CN103529022A - 基于量子光电效应快速可视化检测铜离子含量的方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用氧化还原性有机染料指示量子点光电过程而实现可视化快速检测铜离子的方法。特征是:①有机染料直接接受量子点光电子及其耦合质子而被还原;②通过铜离子对量子效应的干扰,影响染料的还原效率;③染料还原效率的改变导致其颜色发生变化;④颜色变化可由肉眼直接读出,并与铜离子浓度相关。本发明直接用太阳光光照产生量子点的光电效应,有机染料、量子点与待测溶液直接在玻璃或类似基质上混合、反应并产生颜色变化,利用扫描或照相方法获得检测信号,无需其它设备,检测成本低,操作方便,方法灵敏、快速,检测的浓度范围宽,抗干扰能力强,适用于铜含量分析的广阔领域。
Description
一、技术领域
本发明是一种可视化检测铜离子含量的方法。它利用光照量子点产生的光电子还原黄色的硝基四氮唑蓝(NBT)生成蓝紫色的甲臜,来指示2,3-二巯基丁二酸(DMSA)包裹的CdTe量子点的量子光电效应,并利用铜离子对量子点光电效应的淬灭作用,实现铜离子含量的高灵敏可视化检测。
二、背景技术
量子点是三个维度上均具有纳米级尺寸的材料,具有良好的光学和电学性质。在光照下,量子点可以产生光电效应。量子点的能带状态受量子限域效应控制,直接表现为能带间能量随量子点粒径的减小而增大,因此量子效应直接控制量子点的光电性质。与普通半导体材料相比,量子点的这种量子效应控制的光电效应具有电子能量集中、对外界条件变化响应更敏感等特点。量子点作为标记物或敏化剂已应用于光电化学传感器的研制,实现了一些物质的高灵敏检测。但这些检测方法都依赖于价格相对昂贵的光电仪器,对操作水平的要求也很高。因此,在充分保持量子效应控制的光电效应所具有的独特优势的前提下,发展更简便、更直接、更敏度的快速检测方法是一个具有挑战性的课题。
NBT是一种黄色水溶性有机染料,常被用来鉴定超氧自由基(O2 -·)是否存在。O2 -·可将NBT还原为蓝紫色的二甲臜,显示出颜色变化。由于O2 -·是很多酶反应的中间体,因此NBT实验常被用来评估一些酶的活性或者间接用于评估微生物细胞和哺乳动物的新陈代谢活性。本发明利用NBT可直接接受纳米粒子的活性光电子而被还原为蓝紫色的二甲臜,通过的颜色变化,发明了一种定量检测方法。
铜对人体来讲是一种重要的微量元素,由于其含量过高会引起生物中毒,引起疾病,因此在环境中也是一种污染元素,对其进行快速定量检测具有重要意义。目前已有荧光能量转移、伏安法、光电化学、电致化学发光、原子吸收、等离子体--原子发射质谱等方法对其进行定量检测,但这些方法均需特定的检测仪器,并需要专业人员进行操作,试样处理过程复杂,不便于高通量、快速检测。为克服这些缺点,一些研究人员一直在努力尝试发展可视化的方法对铜离子进行检测,并提出了基于铜催化点击反应使金纳米粒子聚集变色的方法,但此类方法的检测浓度范围过窄,检测灵敏度也有待进一步提高。
三、发明内容
本发明的目的是:提出一种利用氧化还原性有机染料直接指示量子点光电效应和可视化检测铜离子浓度的方法。铜离子可通过对量子点光电效应的影响很灵敏地干扰NBT的还原与变色过程,从而实现铜离子的灵敏、快速可视化的定量检测。
本发明通过以下技术方案来实现:
将等体积的2,3-二巯基丁二酸包裹的CdTe量子点溶液、硝基四氮唑蓝溶液和铜离子溶液分别滴到玻璃或类似基质上混合,在太阳光光照下观察溶液的变色时间和最终颜色深度,将相同光照时间所获得的斑点进行比较,可利用已知浓度的标准溶液得出待测铜离子的浓度,从而求出待测样品中铜的含量。
上述的2,3-二巯基丁二酸包裹的CdTe量子点可通过电解法制备,量子点的光电效应可由太阳光、汞灯、荧光灯、白炽灯等多种光源光照来实现,而颜色的变化可用扫描或照相方法结合图片处理软件获得检测信号。
基于量子光电效应快速可视化检测铜离子含量的具体步骤如下:
(1)电解法制备DMSA包裹的CdTe量子点水溶液,同时配置适当浓度的NBT水溶液。
(2)将等体积的DMSA包裹的CdTe量子点溶液、NBT溶液和铜离子溶液分别滴到玻璃或类似基质上混合,在太阳光照下产生量子光电效应、NBT还原,观察溶液的颜色变化。其变色反应所依据的方程式为:。
