CN103552488A - Bilateral power supply system for electrified railway - Google Patents

Bilateral power supply system for electrified railway Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN103552488A
CN103552488A CN201310542875.XA CN201310542875A CN103552488A CN 103552488 A CN103552488 A CN 103552488A CN 201310542875 A CN201310542875 A CN 201310542875A CN 103552488 A CN103552488 A CN 103552488A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
traction
reactor
substation
transformer
net
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
CN201310542875.XA
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Other versions
CN103552488B (en
Inventor
李群湛
李亚楠
黄彦全
贺建闽
范红静
赵元哲
李子晗
张丽艳
解绍锋
郭锴
余俊祥
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Xi-nan Jiatoong Univ.
China Railway Corp
Original Assignee
Southwest Jiaotong University
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Southwest Jiaotong University filed Critical Southwest Jiaotong University
Priority to CN201310542875.XA priority Critical patent/CN103552488B/en
Publication of CN103552488A publication Critical patent/CN103552488A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN103552488B publication Critical patent/CN103552488B/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Landscapes

  • Supply And Distribution Of Alternating Current (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a bilateral power supply system for an electrified railway. The bilateral power supply system consists of adjacent traction power substations, traction nets and a section post, wherein the traction nets and the section post are arranged between the adjacent power substations; the secondary sides of traction transformers of the traction power substations are connected in series with reactors respectively; a circuit breaker in the section post is used for communicating the traction nets on both sides of the circuit breaker to construct bilateral power supply; the sum of the reactance values of the reactors in two adjacent traction power substations is equal to a minimum value required by current balancing of a power system; the ratio of the reactance values of the reactors in adjacent traction power substations to the sum of leakage impedance values of corresponding traction transformers is inversely proportional to the ratio of rated capacities of the traction transformers of the adjacent traction power substations; the traction transformers and the reactors which are connected in series with the transformers can be combined into a more compact high-leakage-reactance traction transformer in order to reduce land occupation of the traction power substations; a neutral section where the section post between adjacent traction power substations is positioned can be eliminated without influencing normal running of the power system, and the technology is advanced and is easy to implement.

