CN103512811A - Shearing apparatus - Google Patents
Shearing apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN103512811A CN103512811A CN201210214496.3A CN201210214496A CN103512811A CN 103512811 A CN103512811 A CN 103512811A CN 201210214496 A CN201210214496 A CN 201210214496A CN 103512811 A CN103512811 A CN 103512811A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the field of an analyzing and measuring control technology, and discloses a shearing apparatus. The shearing apparatus comprises a shearing box composed of an upper box body and a lower box body which are communicated with each other and can slide relatively, a stress testing table of which one end is fixed to the lower box body and the other end is provided with a supporting frame, a force applying module arranged on the supporting frame in order to generate a pull force or push force in the direction from the lower box body to the supporting frame, and a force meter connected with the upper box body and the force applying module. In the shearing apparatus, the volume of the shearing box formed by the upper and lower box bodies can be manufactured as required, the enough volume can be guaranteed, so as to accurately measure barren rocks and mineral waste residues in each mining area, and thus the blank that a testing apparatus in the prior art cannot measure large ore in the mining area is filled up; with the combination of the shearing box, the force applying module and the force meter, the accurate measurement for the shearing force of the barren rocks stones and mineral waste residues in the mining area can be realized.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to analyze and survey control technology field, particularly relate to a kind of boxshear apparatus, be applied in Abandoned Land of Mine repair process, measure shear stress and the stability analysis thereof of mine ground, for the reparation in mine provides standard and judgment, guarantee engineering region resident's the person and property safety.
Background technology
Soil is the discrete material that solid phase, liquid and gas form.Generally speaking, externally, under load action, the stress in the soil body will change.When the shear stress in the soil body surpasses the shearing strength of the soil body itself, the soil body will produce along the wherein slip of a certain slip-crack surface, and makes the soil body lose resistance to overturning.So the destruction of the soil body is all shear failure conventionally.The shearing strength of the soil body refers to the limit that ground, the soil body can bear on shear surface or allows shearing force, is the limit capacity that soil body opposing destroys, the shear stress while equaling shear failure on its numerical value on slipping plane.It can be applied to the multiple subjects such as rock mechanics, soil mechanics, Geotechnical Engineering.
For water and soil conservation subject, in the process that Dui repairs in mining area, the shearing stress of barren rock and slag is to reflect one of important indicator of soil mechanics characteristic in Regional Erosion evaluation, the possibility size of the disasters such as erosion-resisting characteristics and the mine integral body that the size of its shearing strength has directly affected soil comes down, avalanche, shearing stress and the stability analysis of therefore studying mining area barren rock and dregs have very important significance to the reparation in mining area.
The shearing strength of the soil body, first depends on himself character, the material of soil form, the structure of soil and native present state etc.The shearing strength of soil is mainly by cohesive strength c and angle of internal friction
represent cohesive strength c and the angle of internal friction of soil
be called native Shear Strength Index.
Formula (1-1) has represented native shearing strength τ
fwith the relation of normal stress σ, first it put forward in 1776 by French scientist coulomb (C.A.Coulomb), thus also referred to as soil shear strength coulomb formula.From formula (1-1), for sand, τ
fwith the relation curve of σ be by initial point (0,0), and, it be with coordinate system in abscissa axis be
the straight line at angle.This straight-line equation is:
In formula: τ
f---the shearing strength (kN/m of sand
2);
σ---the normal stress (kN/m that sand sample is suffered
2);
---the angle of internal friction of sand (°).
The early stage research work that More (Mohr, 1910) continues coulomb, the destruction that proposes the soil body is the theory of shear failure, thinks on the plane of fracture, normal stress σ and shearing strength τ
fbetween exist funtcional relationship, that is:
τ
f=f(σ)
The defined curve of this function is a micro-curved curve, is called More and destroys envelope curve or shearing strength envelope curve.If represent that in soil unit, some the point of going up σ and τ drops on below destruction envelope curve, show that the shear stress τ on this face is less than native shearing strength τ
f, the soil body can be along this face generation shear failure.If point just in time drops on, destroy on envelope curve, show that on the cross section of this representative, shear stress equals shearing strength, soil unit is in critical collapse state or state of limit equilibrium.If point shows that soil unit destroys more than dropping on and destroying envelope curve.In fact the stress state that drops on some representative more than destruction envelope curve can not exist, because shear stress τ is increased to shearing strength τ
ftime, can not continue again to increase.
The test apparatus kind and the test method that while testing native Shear Strength Index, adopt have a significant impact the test findings of native Shear Strength Index.At present, people often adopt the method for direct shear test, triaxial shear test, unconfined compression test and vane shear test to study native material composition, particle shape, arrangement, contact and mode of connection etc., to illustrate the essence of native shearing strength.The principle that these methods adopt is above-mentioned coulomb formula and the broken ring of More envelope curve.
But for current technical method: direct shear test has the advantages such as instrument and equipment is simple, easy to operate.But its shortcoming be shear stress in soil sample along shear surface skewness, be not easy to control drainage condition, in process of the test, shear surface changes etc.; The advantage of vane shear test is not need to drill through undisturbed soil sample, less to native structural perturbation, but it is applicable to the cohesive soil of soft-plastic state.
