Background technology
Low voltage electric load, typically refer to exchange 380V system with load, account for the overwhelming majority of China's electric load consumption.Exchange 380V system to be usually made up of three-phase and four-line, i.e. A phase, B phase, C phase, N phase (zero line), the load of its tape splicing almost includes all kinds of modern household electrical appliances and factory's electricity consumption, agricultural irrigation.
For three phase electric machine load, when normally running, three-phase is in poised state.Concerning residential electricity consumption, its load is nearly all single-phase.Because resident load is normally drawn from transformer with cable, when installer installs, be difficult to know and enter the separate of resident, more do not know character and the size of which family's load.In other words, even know the size of certain load, but due to the seasonality of electricity consumption and period, the payload of certain phase all can be caused unpredictable, be also namely very easy to cause three-phase load unbalance.Can say that low-voltage power system three-phase load absolute equilibrium is perfect condition, imbalance is normality.
Three-phase load unbalance, the harm brought to electric power system is very serious.First harm is that three-phase load unbalance causes line loss to increase, and the numerical value that line loss increases becomes with electric current square to be directly proportional.In poised state, circuit Sun Hao ⊿ P=I
2r , Qie ⊿ P
a=⊿ P
b=⊿ P
c, three-phase total line loss ∑ ⊿ P=3 I
2r; When system is in non-equilibrium state, suppose the electric current that A phase load is zero, B, C two-phase has on average shared A phase, then ⊿ P
a=0 , ⊿ P
b=(1.5I)
2r=2.25I
2r , ⊿ P
c=(1.5I)
2r=2.25I
2r , ∑ ⊿ P=4.5 I
2r, line loss adds 50%.Be not difficult to calculate, if the load of three-phase is by a phase tape splicing, ∑ ⊿ P=(3I now)
2r=9I
2r, 3 times of line loss when line loss is poised state.
Three-phase load unbalance, the second largest harm brought to electric power system is that transformer produces additional iron losses.Network distribution transformer many employings three core limb structure of Y/Yo wiring, when generation three-phase load unbalance or when there is earth fault, its primary side non-zero-sequence current exists, secondary side has zero-sequence current to exist, therefore the zero-sequence current of secondary side is exciting current completely, the zero sequence fluxes produced can not close in iron core, need be closed, thus heating produces iron loss in the annexes such as iron case by oil tank wall.
Three-phase load unbalance, the third-largest harm brought to electric power system produces additional copper loss, and additional copper loss increase can cause transformer to generate heat, and reduces the operational efficiency of transformer.
Three-phase load unbalance, the fourth-largest harm brought to electric power system produces variation.
Therefore, invent a kind of electric load smart allocation method and system to be necessary very much, it is by real-time monitoring system three-phase load state, gather the load of each electric load smart allocation terminal (extension set) of native system subordinate, decision-making next step how to redistribute load, make three-phase load remain essentially in poised state at any time.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is, in order to solve the imbalance problem that low voltage electric load exists, the size of each phase load of dynamic conditioning can be realized, system is made to remain at state in a basic balance, improve transformer operational efficiency, reduce line loss, the present invention proposes and discloses a kind of low voltage electric load intelligent dispensing system and distribution method.
The technical scheme realizing the object of the invention is, the present invention adopts a kind of for each phase total electricity consumption of real time monitoring distribution transformer, Real-time Collection each power load terminal power consumption information, and how decision-making redistributes the low voltage electric load smart allocation main frame of load; Also adopt some for gathering each user power utilization amount and uploading to main frame, perform the electric load smart allocation terminal of main frame transmitting order to lower levels switchable load, i.e. extension set; Then according to electric load smart allocation method, the adjustment to terminal electric load and distribution is realized.
Low voltage electric load intelligent dispensing system is made up of a low voltage electric load smart allocation main frame and some electric load smart allocation terminals (extension set).
Described low voltage electric load smart allocation main frame is made up of three current transformers (CT), three voltage transformers (PT), CPU, liquid crystal, three-phase communication modules; Low voltage electric load smart allocation main frame is used for each phase total electricity consumption of real time monitoring distribution transforming, by three-phase communication module, Real-time Collection each electric load smart allocation terminal (extension set) power consumption information, by CPU, the terminal power information gathered is processed, how decision-making redistributes load if going out, load unbalanced degree is remained in acceptability limit, and sends switching command to electric load smart allocation terminal, the sub-load compared with heavy load one phase is switched to another phase compared with light load.
Described electric load smart allocation terminal (extension set) is made up of great current mutual inductor (CT), voltage transformer (PT), power magnetic force keeping relay, big current combination switch, threephase switch interlock circuit, communication module, phase identification of circuit, CPU.Each for collection user power utilization information is uploaded to main frame by communication module by described electric load smart allocation terminal, by phase identification of circuit, phase place qualification is carried out to load, and perform main frame transmitting order to lower levels, realize load by big current combination switch and ghyristor circuit to automatically switch, all the time ensured under any circumstance by threephase switch interlock circuit, only have a road power supply and user to connect, can not short circuit be produced.
