CN103573529B - 水轮机 - Google Patents

水轮机 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103573529B
CN103573529B CN201310074235.0A CN201310074235A CN103573529B CN 103573529 B CN103573529 B CN 103573529B CN 201310074235 A CN201310074235 A CN 201310074235A CN 103573529 B CN103573529 B CN 103573529B
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blade
wheel disc
annular wheel
central shaft
hydraulic turbine
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CN103573529A (zh
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林东
黄长征
陈正瀚
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Hangzhou Linhuangding New Energy Technology Research Institute Co Ltd
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Hangzhou Linhuangding New Energy Technology Research Institute Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201310074235.0A priority Critical patent/CN103573529B/zh
Priority to US14/045,807 priority patent/US20140255160A1/en
Priority to GB1318498.1A priority patent/GB2511593A/en
Publication of CN103573529A publication Critical patent/CN103573529A/zh
Priority to KR1020147007542A priority patent/KR20140120881A/ko
Priority to PCT/CN2014/072871 priority patent/WO2014135073A1/zh
Priority to LU92485A priority patent/LU92485B1/xx
Priority to JP2015503753A priority patent/JP2015516535A/ja
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D1/00—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines
    • F01D1/02—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines with stationary working-fluid guiding means and bladed or like rotor, e.g. multi-bladed impulse steam turbines
    • F01D1/04—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines with stationary working-fluid guiding means and bladed or like rotor, e.g. multi-bladed impulse steam turbines traversed by the working-fluid substantially axially
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/26—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using tide energy
    • F03B13/264—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using tide energy using the horizontal flow of water resulting from tide movement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B17/00—Other machines or engines
    • F03B17/06—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head"
    • F03B17/062—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head" with rotation axis substantially at right angle to flow direction
    • F03B17/063—Other machines or engines using liquid flow with predominantly kinetic energy conversion, e.g. of swinging-flap type, "run-of-river", "ultra-low head" with rotation axis substantially at right angle to flow direction the flow engaging parts having no movement relative to the rotor during its rotation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/24—Rotors for turbines
    • F05B2240/244—Rotors for turbines of the cross-flow, e.g. Banki, Ossberger type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/30—Characteristics of rotor blades, i.e. of any element transforming dynamic fluid energy to or from rotational energy and being attached to a rotor
    • F05B2240/301—Cross-section characteristics
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient

Abstract

一种水轮机包括至少两个环形轮盘、中心轴、辐条和多个叶片；中心轴设置于所述环形轮盘的中心，所述中心轴的轴线方向垂直于所述环形轮盘的径向方向；辐条设置于环形轮盘和中心轴之间，且所述辐条沿环形轮盘的径向方向设置；多个叶片，环绕设于环形轮盘上；在一定的工况下，叶轮水轮机的效率和叶片的数量成正比的关系，叶片数量增多大大的提高工作效率。实用数据表明，采用该叶轮水轮机的发电装置效率是传统垂直轴发电装置效率的1.4—1.5倍；另外利用空心主轴自身浮力，减少了叶轮水轮机和轴承的摩擦力，有效提高了工作效率；适合往复水流，且具有各种流速下的自启动能力。