Description

A kind of electrified railway two way feeding system
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of electrified railway two way feeding system, particularly by the electrified railway of handing over the traction of orthogonal electric train, cancelled the two way feeding system of section post electricity phase-splitting.
Background technology
That monophase system has is simple in structure, construction cost is low, utilization and the advantage such as easy to maintenance, has determined that it is the power supply of electric train tracted load that electric railway traction net generally adopts single phase industrial frequence alternating current.For making the uniform distribution as far as possible in three-phase electrical power system of single-phase tracted load, electric railway traction net has adopted the scheme of rotation phase sequence, phase-splitting switched-mode power supply.Between the adjacent service area at phase-splitting subregion place, with neutral section insulator, cut apart, form electric phase-splitting, also claim phase-splitting.Electricity phase-splitting is the weakest link of traction net and power supply bottleneck, and the logical phase splitting of electric train is the most accidents caused, impact power supply and traffic safety.
Solve electric phase-splitting and do not have two kinds of methods outward: the one, adopt automatic passing over of neutral section technology, the one, cancel electric phase-splitting.
For the former, continuous rising along with train speed, driver, cannot manually move back level, close auxiliary unit, disconnected line circuit breaker, by train inertia cross neutral section, again co-host break road device, close auxiliary unit, enter level restoration tractive output and completed phase-splitting in the situation that, for preventing that the charged logical phase splitting of electric train from burning out overhead contact line parts because of arcing, even cause the accidents such as phase fault, need take automatic passing over of neutral section technology, to improve, train is charged, the ability of the electric phase-splitting of safety.It is several that present stage mainly contains the ground switch automatic passing over of neutral section etc. that automatically switched on phase-splitting, vehicle-mounted automatic passing over of neutral section and post, but still there is the electric process of transient state that in switching over, train leads to phase splitting, easily produce larger switching surge or excess current, cause the accidents such as traction net and mobile unit scaling loss, even there is automatic passing over of neutral section failure, still affect power supply reliability and safe train operation.Visible, even adopt automatic passing over of neutral section technology, electric phase-splitting link remains the weak link in whole tractive power supply system.
For the latter, divide two kinds of situations: situation one is to adopt cophase supply technology, and to cancel the electric phase-splitting in traction substation exit, its key is effectively to administer negative-sequence current, makes imbalance of three-phase voltage degree reach GB requirement; Situation two is to implement two way feeding, and to cancel the residing electric phase-splitting of subregion, its key is to reduce, because of the traction net euqalizing current that in traction net produce in parallel with electric system, to make it reach allowed degree.
Obviously, cancelling electric phase-splitting is the basic behave that solves electric railway traction net power supply bottleneck problem, strengthens its power supply and transport capacity.Meanwhile, administer negative-sequence current so that imbalance of three-phase voltage degree reaches GB requires, reduces euqalizing current and make it reach the harmonious development that allowed degree (as being less than the asymmetric and zero-sequence component that causes of three characteristics of the middle term transmission line structure) is conducive to promote electric power and railway.
The present invention proposes a kind of two way feeding system of being cancelled subregion electric phase-splitting of living in by the electrified railway of handing over the traction of orthogonal electric train that relates to.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is just to provide a kind of electrified railway two way feeding system, cancels the residing electric phase-splitting of subregion between adjacent traction substation, and does not affect the normal operation of electric system.
The present invention solves its technical matters, and the technical scheme adopting is: a kind of electrified railway two way feeding system, and by adjacent traction substation SS kwith traction substation SS k+1and traction net TN therebetween k, section post SP kand traction net TN k+1form, it is characterized in that: traction substation SS ktraction transformer TT kinferior limit tandem reactor L k, traction substation SS k+1traction transformer TT k+1inferior limit tandem reactor L k+1; Section post SP kin circuit breaker will draw net TN kwith traction net TN k+1uNICOM, adjacent traction substation SS kwith traction substation SS k+1to traction net TN kwith traction net TN k+1form two way feeding.
For the traction substation of AT power supply, reactor also can resolve into two, is serially connected in respectively traction transformer time limit.