System energy real-time tracking load variations, adjusts each phase load size at any time, current unbalance factor is remained in acceptability limit, thus improves transformer operational efficiency and life-span, reduces line loss.
Described low voltage electric load smart allocation method is:
(1) set up a main frame to distribution transformer, set up extension set respectively to each power load terminal; Main frame is used for each phase total electricity consumption of real time monitoring distribution transforming, Real-time Collection each electric load smart allocation terminal (extension set) power consumption information, and how decision-making redistributes load if going out, make load unbalanced degree remain in acceptability limit; Described extension set, for gathering each user power utilization amount and uploading to main frame, execution main frame transmitting order to lower levels, realizes load and automatically switches.
(2) communicate module by 3, make main frame and extension set keep communicating, the electric current of each extension set of Real-time Collection; By by the method sending data acquisition command mutually, make point function accurately locate each phase phase sequence, and be strictly consistent with main frame;
(3) when use capacity exceedes certain definite value, by formula Iun=[⊿ Imax (∣ Ia-Iavg ∣ , ∣ Ib-Iavg ∣ , ∣ Ib-Iavg ∣)/Iavg] × 100% calculating degree of unbalance; When degree of unbalance exceedes certain definite value, think that system occurs uneven, and make strategy of load regulation; Wherein, Iavg is the mean value of 3 phase total currents; Iun is the current unbalance factor calculated in real time;
(4) this terminal after powering, detects the state of each switch immediately, and making only has a switch to close in power magnetic force keeping relay JA, JB, JC, and relay J Z will in closed position simultaneously.
(5) log-on data capture program, constantly detect size and the character of this terminal institute on-load, and be stored in terminal CPU by certain stipulations, main frame reads by the time.
(6) when main frame by the communication module of certain phase circuit send " wanting data " or " Switching power " order time, this order by a certain phase UA, U0 line, communication module, SIGIN pin, incoming terminal CPU; Terminal CPU(U12) perform Host Command immediately: if " wanting data ", then by the data format of agreement, by SIGOUT pin, communication module, UA, U0, data are issued main frame; If want " Switching power ", then undertaken by following program: the controllable silicon that closes-disconnection JZ-disconnection controllable silicon--disconnect the switch-controllable silicon that closes-conjunction JZ-disconnection controllable silicon that current switch-main frame requirement of closing of having closed is closed.
Each step of said process all confirms, side performs next step.Then main frame is reported by switching result.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows, the present invention is by installing low voltage electric load smart allocation main frame and extension set respectively at distribution transformer and sharing of load terminal, adopt low voltage electric load smart allocation method, can according to the unbalance condition of electric load, in real time automatic switchover phase place is carried out to part uncompensated load, ensure that distribution transformer low voltage electric load runs within the scope of the degree of unbalance of regulation.The invention solves the problem causing power wastage due to low voltage electric load imbalance, substantially increase operational efficiency and the useful life of transformer.Low voltage electric load smart allocation main frame and the low voltage electric load smart allocation extension set of low voltage electric load intelligent dispensing system of the present invention all adopt cmos element, and Overall Power Consumption is extremely low, and normal operation only needs 1W, and use cost is extremely low.
The present invention is applicable to electric power system power distribution transformer electric load smart allocation.
Embodiment
The embodiment of low voltage electric load smart allocation method of the present invention as shown in Figure 1.
Shown in Fig. 1, at distribution transformer and sharing of load terminal, low voltage electric load smart allocation main frame and extension set are installed respectively.