In the time of all kinds of mineral resources of whole nation development, produced a large amount of abandoned mines, had a strong impact on ecologic environment and the landscape construction of China, these abandoned mines also cause and have formed certain geologic hazard, jeopardize people life property safety.The restoration of the ecosystem of Abandoned Land of Mine has become one of important content of restoration of the ecosystem.In the practice that repair in Er mine, the stability of the mine soil body has very important effect.Can the mining area soil body have higher stability, and stronger shearing stress is directly connected to the safety of mining area and surrounding area.The mining area soil body has larger shear resistance, can reduce the mining area generation soil erosion by first mate's degree, promotes the growth of plant on it, accelerates the progress of plantation in mining area; Meanwhile, stronger shear resistance also can prevent the generation of the disasters such as landslide, avalanche, and the stability size that can say the mining area soil body is to weigh one of important indicator whether mining area reparation is successful.And the experimental apparatus of general measure shearing resistance all can only record the soil of smaller size smaller.For current all experimental techniques, the soil body that its shear box can only load smaller size smaller carries out shearing experiment, in the process that repair in Er mine, what measure is shearing stress and the geotechnical stability of the mining area barren rock of bulk, and current existing method all can not meet the demands.
Summary of the invention
(1) technical matters that will solve
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to overcome defect of the prior art, and a kind of instrument for measuring mining area bulk barren rock and waste shearing stress is provided, thereby solves the difficult problem that in the reparation of mining area, geotechnical stability is analyzed.
(2) technical scheme
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of boxshear apparatus, it comprises:
Shear case, comprise the upper box and the lower box that are communicated with and can relative sliding between the two;
Described lower box is fixed in stress test Tai，Qi one end, and the other end is provided with bracing frame;
Application of force module, is arranged on support frame as described above, with pulling force or the thrust on producing along described lower box to support frame as described above direction;
Dynamometer, connects described upper box and application of force module.
Wherein, the surface of contact between described upper box and lower box is smooth flat.
Wherein, be provided with scale and indicate on the surface that described lower box contacts with upper box, described scale indicates the direction setting along described application of force module pulling force or thrust.
Wherein, described application of force module comprises:
Force application rod, it connects one end of application of force conductive bar;
Application of force conductive bar, is arranged on support frame as described above by fixed conversion part, and described force application rod is positioned at a side of described fixed conversion part;
The first strain gauge connector, is connected with the other end of described application of force conductive bar.
Wherein, on described upper box, be provided with the second strain gauge connector, between described the second strain gauge connector and described the first strain gauge connector, be connected described dynamometer.
Wherein, described the second strain gauge connector and described the first strain gauge connector are positioned in same level.
Wherein, described dynamometer comprises strain gauge, and the display unit being connected with described strain gauge; Described strain gauge connects respectively described the second strain gauge connector and the first strain gauge connector, and described display unit is for showing the stress intensity that described strain gauge records.
Wherein, between described application of force conductive bar and described fixed conversion part, be threaded connection.
Wherein, described the first strain gauge connector is provided with joint sleeve and is connected packing ring with the junction of described application of force conductive bar.
Wherein, described lower box bottom surface is provided with a plurality of permeable holes.
(3) beneficial effect
The boxshear apparatus that technique scheme provides, the formed shearing casing of upper and lower casing is long-pending can be made as required, can guarantee that volume is sufficient, accurately to measure various mining areas barren rock and dregs, has filled up the blank that current test apparatus cannot be measured mining area lump ore; Shear case and coordinate application of force module and dynamometer to use, can realize the accurate measurement of mining area barren rock and dregs shearing force.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the assembling schematic diagram of embodiment of the present invention boxshear apparatus;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation after the assembling of embodiment of the present invention boxshear apparatus.
Wherein, 1: upper box; 2: lower box; 3: stress test platform; 4: casing fixed card slot; 5: gim peg; 6: application of force conductive bar; 7: force application rod; 8: force application rod termination; 9: bracing frame; J1: the first strain gauge connector; J2: the second strain gauge connector; L1: web member; L2: the first joint sleeve; L3: first connects packing ring; L4: second connects packing ring; L5: the second joint sleeve; L6: fixed conversion part.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the specific embodiment of the present invention is described in further detail.Following examples are used for illustrating the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
Fig. 1 shows the assembling schematic diagram of the present embodiment boxshear apparatus, and Fig. 2 is the structural representation after this boxshear apparatus assembling.See figures.1.and.2, this boxshear apparatus comprises: shear case, comprise the upper box 1 and the lower box 2 that are communicated with and can relative sliding between the two; Described lower box 2 is fixed in stress test platform 3 ，Qi one end, and the other end is provided with bracing frame 9; Application of force module, is arranged on support frame as described above 9, with pulling force or the thrust on producing along described lower box 2 to support frame as described above 9 directions; Dynamometer (not shown), connects described upper box 1 and application of force module.When carrying out shearing force measurement, measured mining area barren rock and dregs are placed on to be sheared in case, between application of force module and upper box 1, connect dynamometer, by application of force module, apply pulling force or thrust, by dynamometer, shown in real time, this pulling force or thrust are on upper box 1, when this pulling force or thrust acquire a certain degree, cause that the relatively fixed lower box 2 of upper box 1 slides, in conjunction with the size of the measured power of dynamometer and the distance of relative lower box 2 slips of upper box 1, can analyze the shearing force of measured mining area barren rock and dregs.