Principle of work of the present invention is: at traction substation SS k, SS k+1difference tandem reactor L k, L k+1to reduce euqalizing current, make it reach the degree that electric system allows.So-called euqalizing current, refers to traction net extra current in parallel with electric system and that produce at traction net.During normal operation, adjacent traction substation SS k, SS k+1the reactor L being connected in series respectively k, L k+1its corresponding traction transformer TT of reactance value k, TT k+1leakage reactance value and ratio value will determine the allocation proportion of electric train tracted load; Power factor lags behind and approaches 1 friendship orthogonal electric train tracted load at traction substation SS k(SS k+1) reactor L k(L k+1) and traction transformer TT k(TT k+1) loss of voltage that produces in leakage reactance is less, even leading in power factor and when approaching 1 friendship orthogonal electric train tracted load and passing through, also produce a certain amount of voltage and raise (negative voltage loss), therefore, tandem reactor does not affect supply regular power voltage levvl.Moreover, when traction net is short-circuited fault, traction substation SS k(SS k+1) serial connection reactor L k(L k+1) can be used as inductive reactor, reduce short circuit current.
Concrete parameter is selected: traction substation SS kreactor L kreactance value and traction substation SS k+1reactor L k+1reactance value and minimum value that be worth=meet electric system euqalizing current and require; Traction substation SS kreactor L kreactance value and traction transformer TT kleakage reactance value and value/traction substation SS k+1reactor L k+1reactance value and traction transformer TT k+1leakage reactance value and value=traction substation SS k+1rated capacity/traction substation SS krated capacity.
Further, in order to reduce occupation of land, traction substation traction transformer and the reactor being connected in series combination system can be caused to the high leakage reactance traction transformer that structure is more compact; The reactance value of the leakage reactance value+reactor of the leakage reactance value=former traction transformer of high leakage reactance traction transformer.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
One, the present invention is connected in series appropriate reactor at traction substation and can reduces euqalizing current, avoids it to electric system, to produce unallowed harmful effect, thereby cancels the residing electric phase-splitting of subregion, implements electrified railway two way feeding; And and then combine with the cophase supply technology of traction substation, realize with the full railway line in unified power system without electric phase-splitting power supply, electric railway traction power supply complete upgrading.
Two, the short circuit current of the present invention when traction substation tandem reactor can reduce the short circuit of traction net, thus the impact of short circuit current to elements such as traction transformer, circuit breakers alleviated, be conducive to type selecting and the disengagement failure of circuit breaker, improve functional reliability.
Three, the present invention selects the ratio of rated capacity of ratio traction substation traction transformer adjacent with this of leakage reactance value sum of its corresponding traction transformer of reactance value of the reactor of adjacent traction substation to be inversely proportional to, can make the tracted load of traction net by this proportional distribution, and the capacity of traction substation traction transformer is utilized better.
Four, power factor lags behind and to approach 1 friendship orthogonal electric train tracted load less at traction substation reactor and the traction transformer loss of voltage that leakage reactance produces, even leading in power factor and when approaching 1 friendship orthogonal electric train tracted load and passing through, also produce a certain amount of voltage and raise (negative voltage loss), therefore reactor involved in the present invention does not affect supply regular power voltage levvl.
Five, the present invention the traction substation and traction net of directly power supply, also can be used for traction substation and the traction net thereof of AT power supply except being suitable for.
Six, the technology of the present invention is advanced, reliable, easy to implement.
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the invention will be further described.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the embodiment of the present invention.
The specific embodiment
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, a kind of electrified railway two way feeding system, the technical scheme adopting is: by adjacent traction substation SS kwith traction substation SS k+1and traction net TN therebetween k, section post SP kand traction net TN k+1form traction substation SS ktraction transformer TT kinferior limit tandem reactor L k, traction substation SS k+1traction transformer TT k+1inferior limit tandem reactor L k+1; Section post SP kin circuit breaker will draw net TN kwith traction net TN k+1uNICOM, adjacent traction substation SS kwith traction substation SS k+1to traction net TN kwith traction net TN k+1form two way feeding.
