CN103560669B - Step-up/step-down type dc-dc converter and control circuit thereof and control method - Google Patents

Step-up/step-down type dc-dc converter and control circuit thereof and control method Download PDF

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CN103560669B
CN103560669B CN201310537550.2A CN201310537550A CN103560669B CN 103560669 B CN103560669 B CN 103560669B CN 201310537550 A CN201310537550 A CN 201310537550A CN 103560669 B CN103560669 B CN 103560669B
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terminal
state
switch element
error amplifier
period
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CN103560669A (en
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永井龙太
松本敬史
稻富研
稻富研一
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Cypress Semiconductor Corp
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Cypress Semiconductor Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1588—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load comprising at least one synchronous rectifier element
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/08—Circuits specially adapted for the generation of control voltages for semiconductor devices incorporated in static converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/04—Modifications for accelerating switching
    • H03K17/042—Modifications for accelerating switching by feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit
    • H03K17/04213—Modifications for accelerating switching by feedback from the output circuit to the control circuit in bipolar transistor switches
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/02—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/04—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/10—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M3/145—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/155—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/156—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
    • H02M3/158—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output without intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators including plural semiconductor devices as final control devices for a single load
    • H02M3/1582—Buck-boost converters

Abstract

A kind of step-up/step-down type dc-dc converter and control circuit thereof and control method.The invention provides control circuit and the control method being capable of high efficiency step-up/step-down type dc-dc converter.Under state (1), the terminal (Tx) of choking-winding is connected to input terminal, and terminal (Ty) is connected to reference potential.Under state (2), terminal (Tx) is connected to reference potential, and terminal (Ty) is connected to lead-out terminal.Under state (3), terminal (Tx) is connected to input, and terminal (Ty) is connected to lead-out terminal.Period 1 operation is made up of state (1) and (2), and second round, operation was made up of state (1) and (3).The length value of the second round that period performs operation second round is n times of the period 1 performing period 1 operation period.In operating second round, state (1) is switched to state (3) and the increase slope of inductive current is lowered.

Description

Step-up/step-down type dc-dc converter and control circuit thereof and control method
The application is Application No. 200710109427.5, filing date on June 18th, 2007, the divisional application of the Chinese patent application of invention entitled " step-up/step-down type dc-dc converter and control circuit thereof and control method ".
Cross-Reference to Related Applications
The application based on submit on June 16th, 2006 in the Japanese patent application No.2007-151323 that first Japanese patent application No.2006-167677 and on June 7th, 2007 submit to each and require its priority, the full content of above-mentioned application is hereby incorporated by reference.
Technical field
The present invention relates to step-up/step-down type DC-DC converter and control circuit thereof and control method, it is more particularly related to the average frequency of switching of switch element can be reduced and is capable of high efficiency step-up/step-down type DC-DC converter.
Background technology
In step-up/step-down type DC-DC converter, operated by the ON/OFF of switch element and alternately repeat following state (1) and state (2) with preset frequency, described state (1) is for running up to energy inducer from input side, described state (2) is for being discharged into outlet side energy from inducer, and inducer is connected to voltage input-terminal, output voltage terminals and reference potential these three terminal.
In United States Patent (USP) No.6, in the step-up/step-down type DC-DC converter disclosed in 087,816, additionally provide state (3), for voltage input-terminal being connected to output voltage terminals via inducer and energy being supplied to lead-out terminal.Within a clock cycle, perform the switching between state (1) and state (2) or the switching between state (2) and state (3).
It addition, the conventional boost type DC-DC converter 100 shown in Figure 12 includes transistor FET101 to FET103.When the operation of DC-DC converter 100 is stopped, transistor FET103 is set as ending to block the dark current flowing to load RL from input voltage vin.
Additionally, United States Patent (USP) No.6,275,016, the unexamined patent application No.2005-192312 of Japanese Laid-Open, the unexamined patent application No.S55-68877 of Japanese Laid-Open, United States Patent (USP) No. 5,402,060, United States Patent (USP) No.4, the unexamined patent application No.2000-134943 of 395,675, the unexamined patent application S56-141773 of Japanese Laid-Open and Japanese Laid-Open is disclosed as and above-mentioned relevant correlation technique.
Requirement to electric installation miniaturization and lightness recently has had advanced into the miniaturization of inducer.This current peak peak value making to suppress inductor current, thus switching frequency rises and switching loss is tended to increase.Therefore, it is necessary to suppress the current peak peak value of inductor current to reduce switching loss while reducing switching frequency.But, reduction switching frequency is not in United States Patent (USP) No.6, and disclosed in 087,816, and switching loss cannot reduce, and this results in problem.
It addition, when the conventional boost type DC-DC converter 100 shown in Figure 12 is set as conducting from operation stop condition startup and transistor FET103, the charging current of output capacitor C101 is become prominent stream (rush current) Ir.As a result, there is instantaneous reduction in input voltage, this is debatable, because it is likely to cause glitch, such as, activates protection circuit, etc..It addition, because output voltage Vout due to prominent stream sharp from 0(V) be increased to input voltage vin, this makes to perform soft start control, and it is that one makes output voltage Vout from 0(V that soft start controls) be gradually increased to the control mode of predetermined set voltage.This is the debatable aspect of conventional art.It addition, prominent stream Ir may damage each element of circuit, this is also debatable.
Summary of the invention
In order to solve at least one in the problem in background technology, the first object of the present invention is to provide a kind of step-up/step-down type DC-DC converter, it can suppress the current peak peak value of inductive current while the on-off times in the unit interval reducing switch element, average frequency of switching, and is capable of high efficiency.Second purpose is to provide one can rise high-tension step-up/step-down type DC-DC converter in the case of controlling to prevent the two condition with dark current meeting soft start.
According to an aspect of the present invention, proposing the control method of a kind of step-up/step-down type dc-dc converter, described changer may include that the first switch element, and it is connected between voltage input-terminal and a terminal of inductance element；First rectifier cell, it is connected between reference potential and a terminal of described inductance element；Second rectifier cell, it is connected between another terminal of output voltage terminals and described inductance element；And second switch element, it is connected between another terminal of described reference potential and described inductance element, and described method includes: the first state, wherein said first and second switching elements conductive；Second state, wherein said first and second switch elements turn off；The third state, wherein said first switching elements conductive and described second switch element OFF, and also include: the period 1 operates, and it includes described second state and performs in the period 1；And operation second round, it includes described first state and the third state and is to perform in the second round being longer than the described period 1, the operation of wherein said period 1 comprises the following steps: starts by arranging described first state, and is switched to described second state when the electric current of described inductance element reaches predetermined value from described first state.
According to another aspect of the present invention, proposing the control method of a kind of step-up/step-down type dc-dc converter, described changer may include that the first switch element, and it is connected between voltage input-terminal and a terminal of inductance element；First rectifier cell, it is connected between reference potential and a terminal of described inductance element；Second rectifier cell, it is connected between another terminal of output voltage terminals and described inductance element；And second switch element, it is connected between another terminal of described reference potential and described inductance element, and described method includes: the first state, wherein said first and second switching elements conductive；Second state, wherein said first and second switch elements turn off；The third state, wherein said first switching elements conductive and described second switch element OFF, period 1 operation, it starts by arranging described second state, is made up of described second state and performs in the period 1；And operation second round, it is by described first state and the third state forms and be to perform in the second round being longer than the described period 1, and wherein, the operation of described period 1 includes the step that starts by arranging described second state.
In the control method of described step-up/step-down type dc-dc converter, described second round, operation may comprise steps of: starts by arranging described first state；And it is switched to the described third state when the electric current of described inductance element reaches predetermined value from described first state.
In the control method of described step-up/step-down type dc-dc converter, the length of described second round can be n times of described period 1 length, and wherein n is the real number bigger than 1.
In the control method of described step-up/step-down type dc-dc converter, described n can be the natural number of 2 or bigger.
In the control method of described step-up/step-down type dc-dc converter, described first rectifier cell is the 3rd switch element, described second rectifier cell is the 4th switch element, described third and fourth switch element turns off in said first condition, described third and fourth switch element turns in said second condition, and under the described third state, described 4th switching elements conductive, and described 3rd switch element shutoff.
