CN103571984A - Method for smelting iron through raw coal - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for smelting iron through raw coal. The method comprises the following steps: taking iron ore as the main raw material, raw coal as the fuel, and limestone as a solvent; adding the main raw material, the fuel and the solvent to a blast furnace; blowing in hot air through an air port formed below the blast furnace; injecting coal, oil or gas serving as an injection material into the main raw material in the blast furnace; enabling the carbon in the bunker coal and the carbon in the injection material to burn to generate carbon monoxide; performing reduction reaction to the carbon monoxide and oxygen in the iron ore serving as the main raw material, thus obtaining iron and molten iron. By adopting the method, the cost can be greatly decreased to about 25 to 30%; the raw production system is reformed, the gas is utilized, and thus the whole production reaches circular economy and realizes non-pollution emission.
Description
The invention discloses a kind of method by raw coal smelt iron, the method comprises: with iron ore, be body material, raw coal is fuel, and Wingdale is solvent, and described body material, fuel and solvent are joined in blast furnace; By the air port arranging under blast furnace, be blown into hot blast; With coal, oil or coal gas, as injection material, be injected in the body material in blast furnace; Carbon in bunker coal and the carbon burning in injection material generate carbon monoxide, and the oxygen reduction reaction in carbon monoxide and body material iron ore, obtains iron and molten iron.The present invention can significantly reduce costs, and is about 25%---30%; Due to the transformation to original production system, the utilization to coal gas, is that integral production becomes recycling economy, is integral production non-pollution discharge simultaneously.
One. the effect that raw coal plays in steelmaking furnace
A. raw coal a series of processes in smelting furnace: raw coal enters the inherent furnace throat of stove. furnace bosh upper semisection, through anaerobic heating, has just formed tar coal gas and semicoke.Tar coal gas discharges out of the furnace, and through a series of flow processs, carries out gas-oil separation, and a part is melted down combustion-supporting.Semicoke in stove, provide heat and a series of reduction reaction (the same with coke property.)
B. the semicoke in blast furnace (blue charcoal) is the main fuel of smelting furnace, and the effect that it plays in smelting process is:
1. thermal source: burn before air port.
2. reductive agent; When generation reducing gas is so as to reducing iron ore, also directly reduction with carbon.
3. skeleton function: make it to form suitable space at stove inner support furnace charge, reducing gas and melts are flowed sleekly.
4. pig iron composition: a part of carbon will absorb for the pig iron.
C. advantage
1. raw coal smelting and coke smelting phase specific energy reduce costs greatly.
2. reduce this procedure of coking coal coke, greatly reduced the pollution level of environment.
3. particularly the fixed carbon of gasification of coal is high for semicoke (blue charcoal). and sulphur phosphorus spy is low, and within anhydrous minute, dynamics is little and even, conforms to the high request of smelting fuel.
4. tar coal gas can obtain the technology of high wind-warm syndrome, can meet the needs of blast furnace to 1200 ℃ of high rheumatism.
D. shortcoming
It is half defocused lower with respect to coke strength that raw coal forms in blast furnace.But can overcome this problem after the improvement by schedule of operation and apparatus and process flow process.If add upside-down mounting ratio, central coke, expands air port, increases tuyere angle.
Two. use the improvement of the method major equipment of raw coal smelt iron
Blast furnace gas is the byproduct of blast-furnace smelting, is the main fuel of hotblast stove.Raw coal is smelted, and contains a large amount of tar coal gas, so must carry out stove dirt, coal gas, gas-oil separation in blast furnace gas.
Medium and small blast furnace, to the widespread use of dry-method bag-type dust collecting device, smelted but this method is not suitable for raw coal the gas purification producing in the last few years.Raw coal is smelted gas purification must adopt wet dedusting, electric precipitation.
A. downtake improves: coal gas discharges out of the furnace and prevents that temperature from declining too fast and forming stove dirt, and the adhesive that tar mixes is stopped up downtake, so downtake changes double-layer cavity formula into, passes into hot water or steam is incubated.
