CN103541710B - Underground coal mine gas-liquid two-phase alternately drives pressure break coal body strengthening gas pumping method mutually - Google Patents

Underground coal mine gas-liquid two-phase alternately drives pressure break coal body strengthening gas pumping method mutually Download PDF

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CN103541710B
CN103541710B CN201310483277.XA CN201310483277A CN103541710B CN 103541710 B CN103541710 B CN 103541710B CN 201310483277 A CN201310483277 A CN 201310483277A CN 103541710 B CN103541710 B CN 103541710B
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pressure break
fracturing
water
pressure
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CN103541710A (en
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林柏泉
翟成
李全贵
倪冠华
彭深
余旭
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China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/25—Methods for stimulating production
    • E21B43/26—Methods for stimulating production by forming crevices or fractures
    • E21B43/261—Separate steps of (1) cementing, plugging or consolidating and (2) fracturing or attacking the formation
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
    • E21B43/295—Gasification of minerals, e.g. for producing mixtures of combustible gases

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  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
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Abstract

A kind of underground coal mine gas-liquid two-phase alternately drives pressure break coal body strengthening gas pumping method mutually, and constructing in this coal seam or wear in layer, pressure break is holed, water-guiding hole, carries out high pressure resistant sealing of hole to two borings; Connect fracturing unit, inject pressure break boring with the press water being no more than 3MPa, switch off the pump after fracturing 10min is implemented to pressure break boring, stop fracturing; Open gas booster and gas phase pressure break is carried out to pressure break boring, when pressure reaches 3MPa, close gas booster, stop gas phase pressure break; So repeatedly, when the water-guiding hole of distance pressure break boring side occurs that water flows out, stop fracturing, continue gas phase pressure break, when water-guiding hole current stop, or when having gas to gush out, terminate gas phase pressure break; Gas pumping pipe network is linked to pressure break boring and water-guiding hole, carries out gas pumping.The problem that after the method efficiently solves single fracturing, moisture entrapment hinders gas release and resolves, makes coal body internal crack grow more abundant, improves gas permeability of coal seam and gas pumping effect.

Description

煤矿井下气液两相交替相驱压裂煤体强化瓦斯抽采方法Gas-liquid two-phase alternating phase drive fracturing coal body enhanced gas drainage method in underground coal mine

技术领域 technical field

本发明涉及一种煤矿井下气液两相交替相驱压裂煤体强化瓦斯抽采方法，属于煤矿井下区域瓦斯治理技术领域，尤其适用于煤矿井下高瓦斯低透气性煤层的卸压增透。 The invention relates to an underground gas-liquid two-phase alternate phase drive fracturing coal body enhanced gas drainage method in coal mines, which belongs to the technical field of gas control in underground areas of coal mines, and is especially suitable for pressure relief and permeability enhancement of high-gas and low-permeability coal seams in underground coal mines.

背景技术 Background technique

我国煤层瓦斯具有微孔隙、低渗透率、高吸附的特性，80%以上的煤层是高瓦斯低透气性煤层。高瓦斯低透气性煤层的开采往往伴随着大量瓦斯涌出，特别是随着煤炭生产的高效集约化和开采深度的增加，瓦斯涌出量越来越大，瓦斯爆炸和瓦斯突出危险的威胁越来越严重。解决高瓦斯低透气性煤层开采过程中的瓦斯问题的主要措施是预先实施煤层瓦斯抽采，常规的瓦斯抽采方法有效影响范围小，工作面钻孔施工工程量大，抽采效率低，对于高瓦斯低透气性煤层难以起到理想效果。若要做到抽采达标，消除煤层瓦斯灾害，需要采取增透的方法，扩大单个钻孔有效影响范围，提高瓦斯抽采效果。目前采用的高瓦斯低透气性煤层卸压增透措施是采用人为方法预先松动原始煤体，提高煤层的透气性，主要采取的方法有以下深孔松动爆破、水射流割缝技术、水力冲孔技术和井下煤层水力压裂技术等。深孔松动爆破、水射流割缝技术、水力冲孔技术存在钻孔有效影响范围小、工作量大、施工工艺复杂、抽采效率低等问题。 my country's coal seam gas has the characteristics of microporosity, low permeability, and high adsorption. More than 80% of coal seams are high gas and low permeability coal seams. The mining of high-gassy and low-permeability coal seams is often accompanied by a large amount of gas emission, especially with the efficient intensification of coal production and the increase of mining depth, the amount of gas emission is increasing, and the threat of gas explosion and gas outburst is increasing. It's getting serious. The main measure to solve the gas problem in the mining process of high-gassy and low-permeability coal seams is to implement coal seam gas drainage in advance. Conventional gas drainage methods have a small effective range of influence, and the amount of drilling work in the working face is large, and the drainage efficiency is low. Coal seams with high gas and low permeability are difficult to achieve ideal results. In order to meet the drainage standards and eliminate coal seam gas disasters, it is necessary to adopt anti-permeability methods to expand the effective influence range of a single borehole and improve the gas drainage effect. The currently adopted measures for pressure relief and permeability enhancement of high-gassy and low-permeability coal seams are artificially loosening the original coal body in advance to improve the gas permeability of the coal seam. The main methods adopted are the following deep hole loosening blasting, water jet slotting technology, and hydraulic punching technology and underground coal seam hydraulic fracturing technology, etc. Deep hole loosening blasting, water jet slotting technology, and hydraulic punching technology have problems such as small effective drilling range, heavy workload, complex construction technology, and low drainage efficiency.