According to a further aspect of the invention, proposing the control circuit of a kind of step-up/step-down type dc-dc converter, may include that the first switch element, it is connected between voltage input-terminal and a terminal of inductance element；First rectifier cell, it is connected between reference potential and a terminal of described inductance element；Second rectifier cell, it is connected between another terminal of output voltage terminals and described inductance element；Second switch element, it is connected between another terminal of described reference potential and described inductance element；And control part, it is used for controlling: the first state, wherein said first and second switching elements conductive；Second state, wherein said first and second switch elements turn off；And the third state, wherein said first switching elements conductive and described second switch element OFF, described control circuit also includes: the period 1 operates, and it includes described second state and performs in the period 1；And operation second round, it includes described first state and the third state and is to perform in the second round being longer than the described period 1, the operation of wherein said period 1 comprises the following steps: starts by arranging described first state, and is switched to described second state when the electric current of described inductance element reaches predetermined value from described first state.
The control circuit of described step-up/step-down type dc-dc converter can also include: as the 3rd switch element of described first rectifier cell, and the 4th switch element as described second rectifier cell, wherein, described control part turns off described third and fourth switch element in said first condition, turn on described third and fourth switch element in said second condition, and under the described third state, turn on described 4th switch element and turn off described 3rd switch element.
According to another aspect of the present invention, proposing a kind of step-up/step-down type dc-dc converter, may include that the first switch element, it is connected between voltage input-terminal and a terminal of inductance element；First rectifier cell, it is connected between reference potential and a terminal of described inductance element；Second rectifier cell, it is connected between another terminal of output voltage terminals and described inductance element；Second switch element, it is connected between another terminal of described reference potential and described inductance element；And control part, it is used for controlling: the first state, wherein said first and second switching elements conductive；Second state, wherein said first and second switch elements turn off；And the third state, wherein said first switching elements conductive and described second switch element OFF, described changer also includes: the period 1 operates, and it includes described second state and performs in the period 1；And operation second round, it includes described first state and the third state and is to perform in the second round being longer than the described period 1, the operation of wherein said period 1 comprises the following steps: starts by arranging described first state, and is switched to described second state when the electric current of described inductance element reaches predetermined value from described first state.
According to a further aspect of the invention, the control circuit of a kind of step-up/step-down type dc-dc converter is proposed, may include that the first switch element, it is connected between voltage input-terminal and the first terminal of inductance element, described first switch element includes anti-paralleled diode, and the conducting of described anti-paralleled diode is from the first terminal of the described inductance element circuit to described voltage input-terminal direction；Second switch element, it is connected between the first terminal of reference potential and described inductance element；3rd switch element, it is connected between described reference potential and the second terminal of described inductance element；4th switch element, it is connected between output voltage terminals and the second terminal of described inductance element；SS (soft start) control circuit, carries out boosting or the soft-start signal of blood pressure lowering for output as time go on；Error amplifier, for being amplified the error between junior and the output voltage in reference voltage and described soft-start signal, described reference voltage is for determining the setting voltage of described output voltage；And ON-OFF control circuit, during output voltage is less than the period of input voltage, described ON-OFF control circuit alternately switches the first state and the second state according to the output from described error amplifier, the most described first and the 3rd switching elements conductive, the most described second and the 4th switching elements conductive, and during output voltage is higher than the period of input voltage, described ON-OFF control circuit basis in the case of described first switch element and described second switch element are respectively set to turn-on and turn-off is alternately turned on described 3rd switch element and described 4th switch element from the output of described error amplifier.
In the control circuit of described step-up/step-down type dc-dc converter, described ON-OFF control circuit may include that control signal generative circuit, for exporting control signal, the pulsewidth that described control signal is had depends on the level of the output signal from described error amplifier；Comparator, for comparing described output voltage with described input voltage；Screened circuit, depends on the result that described comparator obtains, and it allows described control signal to pass through during described output voltage is less than the period of described input voltage, and shields described control signal during described output voltage is higher than the period of described input voltage.
In the control circuit of described step-up/step-down type dc-dc converter, the output from described comparator is set to low level during described output voltage is higher than the period of described input voltage, and described screened circuit is and circuit.
In the control circuit of described step-up/step-down type dc-dc converter, described error amplifier may include that the first terminal of described error amplifier, described output voltage is imported into the first terminal of described error amplifier, and the first terminal of described error amplifier has the first polarity；Second terminal of described error amplifier, described reference voltage is imported into the second terminal of described error amplifier, and the second terminal of described error amplifier has the second polarity；And the 3rd terminal of described error amplifier, described soft-start signal is imported into the 3rd terminal of described error amplifier, and the 3rd terminal of described error amplifier has described second polarity.
In the control circuit of described step-up/step-down type dc-dc converter, described error amplifier may include that the first terminal of described error amplifier, described output voltage is imported into the first terminal of described error amplifier, and the first terminal of described error amplifier has the first polarity；Second terminal of described error amplifier, described reference voltage is imported into the second terminal of described error amplifier, and the second terminal of described error amplifier has the second polarity；And the 3rd terminal of described error amplifier, described soft-start signal is imported into the 3rd terminal of described error amplifier, and the 3rd terminal of described error amplifier has described second polarity.
In the control circuit of described step-up/step-down type dc-dc converter, described error amplifier may include that the first terminal of described error amplifier, described output voltage is imported into the first terminal of described error amplifier, and the first terminal of described error amplifier has the first polarity；Second terminal of described error amplifier, described reference voltage is imported into the second terminal of described error amplifier, and the second terminal of described error amplifier has the second polarity；And the 3rd terminal of described error amplifier, described soft-start signal is imported into the 3rd terminal of described error amplifier, and the 3rd terminal of described error amplifier has described second polarity.
According to a further aspect of the invention, proposing the control method of a kind of step-up/step-down type dc-dc converter, described changer may include that the first switch element, and it is connected between voltage input-terminal and the first terminal of inductance element；Second switch element, it is connected between the first terminal of reference potential and described inductance element；3rd switch element, it is connected between described reference potential and the second terminal of described inductance element；And the 4th switch element, it is connected between output voltage terminals and the second terminal of described inductance element, said method comprising the steps of: turned off by described first to the 4th switch element；In response to starting order, alternately repeat the first state and the second state, the most described first and the 3rd switch element be switched on, the most described second and the 4th switch element be switched on；And when output voltage becomes to be above input voltage, described first switch element and described second switch element are remained respectively turn-on and turn-off, and alternately repeats conducting and the conducting of described 4th switch element of described 3rd switch element in response to the output from error amplifier.
According to a further aspect of the invention, a kind of step-up/step-down type dc-dc converter is proposed, may include that the first switch element, it is connected between voltage input-terminal and the first terminal of inductance element, described first switch element includes anti-paralleled diode, and the conducting of described anti-paralleled diode is from the first terminal of the described inductance element circuit to described voltage input-terminal direction；Second switch element, it is connected between the first terminal of reference potential and described inductance element；3rd switch element, it is connected between described reference potential and the second terminal of described inductance element；4th switch element, it is connected between output voltage terminals and the second terminal of described inductance element；SS (soft start) control circuit, carries out boosting or the soft-start signal of blood pressure lowering for output as time go on；Error amplifier, for being amplified the error between junior and the output voltage in reference voltage and described soft-start signal, described reference voltage is for determining the setting voltage of described output voltage；And ON-OFF control circuit, during output voltage is less than the period of input voltage, described ON-OFF control circuit alternately switches the first state and the second state according to the output from described error amplifier, the most described first and the 3rd switching elements conductive, the most described second and the 4th switching elements conductive, and during output voltage is higher than the period of input voltage, described ON-OFF control circuit basis in the case of described first switch element and described second switch element are respectively set to turn-on and turn-off is alternately turned on described 3rd switch element and described 4th switch element from the output of described error amplifier.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the circuit diagram of step-up/step-down type DC-DC converter 1；
Fig. 2 shows the circuit diagram of state (1)；
Fig. 3 shows the circuit diagram of state (2)；
Fig. 4 shows the circuit diagram of state (3)；
Fig. 5 is the state transition graph of first embodiment；
Fig. 6 is the oscillogram of the DC-DC converter 1 of first embodiment；
Fig. 7 shows the oscillogram of traditional circuit operation；
Fig. 8 is the state transition graph of the second embodiment；
Fig. 9 is the oscillogram of the DC-DC converter 1 of the second embodiment；
Figure 10 is the circuit diagram of DC-DC converter 1b；
Figure 11 is the oscillogram of DC-DC converter 1b of the 3rd embodiment；
Figure 12 is the circuit diagram of tradition DC-DC converter 100.
Detailed description of the invention
First state is such a state, wherein the first and second switching elements conductive.In this case, a terminal of inductance element is connected to voltage input-terminal, and its another terminal is connected to reference potential.In the first state, energy is run up in inductance element from voltage input-terminal side, and inductive current increases with constant steeper slope as time goes by.Increase slope to be calculated by (input voltage)/(inductance value).