B. washing tower: gravitational precipitator is improved to open core type washing tower.Main Function, for cooling, is given a dinner of welcome, washing oil.Coal gas is after washing tower, and temperature is reduced to below 40 ℃, by temperature head, the part oil gas in coal gas is become to tar and stove dirt like this and is discharged to together that in sewage lagoon, to carry out oil, water, dirt separated.This is first dedusting.
C. gas-oil separation: by electrostatic precipitator structure of modification.Its principle of work is: under highfield effect, in gas, a small amount of free unbound electron is accelerated, obtains after certain energy, clashes into molecule out-shell electron, after the unbound electron being knocked out is accelerated, clashes into again other molecule out-shell electrons.Along with high pressure raises, two interpolar unbound electrons increase sharply.The anisotropy hypervelocity motion separately of positive ion and unbound electron, forms secondary current.This image is molecular ionization.
When coal gas passes through the space, the two poles of the earth in ionization of gas state, dust in gas and tar particles and electronic impact rub examine in process, be forced to charged, because ionization occurs over just in the less strong electric field region of negative pole distance, therefore positively charged amount of ions is attracted to flow to negative pole by negative pole.Positive ion flow area only accounts for a seldom part of whole interelectrode space, and accelerate free electron quantity is large and will flow to anodal (receiving electrode) by whole interpolar.The flow area of electronics accounts for the area of whole interpolar 99%, therefore the most of bear electricity of dust and tar particles in gas and flow to anodal (receiving electrode), charged dust and tar particles reach in receiving electrode and after be collected, under the effect of gravity, waterpower, fall.
D. sewage lagoon: according to the proportion of stove dirt, the proportion of oil, the proportion of water and the feature of temperature variation, can Jiang Shui, oil, stove dirt is separated.Build staged sewage lagoon, by controlling water temperature, precipitate about 8 hours, be divided into four levels in pond, bottom is stove dirt, and middle level is heavy oil, and face waterborne is light oil.With slush pump, floor grate dirt is extracted out, with sump pump, by heavy oil, light oil is extracted out.
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method by raw coal smelt iron, relate in particular to a kind of production method of blast-furnace smelting iron.
Background technology
In recent years, particularly, since " 15 ", steel production in China is advanced by leaps and bounds, and after within 1996, iron and steel output is broken through 100,000,000 tons, between 10 years, pig iron output has been turned over twice, occupies first place in the world.Within 2005, China's pig iron output has reached 3.3040 hundred million tons, considerably beyond world steel big country historical high output, becomes world steel and produces the first big country.The changing conditions of 2001～2005 years production and technical indications of China's blast furnace ironmaking is as shown in table 1
Table 1
2005,5,000,000 tons of above its production and technical indications of enterprise of China's pig iron output obtain marked improvement (if table 2 is China's Some Enterprises blast furnace economic and technical norms in 2005), take Baosteel as representative, and its ironmaking part economic and technical norms reach or have approached international most advanced level.
Table 2
China's blast furnace production each side has obtained marked improvement, but at aspects such as resource and energy utilization rate, blast furnace maximization, raising industrial concentration and environmental protection, also there is a big difference, needs further to be improved, and makes great efforts to make the country prosperous and stride forward to iron and steel.
1 rationally utilizes ore resource
China's iron ore deposit is not enough, and Iron industry must rely on domestic ore deposit and two kinds, import ore deposit resource.Tenth Five-Year Plan Period two kinds of ore resource consumption in Table 4:
Table 4
| Time | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 |
| Pig iron output | 1.5554 | 1.6908 | 2.0231 | 2.5185 | 3.304 |
| Self-produced iron ore | 2.1701 | 2.3262 | 2.6272 | 3.113 | 4.205 |
| Imported iron ore stone | 0.9231 | 1.1149 | 1.4813 | 2.0809 | 2.7256 |
For reducing ore purchase cost, should expand the buying scope in import ore deposit, can purchase the Ore Imported that some grades are relatively low, price is comparatively moderate, match with domestic ore deposit, produce agglomerate and the pellet of high-quality.