(1) communicate module by main frame 3, make main frame and extension set keep communicating, the electric current of each extension set of Real-time Collection; On main frame, the size of each phase current of this distribution transforming of Real-time Collection (total current), voltage, and the Zong Rong Liang ⊿ S being calculated as follows out current use:
⊿S=Ia×Ua+Ib×Ub+Ic×Uc
Wherein, Ia, Ib, Ic are each phase total current that distribution transformer exports, and Ua, Ub, Uc are the terminal voltage that distribution transformer respectively exports mutually;
(2) the capacity S of the Zong Rong Liang ⊿ S>=transformer of current use
0when × 20%, be calculated as follows degree of unbalance Iun:
Iun=[⊿Imax (∣Ia-Iavg∣,∣Ib-Iavg∣,∣Ic-Iavg∣)/ Iavg]×100%。
Wherein, S
0for the capacity of transformer; Iavg is the mean value of 3 phase total currents, Iavg=(Ia+Ib+Ic)/3; Iun is the current unbalance factor calculated in real time, to get in 3 phase currents with the absolute value of the maximum of 3 phase current mean value differences divided by current average;
(3) establish when current unbalance factor Iun≤15%, namely think that system is in non-equilibrium state, reply load adjusts;
(4) main frame is by sending data acquisition command mutually, gathers the current load data of each extension set (ia, ib, ic) one by one and stores, until complete for all for native system extension set data acquisitions;
(5) if main frame is by public formula ∣ Ia-Iavg ∣, ∣ Ib-Iavg ∣, ∣ Ic-Iavg ∣, to calculate out ∣ Ia-Iavg ∣ current differential maximum, and ∣ Ic-Iavg ∣ is minimum, and this just means should reduce A phase load, increases C phase load and system power just can be made to balance.The extension set that the first trial cut First of main frame runs in A phase is to C phase, Ia ˊ=Ia-ia new after obtaining switchable load, new Ic ˊ=Ic+ ia, new mean value Iavg ˊ=(Ia ˊ+Ib+ Ic ˊ)/3, new degree of unbalance Iun ˊ=[⊿ Imax ˊ (∣ Ia ˊ-Iavg ˊ ∣ ∣ Ib-Iavg ∣ , ∣ Ic ˊ-Iavg ˊ ∣)/Iavg ˊ] × 100%;
(6) when Iun ˊ≤15%, main frame from A in opposite directions First extension set send the order of " A phase is switched to C phase ";
(7) when Iun ˊ >=15%, take out second extension set electric current run in A phase, calculate Iun ˊ by (5) one step process.
If Iun ˊ≤15%, main frame from A in opposite directions second extension set send the order of " A phase is switched to C phase ".
If Iun ˊ >=15%, then take out the 3rd the extension set electric current run in A phase, calculate Iun ˊ by (5) one step process, and by that analogy, until reach Iun ˊ≤15% after switchable load.
(8) if after above-mentioned calculating, can not find " after switching certain phase load, Iun ˊ≤15% " this result, the extension set quantity that proof system is installed very little, does not carry out load switching, simultaneously at certain special symbol of liquid crystal screen display, to show prompting.
Produce unbalanced reason possibility Hai You ∣ Ia-Iavg ∣ great , ∣ Ib-Iavg ∣ little; ∣ Ib-Iavg ∣ great , ∣ Ia-Iavg ∣ little , Huo ∣ Ib-Iavg ∣ great , ∣ Ic-Iavg ∣ is little; Several situations such as ∣ Ic-Iavg ∣ great , ∣ Ia-Iavg ∣ little , Huo ∣ Ic-Iavg ∣ great , ∣ Ib-Iavg ∣ is little, its processing method principle same as above.
The embodiment of low voltage electric load intelligent dispensing system of the present invention is as shown in Fig. 2 ~ Fig. 7.
Fig. 2 is the conversion of low voltage electric load smart allocation main frame front end and commutation circuit figure, Fig. 3 be low voltage electric load smart allocation host CPU circuit and RS-485 interface circuit figure, Fig. 4 is low voltage electric load smart allocation main frame three-phase communication module circuit; Fig. 5 low voltage electric load smart allocation terminal threephase switch interlock circuit figure, Fig. 6 is low voltage electric load smart allocation terminal combination switch silicon controlled control circuit figure, Fig. 7 B is low voltage electric load smart allocation terminating circuit figure, Fig. 7 A is CPU and three-phase communication module circuit diagram.
Embodiment of the present invention low voltage electric load intelligent dispensing system is made up of low voltage electric load smart allocation main frame and low voltage electric load smart allocation terminal.Low voltage electric load smart allocation main frame connects distribution transformer low-pressure end, and low voltage electric load smart allocation terminal connects loaded termination.
Embodiment of the present invention low voltage electric load smart allocation main frame, is made up of three current transformers (CT1-CT3), three voltage transformers (PT1-PT3), CPU (U6), Liquid Crystal Module (U4), three-phase communication modules; Its circuit as shown in Figure 2, Figure 3 and Figure 4.
Current transformer (CT1-CT3) (distribution transforming output total current) current conversion will become the element of small-signal greatly, and its output current signal meets CPU(U6); Voltage transformer (PT1-PT3) converts high voltage (distribution transforming output end voltage) element of small-signal to, and its winding connects distribution transformer low-pressure end, and the voltage signal that secondary winding exports meets CPU.
Liquid crystal (U4) shows the element of various information, meets CPU.
CPU (U6) gather and carry out various calculating, storage, communicate with extension set, the element of issue an order, it accepts each phase small-signal current and the voltage of the input of voltage transformer summation current transformer; Accept the signal that three-phase communication module is sent; Send instruction and send signal to terminal extension set by communication module.
Three-phase communication module, can by the module communicated with each electric load smart allocation terminal (extension set).
U1, U2 and U3 two 4 select 1 variable connector, and U5 is RS-485 interface chip.