Second state is such a state, wherein the first and second switch element cut-offs.In this case, a terminal of inductance element is connected to reference potential, and its another terminal is connected to output voltage terminals.In the second condition, energy is discharged into output voltage terminals side from inductance element, and inductive current reduces with constant steeper slope as time goes by.Reduce slope pass through-(output voltage)/(inductance value) calculate.
The third state is the cut-off of such a state, wherein the first switching elements conductive and second switch element.In this case, a terminal of inductance element is connected to voltage input-terminal, and its another terminal is connected to output voltage terminals.In a third condition, when input voltage is higher than output voltage, the energy from voltage input-terminal side is accumulated in inductance element and is supplied simultaneously to output voltage terminals side, and inductive current increases with constant-slope as time goes by.On the other hand, when the input voltage is lower than the output voltage, energy is discharged into output voltage terminals side from inductance element, and inductive current reduces with constant-slope as time goes by.Now, the increase of the inductive current under the third state and reduce the reduction slope increased under slope and the second state that slope is respectively smaller than under the first state.It addition, when input voltage is close to output voltage, the increase of the inductive current under the third state/reduction slope becomes about zero.Then, the first and second switch elements are performed conduction to control to realize first, second, and third state.
Period 1 operation includes the second state and is the operation performed in the predetermined period 1.Under the second state in the period 1 operates, inductive current reduces with constant-slope.Second round operation include first and the third state and be in the second round being longer than the period 1 perform operation.Under the first state in operating second round, inductive current increases with constant steeper slope.Under the third state in operating second round, inductive current increases with the slope milder than the slope under the first state, or reduces with the slope milder than the slope under the second state.Then, the first and second cycleoperations are repeated.
In operating second round, the first state is switched to the third state so that the increase slope of conductor current is lowered.Accordingly it is possible to prevent the current peak peak value of inducer increases, and the second round of the prolongation compared with the period 1 that the period 1 operates operated second round can be made.Therefore, the average frequency of switching of the first and second switch elements can be lowered, and when ON/OFF produce switch drive loss with from connects (shutoff) to shutoff (connection) transitive state under switch conduction losses can be lowered.Therefore, the efficiency of DC-DC converter can be enhanced.
SS (soft start) control circuit output soft-start signal, the value of this signal is raised and lowered over time.If controlling to want to make output voltage be gradually increased to arrange voltage from zero, then the value of soft-start signal is made to raise.Whereas if control to want that making output voltage is zero from arranging voltage and being gradually lowered, then make the value of soft-start signal reduce.Error is amplified by error amplifier, and described error is i.e. for defining the difference between junior and the input voltage in the reference voltage arranging voltage of output voltage and the value of soft-start signal.ON-OFF control circuit is closed according to the height of output voltage with input voltage and is tied up to switching control among the first to the 4th switch element.It addition, ON-OFF control circuit controls the duty cycle of switching of the first to the 4th switch element always according to the output from error amplifier.
To stop being described to the operation of DC-DC converter.When the operation of DC-DC converter is stopped, the first to the 4th switch element is kept cut-off.It should be noted that the first switch element is arranged in the current channel from voltage input-terminal to output voltage terminals, and make the polarity of body diode included in the first switch element become reverse, i.e. from voltage input end to voltage output end.Therefore, the current channel from voltage input-terminal to output voltage terminals is blocked by the first switch element.This mechanism allows to the dark current preventing to flow to output voltage terminals from voltage input-terminal when the operation of DC-DC converter is stopped.It addition, by preventing dark current, the value of the output voltage obtained when the operation of DC-DC converter is stopped can be retained as 0(V).
Then, will be described, wherein when DC-DC converter the most operationally output voltage is less than input voltage the following cycle.During the appointment cycle, alternately switched the first state and the second state by ON-OFF control circuit, in the first state first and the 3rd switch element be set as conducting, in the second condition second and the 4th switch element be set as conducting.The duty cycle of switching of the first to the 4th switch element is determined according to the output from error amplifier.
In the first state, the first terminal and second terminal of inductance element is connected respectively to voltage input-terminal and reference potential.Accordingly, it is capable to run up to inductance element from voltage input-terminal side.In the second condition, the first terminal and second terminal of inductance element is connected respectively to reference potential and output voltage terminals.Accordingly, it is capable to be discharged into output voltage terminals side from inductance element.In the case of the first state and the second state are alternately repeated, step-up/down operation is performed.Because step-up/down operation prevents the direct conduction between voltage input-terminal and output voltage terminals, this allows to prevent that prominent stream flows to output voltage terminals side from voltage input-terminal.Because being possible to prevent output voltage to be increased to input voltage sharp, this achieves the soft start operation making output voltage little by little be raised and lowered along with rising or falling of soft-start signal.
Also will be described, wherein when DC-DC converter the most operationally output voltage is higher than input voltage the following cycle.During this cycle, the first switch element and second switch element are remained conducting and cut-off by ON-OFF control circuit respectively.It addition, ON-OFF control circuit alternately performs conducting switching between the 3rd switch element and the 4th switch element.Therefore, booster converter can be made up of the 3rd switch element, the 4th switch element and inductance element.It addition, determine the duty cycle of switching of the third and fourth switch element according to the output from error amplifier.
When the 3rd switch element and the 4th switch element are respectively set to conducting and cut-off, the second terminal of inductance element is connected to reference potential, and thus energy runs up to inductance element from voltage input-terminal side.It addition, when the 3rd switch element and the 4th switch element are respectively set to be switched off and on, the second terminal of inductance element is connected to output voltage terminals, and thus energy is discharged into output voltage terminals side from inductance element.When between the 3rd switch element and the 4th switch element, alternately switched conductive sets, boost operations is performed.In the case of step-up/down operation is switched to boost operations, two i.e. the third and fourth switch element can be reduced to from four i.e. the first to the 4th switch element by the number of the transistor of handover operation.Therefore, this allows to reduce switching loss.
It is arranged to the step of cut-off at the first to the 4th switch element, makes DC-DC converter become operation stop condition.Now, the current channel from voltage input-terminal to output voltage terminals is blocked by the first switch element.This situation is possible to prevent to flow to from voltage input-terminal the dark current of output voltage terminals when the operation of DC-DC converter is stopped.
In response to the startup order of the DC-DC converter for activation manipulation halted state, above-mentioned steps is converted to following step, and wherein the first state and the second state are alternately performed.In the first state, energy runs up to inductance element from voltage input-terminal side.In the second condition, energy is discharged into output voltage terminals side from inductance element.In the case of the first state and the second state are alternately repeated, step-up/down operation is performed.Because step-up/down operation prevents the direct conduction between voltage input-terminal and output voltage terminals, this allows to prevent that prominent stream flows to output voltage terminals side from voltage input-terminal.Such that it is able to realize soft start operation.
When output voltage becomes to be above input voltage, steps noted above is transformed into following step, wherein, first switch element and second switch element are maintained separately conducting and cut-off, and alternately perform conducting handover operation between the 3rd switch element and the 4th switch element in response to the output from error amplifier.In this step, booster converter is made up of the 3rd switch element, the 4th switch element and inductance element, and thus boost operations is performed.In the case of step-up/down operation is switched to boost operations, two i.e. the third and fourth switch element can be reduced to from four i.e. the first to the 4th switch element by the number of the transistor of handover operation.Therefore, this allows to reduce switching loss.
As it has been described above, above-mentioned step-up/step-down type DC-DC converter and control circuit and control method thereof can prevent dark current when the operation of DC-DC converter is stopped.It addition, during DC-DC converter is working the output voltage period less than input voltage simultaneously, step-up/down operation is done so that and prevents prominent stream and can realize soft start operation.It addition, during DC-DC converter is working the output voltage cycle higher than input voltage simultaneously, boost operations is done so that switching loss can be lowered.It is, therefore, possible to provide one can rise high-tension step-up/step-down type DC-DC converter in the case of controlling to prevent the two condition with dark current meeting soft start.
Reading in conjunction with the accompanying detailed description below can more clear above and other purpose and novel feature.It is to be clearly understood that accompanying drawing is intended for purposes of discussion, and the not intended to limit present invention.Fig. 1 is the circuit diagram of step-up/step-down type DC-DC converter 1.This DC-DC converter has so-called H bridge type switching regulator structure, and includes: choking-winding L1；Transistor FET1, FET2, FET3 and FET4；Output capacitor C1；And control circuit 11.Input terminal Tin is connected to the drain terminal of transistor FET1, and input voltage vin is imported in FET1.The source terminal of transistor FET1 is connected to terminal Tx and the drain terminal of transistor FET2 of choking-winding L1.The source terminal of transistor FET2 is connected to reference potential.The gate terminal of transistor FET1 and FET2 is connected respectively to lead-out terminal DH1 and DL1 of control circuit 11.
