CN102260766A - Smelting production method of iron - Google Patents
Smelting production method of iron Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a smelting production method of iron. The method comprises the following steps: by taking iron ore as a main raw material, raw coal as fuel and limestone as a solvent, adding the main raw material, fuel and solvent in a blast furnace; blowing in hot wind through a tuyere arranged below the blast furnace; blowing coal, oil or gas as a blowing object into the main raw material in the blast furnace; combusting carbon in the fuel coal and carbon in the blowing object so as to generate carbon monoxide; and carrying out reduction reaction on carbon monoxide and oxygen in the main raw material iron ore so as to obtain iron and molten iron. By using the method, cost can be greatly reduced by about 25%-35%, and the emission of sulfur dioxide is reduced; and because a byproduct adhesive is generated, the industry is in a circular economical mode, thereby achieving no pollution emission of the whole industry.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of smelting process of iron, relate in particular to a kind of production method of blast-furnace smelting iron.
Background technology
In recent years, particularly since " 15 ", steel production in China is advanced by leaps and bounds, and after iron and steel output was broken through 100,000,000 tons in 1996, pig iron output had been turned over twice in the period of 10, occupies first place in the world.China's pig iron output had reached 3.3040 hundred million tons in 2005, considerably beyond world steel big country historical high output, became world steel and produced first big country.The changing conditions of 2001～2005 years production and technical indications of China's blast furnace ironmaking is as shown in table 1
Table 1
| Time | Utilization coefficient/t.m-3.d-1 | Coke ratio/kg.t-1 | Coal ratio/kg.t-1 | Fuel ratio/kg.t-1 | Wind-warm syndrome/℃ | Go into stove ore deposit grade/% | Grog rate/% | Ironmaking process energy consumption/kg standard coal .t-1 |
| 2001 | 2.34 | 422 | 122 | 544 | 1032 | 57.01 | 91.67 | |
| 2002 | 2.46 | 416 | 126 | 542 | 1021 | 58.17 | 91.53 | |
| 2003 | 2.48 | 430 | 118 | 548 | 1057 | 58.47 | 92.41 | 469.68 |
| 2004 | 2.53 | 425 | 111 | 539 | 1091 | 58.21 | 93.02 | 466.2 |
| 2005 | 2.62 | 412 | 124 | 536 | 1081 | 58.03 | 91.45 | 450.79 |
2005, its production and technical indication of China enterprise of pig iron output more than 5,000,000 tons obtains marked improvement (is China part enterprise blast furnace economic and technical norms in 2005 as table 2), with the Baosteel is representative, and its ironmaking part economic and technical norms reach or near international most advanced level.
Table 2
| Enterprise | Output/ten thousand t | Coke ratio/kg.t-1 | Coal ratio/kg.t-1 | Fuel ratio/kg.t-1 | Utilization coefficient/t.m-3.d-1 | Go into stove grade/% | Fuel rate/% | Wind-warm syndrome/℃ | Delay ratio/% | Labour productivity/t. people-1 |
| Baosteel | 1704.12 | 282 | 201 | 483 | 2.301 | 60.09 | 83.05 | 1229 | 1.706 | 20944 |
| Anshan iron and steel plant | 1250.74 | 377 | 136 | 513 | 2.12 | 59.25 | 97.63 | 1071 | 1.26 | 6709 |
| Shoudu Iron and Steel Co | 1015.92 | 370 | 109 | 479 | 2.312 | 59.39 | 88.06 | 1067 | 2.409 | 14927 |
| Wuhan Iron and Steel Plant | 1015.41 | 369 | 145 | 514 | 2.293 | 59.33 | 88.87 | 1121 | 2.532 | 6984 |
| Tang Gang | 911.62 | 397 | 125 | 522 | 2.396 | 58.21 | 82.85 | 1134 | 0.841 | 3874 |
| The Ji steel | 842.03 | 412 | 125 | 537 | 3.094 | 58.86 | 90.75 | 1043 | 1.479 | 2661 |
| Ma Gang | 837.17 | 383 | 132 | 515 | 2.569 | 58.59 | 91.52 | 1031 | 1.265 | 3057 |
| Sha Gang | 789.09 | 415 | 105 | 520 | 3.499 | 58.87 | 95.57 | 1037 | 1.871 | 3234 |
| The Laigang | 765.33 | 417 | 114 | 531 | 2.949 | 59.02 | 94.59 | 1034 | 1.17 | 1564 |
| Baogang | 685.17 | 464 | 107 | 571 | 1.922 | 57.65 | 93.43 | 1159 | 1.298 | 12277 |
| This steel | 635.41 | 446 | 78 | 524 | 2.048 | 56.25 | 99.25 | 999 | 3.003 | 4991 |
China's blast furnace production each side has obtained marked improvement, but also there is a big difference at aspects such as resource and energy utilization rate, blast furnace maximization, raising industrial concentration and environmental protection, remains further to be improved, and effort is made the country prosperous to iron and steel and strided forward.