水力压裂技术石油增产的主要措施之一已被广泛应用于现代石油工业中，在煤矿井下的应用也取得了一定的效果。随着应用范围的推广、煤层赋存条件复杂以及低透气性煤层的增多，水力压裂技术逐渐受到限制，主要表现在松软煤层中高压水进入煤体后，受煤体毛细管力作用，水难以排出，堵塞了瓦斯涌出的通道，减弱了水力压裂增透煤体、提高瓦斯抽采的效果。 Hydraulic fracturing technology, one of the main measures to increase oil production, has been widely used in the modern oil industry, and its application in coal mines has also achieved certain results. With the promotion of the scope of application, the complex occurrence conditions of coal seams, and the increase of low-permeability coal seams, hydraulic fracturing technology is gradually limited, mainly manifested in the fact that after high-pressure water enters the coal body in the soft coal seam, it is difficult for the water to be affected by the capillary force of the coal body. Discharge, block the gas gushing channel, weaken the effect of hydraulic fracturing to enhance the permeability of the coal body and improve the gas drainage.

当前，对于煤矿井下气体压裂的研究和应用多见于高能气体压裂（CO2、N2等），对于煤体增透取得一定效果，但是高能气体制备、输送以及压裂控制均有一定的难度，阻碍了高能气压裂的推广。 At present, the research and application of underground gas fracturing in coal mines is mostly in high-energy gas fracturing (CO 2 , N 2 , etc.), which has achieved certain effects on coal permeability enhancement, but high-energy gas preparation, transportation, and fracturing control have certain effects. Difficulty hinders the promotion of high-energy gas fracturing.

借鉴高能气体压裂的思路，使用井下压风系统提供的风压，利用气体增压器，配合水力 Drawing on the idea of high-energy gas fracturing, using the air pressure provided by the downhole air pressure system, using a gas booster, and cooperating with hydraulic pressure

压裂技术，形成煤矿井下气液两相交替相驱压裂煤体强化瓦斯抽采技术。 The fracturing technology has formed a gas-liquid two-phase alternating phase driving fracturing coal mass in underground coal mines to enhance gas drainage technology.

发明内容 Contents of the invention

技术问题：要本发明的目的是针对高瓦斯低透气性松软煤层中水力压裂技术的不足，提出气液两相交替相驱压裂煤体强化瓦斯抽采方法，通过气液两相交替压裂，提高煤层透气性，从而提高瓦斯抽采效果。 Technical problem: The purpose of the present invention is to address the deficiencies of hydraulic fracturing technology in high-gas and low-permeability soft coal seams, and propose a gas-liquid two-phase alternate phase drive fracturing coal body enhanced gas drainage method, through gas-liquid two-phase alternate pressure Cracks, improve the gas permeability of the coal seam, thereby improving the gas drainage effect.