The drain terminal of transistor FET4 is connected to lead-out terminal Tout, and input voltage vin is increased or reduces to be output as output voltage Vout.It is connected between lead-out terminal Tout and reference potential via the output capacitor C1 of the power of choking-winding L1 offer for accumulation.It addition, lead-out terminal Tout is connected to the input terminal FB of control circuit 11.The source terminal of transistor FET4 is connected to terminal Ty and the drain terminal of transistor FET3 of choking-winding L1.The source terminal of transistor FET3 is connected to reference potential.The gate terminal of transistor FET3 and FET4 is connected respectively to lead-out terminal DH2 and DL2.It addition, input voltage vin is provided to control circuit 11 as supply voltage VCC.
The structure of control circuit 11 will be described.The current sensing signal Vs detecting the inductive current IL flowing through choking-winding L1 is imported in input terminal CS.Input terminal FB is connected to a terminal of resistive element R1, and resistive element R1 is connected to reference potential via resistive element R2.Junction point between resistive element R1 and R2 is connected to the reversed input terminal of error amplifier ERA.It addition, reference voltage e1 is applied to the in-phase input terminal of error amplifier ERA.Output signal Eout is exported from error amplifier ERA.The lead-out terminal of error amplifier ERA is connected to the in-phase input terminal of voltage comparator COMP1, and output signal Eout is imported in COMP1.It addition, input terminal CS is connected to the reversed input terminal of voltage comparator COMP1, and current sensing signal Vs is imported in COMP1.Output signal V1 is exported from voltage comparator COMP1.It addition, clock signal clk is exported from agitator OSC.The lead-out terminal of voltage comparator COMP1 and the lead-out terminal of agitator OSC are connected to state control circuit SC.Lead-out terminal Q1 and Q2 of state control circuit SC is connected respectively to lead-out terminal DH1 and DH2, and lead-out terminal * Q1 and * Q2 is connected respectively to lead-out terminal DL1 and DL2.Control signal VQ1, * VQ1, VQ2 and * VQ2 are exported from lead-out terminal Q1, * Q1, Q2 and * Q2 respectively.State control circuit SC controls control signal VQ1, * VQ1, VQ2 and * VQ2 according to clock signal clk and output signal V1.
The operation of DC-DC converter 1 will be described.In DC-DC converter 1, as shown in Fig. 2 to Fig. 4, obtain state (1), (2) and (3) according to the conducting of transistor FET1, FET2, FET3 and FET4 and the combination of cut-off.
When control signal VQ1 and VQ2 are high level and * VQ1 and * VQ2 is low level, transistor FET1 and FET3 turns on, and FET2 and FET4 cut-off.Therefore, as in figure 2 it is shown, the terminal Tx of choking-winding L1 is connected to input terminal Tin, terminal Ty is connected to reference potential, and state (1) is obtained.Under state (1), energy is run up in choking-winding L1 from input terminal Tin side, and inductive current IL increases with constant steeper slope as time goes by.Now, in the case of the inductance value of choking-winding L1 is defined as L, calculate increase slope by (Vin/L).
When control signal * VQ1 and * VQ2 is high level and when VQ1 and VQ2 is low level, transistor FET1 and FET3 ends, and FET2 and FET4 conducting.Therefore, as it is shown on figure 3, the terminal Tx of choking-winding L1 is connected to reference potential, terminal Ty is connected to lead-out terminal Tout, and state (2) is obtained.Under state (2), energy is discharged into lead-out terminal Tout side from choking-winding L1, and inductive current IL reduces with constant steeper slope as time goes by.Now, pass through-(Vout/L) calculate reduction slope.
When control signal VQ1 and * VQ2 are high level and when * VQ1 and VQ2 is low level, transistor FET1 and FET4 turns on, and FET2 and FET3 cut-off.Therefore, as shown in Figure 4, the terminal Tx of choking-winding L1 is connected to input Tin, terminal Ty and is connected to lead-out terminal Tout, and state (3) is obtained.Under state (3), when input voltage vin is higher than output voltage Vout, energy from input terminal Tin side is accumulated in choking-winding L1 and is simultaneously provided to lead-out terminal Tout side, and inductive current IL increases with constant-slope as time goes by.On the other hand, when input voltage vin is less than output voltage Vout, energy is discharged into lead-out terminal Tout side from choking-winding L1, and inductive current IL reduces with constant-slope as time goes by.Now, inductive current IL increase under state (3) and reduce slope and be respectively smaller than the increase slope under state (1) and the reduction slope under state (2).It addition, when input voltage vin is close to output voltage Vout, inductive current IL increase/reduction slope vanishing under state (3).
The operation of DC-DC converter 1 that will describe with reference to Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 in first embodiment.In the first embodiment, as shown in the state transition graph of Fig. 5, period 1 operation TO1 is made up of state (1) and state (2), and operates TO2 second round and be made up of state (1) and state (3).Repeat according to state (1), (2), (1), (3), this order in (1) ..., and alternately repeat period 1 operation TO1 and operate TO2 second round.
Oscillogram with reference to Fig. 6 is described the operation of DC-DC converter 1 in first embodiment.Clock signal clk includes the clock pulses with basic cycle T.Output electric current Iout is inductive current average in state 2 and state 3 times flowing.Here, period performs the cycle of period 1 operation TO1 and is defined as period 1 T1, and period performs and operates cycle of TO2 second round and be defined as T2 second round.Make period 1 T1 equal to the basic cycle T of clock signal clk, and make T2 second round become the value up to n times of period 1 T1.Here, n is the natural number of two or more, and it is defined as the predetermined value of the relation between fluctuation or input voltage vin and the output voltage Vout that basis such as loads.The situation of n=4 will be described in the present embodiment.It addition, also input voltage vin will be described in the present embodiment close to the value of approximately equal to output voltage Vout and the operation that carries out during slope about zero of current sensing signal Vs under state (3).
Period 1 operation TO1 will be described.At moment t1(Fig. 6) place, according to the rising edge of the clock pulses of clock signal clk, state control circuit SC makes control signal * VQ2 be changed into low level and make control signal VQ2 be changed into high level.Therefore, state (1) is set, and period 1 operation TO1 is activated.Under state (1), because choking-winding L1 receives energy from input side in the case of being cut off with outlet side, so current sensing signal Vs increases with steeper slope.
At moment t2, when current sensing signal Vs reaches output signal Eout, output signal V1 of voltage comparator COMP1 is changed into low level from high level.According to the input of low-level output signal V1, state control circuit SC makes control signal VQ1 and VQ2 be changed into low level and make control signal * VQ1 and * VQ2 be changed into high level.Therefore, state (1) is switched to state (2).Under state (2), because choking-winding L1 is blocked with input side and is simultaneously connected to outlet side, so current sensing signal Vs reduces with steeper slope.Then, state (2) is maintained until till next clock signal clk is transfused to.
Then, will be operated TO2 second round to be described.At moment t3, according to the rising edge of the clock pulses of clock signal clk, state control circuit SC makes control signal VQ1 and VQ2 be changed into high level and make control signal * VQ1 and * VQ2 be changed into low level.Therefore, state (2) is switched to state (1).Thus, period 1 operation TO1 terminates, and operates TO2 second round and be activated.Under state (1), current sensing signal Vs increases with steeper slope.
At moment t4, when current sensing signal Vs reaches output signal Eout, output signal V1 of voltage comparator COMP1 is changed into low level from high level.According to the input of low-level output signal V1, state control circuit SC makes control signal VQ2 be changed into low level and make control signal * VQ2 be changed into high level.Therefore, state (1) is switched to state (3).
Then, state (3) is maintained until till T2 second round terminates.Under state (3), because input voltage vin is close to output voltage Vout, so as shown in Figure 6, the slope of current sensing signal Vs is about zero.Therefore, the value that current sensing signal Vs remains about at moment t4 is constant.Therefore, in state (3) period, during about maximum current is maintained at choking-winding L1.
At moment t8, second round, T2 terminated.Then, according to the rising edge of clock signal clk, state control circuit SC makes control signal * VQ2 be changed into low level and make control signal VQ2 be changed into high level.Therefore, state (3) is switched to state (1).Thus, operate TO2 second round and terminate, and period 1 operation TO1 is activated.
Under the state (1) of period 1 operation TO1, current sensing signal Vs increases with steeper slope.Here, during the period of the state (3) in previous second round T2, maximum current transducing signal Vs is kept.Consequently, because current sensing signal Vs reaches output signal Eout at moment t8, so at the minimum conduction pulses (on-pulse) moment t9 after the period, state (1) is switched to state (2).