In order to tackle the impact of foreign ore price increase, solve the Stress of ore supply simultaneously, should research and develop energetically domestic ore resource.Anshan iron and steel plant adopts the beneficiation new process such as poor red (magnetic) iron ore fine grinding of autonomous property right exploitation, dark mill, and concentrate grade is brought up to more than 68%, and ironmaking production has been obtained breakthrough.
2 improve energy utilization rate
Improving energy utilization rate, reducing energy consumption is the ironmaking production most important thing.Within 2005, China key enterprise average energy consumption of Iron-smelting is 450.79kg standard coal/ton, than the high 20～100kg standard coal/ton of international most advanced level.
Reduce energetically fuel ratio
The consumption of blast furnace ton iron energy consumption comprises fuel, power (wind, water, vapour, pressurized air) and electricity, and fuel consumption accounts for 82% left and right, and wherein coke and coal dust account for 75% left and right.Therefore, improve energy utilization rate, reduce energy consumption, must on reduction fuel ratio, make an effort, key is to reduce ratio of putting coke into furnace and strengthen injecting coal quantity, its utilization ratio of corresponding raising simultaneously.
Blast furnace fuel is Finland and Sweden than minimum country in the world, is respectively 439kg/t and 457kg/t.China's blast furnace average fuel in 2005 is than being 536kg/t (best is Baosteel and Shoudu Iron and Steel Co, has reached respectively 483kg/t and 470kg/t), than the maximum disparity of the blast furnace production of the high 100～120kg/t ，Zhe Shi of international most advanced level China and world level.
Ratio of putting coke into furnace is the important component part of fuel ratio, and international advanced blast furnace coke ratio is below 300kg/t.Within 2005, China key enterprise annual coke ratio is 412kg/t, and Baosteel coke ratio is 282kg/t, reaches world-class levels.
The main path that reduces fuel ratio is as follows:
(1) adopt fine fodder
Fine fodder plays a decisive role to reducing fuel ratio, and the key of fine fodder is to improve into stove ore grade.In recent years, the most of enterprise of China ore grade can reach 57%～59%, can reach individually 60% (Finland's blast furnace can reach 65%), and the quantity of slag generally drops to below 350kg/t.Therefore, reduce fuel ratio, must make great efforts to improve into stove ore grade.Require TFe > 58%, the blast furnace quantity of slag drops to below 300kg/t.The usage quantity etc. that improving ore grade can be by technique of preparing, improve burden structure, increase pelletizing and natural rich ore realizes.
Another importance of fine fodder is especially to pay attention to coke quality.The ash content of coke and coal dust is answered < 12%, Indexes on Coke Strength M40 > 80%, M10 < 7%, CSR > 60%, CRI < 25%.For blast furnace more than 2000m3, also should be better than These parameters.
(2) carry high air temperature
Blast furnace air temperature is just the important indicator of weighing energy Conservation of Blast Furnace.Wind-warm syndrome is low is just difficult to reach low-fuel ratio and high coal ejection ratio.Within 2005, the national key enterprise average wind-warm syndrome of blast furnace is 1084 ℃, and blast furnace of Baoshan Iron & Steel Co. wind-warm syndrome (1229 ℃) has reached international most advanced level.Wind-warm syndrome reaches 1100 ℃ of above enterprises and only has 16.In August, 2006, the average wind-warm syndrome of Report of Ironmaking Production in Anshan I & S Co head factory blast furnace reaches 1103 ℃, and new No. 1 blast furnace reaches 1199 ℃.
Should see, China's blast furnace air temperature level is compared the gap that also has 100～150 ℃ with international most advanced level, and minority enterprise blast furnace air temperature is low-level in 800～900 ℃ also.