Description

水轮机
技术领域
本发明涉及一种水轮机。
背景技术
现有技术的潮流水轮机，主要借鉴了风能发电的技术，分为两个类型：一类是水平轴水轮机的叶轮为三叶片或两叶片的，一般没有巨大的导流罩，但效率普遍低下；一类是借鉴垂直轴的风力发电叶轮，该水轮机叶轮的叶片数基本是三到五个叶片，也有十多个叶片的水轮机叶轮，基本上是个传统双击式叶轮，效率比水平轴的三叶片水轮机叶轮稍微高一些，但要加上庞大的导流罩。
现今能源日益短缺，温室效应日益严重，能源日益必须低碳化，所以风能，海洋能（包含潮汐能、潮流能、海浪能、洋流能）等清洁能源是未来能源的发展方向。但现在这些清洁能源的发电设备，除了风能利用比较成熟外，海洋能的利用还都是在起步阶段，没有通用和成熟的设备，设备不能大规模化，效率低下，仍没有达到完全令人满意的水平。
发明内容
本发明针对现有技术的不足，提供了一种多叶片高效率的水轮机。
为实现上述目的，本发明可采取下述技术方案：一种水轮机包括至少两个环形轮盘、中心轴、辐条和多个叶片；中心轴设置于所述环形轮盘的中心，所述中心轴的轴线方向垂直于所述环形轮盘的径向方向；辐条设置于环形轮盘和中心轴之间，且所述辐条沿环形轮盘的径向方向设置；多个叶片，环绕设于环形轮盘上；叶片数量最少为28片，最多为环形轮盘外径圆周长的厘米数的整数；所述叶片为弧形，所有叶片弧长的总和为环形轮盘外径圆周长的0.85-2倍之间，叶片中点到两个端点的线段夹角构成叶片夹角，所述叶片夹角在100-170度之间；叶片的最大弦长线与过叶片外端点的环形轮盘半径线的夹角为叶片安装角，所述叶片安装角在15-75度之间。
作为优选，所述中心轴为空心轴。
作为优选，所述水轮机还包括两个盖板，所述两个盖板分别设置于所述两个环形轮盘背对所述叶片的一侧。
本发明的有益效果在于：在一定的工况下，叶轮水轮机的效率和叶片的数量成正比的关系，叶片数量增多大大的提高工作效率。实用数据表明，采用该叶轮水轮机的发电装置效率是传统垂直轴发电装置效率的1.4—1.5倍；另外利用空心主轴自身浮力，减少了叶轮水轮机和轴承的摩擦力，有效提高了工作效率；适合往复水流，且具有各种流速下的自启动能力。
附图说明
图1为本发明的叶轮水轮机主视图。
图2为本发明的叶轮水轮机俯视图。
图3为本发明的叶片夹角结构示意图。
图4为本发明的叶片安装角结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为了使本技术领域的人员更好的理解本发明方案，下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整的描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都应当属于本发明保护的范围。
下面参照附图说明本发明的实施方式。一种水轮机包括中心轴1和环形轮盘2，中心轴1安装于环形轮盘的中心，中心轴的轴线方向垂直于所述环形轮盘的径向方向，环形轮盘和中心轴之间安装有辐条3，且辐条3沿环形轮盘的径向方向设置；多个叶片4，固定安装于环形轮盘上，叶片与中心轴平行，如果水轮机的叶片较长，根据实际需要可以沿空心轴的轴向均布多个环形轮盘3，环形轮盘3之间环绕设置有多个叶片4，即把较长叶片分割成较短的通过多个环形轮盘3连成一个整体，这样可以增加牢固度；叶片数量最少为28片，最多为环形轮盘外径圆周长的厘米数的整数，例如环形轮盘外径周长为98.3或98.8cm，其叶片数量均可为98片，叶片为弧形，所有叶片弧长的总和为环形轮盘外径圆周长的0.85-2倍之间，叶片夹角A为叶片中点到两个端点的线段构成的夹角（如图3所示），所述叶片夹角A大于等于100，小于等于170度，叶片安装角B角为叶片的弦线与过叶片外端点的环形轮盘外径间的夹角（如图4所示），其中叶片安装角大于等于15度，小于等于75度，在实施中，叶片安装角可以选用15、45、60度等。
在一定的工况下，叶轮水轮机的效率和叶片的数量成正比的关系，大大的提高效率。实用数据表明，采用该叶轮水轮机的发电装置效率是传统垂直轴发电装置效率的1.4—1.5倍；另外利用空心主轴自身浮力，减少了叶轮水轮机和轴承的摩擦力，有效提高了工作效率；适合往复水流，且具有各种流速下的自启动能力。
于本实施例中，水轮机还包括两个盖板5，两个盖板5分别设置于两个环形轮盘2背对叶片4的一侧。如图1所示，盖板5分别位于上面环形轮盘2的上方和位于下面环形轮盘2的下方。通过设置盖板5，可以有效地防止水流由上方和下方从中心轴1和环形轮盘2的空隙进入，从而保障水轮机的工作效率。

Claims (3)

1.水轮机，适用于海洋能发电，其特征在于，包括：
多个环形轮盘；
中心轴，设置于所述环形轮盘的中心，所述中心轴的轴线方向垂直于所述环形轮盘的径向方向；
辐条，设置于环形轮盘和中心轴之间，且所述辐条沿环形轮盘的径向方向设置；
多个叶片，环绕设于环形轮盘上；叶片数量最少为28 片，最多为环形轮盘外径圆周长的厘米数的整数；所述叶片为弧形，所有叶片弧长的总和为环形轮盘外径圆周长的0.85-2倍之间，叶片中点到两个端点的线段夹角构成叶片夹角，所述叶片夹角在100-170 度之间；叶片的最大弦长线与过叶片外端点的环形轮盘半径线的夹角为叶片安装角，所述叶片安装角在15-75度，所述多个环形轮盘沿中心轴的轴向分布以分割叶片。
2.根据权利要求1 所述的水轮机，其特征在于：所述中心轴为空心轴。
3.根据权利要求1 所述的水轮机，其特征在于：还包括两个盖板，所述两个盖板分别设置于最上方和最下方的环形轮盘背对所述叶片的一侧。
CN201310074235.0A 2012-08-01 2013-03-08 水轮机 Active CN103573529B (zh)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201310074235.0A CN103573529B (zh) 2012-08-01 2013-03-08 水轮机
US14/045,807 US20140255160A1 (en) 2013-03-08 2013-10-04 Hydro Turbine
GB1318498.1A GB2511593A (en) 2013-03-08 2013-10-18 Hydro Turbine
KR1020147007542A KR20140120881A (ko) 2013-03-08 2014-03-04 수력발전 터빈
PCT/CN2014/072871 WO2014135073A1 (zh) 2013-03-08 2014-03-04 水轮机
LU92485A LU92485B1 (en) 2013-03-08 2014-03-04 A method of utility-based radio resource allocation in OFDMA systems
JP2015503753A JP2015516535A (ja) 2013-03-08 2014-03-04 水力タービン

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CN201210270331.8 2012-08-01
CN201210270331 2012-08-01
CN2012102703318 2012-08-01
CN201310074235.0A CN103573529B (zh) 2012-08-01 2013-03-08 水轮机

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CN103573529B true CN103573529B (zh) 2017-06-13

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US (1) US20140255160A1 (zh)
JP (1) JP2015516535A (zh)
KR (1) KR20140120881A (zh)
CN (1) CN103573529B (zh)
GB (1) GB2511593A (zh)
LU (1) LU92485B1 (zh)
WO (1) WO2014135073A1 (zh)

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LU92485B1 (en) 2014-10-16
GB2511593A (en) 2014-09-10
JP2015516535A (ja) 2015-06-11
GB201318498D0 (en) 2013-12-04
KR20140120881A (ko) 2014-10-14
CN103573529A (zh) 2014-02-12
US20140255160A1 (en) 2014-09-11
WO2014135073A1 (zh) 2014-09-12

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