Thus repeat with state (1), (2), (1), (3), the such order in (1) ..., and alternately repeat period 1 operation TO1 and operate TO2 second round.Then, in the region shown in oblique line in figure 6, energy is provided to lead-out terminal Tout side so that inductive current is provided to load and is accumulated into output capacitor C1.
It addition, the on-off times in each unit interval will be described with reference to Fig. 6.Here, the switch in the present embodiment is defined as the number of times that transistor FET1, FET2, FET3 are turned off successively with each in FET4, connect, turn off or in turn switched on, turn off, connect.Therefore, in a switch, there is twice conversion of conducted state.According in the operation in Fig. 6 of first embodiment, perform once to switch to transistor FET1 and FET2 in equal to the cycle (=(n+1) × T) of period 1 T1 and the summation of T2 second round.That is, the on-off times SC1 within each unit interval of each transistor in transistor FET1 and FET2 is represented by following expression formula.
SC1=1/ ((n+1) × T) (secondary/second) expression formula (1)
Similarly, in equal to the cycle (=(n+1) × T) of period 1 T1 and the summation of T2 second round, transistor FET3 and FET4 is performed twice switch.That is, the on-off times SC2 within each unit interval of each transistor in transistor FET3 and FET4 is represented by following expression formula.
SC2=2/ ((n+1) × T) (secondary/second) expression formula (2)
Therefore, the average switch number of times of each transistor is represented by following expression formula.
ASC=1.5/ ((n+1) × T) (secondary/second) expression formula (3)
On the other hand, Fig. 7 shows the example that traditional circuit operates.In traditional circuit operation, transistor FET1, FET2, FET3 and FET4 do not operate in two kinds of cycles but operate in same basic cycle T.Therefore, it is not across multiple clock cycle of clock signal clk and controls transistor.In this case, perform once to switch to transistor FET1, FET2, FET3 and FET4 in two cycles (=2 × T).That is, the on-off times PSC within each unit interval of each transistor in transistor FET1, FET2, FET3 and FET4 is represented by following expression formula.
PSC=1/ (2 × T) (secondary/second) expression formula (4)
Therefore, expression formula (3) and (4) demonstrate when n >=3, and the average switch number of times ASC of first embodiment is less than traditional on-off times PSC.
As in discussed in detail above, in the DC-DC converter 1 according to first embodiment, operate state in TO2 (1) in second round and be switched to state (3) so that the increase slope of inductive current IL is lowered.Consequently, because no matter operate second round TO2 second round T2 length how can prevent the current peak peak value of inductive current IL from increasing, it is possible to make T2 second round operating TO2 second round be longer than the period 1 and operate the period 1 T1 of TO1.Here, because period 1 T1 is a clock cycle of clock signal clk, it is possible to by making T2 second round be longer than the multi-clock control that period 1 T1 realizes crossing over multiple clock cycle of clock signal clk and is controlled transistor.Because therefore the average frequency of switching of transistor FET1, FET2, FET3 and FET4 can be reduced, thus when ON/OFF generate switch drive loss with from connects (shutoff) to shutoff (connection) transitive state under switch conduction losses can be lowered.Therefore, the efficiency of DC-DC converter can be enhanced.
The operation of DC-DC converter 1 that will describe with reference to Fig. 8 and Fig. 9 in the second embodiment.In a second embodiment, period 1 operation TO1a is used to replace the period 1 operation TO1 of first embodiment.As shown in the state transition graph of Fig. 8, period 1 operation TO1a is made up of state (2), and operates TO2 second round and be made up of state (1) and (3).Repeat according to state (1), (3), (2), (1) this order, and alternately repeat period 1 operation TO1a and operate TO2 second round.
Oscillogram with reference to Fig. 9 is described the operation of DC-DC converter 1 in the second embodiment.Here, period perform the period 1 operation TO1a cycle be defined as period 1 T1a.Make the period 1 T1a basic cycle T equal to clock signal clk.It addition, because other structures are identical with those of first embodiment, so detailed description will be omitted.
Period 1 operation TO1a will be described.At moment t11, according to the rising edge of the clock pulses of clock signal clk, state control circuit SC makes control signal VQ1 be changed into low level and make control signal * VQ1 be changed into high level.Therefore, state (2) is set, and period 1 operation TO1a is activated.Under state (2), current sensing signal Vs reduces with steeper slope.Then, state (2) is kept, until subsequent clock cycle CLK is transfused to.Thus, in period 1 T1a, the period of state (2) is fixed to predetermined basic cycle T.
Then, will be operated TO2 second round to be described.At moment t13, according to the rising edge of the clock pulses of clock signal clk, state control circuit SC makes control signal VQ1 and VQ2 be changed into high level and make control signal * VQ1 and * VQ2 be changed into low level.Therefore, state (2) is switched to state (1).Thus, period 1 operation TO1a terminates, and operates TO2 second round and be activated.Under state (1), current sensing signal Vs increases with steeper slope.
At moment t14, when current sensing signal Vs reaches output signal Eout, according to the input of low-level output signal V1, state control circuit SC makes control signal VQ2 be changed into low level and make control signal * VQ2 be changed into high level.Therefore, state (1) is switched to state (3).Then, state (3) is kept, until T2 second round is in the past.Under state (3), because input voltage vin is close to output voltage Vout, so the slope of current sensing signal Vs is about zero as shown in Figure 9.
At moment t18, second round, T2 terminated.According to the rising edge of clock signal clk, state control circuit SC makes control signal VQ1 be changed into low level and make control signal * VQ1 be changed into high level.Therefore, state (3) is switched to state (2).Thus, operate TO2 second round and terminate, and period 1 operation TO1a is activated.
Thus with state (2), (1), (3), (2) ... such order repeats, and alternately repeats period 1 operation TO1a and operate TO2 second round.Then, in the region shown in oblique line in fig .9, energy is provided to lead-out terminal Tout side so that inductive current is provided to load and is accumulated into output capacitor C1.
It addition, the on-off times in each unit interval will be described with reference to Fig. 9.In operation in the Fig. 9 according to the second embodiment, perform once to switch to transistor FET1, FET2, FET3 and FET4 in equal to cycle (the n+1) × T of period 1 T1a and the summation of T2 second round.That is, the on-off times SCa within each unit interval of each transistor in transistor FET1, FET2, FET3 and FET4 is represented by following expression formula.
SCa=1/ ((n+1) × T) (secondary/second) expression formula (5)
Therefore, expression formula (4) and (5) demonstrate when n >=2, and on-off times SCa becomes less than traditional on-off times PSC.
As in discussed in detail above, in the DC-DC converter 1 according to the second embodiment, period 1 operation TO1a is only made up of state (2), and state (2) is kept during basic cycle T.It addition, operate in TO2 in second round, state (1) is switched to state (3) so that the increase slope of inductive current IL is lowered.It is therefore prevented that the current peak peak value of inductive current IL increases, and decrease the on-off times of FET3 and FET4 simultaneously.Therefore, the efficiency of DC-DC converter can be enhanced.
The operation of DC-DC converter 1b that will describe with reference to Figure 10 and Figure 11 in the 3rd embodiment.Figure 10 shows the circuit diagram of DC-DC converter 1b in the 3rd embodiment.DC-DC converter 1b has so-called H bridge type switching regulator structure, and described H bridge type switching regulator includes P-type transistor FET1b and FET4b and N-type transistor FET2b and FET3b.Transistor FET1b, FET2b, FET3b and FET4b are respectively provided with body diode BD1, BD2, BD3 and BD4.The forward of body diode BD1 is from terminal Tx to input terminal Tin, and the forward of body diode BD2 is from reference potential to terminal Tx, and the forward of body diode BD3 is from reference potential to terminal Ty, and the forward of BD4 is from terminal Ty to lead-out terminal Tout.It addition, one of terminal of load RL is connected to lead-out terminal Tout, and another terminal loading RL is connected to reference potential.
Control circuit 11b includes resistive element R1 and R2, SS (soft start) control circuit SS, error amplifier ERA2, and ON-OFF control circuit 12.Operating control signal CNT is imported into SS (soft start) control circuit SS by input terminal TS, and soft-start signal VCS is exported from SS (soft start) control circuit SS.The junction point of resistive element R1 and R2 is connected to the inverting input of error amplifier ERA2, and dividing potential drop VN1 is inputted from described inverting input.Reference voltage e1b is connected to first in-phase input terminal of error amplifier ERA2, and soft-start signal VCS is imported into second in-phase input terminal of error amplifier ERA2.Error between junior in reference voltage e1b and soft-start signal VCS and dividing potential drop VN1 is amplified by error amplifier ERA2, with output signal output Eout2.