The highest wind-warm syndrome of blast furnace is 1300～1320 ℃ in the world, and Chinese large-sized blast furnace air temperature makes every effort to reach more than 1200 ℃, and except blast furnace of Baoshan Iron & Steel Co., really reach 1200 ℃ of above high wind-warm syndrome still needs effort at present.
The measure that improves wind-warm syndrome (1200 ℃ of >) is many-sided.Baosteel adopts outside combustion stove (4), and wind-warm syndrome remains on 1250 ℃ of left and right throughout the year.Design and practice shows, outside combustion stove and Cowper stove all can obtain 1200 ℃ of above high wind-warm syndrome, and key is to improve the calorific value of Combustion of Hot Air Furnace coal gas.General blast-furnace roasting caloric power of gas only has 3000kJ/m3 left and right, although have coal gas and combustion air have been carried out to two preheatings, hotblast stove dome temperature only has 1300～1350 ℃, is difficult to reach the demands of 1200 ℃ of above high wind-warm syndrome.In the situation that coke-oven gas lacks, the approach that improves Combustion of Hot Air Furnace caloric power of gas has: take oxygen enriched blast or mix and burn part high heating value gas, every 1% oxygen enrichment percentage, can improve coal gas calorific value 146kJ/m3; Coal gas of converter calorific value is about 7500kJ/m3, and by coal gas of converter heat supply wind furnace, Combustion of Hot Air Furnace caloric power of gas can be brought up to 3400kJ/m3; Set up hotblast stove additional preheating system, carry out the two preheatings of coal gas and combustion air.The newly-built large blast furnace of Anshan iron and steel plant is attached has built several small-sized top ignition preheating ovens, and hot combustion air and coal gas are carried out to two preheatings, and effect is better.
(3) strengthening coal powder injection
The comparison of raising pulverized coal injection is fallen Jiao and is played direct effect.The Coal Injection Rate at BF average out to 124kg/t of China key enterprise in 2005, blast furnace of Baoshan Iron & Steel Co. coal ejection ratio surpasses 200kg/t, in world lead level.But should see, China's pulverized coal injection level is still uneven, and a lot of enterprises Coal Injection Rate at BF is also in the following lower level of 100kg/t.
Improve coal ejection ratio directly related with coal, injection method, oxygen enrichment level, Under Different Concentrate Supplementing Level etc., be closely related especially with wind-warm syndrome.Blast furnace of Baoshan Iron & Steel Co. coal powder injection specific energy reaches 200kg/t and its high wind-warm syndrome of 1250 ℃ has direct relation.Improve wind-warm syndrome and be conducive to improve coal ejection ratio and coal dust utilization ratio, effectively reduce fuel ratio, and low wind-warm syndrome, high coal ejection ratio tend to make fuel ratio to raise (at other smelting condition one regularly, high coal ejection ratio, low wind-warm syndrome operation can make unburned coal powder increase, when coal ejection ratio is 130kg/t, in stove dirt, carbon is only 13%; When coal ratio is brought up to 165kg/t and 190kg/t, in stove dirt, carbon can be elevated to 38% and 50%).Production practice show, under low wind-warm syndrome condition, and when coal ratio is greater than 150kg/t, every raising 10kg/t, the fuel ratio 2kg/t left and right that will raise.Therefore,, during the operation of big coal injection ratio, must improve as far as possible wind-warm syndrome (or oxygen enrichment), to improve coal ejection ratio and utilization ratio thereof.
The recovery of secondary energy and utilization
(1) develop a circular economy
Developing a circular economy is the Iron and Steel Production indispensable measure of making the country prosperous.The steel production enterprise of take is built the recycle system as core: inflammable gas recovery of circulatory system, from coal, coke equal energy source, put into comprehensively recyling of blast furnace, converter, coke-oven gas; Process water recycle system ，Cong enterprise supplements new water to production process water, reclaims, processes industrial sewage to substitute new water, realizes water resources and reuses; The solid and gas waste recycle system, the production whole process of putting into steel products from raw materials such as iron ores, realizes solid waste and comprehensively recyles.