The three-phase total current exported from distribution transforming flows through DCTA, DCTB, DCTC respectively, the electric current of 0-5A is produced at secondary, the CT1 CT2 CT3 that this electric current enters main frame through CZ1, CZ2, CZ3 carries out quadratic transformation, becomes the voltage that certain applicable CPU (U6) gathers respectively on R4, R5, R6.
The three-phase voltage exported from distribution transforming through CZ4, CZ5, CZ6, CZ7 through resistance R1, R2, R3 current limliting laggard enter main frame, PT1, PT2, PT3 of main frame are transformed into the voltage that certain applicable CPU (U6) gathers.
At CPU(U6) control under, PXX1, PXX2 pin produces the combination of 3 kinds " 0 " and " 1 ", and timesharing connects the output signal of CT1, CT2, CT3 to variable connector U1, and is incorporated into CPU(U6 from 13,3 pin of variable connector U1) I1P, I1N.Meanwhile, timesharing connects the output signal of PT1, PT2, PT3 to variable connector U2, and is incorporated into CPU(U6 from 13,3 pin of variable connector U2) UP, UN.
CPU(U6) connect 3 phase voltages, electric current to UP, UN by timesharing, I1P, I1N, calculate by above-mentioned principle size and the degree of unbalance that this distribution transforming exports total current in real time, and show on liquid crystal display screen U4.
When the degree of unbalance of three-phase current exceedes acceptability limit, CPU(U6) start the program gathering electric current in subordinate's each electric load smart allocation terminal (extension set) immediately.CPU(U6) need the data sent by the packing of certain communication protocol, juxtaposition output pin PXX3, PXX4 are certain value.As data will be sent to A phase, CPU(U6) by putting output pin PXX3, PXX4 for certain value, SIGA and SIGOUT is connected, that is: make 12 of variable connector U3,13 to connect, the data of transmission are through CPU(U6) SIGA-A phase voltage line of 12-13 pin-three-phase communication module of 19 pin-U3.The electric load smart allocation terminal (extension set) of all A of being connected on phases can receive order, but the terminal (extension set) only having address to conform to the current command just can return data.
Embodiment of the present invention low voltage electric load intelligent dispensing system terminal (extension set), be made up of great current mutual inductor (CT), voltage transformer (PT), power magnetic force keeping relay, big current combination switch, threephase switch interlock circuit, communication module, phase identification of circuit, CPU, its circuit is as shown in Fig. 5, Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 A, Fig. 7 B.
The present embodiment low voltage electric load intelligent dispensing system terminal adopts power magnetic force keeping relay, is for the on-load switch of system power supply access user, and it has through-flow large, quiescent dissipation is the feature of zero;
Big current combination switch, composite module that is in parallel with power magnetic force keeping relay by high-power silicon controlled rectifier, that automatically switch for load commutation, can improve the power magnetic force keeping relay life-span.Low voltage electric load intelligent dispensing system terminal of the present invention adopts big current combination switch, improves the electric break-make life-span of native system low voltage electric load smart allocation terminal.
The threephase switch interlock circuit of the present embodiment low voltage electric load intelligent dispensing system terminal is for ensureing terminal of the present invention at any time (when comprising driving element inefficacy) Jin You mono-road system voltage access user, preventing the circuit of phase fault.
The communication module of the present embodiment low voltage electric load intelligent dispensing system terminal is the module for terminal of the present invention and main-machine communication; Described CPU(U12), be terminal of the present invention for carry out various calculating, storage, with main-machine communication, the element performing Host Command.
The phase identification of circuit of the present embodiment low voltage electric load intelligent dispensing system terminal is for determining the circuit that terminal A of the present invention, B, C three-phase voltage inlet wire keep corresponding with A, B, C three-phase voltage of main frame.
The present embodiment low voltage electric load intelligent dispensing system terminal after powering, detects the state of each switch immediately, and making only has a switch to close in JA, JB, JC, and JZ will in closed position simultaneously.
During the present embodiment low voltage electric load smart allocation terminal works, first log-on data capture program, constantly detect size and the character of this terminal institute on-load, and be stored in CPU (U12) by certain stipulations, main frame reads by the time.
When low voltage electric load smart allocation main frame by the communication module of certain phase circuit send " wanting data " or " Switching power " order time, this order by UA, U0 line, communication module, SIGIN pin, arrive U12(CPU).This terminal CPU(U12) perform Host Command immediately.If " want data ", then by the data format of agreement, by SIGOUT pin, communication module, UA, U0, data are issued main frame.If want " Switching power ", then undertaken by following program: close controllable silicon-disconnection JZ-disconnection controllable silicon--disconnect switch-conjunction controllable silicon-conjunction JZ-disconnection controllable silicon that current switch-main frame requirement of closing of having closed is closed.Each step of said process all confirms, side performs next step.Then main frame is reported switching result.