ON-OFF control circuit 12 includes pwm control circuit PWM1, voltage comparator COMP2, phase inverter INV1, and with circuit AND1.Output voltage Vout is imported into the reversed input terminal of voltage comparator COMP2 and input voltage vin is imported into the in-phase input terminal of voltage comparator COMP2 by input terminal TI.It is imported into and circuit AND1 from output signal V2 of voltage comparator COMP2 output.It addition, output signal Eout2 is transfused to pwm control circuit PWM1.It is imported into the gate terminal of transistor FET3b and FET4b from control signal VQ1b of pwm control circuit PWM1 output by lead-out terminal D2, is inverted at phase inverter INV1, is then fed into and circuit AND1.It is imported into the gate terminal of transistor FET1b and FET2b by lead-out terminal D1 from control signal VQ2b exported with circuit AND1.Because the other parts of the structure of DC-DC converter 1b are identical with the DC-DC converter 1 of first embodiment, so its detailed description will be omitted.
Oscillogram with reference to Figure 11 is described the operation of DC-DC converter 1b.When the operating control signal CNT inputted from unshowned CPU etc. is set as high level, control circuit 11b makes DC-DC converter 1b start soft start operation.When operating control signal CNT is set as low level, control circuit 11b stops the operation of DC-DC converter 1b.It should be noted that soft start operation is to make output voltage Vout from zero operation being increased to predetermined set voltage when DC-DC converter 1b starts.
Here will stop being described to the operation of DC-DC converter 1b before moment t21.Transistor FET1b and FET4b is disposed in from input terminal Tin to the current channel of lead-out terminal Tout.When the operation of DC-DC converter is stopped, transistor FET1b to FET4b is all kept cut-off.It addition, make the polarity inversion of body diode BD1, from input terminal Tin towards lead-out terminal Tout.Therefore, blocked from input terminal Tin to the current channel of lead-out terminal Tout by transistor FET1b.Such that it is able to prevent to flow to the dark current of lead-out terminal Tout from input terminal Tin when DC-DC converter 1b stops operation.It addition, by preventing dark current, when the operation of DC-DC converter 1b is stopped, output voltage Vout can be retained as 0(V).
The operation on startup of DC-DC converter 1b will be described.When operating control signal CNT is changed into high level at moment t21 from low level, DC-DC converter 1b is activated.High level in response to operating control signal CNT changes, and gradually rises (arrow A1) from soft-start signal VCS of SS (soft start) control circuit SS output from 0V.Starting to during the period that moment t23 terminates from moment t21, soft-start signal VCS is less than reference potential e1b.Therefore, the difference between soft-start signal VCS and dividing potential drop VN1 is amplified by error amplifier ERA2.
The triangular wave being internally generated is compared by pwm control circuit PWM1 with output signal Eout2.If output signal Eout2 is higher than triangular wave, then pwm control circuit PWM1 exports high-level control signal VQ1b.Therefore, pwm control circuit PWM1 works as output voltage pulse width converter, has the pulse of following pulsewidth for output, and described pulsewidth depends on the level of output signal Eout2.
Starting describing to the operation during the period that moment t22 terminates from moment t21, in this period, output voltage Vout is less than input voltage vin.During this period, high level output signal V2 is exported from voltage comparator COMP2 and is subsequently input into and circuit AND1.Then, the output signal of phase inverter INV1 is allowed to pass through and output it as control signal VQ2b(arrow A2 with circuit AND1).
When control signal VQ1b and control signal VQ2b are high level and low level respectively, transistor FET1b and FET3b is switched on and transistor FET2b and FET4b is turned off.Therefore, as in figure 2 it is shown, terminal Tx and Ty of choking-winding L1 is connected respectively to input terminal Tin and reference potential, and state (1) is entered.Under state (1), energy is run up in choking-winding L1 from input terminal Tin side.
On the other hand, when control signal VQ1b and control signal VQ2b are low level and high level respectively, transistor FET1b and FET3b is turned off and transistor FET2b and FET4b is switched on.Therefore, as it is shown on figure 3, terminal Tx and Ty of choking-winding L1 is connected respectively to reference potential and lead-out terminal Tout, and state (2) is entered.Under state (2), energy is discharged into lead-out terminal Tout side from choking-winding L1.
Because state (1) and (2) are starting during the period that moment t22 terminates alternately to be repeated from moment t21, so step-up/down operation is performed.In the case of step-up/down operation is performed, transistor FET1b and FET4b never simultaneously turns on.That is, this prevent input voltage vin and output voltage Vout becomes directly to turn on.As a result, this allows to prevent that prominent stream flows to output capacitor C1 from input voltage vin.Because preventing output voltage Vout to be increased to input voltage vin sharp, output voltage Vout gradually rises along with the rising of soft-start signal VCS.That is, DC-DC converter 1b can realize soft start operation.
Then, will describe the operation during the period after moment t22, in this period, output voltage Vout is higher than input voltage vin.When output signal V2 reaches input voltage vin at moment t22, output signal V2 is reversed to low level (arrow A3) from high level in voltage comparator COMP2.Because the output signal of phase inverter INV1 being shielded (mask) with circuit AND1 in response to the input of low-level output signal V2, so being fixed to low level (arrow A4) with control signal VQ2b of circuit AND1.As a result, because transistor FET1b and FET2b is fixed to conducting respectively and arranges and cut-off setting, so the terminal Tx of choking-winding L1 is fixed when being connected to input terminal Tin.
When control signal VQ1b is high level, transistor FET3b and FET4b is switched on and off respectively.Therefore, terminal Ty is connected to reference potential and energy and runs up to choking-winding L1 from input terminal Tin side.When control signal VQ1b is low level, transistor FET3b with FET4b is turned off respectively and connects.Therefore, terminal Ty is connected to lead-out terminal Tout side and energy and is discharged into lead-out terminal Tout side from choking-winding L1.Therefore, in the period after moment t22, booster converter is made up of transistor FET3b and FET4b and choking-winding L1, and boost operations is performed.It should be noted that the duty cycle of switching of transistor FET3b and FET4b is the level according to output signal Eout2 from error amplifier ERA2 and determines.
In boost operations, when control signal VQ1b is low level, transistor FET1b and FET4b becomes conducting and input voltage vin simultaneously and output voltage Vout becomes to turn on directly with one another.Thus define from input voltage vin by transistor FET1b, choking-winding L1 and the current channel of transistor FET4b to output capacitor C1.Therefore, if performing boost operations during output voltage Vout is less than the period of input voltage vin, then prominent stream flows to output capacitor C1 from input voltage vin.But, in the case of DC-DC converter 1b in the third embodiment, during output voltage Vout is less than the period of input voltage vin, perform step-up/down operation rather than boost operations.Because being formed without from input voltage vin to the current channel of output capacitor C1 in the case of step-up/down operates, it is possible to prevent the flowing of prominent stream.It is therefore prevented that output voltage Vout is increased to input voltage vin sharp and can realize soft start operation.
It addition, in the case of DC-DC converter 1b in the third embodiment, output voltage Vout become to be above the moment t22 of input voltage vin in the past after, step-up/down operation is switched to boost operations.Consequently, because can be avoided by, so switching loss can be lowered by being reduced to two streams of dashing forward from four simultaneously by the number of the transistor of switching manipulation.
As it has been described above, DC-DC converter 1b of invention can avoid the generation of dark current when its operation is stopped.It addition, when DC-DC converter 1b is activated, be less than the period of input voltage at output voltage, step-up/down operation is performed, and thus soft start operation can be performed.It addition, when DC-DC converter is activated, be higher than the period of input voltage at output voltage, boost operations is performed, and thus switching loss can be lowered.Such that it is able to provide one to be capable of the step-up dc-dc converter of the prevention dark current that prominent stream prevents and export slope (ramp) to control.
It addition, the present invention is certainly not limited to these embodiments, and various improvement and amendment can be carried out without deviating from the scope of the present invention.Although described above is first embodiment, wherein close to output voltage Vout and current sensing signal Vs, the slope under state (3) is about zero to input voltage vin, but the invention is not restricted to this embodiment.When input voltage vin is higher than output voltage Vout, current sensing signal Vs increases with constant-slope under state (3).Because the end current transducing signal Vs of T2 reaches output signal Eout in second round, so following the period of the state (1) in the period 1 T1 after second round T2 to become the minimum conduction pulses period.On the other hand, when input voltage vin is less than output voltage Vout, current sensing signal Vs reduces with constant-slope under state (3).Because second round T2 end current transducing signal Vs less than output signal Eout, institute is so that following the period of the state (1) in the period 1 T1 after second round T2 to become the period reaching output signal Eout until current sensing signal Vs.Therefore, the operation of first embodiment can be realized in the case of both above.Even if it addition, in input voltage vin higher or lower than under output voltage Vout both of these case, also it is of course possible to be similarly implemented the operation of the second embodiment of the present invention.