1. rationally utilize ore resource
China's iron ore deposit deficiency, Iron industry must rely on the two kinds of resources in homemade ore deposit and import ore deposit.Tenth Five-Year Plan Period, the consumption of two kinds of ore resource saw Table 4:
Table 4
| Time | 2001 | 2002 | 2003 | 2004 | 2005 |
| Pig iron output | 1.5554 | 1.6908 | 2.0231 | 2.5185 | 3.304 |
| Self-produced iron ore | 2.1701 | 2.3262 | 2.6272 | 3.113 | 4.205 |
| Imported iron ore stone | 0.9231 | 1.1149 | 1.4813 | 2.0809 | 2.7256 |
For reducing the ore purchase cost, should enlarge the buying scope in import ore deposit, can purchase the Ore Imported that some grades are relatively low, price is comparatively moderate, match with homemade ore deposit, produce fine agglomerate and pellet.
In order to tackle the influence that external ore price goes up, solve the Stress of ore supply simultaneously, should research and develop domestic ore resource energetically.Anshan iron and steel plant adopts beneficiation new process such as poor red (magnetic) iron ore fine grinding of autonomous property right exploitation, dark mill, and concentrate grade is brought up to more than 68%, and ironmaking production has obtained breakthrough.
2. raising energy utilization rate
Improving energy utilization rate, cutting down the consumption of energy is the ironmaking production most important thing.China key enterprise average energy consumption of ironmaking operation was 450.79kg standard coal/ton in 2005, than the high 20～100kg standard coal of international most advanced level/ton.
Reduce fuel ratio energetically
The consumption of blast furnace ton iron energy consumption comprises fuel, power (wind, water, vapour, pressurized air) and electricity, and fuel consumption accounts for about 82%, and wherein coke and coal dust account for about 75%.Therefore, improve energy utilization rate, cut down the consumption of energy, must work hard on the reduction fuel ratio, key is to reduce ratio of putting coke into furnace and strengthen injecting coal quantity, its utilization ratio of corresponding raising simultaneously.
Blast furnace fuel is Finland and Sweden than minimum country in the world, is respectively 439kg/t and 457kg/t.China's blast furnace average fuel in 2005 is than being 536kg/t (best is Baosteel and Shoudu Iron and Steel Co, has reached 483kg/t and 470kg/t respectively), and than the high 100～120kg/t of international most advanced level, this is the maximum disparity of China's blast furnace production and world level.
Ratio of putting coke into furnace is the important component part of fuel ratio, and international advanced blast furnace coke ratio is below 300kg/t.China key enterprise annual coke ratio was 412kg/t in 2005, and the Baosteel coke ratio is 282kg/t, reaches world-class levels.
The main path that reduces fuel ratio is as follows:
(1) adopts fine fodder
Fine fodder plays a decisive role to reducing fuel ratio, and the key of fine fodder is to improve the stove ore grade.In recent years, the most of enterprise of China ore grade can reach 57%～59%, can reach 60% (Finland's blast furnace can reach 65%) individually, and the quantity of slag generally drops to below the 350kg/t.Therefore, fuel ratio be reduced, the stove ore grade must be made great efforts to improve.Require TFe＞58%, the blast furnace quantity of slag drops to below the 300kg/t.The usage quantity that improving ore grade can be by technique of preparing, improve burden structure, increase pelletizing and natural rich ore waits and realizes.