The Steel Plant of 1,000 ten thousand t/a, if the coal gas that blast furnace, converter, coke oven are produced all reclaims, except being the power station of 1,200,000 kW for installed capacity, also can be to social air feed; The solid waste producing in production process is except oneself reclaiming containing Fe part, and all the other can meet a raw materials requirement of producing 3000000 t cement mill per year.
(2) development dry gas cleaning
Above (maximum 2660m3) blast furnace of China 1000m3 adopts dry gas cleaning method to obtain good effect.Laigang 1880m3 blast furnace adopts dry gas cleaning method to obtain following effect: 1 gas quality is good, dust-laden < 3mg/m3; 2 is energy-conservation, and after dedusting, coal gas medial temperature is 140 ℃, higher 100 ℃ than wet dedusting, for boiler, hotblast stove heating, can save coal gas and improve 50 ℃ of left and right of wind-warm syndrome, and improving TRT generated energy more than 30%; 3 water savings, daily water consumption is only 4～6m3; 4 economize on electricitys, wet dedusting power consumption is 6.2kWh/t, and dry gas cleaning method only has 0.3kWh/t; 5 reduce the generation of sewage, are conducive to environmental protection.
(3) recovery waste heat, complementary energy, waste material
In Iron and Steel Production, can produce the concomitant products such as a large amount of waste residues, dust, gas, can approximately reach 40% left and right for the secondary energy of recycling.China compares with Foreign Advanced Lerel at aspects such as the circulation of resource, the energy and efficient utilizations that there is a big difference, and energy consumption is higher by 15%～20% than developed country, so recovery waste heat, complementary energy, waste material work can not loosen.Should accomplish: TRT facility should be synchronizeed and go into operation with blast furnace; Carry out the work of Gas In Iron And Steel Works balance, avoid coal gas diffusion; Reclaim exhaust gas of hot-blast stove waste heat; Reclaim dust for SINTERING PRODUCTION; Slag as cement raw material, avoids putting dry slag after shrend.
Alleviate environment dirt
Dye ironmaking production and can produce a large amount of solid, liquid, gas waste, contaminate environment and HUMAN HEALTH.For a long time, Iron and Steel Enterprises in China is controlled and has been done a large amount of fruitful work environment, and using efforts at environmental protection as one of top priority.The a collection of enterprises such as Baosteel, Ji steel, Laigang have realized the closed cycle of the pollutents such as the dirt mud, slag, water, coal gas, afterheat steam of enterprise.National key enterprise coke oven gas discharge rate in 2005 is that 5.26% ，You35Jia enterprise has realized zero release.For the pollution that further controls environment, some enterprises have proposed " three " (design simultaneously, construction simultaneously and simultaneously produce) and " three is the same " (environmental protection equipment and production unit accomplish equally the same safeguard, equally overhaul and the same Improvement) simultaneously, for further alleviating environmental pollution, provide guarantee.
Current, China's ironmaking production should make great efforts how research makes rational use of resources, the energy and the pollution that controls environment, improve the key subjects such as resource and efficiency of energy utilization, make that ironmaking production is efficient, joint burnt (fuel), energy-conservation, water saving, environmental protection, high-quality and longevity, realize China's blast furnace ironmaking and produce the large and strong objective of the struggle.
In sum, we know, current existing ironmaking technology main raw material is iron ore, coke (blue charcoal), solvent lime stone, fly-ash separator is mainly fiber bag precipitator, and iron ore grade is had relatively high expectations.
Summary of the invention
For solving the problem and blemish of above-mentioned middle existence, the invention provides a kind of method by raw coal smelt iron.Described technical scheme is as follows:
Method by raw coal smelt iron, comprising:
One. the effect that raw coal plays in steelmaking furnace
A. raw coal a series of processes in smelting furnace: raw coal enters the inherent furnace throat of stove. furnace bosh upper semisection, through anaerobic heating, has just formed tar coal gas and semicoke.Tar coal gas discharges out of the furnace, and through a series of flow processs, carries out gas-oil separation, and a part is melted down combustion-supporting.Semicoke in stove, provide heat and a series of reduction reaction (the same with coke property.)