Although it addition, make period 1 T1 be equal to basic cycle T in an embodiment, but T can be differently configured from basic cycle T.
Although it addition, in an embodiment T2 second round be set to up to the value of period 1 T1n times and n is set to 2 or bigger natural number, but the invention is not restricted to this embodiment.N can be replaced with the real number of 1 or bigger.Such as, when by basic cycle T application frequency dividing is obtained period 1 T1, n can be replaced with a real number.In this case, it is assumed that obtain period 1 T1 by applying 1/2 frequency dividing to basic cycle T and obtain T2 second round by applying 1/5 frequency dividing to basic cycle T, then T2 second round is up to 2.5 times of period 1 T1.Even if the cycle of clock signal clk itself adjusts between T2 at period 1 T1 and second round, naturally it is also possible to replace n with a real number.
It addition, in an embodiment, it is of course possible to apply to compensate signal to current sensing signal Vs and output signal Eout and carry out stability contorting.
Although it addition, in an embodiment T2 second round is set to one there is the value up to period 1 T1 tetra-doubling time, but the invention is not restricted to this embodiment.Of course, it is possible to T2 second round dynamically carried out variable control according to the change of the relation between input voltage and output voltage and output loading.Such as, when shortening to be allowed to the generation that changes according to output loading, the period of state (3) can be shortened, and thus the following feature of DC-DC converter can be strengthened when T2 second round being carried out variable control.It addition, when T2 second round dynamically being carried out variable control and increasing with the reduction that is allowed to according to the potential difference between input voltage vin and output voltage Vout and when being allowed to reduce according to the increase of potential difference, on-off times can be reduced further.
Though it addition, in the first embodiment period 1 operation TO1 with operate the existence ratio (existence ratio) of TO2 second round and be set to 1:1, but the invention is not restricted to this embodiment.Of course, it is possible to existence ratio is set to arbitrary value.To period 1 operation TO1 with operate the existence ratio of TO2 second round and carry out variable control so that the time ratio of state (3) with whole state can be adjusted.Such as, when by with the order of TO1, TO1, TO2, TO1 ... repeat period 1 operation TO1 and operate second round TO2 to reduce the existence that operates TO2 second round than time, it is possible to obtain the effect identical with the period shortening state (3).
Although it addition, in an embodiment transistor FET2 and FET4 is used as synchronous rectification element, but the invention is not restricted to this embodiment, and diode element can be used for rectification.For example, it is possible to replace at least one in transistor FET2 and FET4 with diode, or diode can be made to be connected in parallel with at least one in transistor FET2 and FET4.
Although it addition, employ FET1, FET2, FET3 and FET4 of N-type FET in the embodiment shown in fig. 1, but the invention is not restricted to this embodiment.It is of course possible to replace any one in N-type FET or whole by one or more p-types FET.
The inductive current IL that current sensing signal Vs is not limited to flowing through choking-winding L1 detects, and can detect the electric current of at least one transistor flowed through in transistor FET1 and FET3.
In the first and second embodiment, operate state in TO2 (1) in second round and be switched to state (3), thus reduce the increase slope of inductive current IL and be possible to prevent current peak peak value to increase.But, the invention is not restricted to this embodiment.State (2) can be switched to state (3) and the reduction slope of inductive current IL is lowered.Such that it is able to prevent the minimum current value of inductive current IL from reducing, and T2 second round can be made to be longer than period 1 T1.
Although it addition, clock signal clk is used for step-up/step-down type DC-DC converter in the first and second embodiment, but the invention is not restricted to this embodiment.As long as replacing DC-DC converter when input voltage vin is higher than output voltage Vout with buck DC-DC converter or replacing DC-DC converter when input voltage vin is less than output voltage Vout by step-up dc-dc converter, clock signal clk just can be common to both DC-DC converter.
Furthermore it is possible to formed the control circuit 11 and 11b in embodiment by single or multiple semiconductor chips.It addition, DC-DC converter 1 can consist of single or multiple semiconductor chips and can be organized into module certainly.
Although DC-DC converter 1b in the 3rd embodiment controls to operate according to voltage mode, but control mode is not limited to this.Comparative result that the inventive point of the 3rd embodiment is depending between output voltage and input voltage and between step-up/down operation and boost operations handover operation.Therefore, Controlled in Current Mode and Based can be applicable to the 3rd embodiment certainly.
Although transistor FET1b and FET4b in the 3rd embodiment is P-type transistor, but their type is not limited to this.Because the polarity of the body diode of transistor FET1b can be laid out such that forward should be to input terminal Tin from terminal Tx, so N-type transistor can be applicable to transistor FET1b certainly.
Although describing the execution soft start operation when DC-DC converter 1b is activated in the third embodiment, but the mode of soft start operation being not limited to this.Soft start can be performed control to make output voltage Vout be gradually lowered to zero from predetermined set voltage when the operation of DC-DC converter 1b is terminated.In such a case, it is possible to perform boost operations during output voltage is higher than the period of input voltage, and step-up/down can be switched to operate boost operations when output voltage gets lower than input voltage.
Additionally, transistor FET1 is the example of the first switch element, transistor FET2 is the example of the first rectifier cell, transistor FET4 is the example of the second rectifier cell, transistor FET3 is the example of second switch element, choking-winding L1 is the example of inductance element, and control circuit 11 is the example controlling parts.Additionally, transistor FET1b is the example of the first switch element, transistor FET2b is the example of second switch element, transistor FET3b is the example of the 3rd switch element, transistor FET4b is the example of the 4th switch element, pwm control circuit is the example of control signal generative circuit, and voltage comparator COMP2 is the example of comparator, and is the example of screened circuit with circuit AND1.
Step-up/step-down type DC-DC converter according to the present invention and control method thereof and control circuit, first such a step-up/step-down type DC-DC converter can be provided, wherein the current peak peak value of inductive current is suppressed and the average frequency of switching of switch element can be reduced simultaneously, and high efficiency can be implemented.Secondly a kind of step-up/step-down type DC-DC converter that can perform boost operations realizing soft start while controlling to prevent with dark current can be provided.

Claims (17)

1. a control method for step-up/step-down type dc-dc converter, described changer includes: first opens Closing element, it is connected between voltage input-terminal and a terminal of inductance element；First rectifier cell, It is connected between reference potential and a terminal of described inductance element；Second rectifier cell, it is connected Between another terminal of output voltage terminals and described inductance element；And second switch element, it is connected Being connected between another terminal of described reference potential and described inductance element, described method includes:
First state, wherein said first and second switching elements conductive；
Second state, wherein said first and second switch elements turn off；And
The third state, wherein said first switching elements conductive and described second switch element OFF,
And also include:
Period 1 operates, and it includes described second state and performs in the period 1；And
Second round operates, and it includes described first state and the third state and is to be longer than the described period 1 Second round in perform, wherein
The operation of described period 1 comprises the following steps:
Start by arranging described first state, and
It is switched to described second state from described first state when the electric current of described inductance element reaches predetermined value.
The control method of step-up/step-down type dc-dc converter the most according to claim 1, wherein
The length of described second round is n times of the length of described period 1, and wherein n is bigger than 1 Real number, and wherein, described second round, operation comprised the following steps:
Start by arranging described first state；And
When the electric current of described inductance element reaches predetermined value, described first state is switched to the described third state.
3. a control method for step-up/step-down type dc-dc converter, described changer includes: first opens Closing element, it is connected between voltage input-terminal and a terminal of inductance element；First rectifier cell, It is connected between reference potential and a terminal of described inductance element；Second rectifier cell, it is connected Between another terminal of output voltage terminals and described inductance element；And second switch element, it is connected Being connected between another terminal of described reference potential and described inductance element, described method includes:
First state, wherein said first and second switching elements conductive；
Second state, wherein said first and second switch elements turn off；And
The third state, wherein said first switching elements conductive and described second switch element OFF,
Period 1 operates, and it starts by arranging described second state, be made up of described second state and Period 1 performs；And
Second round operates, and it is by described first state and the third state forms and be to be longer than described first week The second round of phase performs；
The length of wherein said second round is n times of the length of described period 1, and wherein n is than 1 more Big real number.
4. according to the control method of the step-up/step-down type dc-dc converter described in claim 1 or 3, its In
Described second round, operation comprised the following steps:
Start by arranging described first state；And
It is switched to the described third state from described first state when the electric current of described inductance element reaches predetermined value.