Another importance of fine fodder is especially to pay attention to coke quality.The ash content of coke and coal dust answers＜12%, coke strenth index M40＞80%, M10＜7%, CSR＞60%, CRI＜25%.Also should be better than These parameters for the blast furnace more than the 2000m3.
(2) improve the wind-warm syndrome level
Blast furnace air temperature just is an important indicator of weighing energy Conservation of Blast Furnace.Wind-warm syndrome is hanged down and just is difficult to reach low-fuel ratio and high coal powder injection ratio.The national key enterprise average wind-warm syndrome of blast furnace was 1084 ℃ in 2005, and Baosteel blast furnace air temperature (1229 ℃) has reached international most advanced level.The enterprise that wind-warm syndrome reaches more than 1100 ℃ has only 16 families.In August, 2006, the average wind-warm syndrome of Anshan iron and steel plant ironmaking head factory blast furnace reaches 1103 ℃, and new No. 1 blast furnace reaches 1199 ℃.
Should see that China's blast furnace air temperature level is compared with international most advanced level also has 100～150 ℃ gap, minority enterprise blast furnace air temperature also is in 800～900 ℃ low-level.
The highest wind-warm syndrome of blast furnace is 1300～1320 ℃ in the world, and the Chinese large-sized blast furnace air temperature makes every effort to reach more than 1200 ℃, at present except that the Baosteel blast furnace, reach really that high wind-warm syndrome still needs effort more than 1200 ℃.
The measure that improves wind-warm syndrome (＞1200 ℃) is many-sided.Baosteel adopts outside combustion stove (4), and wind-warm syndrome remains on about 1250 ℃ throughout the year.Design and practice show that outside combustion stove and Cowper stove all can obtain the high wind-warm syndrome more than 1200 ℃, and key is to improve the calorific value of Combustion of Hot Air Furnace coal gas.General blast-furnace roasting caloric power of gas has only about 3000kJ/m3, though have coal gas and combustion air have been carried out two preheatings, the hotblast stove dome temperature has only 1300～1350 ℃, is difficult to reach the demand of high wind-warm syndrome more than 1200 ℃.Under the situation that coke-oven gas lacks, the approach that improves the Combustion of Hot Air Furnace caloric power of gas has: take oxygen enriched blast or mix burning part high heating value gas, per 1% oxygen enrichment percentage can improve coal gas calorific value 146kJ/m3; The coal gas of converter calorific value is about 7500kJ/m3, and with coal gas of converter heat supply wind furnace, the Combustion of Hot Air Furnace caloric power of gas can be brought up to 3400kJ/m3; Set up hotblast stove additional preheating system, carry out the two preheatings of coal gas and combustion air.The newly-built large blast furnace of Anshan iron and steel plant is attached has built several small-sized top ignition preheating ovens, and hot combustion air and coal gas are carried out two preheatings, and effect is better.
(3) strengthen coal powder injection
The comparison of raising pulverized coal injection is fallen Jiao and is played direct effect.China key enterprise pulverized coal injection in 2005 is than average out to 124kg/t, and the Baosteel pulverized coal injection is in world lead level than surpassing 200kg/t.But should see that China's pulverized coal injection level is still uneven, a lot of enterprises pulverized coal injection is than also being in the following lower level of 100kg/t.