B. the semicoke in blast furnace (blue charcoal) is the main fuel of smelting furnace, and the effect that it plays in smelting process is:
1. thermal source: burn before air port.
2. reductive agent; When generation reducing gas is so as to reducing iron ore, also directly reduction with carbon.
3. skeleton function: make it to form suitable space at stove inner support furnace charge, reducing gas and melts are flowed sleekly.
4. pig iron composition: a part of carbon will absorb for the pig iron.
C. advantage
1. raw coal smelting and coke smelting phase specific energy reduce costs greatly.
2. reduce this procedure of coking coal coke, greatly reduced the pollution level of environment.
3. particularly the fixed carbon of gasification of coal is high for semicoke (blue charcoal). and sulphur phosphorus spy is low, and within anhydrous minute, dynamics is little and even, conforms to the high request of smelting fuel.
4. tar coal gas can obtain the technology of high wind-warm syndrome, can meet the needs of blast furnace to 1200 ℃ of high rheumatism.
D. shortcoming
It is half defocused lower with respect to coke strength that raw coal forms in blast furnace.But can overcome this problem after the improvement by schedule of operation and apparatus and process flow process.If add upside-down mounting ratio, central coke, expands air port, increases tuyere angle.
Two. use the improvement of the method major equipment of raw coal smelt iron
Blast furnace gas is the byproduct of blast-furnace smelting, is the main fuel of hotblast stove.Raw coal is smelted, and contains a large amount of tar coal gas, so must carry out stove dirt, coal gas, gas-oil separation in blast furnace gas.
Medium and small blast furnace, to the widespread use of dry-method bag-type dust collecting device, smelted but this method is not suitable for raw coal the gas purification producing in the last few years.Raw coal is smelted gas purification must adopt wet dedusting, electric precipitation.
A. downtake improves: coal gas discharges out of the furnace and prevents that temperature from declining too fast and forming stove dirt, and the adhesive that tar mixes is stopped up downtake, so downtake changes double-layer cavity formula into, passes into hot water or steam is incubated.
B. washing tower: gravitational precipitator is improved to open core type washing tower.Main Function, for cooling, is given a dinner of welcome, washing oil.Coal gas is after washing tower, and temperature is reduced to below 40 ℃, by temperature head, the part oil gas in coal gas is become to tar and stove dirt like this and is discharged to together that in sewage lagoon, to carry out oil, water, dirt separated.This is first dedusting.
C. oil-gas separator: by electrostatic precipitator structure of modification.Its principle of work is: under highfield effect, in gas, a small amount of free unbound electron is accelerated, obtains after certain energy, clashes into molecule out-shell electron, after the unbound electron being knocked out is accelerated, clashes into again other molecule out-shell electrons.Along with high pressure raises, two interpolar unbound electrons increase sharply.The anisotropy hypervelocity motion separately of positive ion and unbound electron, forms secondary current.This image is molecular ionization.
When coal gas passes through the space, the two poles of the earth in ionization of gas state, dust in gas and tar particles and electronic impact rub examine in process, be forced to charged, because ionization occurs over just in the less strong electric field region of negative pole distance, therefore positively charged amount of ions is attracted to flow to negative pole by negative pole.Positive ion flow area only accounts for a seldom part of whole interelectrode space, and accelerate free electron quantity is large and will flow to anodal (receiving electrode) by whole interpolar.The flow area of electronics accounts for the area of whole interpolar 99%, therefore the most of bear electricity of dust and tar particles in gas and flow to anodal (receiving electrode), charged dust and tar particles reach in receiving electrode and after be collected, under the effect of gravity, waterpower, fall.