技术方案：本发明的煤矿井下气液两相交替相驱压裂煤体强化瓦斯抽采方法，包括如下步骤： Technical solution: The gas-liquid two-phase alternating phase driving and fracturing coal body enhanced gas extraction method in underground coal mines of the present invention comprises the following steps:

a．在本煤层或穿层中施工一个钻孔作为压裂钻孔，在距离压裂钻孔一侧施工一个同样参数的钻孔作为导水孔，导水孔与压裂钻孔的距离L为2-4m，按常规技术安装压裂管，对两个钻孔进行耐高压封孔； a. Construct a borehole in this coal seam or through the seam as a fracturing borehole, and construct a borehole with the same parameters on the side away from the fracturing borehole as a water guide hole. The distance L between the water guide hole and the fracturing borehole is 2 -4m, install the fracturing pipe according to the conventional technology, and seal the two boreholes with high pressure resistance;

b.在压裂钻孔孔口连接压裂设备，所述压裂设备包括由自动控制水箱、水泵构成的供水装置和气体增压器，供水装置的出水管和气体增压器的出气管经Y形三通连接在一起，Y形三通的出口经高压胶管与压裂管相连接，供水装置的出水管、气体增压器出气管和压裂管入口管上分别设有单向阀，高压胶管上装有溢流阀； b. Connect the fracturing equipment at the opening of the fracturing drilling hole. The fracturing equipment includes a water supply device and a gas booster composed of an automatic control water tank and a water pump. The water outlet pipe of the water supply device and the gas outlet pipe of the gas booster The Y-shaped tee is connected together, and the outlet of the Y-shaped tee is connected to the fracturing pipe through the high-pressure rubber hose. The outlet pipe of the water supply device, the outlet pipe of the gas booster and the inlet pipe of the fracturing pipe are respectively equipped with one-way valves. An overflow valve is installed on the high-pressure hose;

c.调节溢流阀的溢流量，打开水泵，以不超过3MPa的压力水经压裂管进入压裂钻孔，对压裂钻孔实施水力压裂，压裂10min后，关闭水泵，停止水力压裂； c. Adjust the overflow of the overflow valve, turn on the water pump, and enter the fracturing borehole through the fracturing pipe with a pressure of no more than 3MPa, and perform hydraulic fracturing on the fracturing borehole. After fracturing for 10 minutes, turn off the water pump and stop the hydraulic pressure. fracture;

d.开启气体增压器，对压裂钻孔进行气相压裂，压力达到3MPa时，关闭气体增压器，停止气相压裂； d. Turn on the gas booster to perform gas phase fracturing on the fracturing borehole. When the pressure reaches 3MPa, turn off the gas booster to stop gas phase fracturing;

e.重复步骤c、d多次，每重复一次提高水压和气压2-3MPa，当距离压裂钻孔一侧的导水孔出现水流出时，停止水力压裂，继续气相压裂，当导水孔水流停止，或有气体涌出时，结束气相压裂； e. Repeat steps c and d several times, and increase the water pressure and air pressure by 2-3MPa each time. When water flows out from the water guide hole on the side of the fracturing borehole, stop hydraulic fracturing and continue gas phase fracturing. When the water flow in the water guide hole stops, or when there is gas gushing out, the gas phase fracturing ends;

f．关闭压裂管上的阀门，拆除压裂设备，对压裂钻孔和导水孔联入瓦斯抽采管网，进行瓦斯抽采。 f. Close the valve on the fracturing pipe, dismantle the fracturing equipment, and connect the fracturing borehole and water guide hole to the gas drainage pipe network for gas drainage.

有益效果：本发明通过水力和气体气液两相交替相驱致裂煤体，促进煤体内部裂隙发育、扩展和贯通，利用水力压裂驱赶瓦斯，再利用气相压裂驱动水力，有效解决了单一水力压裂后水分残留水中阻碍瓦斯释放和解析的问题，提高了瓦斯抽采效果。同时，气液两相交替相驱充分利用两相的优点，逐级提高压裂压力，使得煤体内部裂隙发育更为充分，煤体增透效果大幅提高。其方法简单，操作方便，要本技术领域内具有广泛的实用性。 Beneficial effects: the present invention promotes the development, expansion and penetration of internal fissures in the coal body through hydraulic and gas gas-liquid two-phase alternate phase driving to crack the coal body, uses hydraulic fracturing to drive away gas, and then uses gas-phase fracturing to drive hydraulic power, effectively solving the problem of After single hydraulic fracturing, the residual water in the water hinders the release and analysis of gas, which improves the gas drainage effect. At the same time, the gas-liquid two-phase alternating phase flooding makes full use of the advantages of the two phases to increase the fracturing pressure step by step, so that the internal fractures of the coal body are more fully developed, and the permeability enhancement effect of the coal body is greatly improved. The method is simple, convenient to operate, and has wide applicability in the technical field.