For the traction substation of AT power supply, reactor also can resolve into two, is serially connected in respectively traction transformer time limit.
Principle of work of the present invention is: at traction substation SS k, SS k+1difference tandem reactor L k, L k+1to reduce euqalizing current, make it reach the degree that electric system allows.So-called euqalizing current, refers to traction net extra current in parallel with electric system and that produce at traction net.During normal operation, adjacent traction substation SS k, SS k+1reactor L k, L k+1its corresponding traction transformer TT of reactance value k, TT k+1leakage reactance value and ratio value will determine the allocation proportion of electric train tracted load; Power factor lags behind and approaches 1 friendship orthogonal electric train tracted load at traction substation SS k, SS k+1reactor L k, L k+1with traction transformer TT k, TT k+1the loss of voltage that leakage reactance produces is less, even leading in power factor and approach 1 friendship orthogonal electric train tracted load by time, also produce a small amount of voltage and raise (negative voltage loss), therefore, the reactor of serial connection does not affect supply regular power voltage levvl.Moreover, when traction net is short-circuited fault, traction substation SS k, SS k+1the reactor L of serial connection k, L k+1can be used as inductive reactor, reduce short circuit current.
Concrete parameter is selected: traction substation SS kreactor L kreactance value and traction substation SS k+1reactor L k+1reactance value and minimum value that be worth=meet electric system euqalizing current and require; Traction substation SS kreactor L kreactance value and traction transformer TT kleakage reactance value and value/traction substation SS k+1reactor L k+1reactance value and traction transformer TT k+1leakage reactance value and value=traction substation SS k+1rated capacity/traction substation SS krated capacity.
Further, in order to reduce occupation of land, according to the size of the reactance value sum of the leakage reactance value of traction transformer and reactor, traction transformer and the reactor being connected in series combination system can be caused to the high leakage reactance traction transformer that structure is more compact, certainly, the reactance value of the leakage reactance value+reactor of the leakage reactance value=former traction transformer of high leakage reactance traction transformer.
The 220kV power transmission line of supposing electric system ABC in Fig. 1 with traction substation SS kpoints of common connection PCC kwith with traction substation SS k+1points of common connection PCC k+1between length be 50km, points of common connection PCC k(PCC k+1) to traction substation SS k(SS k+1) power transmission line length be 10km, power transmission line adopts tripartition wire ,Ji unit head impedance z l=0.04+j0.3 Ω/km, traction transformer TT kand TT k+1rated capacity is 31.5MVA, and short circuit impedance gets 10.5%, i.e. reduction is to the leakage impedance z of traction side t=0.2134+j2.52 Ω; Adjacent traction substation distance is 50km; Traction net non-load voltage is 27.5kV; Single track railway, single chain type hanging impedance of traction electric network z=0.232+j0.515 Ω/km; The traction transformer of adjacent traction substation is all exported specified tracted load, and tracted load rated current is 1145A; For general fast electrified railway, if being 0.8(, the power factor of tracted load LC lags behind), the loss of voltage=the 2013V of traction substation, for the modern times, hand over the electrified railway of orthogonal electric train traction, if the power factor of tracted load LC is 0.993(, lag behind), the loss of voltage=the 730V of traction substation, visible, the loss of voltage greatly reduces, and only has 1/2.758 of general fast railway; Simultaneously, because euqalizing current is that traction net is in parallel with electric system and at the extra current of traction net generation, therefore, euqalizing current also available reduction is described to the impedance of traction electric network under unification voltage and the ratio of electric system (power transmission line) impedance, ratio is larger, and euqalizing current is just less.If the euqalizing current allowing is 1%, draw net and electric system parallel impedance ratio=100:1, now reactor L k(L k+1) the traction transformer TT of reactance value=1.73 times k(TT k+1) leakage reactance of traction side, i.e. 4.36 Ω, the corresponding traction substation loss of voltage=1522V; If further require tandem reactor L k(L k+1) before and after the loss of voltage of traction substation constant, require tracted load power factor, by 0.993(power-factor angle=6.78 °, to lag behind) be adjusted into 0.9965(power-factor angle=4.8 °, leading).
Further, in order to reduce traction substation, take up an area, traction transformer and the reactor being connected in series combination system can be caused to the high leakage reactance traction transformer of more compact structure, reactance value 1.73 * 2.52 Ω=6.88 Ω, the i.e. short circuit impedance=2.73 * 10.5%=28.7% that are worth 2.52 Ω+reactor in the leakage reactance of the leakage reactance value=former traction transformer of this high leakage reactance traction transformer; If suppose, electric system is Infinite bus system, and corresponding traction net near-end short circuit current only has original 1/2.73.