Improve coal powder injection than directly related, be closely related especially with wind-warm syndrome with coal, injection method, oxygen enrichment level, fine fodder level etc.Baosteel pulverized coal injection specific energy reaches 200kg/t and its high wind-warm syndrome of 1250 ℃ has direct relation.Improve wind-warm syndrome and help improving coal powder injection ratio and coal dust utilization ratio, effectively reduce fuel ratio, and low wind-warm syndrome, high coal powder injection ratio tend to make fuel ratio to raise (at other smelting condition one regularly, high coal powder injection ratio, low wind-warm syndrome operation can make unburned coal powder increase, when the coal powder injection ratio was 130kg/t, carbon only was 13% in the stove dirt; When the coal ratio was brought up to 165kg/t and 190kg/t, carbon can be elevated to 38% and 50% in the stove dirt).Production practice show, hang down under the wind-warm syndrome condition, and when coal compares greater than 150kg/t, every raising 10kg/t, fuel ratio will raise about 2kg/t.Therefore, during the operation of big coal injection ratio, must improve wind-warm syndrome (or oxygen enrichment) as far as possible, to improve coal powder injection ratio and utilization ratio thereof.
The recovery of secondary energy and utilization
(1) develops a circular economy
Developing a circular economy is the Iron and Steel Production indispensable measure of making the country prosperous.Is that core is built the recycle system with the steel production enterprise: the inflammable gas recovery of circulatory system, put into comprehensively recyling of blast furnace, converter, coke-oven gas from coal, coke equal energy source; The process water recycle system is replenished new water to the production process water from enterprise, reclaims, handles industrial sewage to substitute new water, and the realization water resources is reused; The solid and gas waste recycle system from the production whole process of putting into steel products of raw materials such as iron ore, realizes that solid waste comprehensively recyles.
The Steel Plant of one 1,000 ten thousand t/a, if blast furnace, converter, coal gas that coke oven produced are all reclaimed, except that being the power station of 1,200,000 kW uses for installed capacity, also can be to social air feed; The solid waste that produces in the production process is except that containing Fe part oneself recovery, and all the other can satisfy a raw materials requirement of producing 3000000 t cement mill per year.
(2) development dry gas cleaning
Above (maximum 2660m3) blast furnace of China 1000m3 adopts the dry gas cleaning method to obtain effect preferably.Laigang 1880m3 blast furnace adopts the dry gas cleaning method to obtain following effect: 1 gas quality is good, dust-laden＜3mg/m3; 2 is energy-conservation, and the coal gas medial temperature is 140 ℃ after the dedusting, higher 100 ℃ than wet method dedusting, is used for boiler, hotblast stove heating, can save coal gas and improve about 50 ℃ of wind-warm syndrome, and improve the TRT generated energy more than 30%; 3 water savings, daily water consumption only is 4～6m3; 4 economize on electricitys, the wet dedusting power consumption is 6.2kWh/t, and the dry gas cleaning method has only 0.3kWh/t; 5 reduce the generation of sewage, help environmental protection.
(3) recovery waste heat, complementary energy, waste material
Can produce concomitant products such as a large amount of waste residues, dust, gas in the Iron and Steel Production, can reach about 40% approximately for the secondary energy of recycling.China compares with external advanced level at aspects such as circulation of resource, the energy and efficient utilizations that there is a big difference, and energy consumption is higher by 15%～20% than developed country, so recovery waste heat, complementary energy, waste material work can not loosen.Should accomplish: the TRT facility should be gone into operation synchronously with blast furnace; Carry out Steel Plant's gas balance work, avoid coal gas diffusion; Reclaim the exhaust gas of hot-blast stove waste heat; Reclaim dust and be used for SINTERING PRODUCTION; Slag as cement raw material, avoids putting dried slag after shrend.
Alleviate the environment dirt
Dye ironmaking production and can produce a large amount of solid, liquid, gas waste, contaminate environment and HUMAN HEALTH.For a long time, Iron and Steel Enterprises in China has been done a large amount of fruitful work to environment control, and efforts at environmental protection as one of top priority.A collection of enterprises such as Baosteel, Ji steel, Laigang have realized the closed cycle of pollutents such as the dirt mud, slag, water, coal gas, afterheat steam of enterprise.The national key enterprise coke-oven gas rate of diffusing was 5.26% in 2005, had 35 tame enterprises to realize zero release.For the pollution that further controls environment, the enterprise that has has proposed " three simultaneously " (design simultaneously, construction simultaneously and produce simultaneously) and " three is the same " (environmental protection equipment and production unit accomplish equally the same safeguard, equally overhaul and the same research improvement), provides guarantee for further alleviating environmental pollution.