D. sewage lagoon: according to the proportion of stove dirt, the proportion of oil, the proportion of water and the feature of temperature variation, can Jiang Shui, oil, stove dirt is separated.Build staged sewage lagoon, by controlling water temperature, precipitate about 8 hours, be divided into four levels in pond, bottom is stove dirt, and middle level is heavy oil, and face waterborne is light oil.With slush pump, floor grate dirt is extracted out, with sump pump, by heavy oil, light oil is extracted out.
The beneficial effect of technical scheme provided by the invention is:
Can significantly reduce costs, be about 25%---30%.
Owing to having used raw coal, at electric precipitation, discharge a kind of high-strength adhesive thing, this binding is developed a kind of suitable binder for making formed coke.
Because raw coal sulfur-bearing is low, greatly reduce the discharge of sulfurous gas
The tackiness agent that electric precipitation produces, can make fine coal be utilized greatly, produces the generating of moulded coal ，Wei power plant and utilizes, and has so just greatly lowered cost of electricity-generating, is that whole smelting becomes recycling economy.
Due to the recycling economy of industry, from but whole industry non-pollution discharge.
Accompanying drawing explanation
A kind of method flow diagram by raw coal smelt iron of Fig. 1.
Embodiment
For making the object, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, embodiment of the present invention is described further in detail:
This example provides a kind of method by raw coal smelt iron, and the raw material of blast-furnace smelting mainly contains iron ore, fuel raw coal and solvent Wingdale three parts and forms.Referring to Fig. 1, the idiographic flow of its blast-furnace smelting comprises:
From furnace roof, constantly pack iron ore, raw coal, solvent Wingdale into, from bottom house, blow into cold wind, cold wind blows into hot blast in blast furnace by blast funnace hot blast stove and from blast-furnace tuyere, sprays into the fuel such as oil, coal or coal gas.Packing the iron ore in blast furnace into, is mainly the compound of iron and oxygen.At high temperature, in raw coal, with carbon and the carbon burning generation carbon monoxide of coal powder injection station coal powder injection kind, the oxygen in iron ore is captured out, obtain iron, this process is called reduction.Iron ore is produced the pig iron by reduction reaction, and molten iron is emitted from iron notch.The Wingdale equal solvent of ash content in gangue in iron ore, raw coal and injection material within adding stove is combined and generated slag, from iron notch and slag notch, discharges respectively.Coal gas is derived from furnace roof, after electric precipitation, as industrial coal gas.When electric precipitation, also discharge a kind of high-strength adhesive thing, this binding is developed a kind of suitable binder for making formed coke.
Conventionally smelting 1 ton of pig iron needs 1.5---2.0 ton iron ore, 1.2---1.4 ton raw coal, 0.2----0.4 ton solvent, amounts to and needs 2----3 ton raw material.
The above; be only the present invention's embodiment preferably, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited to this, is anyly familiar with in technical scope that those skilled in the art disclose in the present invention; the variation that can expect easily or replacement, within all should being encompassed in protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain of claim.
Claims (2)
1. by a method for raw coal smelt iron, it is characterized in that, the method comprises: with iron ore, be body material, raw coal is fuel, and Wingdale is solvent, and described body material, fuel and solvent are joined in blast furnace; By the air port arranging under blast furnace, be blown into hot blast; With coal, oil or coal gas, as injection material, be injected in the body material in blast furnace; Carbon in bunker coal and the carbon burning in injection material generate carbon monoxide, and the oxygen reduction reaction in carbon monoxide and body material iron ore, obtains iron and molten iron.
Raw coal is a series of processes in smelting furnace: raw coal enters the inherent furnace throat of stove, furnace bosh upper semisection, through anaerobic heating, has just formed tar coal gas and semicoke.Tar coal gas discharges out of the furnace, and through a series of flow processs, carries out gas-oil separation, and a part is melted down combustion-supporting.Semicoke provides heat and a series of reduction reaction (the same with coke property) in stove.