5. according to the control method of the step-up/step-down type dc-dc converter described in Claims 2 or 3, its In
Described n is the natural number of 2 or bigger.
6. according to the control method of the step-up/step-down type dc-dc converter described in claim 1 or 3, its In
Described first rectifier cell is the 3rd switch element,
Described second rectifier cell is the 4th switch element,
Described third and fourth switch element turns off in said first condition,
Described third and fourth switch element turns in said second condition, and
Under the described third state, described 4th switching elements conductive, and described 3rd switch element shutoff.
7. a control circuit for step-up/step-down type dc-dc converter, including:
First switch element, it is connected between voltage input-terminal and a terminal of inductance element；
First rectifier cell, it is connected between reference potential and a terminal of described inductance element；
Second rectifier cell, it is connected between another terminal of output voltage terminals and described inductance element；
Second switch element, it is connected between another terminal of described reference potential and described inductance element； And
Controlling part, it is used for controlling: the first state, wherein said first and second switching elements conductive；The Two-state, wherein said first and second switch elements turn off；And the third state, wherein said first switch Element conductive and described second switch element OFF,
Described control circuit also includes:
Period 1 operates, and it includes described second state and performs in the period 1；And
Second round operates, and it includes described first state and the third state and is to be longer than the described period 1 Second round in perform, wherein
The operation of described period 1 comprises the following steps:
Start by arranging described first state, and
It is switched to described second state from described first state when the electric current of described inductance element reaches predetermined value.
The control circuit of step-up/step-down type dc-dc converter the most according to claim 7, also includes:
As the 3rd switch element of described first rectifier cell, and
As the 4th switch element of described second rectifier cell,
Wherein, described control part turns off described third and fourth switch element in said first condition, in institute State and under the second state, turn on described third and fourth switch element, and under the described third state, turn on described Four switch elements also turn off described 3rd switch element.
9. a step-up/step-down type dc-dc converter, including:
First switch element, it is connected between voltage input-terminal and a terminal of inductance element；
First rectifier cell, it is connected between reference potential and a terminal of described inductance element；
Second rectifier cell, it is connected between another terminal of output voltage terminals and described inductance element；
Second switch element, it is connected between another terminal of described reference potential and described inductance element； And
Controlling part, it is used for controlling: the first state, wherein said first and second switching elements conductive；The Two-state, wherein said first and second switch elements turn off；And the third state, wherein said first switch Element conductive and described second switch element OFF,
Described changer also includes:
Period 1 operates, and it includes described second state and performs in the period 1；And
Second round operates, and it includes described first state and the third state and is to be longer than the described period 1 Second round in perform, wherein
The operation of described period 1 comprises the following steps:
Start by arranging described first state, and
It is switched to described second state from described first state when the electric current of described inductance element reaches predetermined value.
10. a control circuit for step-up/step-down type dc-dc converter, including:
First switch element, it is connected between voltage input-terminal and the first terminal of inductance element, and described One switch element includes anti-paralleled diode, and the conducting of described anti-paralleled diode is from the first end of described inductance element Son is to the circuit in described voltage input-terminal direction；
Second switch element, it is connected between the first terminal of reference potential and described inductance element；
3rd switch element, it is connected between described reference potential and the second terminal of described inductance element；
4th switch element, it is connected between output voltage terminals and the second terminal of described inductance element；
SS (soft start) control circuit, carries out boosting or the soft-start signal of blood pressure lowering for output as time go on；
Error amplifier, between to junior and the output voltage in reference voltage and described soft-start signal Error be amplified, described reference voltage is for determining the setting voltage of described output voltage；And
ON-OFF control circuit, during output voltage is less than the period of input voltage, described ON-OFF control circuit root The first state and the second state is alternately switched, at described first shape according to the output from described error amplifier Under state described first and the 3rd switching elements conductive, the most described second and the 4th switch element Conducting, and during output voltage is higher than the period of input voltage, described ON-OFF control circuit is described first Switch element and described second switch element are respectively set in the case of turn-on and turn-off according to from described mistake Differ from the output of amplifier and be alternately turned on described 3rd switch element and described 4th switch element.
The control circuit of 11. step-up/step-down type dc-dc converters according to claim 10, wherein, Described ON-OFF control circuit includes:
Control signal generative circuit, is used for exporting control signal, and the pulsewidth that described control signal is had depends on Level from the output signal of described error amplifier；
Comparator, for comparing described output voltage with described input voltage；
Screened circuit, depends on the result that described comparator obtains, and it is less than described input at described output voltage Described control signal is allowed to pass through during the period of voltage, and at described output voltage higher than described input voltage Period during shield described control signal.
The control circuit of 12. step-up/step-down type dc-dc converters according to claim 11, wherein, During described output voltage is higher than the period of described input voltage, the output from described comparator is set to low electricity Put down, and described screened circuit is and circuit.
The control circuit of 13. step-up/step-down type dc-dc converters according to claim 10, wherein, Described error amplifier includes:
The first terminal of described error amplifier, described output voltage is imported into the first of described error amplifier Terminal, the first terminal of described error amplifier has the first polarity；
Second terminal of described error amplifier, described reference voltage is imported into the second of described error amplifier Terminal, the second terminal of described error amplifier has the second polarity；And
3rd terminal of described error amplifier, described soft-start signal is imported into the of described error amplifier Three terminals, the 3rd terminal of described error amplifier has described second polarity.
The control circuit of 14. step-up/step-down type dc-dc converters according to claim 11, wherein, Described error amplifier includes:
The first terminal of described error amplifier, described output voltage is imported into the first of described error amplifier Terminal, the first terminal of described error amplifier has the first polarity；
Second terminal of described error amplifier, described reference voltage is imported into the second of described error amplifier Terminal, the second terminal of described error amplifier has the second polarity；And
3rd terminal of described error amplifier, described soft-start signal is imported into the of described error amplifier Three terminals, the 3rd terminal of described error amplifier has described second polarity.
The control circuit of 15. step-up/step-down type dc-dc converters according to claim 12, wherein, Described error amplifier includes:
The first terminal of described error amplifier, described output voltage is imported into the first of described error amplifier Terminal, the first terminal of described error amplifier has the first polarity；
Second terminal of described error amplifier, described reference voltage is imported into the second of described error amplifier Terminal, the second terminal of described error amplifier has the second polarity；And
3rd terminal of described error amplifier, described soft-start signal is imported into the of described error amplifier Three terminals, the 3rd terminal of described error amplifier has described second polarity.
The control method of 16. 1 kinds of step-up/step-down type dc-dc converters, described changer includes: first Switch element, it is connected between voltage input-terminal and the first terminal of inductance element；Second switch element, It is connected between the first terminal of reference potential and described inductance element；3rd switch element, it is connected to institute State between reference potential and the second terminal of described inductance element；And the 4th switch element, it is connected to voltage Between lead-out terminal and the second terminal of described inductance element, said method comprising the steps of:
Described first to the 4th switch element is turned off；
In response to starting order, alternately repeat the first state and the second state, described in said first condition First and the 3rd switch element be switched on, the most described second and the 4th switch element be switched on； And
When output voltage becomes to be above input voltage, by described first switch element and described second switch element Remain turn-on and turn-off respectively, and alternately repeat described in response to the output from error amplifier The conducting of three switch elements and the conducting of described 4th switch element.
17. 1 kinds of step-up/step-down type dc-dc converters, including:
First switch element, it is connected between voltage input-terminal and the first terminal of inductance element, and described One switch element includes anti-paralleled diode, and the conducting of described anti-paralleled diode is from the first end of described inductance element Son is to the circuit in described voltage input-terminal direction；
Second switch element, it is connected between the first terminal of reference potential and described inductance element；
3rd switch element, it is connected between described reference potential and the second terminal of described inductance element；
4th switch element, it is connected between output voltage terminals and the second terminal of described inductance element；
SS (soft start) control circuit, carries out boosting or the soft-start signal of blood pressure lowering for output as time go on；
Error amplifier, between to junior and the output voltage in reference voltage and described soft-start signal Error be amplified, described reference voltage is for determining the setting voltage of described output voltage；And
ON-OFF control circuit, during output voltage is less than the period of input voltage, described ON-OFF control circuit root The first state and the second state is alternately switched, at described first shape according to the output from described error amplifier Under state described first and the 3rd switching elements conductive, the most described second and the 4th switch element Conducting, and during output voltage is higher than the period of input voltage, described ON-OFF control circuit is described first Switch element and described second switch element are respectively set in the case of turn-on and turn-off according to from described mistake Differ from the output of amplifier and be alternately turned on described 3rd switch element and described 4th switch element.
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