Claims (3)

1. an electrified railway two way feeding system, by adjacent traction substation SS kwith traction substation SS k+1and traction net TN therebetween k, section post SP kand traction net TN k+1form, it is characterized in that traction substation SS ktraction transformer TT kinferior limit tandem reactor L k, traction substation SS k+1traction transformer TT k+1inferior limit tandem reactor L k+1; Section post SP kin circuit breaker will draw net TN kwith traction net TN k+1uNICOM, adjacent traction substation SS kwith traction substation SS k+1to traction net TN kwith traction net TN k+1form two way feeding.
2. a kind of electrified railway two way feeding system according to claim 1, is characterized in that traction substation SS kreactor L kreactance value and traction substation SS k+1reactor L k+1reactance value and minimum value that be worth=meet electric system euqalizing current and require; Traction substation SS kreactor L kreactance value and traction transformer TT kleakage reactance value and value/traction substation SS k+1reactor L k+1reactance value and traction transformer TT k+1leakage reactance value and value=traction substation SS k+1rated capacity/traction substation SS krated capacity.
3. a kind of electrified railway two way feeding system according to claim 1, is characterized in that, traction transformer is caused to high leakage reactance traction transformer with the reactor combination system being connected in series; The reactance value of the leakage reactance value+reactor of the leakage reactance value=former traction transformer of high leakage reactance traction transformer.
CN201310542875.XA 2013-11-05 2013-11-05 A kind of electrified railway two way feeding system Active CN103552488B (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201310542875.XA CN103552488B (en) 2013-11-05 2013-11-05 A kind of electrified railway two way feeding system

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201310542875.XA CN103552488B (en) 2013-11-05 2013-11-05 A kind of electrified railway two way feeding system

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN103552488A true CN103552488A (en) 2014-02-05
CN103552488B CN103552488B (en) 2015-11-25

Family

ID=50006918

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201310542875.XA Active CN103552488B (en) 2013-11-05 2013-11-05 A kind of electrified railway two way feeding system

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN103552488B (en)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104742917A (en) * 2015-03-23 2015-07-01 国家电网公司 Method for acquiring minimum voltage level of tractive power supply system in high-speed railway network
CN106864310A (en) * 2017-03-16 2017-06-20 西南交通大学 A kind of electric railway subregion connects powered construction
CN112677831A (en) * 2019-10-17 2021-04-20 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 Gridding power supply method applied to multi-line electrified railway
CN113076660A (en) * 2021-04-28 2021-07-06 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 Electrified railway circulation calculation method adopting hybrid power supply system bilateral power supply mode
CN113258579A (en) * 2021-06-28 2021-08-13 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 Electrified railway short-circuit current calculation method of hybrid power supply mode bilateral power supply system
CN114336643A (en) * 2022-03-17 2022-04-12 西南交通大学 System for utilizing passing power of bilateral power supply traction network of regional station and control method
WO2023173784A1 (en) * 2022-03-17 2023-09-21 西南交通大学 Intelligent traction substation and power flow control method therefor

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS61191441A (en) * 1985-02-20 1986-08-26 Hitachi Ltd Feeding device in substation for electric railway
JPS61278435A (en) * 1985-06-03 1986-12-09 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Direct current feeding system for tramcar
CN101428571A (en) * 2008-12-03 2009-05-13 北京交通大学 Direct net-attached mode of traction power supply high voltage synthetic compensating gear
CN201350850Y (en) * 2009-02-23 2009-11-25 吴加林 Non phase-split traction power supply for railway locomotive
CN101917011A (en) * 2010-09-06 2010-12-15 东南大学 Power quality comprehensive control method and device for electric railway traction power supply system
CN203611784U (en) * 2013-11-05 2014-05-28 西南交通大学 Two-side power supply system of electrified railway

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS61191441A (en) * 1985-02-20 1986-08-26 Hitachi Ltd Feeding device in substation for electric railway
JPS61278435A (en) * 1985-06-03 1986-12-09 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Direct current feeding system for tramcar
CN101428571A (en) * 2008-12-03 2009-05-13 北京交通大学 Direct net-attached mode of traction power supply high voltage synthetic compensating gear
CN201350850Y (en) * 2009-02-23 2009-11-25 吴加林 Non phase-split traction power supply for railway locomotive
CN101917011A (en) * 2010-09-06 2010-12-15 东南大学 Power quality comprehensive control method and device for electric railway traction power supply system
CN203611784U (en) * 2013-11-05 2014-05-28 西南交通大学 Two-side power supply system of electrified railway