附图说明 Description of drawings

图1是本发明煤矿井下气液两相交替相驱压裂煤体强化瓦斯抽采方法布局示意图。 Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the layout of the gas-liquid two-phase alternating phase drive fracturing coal mass enhanced gas drainage method in an underground coal mine according to the present invention.

图中：1－压裂钻孔，2—导水孔，3—自动控制水箱，4—水泵，5—气体增压器，6-1—单向阀一，6-2—单向阀二，6-3—单向阀三，7—三通，8—高压胶管，9—溢流阀，10—压裂管，11—阀门。 In the figure: 1 - fracturing drilling, 2 - water guide hole, 3 - automatic control water tank, 4 - water pump, 5 - gas booster, 6-1 - one-way valve one, 6-2 - one-way valve two , 6-3—one-way valve three, 7—tee, 8—high pressure hose, 9—overflow valve, 10—fracturing pipe, 11—valve.

具体实施方式 detailed description

下面结合附图对本发明的一个实施例作进一步的描述： An embodiment of the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:

本发明的煤矿井下气液两相交替相驱压裂煤体强化瓦斯抽采方法： The gas-liquid two-phase alternating phase drive fracturing coal body enhanced gas drainage method in underground coal mines of the present invention:

a．首先在本煤层或穿层中施工一个钻孔作为压裂钻孔1，在距离压裂钻孔1一侧施工一个同样参数的钻孔作为导水孔2，导水孔2与压裂钻孔1的距离L为2-4m，按常规技术安装压裂管10，对两个钻孔进行耐高压封孔； a. First, construct a borehole in the coal seam or through the seam as the fracturing borehole 1, and construct a borehole with the same parameters on the side away from the fracturing borehole 1 as the water guide hole 2, and the water guide hole 2 and the fracturing borehole The distance L of 1 is 2-4m, and the fracturing pipe 10 is installed according to the conventional technology, and the two boreholes are sealed with high pressure;

b.在压裂钻孔1孔口处连接压裂设备，并检验水力压裂设备和气体压裂设备的性能，所述压裂设备包括由自动控制水箱3、水泵4构成的供水装置和气体增压器5，供水装置的出水管和气体增压器5的出气管经Y形三通7连接在一起，Y形三通7的出口经高压胶管8与压裂管10相连接，供水装置的出水管上设有单向阀一6-1，气体增压器5出气管上设有单向阀二6-2，压裂管10的入口管上单向阀三6-3，Y形三通7连接压裂管10的高压胶管8上装有溢流阀9； b. Connect fracturing equipment at the opening of fracturing borehole 1, and check the performance of hydraulic fracturing equipment and gas fracturing equipment. The supercharger 5, the water outlet pipe of the water supply device and the air outlet pipe of the gas supercharger 5 are connected together through the Y-shaped tee 7, and the outlet of the Y-shaped tee 7 is connected with the fracturing pipe 10 through the high-pressure rubber hose 8, and the water supply device One-way valve one 6-1 is arranged on the outlet pipe of the gas booster 5, one-way valve two 6-2 is arranged on the outlet pipe of the gas booster 5, and one-way valve three 6-3 is arranged on the inlet pipe of the fracturing pipe 10, Y-shaped An overflow valve 9 is installed on the high-pressure rubber hose 8 connecting the tee 7 to the fracturing pipe 10;

c.调节溢流阀9的溢流量，打开水泵4，以不超过3MPa的压力水依次通过单向阀6-1、三通7、高压胶管8、再经压裂管10进入压裂钻孔1，对压裂钻孔1实施水力压裂，压裂10min后，关闭水泵4，停止水力压裂； c. Adjust the overflow volume of the overflow valve 9, turn on the water pump 4, and then pass through the one-way valve 6-1, the tee 7, the high-pressure rubber hose 8, and then enter the fracturing drilling hole through the fracturing pipe 10 with the pressure water not exceeding 3MPa 1. Implement hydraulic fracturing to the fracturing borehole 1. After 10 minutes of fracturing, turn off the water pump 4 and stop the hydraulic fracturing;

d.开启气体增压器5，对压裂钻孔1进行气相压裂，通过溢流阀9调节压力，当压力达到3MPa时，关闭气体增压器5，停止气相压裂； d. Turn on the gas booster 5 to perform gas phase fracturing on the fracturing borehole 1, adjust the pressure through the overflow valve 9, and when the pressure reaches 3MPa, close the gas booster 5 to stop the gas phase fracturing;