Current, China ironmaking is produced should make great efforts how research makes rational use of resources, the energy and the pollution that controls environment, improve key subjects such as resource and efficiency of energy utilization, make ironmaking produce efficient, joint burnt (fuel), energy-conservation, water saving, environmental protection, high-quality and longevity, realize the big and strong objective of the struggle of China's blast furnace ironmaking production.
In sum, we know that present existing ironmaking technology main raw material is iron ore, coke (blue charcoal), solvent lime stone, fly-ash separator is mainly fiber bag precipitator, and higher to the iron ore grade requirement.
Summary of the invention
For solving above-mentioned middle problem and the defective that exists, the invention provides a kind of smelting production method of iron.Described technical scheme is as follows:
The smelting production method of iron comprises:
Use the iron ore body material, raw coal is a fuel, and Wingdale is a solvent, and described body material, fuel and solvent are joined in the blast furnace;
The air port that is provided with down by blast furnace is blown into hot blast;
, be injected in the body material in the blast furnace as injection material with coal, oil or coal gas;
Carbon in the bunker coal and the carbon burning in the injection material generate carbon monoxide, and the oxygen reduction reaction in carbon monoxide and the body material iron ore obtains iron and molten iron.
The beneficial effect of technical scheme provided by the invention is:
Can reduce cost significantly, be about 25%--35%.
Owing to used raw coal, discharge a kind of high-strength adhesive thing at electric precipitation, this binding is developed a kind of suitable binder for making formed coke.
Because of the raw coal sulfur-bearing is low, reduce the discharging of sulfurous gas greatly
The tackiness agent that electric precipitation produces can make fine coal be utilized greatly, produces moulded coal, by power plant's generating is utilized, has so just lowered cost of electricity-generating greatly, is that whole smelting becomes recycling economy.
Because the recycling economy of industry, from but the whole industry non-pollution discharge.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the production method schema that invention utilizes blast-furnace smelting iron.
Embodiment
For making the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, embodiment of the present invention is described further in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
Present embodiment provides a kind of smelting production method of iron, and the raw material of blast-furnace smelting mainly contains iron ore, fuel raw coal and solvent Wingdale three parts and forms.Referring to Fig. 1, the idiographic flow of its blast-furnace smelting comprises:
From furnace roof constantly pack into iron ore, raw coal, solvent Wingdale, blow into cold wind from bottom house, cold wind blows into hot blast in the blast furnace by blast funnace hot blast stove and from blast-furnace tuyere, sprays into fuel such as oil, coal or coal gas.Pack into iron ore in the blast furnace mainly is the compound of iron and oxygen.At high temperature, with the carbon and the carbon burning generation carbon monoxide of coal powder injection station coal powder injection kind the oxygen in the iron ore is captured out in the raw coal, obtain iron, this process is called reduction.Iron ore is produced the pig iron by reduction reaction, and molten iron is emitted from iron notch.In the wherein above-mentioned blast furnace temperature remain on furnace throat to shaft top 200---1100 ℃, restoration of lower stack to cupola well 1100---1450 ℃; Reaction times is 2-3 hours.Ash content in gangue in the iron ore, raw coal and the injection material Wingdale equal solvent interior with adding stove combines and generates slag, discharges respectively from iron notch and slag notch.Coal gas is derived from furnace roof, behind electric precipitation, as industrial coal gas.When electric precipitation, also discharge a kind of high-strength adhesive thing, this binding is developed a kind of suitable binder for making formed coke.
Usually smelt 1 ton of pig iron and need 1.5---2.0 ton iron ore, 1.0---1.4 ton raw coal, 0.2----0.3 ton solvent, total needs 2----3 ton raw material, according to required raw material per ton, the ratio of mixture scope that can draw raw material iron ore, fuel raw coal and solvent Wingdale is 50: 15: 35～70: 25: 5.
The above; only for the preferable embodiment of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and anyly is familiar with those skilled in the art in the technical scope that the present invention discloses; the variation that can expect easily or replacement all should be encompassed within protection scope of the present invention.Therefore, protection scope of the present invention should be as the criterion with the protection domain of claim.