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN104742917A (en) * 2015-03-23 2015-07-01 国家电网公司 Method for acquiring minimum voltage level of tractive power supply system in high-speed railway network
CN106864310A (en) * 2017-03-16 2017-06-20 西南交通大学 A kind of electric railway subregion connects powered construction
CN106864310B (en) * 2017-03-16 2023-05-05 西南交通大学 Power supply structure for electrified railway partition
CN112677831A (en) * 2019-10-17 2021-04-20 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 Gridding power supply method applied to multi-line electrified railway
CN113076660A (en) * 2021-04-28 2021-07-06 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 Electrified railway circulation calculation method adopting hybrid power supply system bilateral power supply mode
CN113258579A (en) * 2021-06-28 2021-08-13 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 Electrified railway short-circuit current calculation method of hybrid power supply mode bilateral power supply system
CN114336643A (en) * 2022-03-17 2022-04-12 西南交通大学 System for utilizing passing power of bilateral power supply traction network of regional station and control method
WO2023173784A1 (en) * 2022-03-17 2023-09-21 西南交通大学 Intelligent traction substation and power flow control method therefor

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN103552488B (en) 2015-11-25

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
CN103552488B (en) A kind of electrified railway two way feeding system
CN104057842B (en) Coaxial cable power supply system of electrified railway
CN103311924B (en) Single-phase combined co-phased power supply and transformation structure
CN102126438B (en) Electric split-phase non-interruption flexible connection-compensation device and method for traction electric network
CN103419679B (en) A kind of Vv wiring cophase supply power transformation structure
CN202986865U (en) Single-phase and three-phase combined in-phase power supply and transformation system
CN103078315A (en) Single-phase and three-phase combined in-phase power supply and transformation device
CN106218448B (en) A kind of electric railway connection powered construction
CN105790274A (en) Power flow control device and control method for run-through power supply system converter type traction substation
CN109617044A (en) A kind of electrified railway in-phase power supply system based on V/V wiring
CN203611784U (en) Two-side power supply system of electrified railway
CN105109362B (en) A kind of electric railway traction power supply system
CN103427415A (en) Three-phase combined same-phase power supply and transformation structure
CN208796792U (en) A kind of traction-compensator transformer
CN105691244A (en) System no-load monitoring device for electrified railway cut-through power supply and monitoring method thereof
CN205407265U (en) Link up power supply system converter type traction substation trend regulation and control device
CN109065338A (en) A kind of homo-phase traction transformer
CN109215977A (en) A kind of traction-compensator transformer
CN109066737A (en) A kind of negative sequence compensation devices and methods therefor of traction-compensator transformer
CN203352187U (en) Single-phase combined co-phased power supply and transformation device
CN205395812U (en) Electric Railway link up unloaded monitoring device of system of power supply
CN209343923U (en) A kind of homo-phase traction transformer
CN208673836U (en) A kind of compensator transformer
CN204978290U (en) Electric Railway pulls power supply structure
CN203920466U (en) A kind of electrified railway coaxial cable power supply system

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
C06 Publication
PB01 Publication
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
SE01 Entry into force of request for substantive examination
C14 Grant of patent or utility model
GR01 Patent grant
C41 Transfer of patent application or patent right or utility model
TR01 Transfer of patent right

Effective date of registration: 20160629

Address after: 610031 Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, No. two North Ring Road, Southwest Jiao Tong University,

Patentee after: Southwest Jiaotong University

Patentee after: Li Qunzhan

Address before: 610031 Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, No. two North Ring Road, Southwest Jiao Tong University,

Patentee before: Southwest Jiaotong University

TR01 Transfer of patent right
TR01 Transfer of patent right

Effective date of registration: 20161219

Address after: 100844 Fuxing Road, Beijing, Haidian District, No. 10

Patentee after: CHINA RAILWAY CORPORATION

Patentee after: Xi-nan Jiatoong Univ.

Address before: 610031 Chengdu City, Sichuan Province, No. two North Ring Road, Southwest Jiao Tong University,

Patentee before: Xi-nan Jiatoong Univ.

Patentee before: Li Qunzhan