(3)用扫描或照相方法获得基质上斑点的图片(图1),结合图片处理软件获得检测信号(灰度)。
(4)利用不同溶液的铜离子标准溶液与相应的灰度,获得检测的工作曲线,从工作曲线求出待测样品中铜的含量。
本发明利用量子点光电效应还原染料而产生颜色变化,对光电效应及其干扰物质进行定量测定,具有以下特点:
1)检测方法的操作十分简便,对操作人员技术要求低,检测过程快速。
2)此方法检测限低至10-8M数量级,考虑到微升级样品体积即可实现检测,绝对检测限为10-14mol,可检测的浓度范围宽达5个数量级,大大优于传统的比色方法,而且,绝大多数离子对检测没有干扰。
3)所用光源并不局限于太阳光,汞灯、荧光灯、白炽灯等各种光源均可以作为此方法的光源。
4)不需特定仪器,检测成本低廉,可实现现场监测。
四、附图说明
图1.铜离子存在下量子点+NBT混合液在60000Lux强度光照5min后的颜色变化。铜离子浓度从左到右依次为0,1×10-8,3.3×10-8,3.3×10-7,3.3×10-6,3.3×10-5与3.3×10-4M.
五、具体实施方式
(1)电解法制备DMSA包裹的CdTe量子点。将6.5mg DMSA,200μL 1M NaOH和120μL 0.1M CdCl2与20mL水混合,在持续通N2气氛下以Te棒为阴极在-1.0V(相对于饱和甘汞电极)电压下电解,总电解电量为0.5库伦时得到的电解液在50℃水浴下回流24小时后,加入等体积异丙醇离心沉淀,将沉淀物用等体积混合的异丙醇与水溶液洗涤后分散在水中,得到DMSA-CdTe量子点溶液,在4℃下储存备用,可储存3个月。
(2)配置1mg/mLNBT水溶液,并取5μL与5μL量子点溶液、5μL铜离子或样品溶液滴在玻璃板上混合。
(3)将玻璃板置于太阳光或60000Lux光源下光照5min后,用扫描或照相方法获得基质上斑点的图片(图1)。
(4)用图片处理软件获得斑点的灰度,并利用铜离子标准溶液获得铜离子检测的工作曲线。
(5)从工作曲线求出待测样品中铜的含量。
Claims (6)
1.用氧化还原性有机染料指示量子点光电过程,实现铜离子的可视化快速检测,其具体实施方法如下:将等体积的2,3-二巯基丁二酸包裹的CdTe量子点溶液、硝基四氮唑蓝溶液和铜离子溶液分别滴到玻璃或类似基质上混合,在太阳光光照下观察溶液的变色时间和最终颜色深度,将相同光照时间所获得的斑点进行比较,可利用已知浓度的标准溶液得出待测铜离子的浓度,从而求出待测样品中铜的含量。
2.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于用2,3-二巯基丁二酸包裹的CdTe量子点与硝基四氮唑蓝染料可获得明显的颜色变化。
3.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于室温下用太阳光光照量子点、硝基四氮唑蓝和铜离子混合溶液,可观察到染料的颜色变化。
4.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征在于可视化反应发生在玻璃或类似基质上,因而可利用扫描或照相方法获得检测信号。
5.根据权利要求1的方法,其特征还在于在相同的光照时间下检测信号与铜离子的浓度相关,因而可获得待测样品中铜的含量。
6.本发明所用光源并不局限于太阳光,汞灯、荧光灯、白炽灯等各种光源均可以作为此方法的光源。
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CN108693175B (zh) * | 2017-04-07 | 2021-07-30 | 南京大学 | 一种采用高通量光电比色法检测铜离子的方法 |
CN107655844A (zh) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-02-02 | 中国检验检疫科学研究院 | 用于铜离子比色法的显色剂、铜离子比色法传感器及其使用方法和用途 |
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