Claims (6)
1. the smelting production method of iron is characterized in that, this method comprises:
With iron ore is body material, and raw coal is a fuel, and Wingdale is a solvent, and described body material, fuel and solvent are joined in the blast furnace;
The air port that is provided with down by blast furnace is blown into hot blast;
, be injected in the body material in the blast furnace as injection material with coal, oil or coal gas;
Carbon in the bunker coal and the carbon burning in the injection material generate carbon monoxide, and the oxygen reduction reaction in carbon monoxide and the body material iron ore obtains iron and molten iron.
2. the smelting production method of iron according to claim 1 is characterized in that, in the wherein said blast furnace temperature remain on furnace throat to shaft top 200---1100 ℃, restoration of lower stack to cupola well 1100---1450 ℃; Reaction times is 2-3 hour.
3. the smelting production method of iron according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the ratio of mixture scope of described raw material iron ore, fuel raw coal and solvent Wingdale is 50: 15: 35～70: 25: 5.
4. the smelting production method of iron according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the iron notch of described molten iron from blast furnace emitted.
5. the smelting production method of iron according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the slag that generates after described iron ore and the fuel reduction reaction is discharged from slag notch.
6. the smelting production method of iron according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the coal gas when described body material and fuel combustion is discharged from high furnace roof, and the coal gas of discharge is behind electric precipitation, as industrial coal gas.
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103571984A (en) * | 2012-08-01 | 2014-02-12 | 马西元 | Method for smelting iron through raw coal |
| CN105821167A (en) * | 2016-04-25 | 2016-08-03 | 昆明理工大学 | Blast furnace injection biodiesel iron smelting method |
| CN106702054A (en) * | 2017-01-13 | 2017-05-24 | 张英华 | Improved iron-smelting blast furnace and production method for air outlet pipes and hollow grate |
| CN109112239A (en) * | 2017-06-26 | 2019-01-01 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | According to the method in conditions of blast furnace adjustment blowing mixed coal powder with addition of semi-coke quantity |
| CN114959148A (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2022-08-30 | 刘绍祥 | Electric furnace iron-making method |
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| CN1389573A (en) * | 2002-07-12 | 2003-01-08 | 刘晓平 | Coke-saving method in smelting iron in blast furnace |
| CN101476002A (en) * | 2009-01-16 | 2009-07-08 | 北京中电华方科技有限公司 | Blast furnace iron manufacturing process |
| CN101629220A (en) * | 2009-08-07 | 2010-01-20 | 内蒙古远兴能源股份有限公司 | Blast furnace blowing material formed by processing bituminous coal with low metamorphic grade through pyrogenation and carbonization |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1389573A (en) * | 2002-07-12 | 2003-01-08 | 刘晓平 | Coke-saving method in smelting iron in blast furnace |
| CN101476002A (en) * | 2009-01-16 | 2009-07-08 | 北京中电华方科技有限公司 | Blast furnace iron manufacturing process |
| CN101629220A (en) * | 2009-08-07 | 2010-01-20 | 内蒙古远兴能源股份有限公司 | Blast furnace blowing material formed by processing bituminous coal with low metamorphic grade through pyrogenation and carbonization |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103571984A (en) * | 2012-08-01 | 2014-02-12 | 马西元 | Method for smelting iron through raw coal |
| CN105821167A (en) * | 2016-04-25 | 2016-08-03 | 昆明理工大学 | Blast furnace injection biodiesel iron smelting method |
| CN106702054A (en) * | 2017-01-13 | 2017-05-24 | 张英华 | Improved iron-smelting blast furnace and production method for air outlet pipes and hollow grate |
| CN109112239A (en) * | 2017-06-26 | 2019-01-01 | 鞍钢股份有限公司 | According to the method in conditions of blast furnace adjustment blowing mixed coal powder with addition of semi-coke quantity |
| CN114959148A (en) * | 2022-05-25 | 2022-08-30 | 刘绍祥 | Electric furnace iron-making method |
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Application publication date: 20111130 |