading of test force to described pressure head and for observing the object lens at the formed impression in the surface of described test film, described hardness tester is characterised in that to have:
Store described testing position and the storage part of relation that is given to the test force of described pressure head; With
Control part, its testing position based on testing, reads the test force being stored in described storage part, by controlling described mechanism loading, with the test force of being read, described pressure head is pressed into described test film.
2. hardness tester as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the described testing position being stored in described storage part is pre-entered by operator with the relation that is given to described pressure head test force.
3. hardness tester as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the relational expression of relation that is stored in described testing position in described storage part and the relation that is given to the test force of described pressure head and is based on representing the hardness of described testing position and described test film decides.
4. the hardness tester as described in any one in claim 1-3, is characterized in that, described test film is to utilize to quench to be cured the steel that layer depth is measured.
5. hardness tester as claimed in claim 4, it is characterized in that, the described testing position being stored in described storage part decides based on hardness passing curve with the relation that is given to the test force of described pressure head, and described hardness is passed curve and represented and the relation of having carried out the surperficial distance of steel of described quenching and the hardness of the described steel of this position.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2012160275A JP5962287B2 (en) | 2012-07-19 | 2012-07-19 | Hardness testing machine |
| JP2012-160275 | 2012-07-19 |
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| CN103575604A true CN103575604A (en) | 2014-02-12 |
| CN103575604B CN103575604B (en) | 2015-11-18 |
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| CN201210351743.4A Active CN103575604B (en) | 2012-07-19 | 2012-09-19 | Hardness tester |
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| CN (1) | CN103575604B (en) |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| KR102212003B1 (en) * | 2014-01-06 | 2021-02-05 | 삼성전자주식회사 | Indenter and indenter module using the same |
| JP6468134B2 (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2019-02-13 | 株式会社島津製作所 | Hardness testing machine |
| CN105510164B (en) * | 2016-02-17 | 2018-08-14 | 徐州工程学院 | Portable microstructure observation and vickers hardness test all-in-one machine |
| CN108072578B (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2023-08-15 | 河南省计量科学研究院 | Barkholderia indentation hardness tester |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20040050149A1 (en) * | 2002-09-13 | 2004-03-18 | Akashi Corporation | Impression forming mechanism and method, and hardness testing apparatus and method |
| CN101470061A (en) * | 2007-12-26 | 2009-07-01 | 株式会社三丰 | Indentation testing instrument and indentation testing method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP3014087B2 (en) * | 1996-10-30 | 2000-02-28 | 株式会社島津製作所 | Indentation hardness tester |
| JP3826548B2 (en) * | 1998-03-06 | 2006-09-27 | 株式会社島津製作所 | Hardness meter with graph display function |
| JP4097338B2 (en) * | 1998-11-06 | 2008-06-11 | 株式会社ミツトヨ | Hardness testing machine |
| JP4250497B2 (en) * | 2003-10-09 | 2009-04-08 | 株式会社ミツトヨ | Hardness testing machine |
| JP4261418B2 (en) * | 2004-05-12 | 2009-04-30 | 株式会社ミツトヨ | Hardness tester and automatic hardness test method |
| JP5002493B2 (en) * | 2008-02-29 | 2012-08-15 | シチズンホールディングス株式会社 | Hardness meter |
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2012
- 2012-07-19 JP JP2012160275A patent/JP5962287B2/en active Active
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US20040050149A1 (en) * | 2002-09-13 | 2004-03-18 | Akashi Corporation | Impression forming mechanism and method, and hardness testing apparatus and method |
| CN101470061A (en) * | 2007-12-26 | 2009-07-01 | 株式会社三丰 | Indentation testing instrument and indentation testing method |
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| JP2014020943A (en) | 2014-02-03 |
| JP5962287B2 (en) | 2016-08-03 |
| CN103575604B (en) | 2015-11-18 |
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