Blast furnace throat is 100 ℃-1100 ℃ to the gas temperature in furnace bosh upper semisection interval.This interval is heated the condition that makes coal decomposition course by coal in process of coking just under isolated air.
Between throat region, temperature is 100 ℃-300 ℃, and raw coal carries out the evaporation of preheating, moisture and sucking-off and is attached to the gases such as carbonic acid gas on coal, methane in this interval.Along with the decline of furnace charge, in the interval declining, the temperature of coal gas also increases, and raw coal starts to decompose, and produces gas and liquid, solia particle formation plastic mass.
When furnace charge drops to 450 ℃-550 ℃, the liquid phase of plastic mass is further decomposed and is solidified and the carbon atom generation semicoke that combines.
Furnace charge drops to 650 ℃-950 ℃ when interval, and semicoke continues sucking-off gas and just forms complete semicoke.
Along with furnace charge declines gradually, the semicoke of generation carries out reduction reaction with unclassified stores in stove.The semicoke that has arrived region, air port just burns before air port provides main thermal source in stove.
Tar coal gas discharges out of the furnace and utilizes through a series of gas-oil separation burning, to blast furnace, provides high wind-warm syndrome.
2. with the improvement of raw coal ironmaking major equipment
Blast furnace gas is the byproduct of blast-furnace smelting, is the main fuel of hotblast stove.Raw coal is smelted, and contains a large amount of tar coal gas, so must carry out stove dirt, coal gas, gas-oil separation in blast furnace gas.
Medium and small blast furnace, to the widespread use of dry-method bag-type dust collecting device, smelted but this method is not suitable for raw coal the gas purification producing in the last few years.Raw coal is smelted gas purification must adopt wet dedusting, electric precipitation.
A. downtake improves: coal gas discharges out of the furnace and prevents that temperature from declining too fast and forming stove dirt, and the adhesive that tar mixes is stopped up downtake, so downtake changes double-layer cavity formula into, passes into hot water or steam is incubated.
B. washing tower: gravitational precipitator is improved to open core type washing tower.Main Function, for cooling, is given a dinner of welcome, washing oil.Coal gas is after washing tower, and temperature is reduced to below 40 ℃, by temperature head, the part oil gas in coal gas is become to tar and stove dirt like this and is discharged to together that in sewage lagoon, to carry out oil, water, dirt separated.This is first dedusting.
C. oil-gas separator: by electrostatic precipitator structure of modification.Its principle of work is: under highfield effect, in gas, a small amount of free unbound electron is accelerated, obtains after certain energy, clashes into molecule out-shell electron, after the unbound electron being knocked out is accelerated, clashes into again other molecule out-shell electrons.Along with high pressure raises, two interpolar unbound electrons increase sharply.The anisotropy hypervelocity motion separately of positive ion and unbound electron, forms secondary current.This image is molecular ionization.
When coal gas passes through the space, the two poles of the earth in ionization of gas state, dust in gas and tar particles and electronic impact rub examine in process, be forced to charged, because ionization occurs over just in the less strong electric field region of negative pole distance, therefore positively charged amount of ions is attracted to flow to negative pole by negative pole.Positive ion flow area only accounts for a seldom part of whole interelectrode space, and accelerate free electron quantity is large and will flow to anodal (receiving electrode) by whole interpolar.The flow area of electronics accounts for the area of whole interpolar 99%, therefore the most of bear electricity of dust and tar particles in gas and flow to anodal (receiving electrode), charged dust and tar particles reach in receiving electrode and after be collected, under the effect of gravity, waterpower, fall.
D. sewage lagoon: according to the proportion of stove dirt, the proportion of oil, the proportion of water and the feature of temperature variation, can Jiang Shui, oil, stove dirt is separated.Build staged sewage lagoon, by controlling water temperature, precipitate about 8 hours, be divided into four levels in pond, bottom is stove dirt, and middle level is heavy oil, and face waterborne is light oil.With slush pump, floor grate dirt is extracted out, with sump pump, by heavy oil, light oil is extracted out.
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