e.重复步骤c、d多次，每重复一次提高水压和气压2-3MPa，当距离压裂钻孔1一侧的导水孔2出现水流出时，停止水力压裂，继续气相压裂，当导水孔2水流停止，或有气体涌出时，结束气相压裂；例如：以水压力为3MPa低压压裂钻孔10min后切换至气相压裂，气相压力达到水力压裂最大压力时切换至水力压裂，提高水压力至6MPa，压裂10min后切换至气相压裂，气相压力达到水力压裂最大压力时切换至水力压裂，提高水压力至9MPa，压裂10min后切换至气相压裂，所相压力达到水力压裂时的最大压力时切换至水力压裂。导水孔2出水时，停止水力压裂，切换至气相压裂至导水孔无水，结束压裂作业； e. Repeat steps c and d several times, and increase the water pressure and air pressure by 2-3 MPa each time. When water flows out from the water guide hole 2 on the side of the fracturing borehole 1, stop hydraulic fracturing and continue gas phase fracturing , when the water flow in the water guide hole 2 stops, or when there is gas gushing out, the gas phase fracturing is ended; for example: when the water pressure is 3MPa, the low pressure fracturing is drilled for 10 minutes and then switched to gas phase fracturing, when the gas phase pressure reaches the maximum pressure of hydraulic fracturing Switch to hydraulic fracturing, increase water pressure to 6MPa, switch to gas phase fracturing after 10 minutes of fracturing, switch to hydraulic fracturing when gas phase pressure reaches the maximum pressure of hydraulic fracturing, increase water pressure to 9MPa, switch to gas phase after fracturing for 10 minutes Fracturing, switch to hydraulic fracturing when the phase pressure reaches the maximum pressure during hydraulic fracturing. When water comes out of the water guide hole 2, stop hydraulic fracturing, switch to gas phase fracturing until the water guide hole has no water, and end the fracturing operation;

f．关闭压裂管10上的阀门11，拆除压裂设备，对压裂钻孔1和导水孔2联入瓦斯抽采管网，进行瓦斯抽采。 f. Close the valve 11 on the fracturing pipe 10, dismantle the fracturing equipment, connect the fracturing borehole 1 and the water guide hole 2 into the gas drainage pipe network, and perform gas drainage.

Claims (1)

1. underground coal mine gas-liquid two-phase alternately drives a pressure break coal body strengthening gas pumping method mutually, it is characterized in that: the method comprises the steps:
A. this coal seam or wear in layer construct one boring as pressure break boring (1), the boring of a same parameter of constructing in distance pressure break boring (1) side is as water-guiding hole (2), the hole distance L of (1) of water-guiding hole (2) and pressure break is 2-4m, technology installs pressure break pipe (10) routinely, carries out high pressure resistant sealing of hole to two borings;
B. fracturing unit is connected in pressure break boring (1) aperture, described fracturing unit comprises by automatically controlling water tank (3), the water supply installation that water pump (4) is formed and gas booster (5), the escape pipe of the outlet pipe of water supply installation and gas booster (5) links together through Y shape threeway (7), the outlet of Y shape threeway (7) is connected with pressure break pipe (10) through high-pressure rubber pipe (8), the outlet pipe of water supply installation, gas booster (5) escape pipe and pressure break pipe (10) inlet tube are respectively equipped with one way valve, overflow valve (9) high-pressure rubber pipe (8) is equipped with,
C. the spillway discharge of regulation relief valve (9), opens water pump (4), enters pressure break boring (1) with the press water being no more than 3MPa through pressure break pipe (10), fracturing is implemented to pressure break boring (1), after pressure break 10min, switch off the pump (4), stops fracturing;
D. open gas booster (5), gas phase pressure break is carried out to pressure break boring (1), when pressure reaches 3MPa, close gas booster (5), stop gas phase pressure break;
E. repeat step c, d many times, often repeat once to improve hydraulic pressure and air pressure 2-3MPa, when the water-guiding hole (2) of distance pressure break boring (1) side occurs that water flows out, stop fracturing, continue gas phase pressure break, when water-guiding hole (2) current stop, or when having gas to gush out, terminate gas phase pressure break;
F. close the valve (11) in pressure break pipe (10), remove fracturing unit, gas pumping pipe network is linked to pressure break boring (1) and water-guiding hole (2), carries out gas pumping.
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