Particularly, upper box 1 and the surface of contact between lower box 2 that the present embodiment is sheared case are smooth flat, when mining area barren rock and dregs are filled in upper box 1 and lower box 2 stacks, between two smooth planes, pad a pad, avoid upper box 1 directly to contact with lower box 2, form stable barren rock and dregs fixed body in shearing case after, can carry out shear stress test, now by pad from extracting out between upper box 1 and lower box 2, reducing to greatest extent sample shear hits and does not belong to the friction force of shear stress, avoided affecting due to the existence of friction force the size of the shearing stress of sample, it is more accurate to make to measure.The present embodiment upper box 1 internal diameter is 300mm*300mm, and steel plate thickness is 3mm, is highly 150mm; The slipping plane of upper box 1 both sides is wider faces, and width is 25mm, thickness 20mm, is furnished with casing gim peg 5 on slipping plane, keyhole footpath 10mm.Upper box 1 face bonding is connected to the second strain gauge connector J2, the second strain gauge connector J2 is used for connecting dynamometer, be positioned in the middle of upper box 1, apart from slipping plane 13mm place, specifically comprise that diameter is the circular stiff end of 25mm, welding " recessed " font connector on stiff end, it is wide that connector is of a size of 34mm, and 34mm is thick, and connector diameter is 10mm.Shearing case lower box 2 internal diameter sizes is 300mm*300mm, height 150mm, lower box 2 is fixed on stress test platform 3 by casing fixed card slot 4, is equipped with permeable hole, aperture 5mm on lower box 2 bases, Kong Jian interval 25mm, pitch-row steel plate is apart from 75mm, and lower part box slipping plane is of a size of width 25mm, thickness 20mm, is furnished with casing gim peg 5 on slipping plane, keyhole footpath 10mm, the gim peg 5 on upper box 1 and lower box 2 is for shearing the locking of case.The present embodiment is sheared case sufficient volume, and concrete size can also adjust accordingly as required, can accurately measure various mining areas barren rock and dregs, has filled up the blank that current test apparatus cannot be measured mining area lump ore.Shear case and adopt certain thickness steel plate, can allow various ores and dregs to carry out shearing experiment on this instrument, and casing does not deform, and does not affect measurement result.Shear in case and have larger volume, can also be used to carry out further plant growth experiment, avoid the experimental error being caused by soil body difference.
In order to improve mining area barren rock and the dregs convenience in shearing force measuring process, on the surface that described lower box 2 contacts with upper box 1, be provided with scale and indicate, described scale indicates the direction setting along described application of force module pulling force or thrust.The setting that scale indicates, the distance that can be convenient to check intuitively in real time relative lower box 2 slips of upper box 1, the triviality of reduction shearing force Measurement and analysis; And, the displacement occurring while can Measurement accuracy upper box 1 being subject to external force, diversity ratio that also can be by displacement is compared with the shearing stress of various sample and stability size.
The present embodiment stress test platform 3 is set to rectangle platen, length 800mm, width 350mm, thickness 38mm, stress test platform 3 one end are provided with the fixed orifice of corresponding casing fixed card slot 4, be used for fixedly lower box 2, stress test platform 3 other ends arrange support frame as described above 9, bracing frame material is that thickness is 8mm steel plate, for the upper trapezoidal steel plate that pushes up 28mm, the 95mm that goes to the bottom, height 158mm, bracing frame thickness 110mm, an integrated support frame 9 employing amounts M8 rivet is fixed on stress test platform 3, rivet centre distance stress edge of table 136mm, rivet center distance 78mm.Bracing frame 9 tops are embedded with the application of force module fixed conversion part L6 of thickness 16mm, and application of force module is fixed on bracing frame 9 by described fixed conversion part L6.
Particularly, described application of force module comprises: force application rod 7, and it connects one end of application of force conductive bar 6; Application of force conductive bar 6, is arranged on support frame as described above 9 by fixed conversion part L6, and described force application rod 7 is positioned at a side of described fixed conversion part L6; The first strain gauge connector J1, is connected with the other end of described application of force conductive bar 6.Between application of force conductive bar 6 and described fixed conversion part L6, be threaded connection, the two ends of force application rod 7 are respectively arranged with force application rod termination 8, as holding use, by force application rod 7, around the point of fixity between itself and application of force conductive bar 6, rotate, circumferential revolving force is converted to the power of the axial rectilinear direction of application of force conductive bar 6, based on lever principle, reduce to greatest extent the difficulty of manual operation, test simple.
In the present embodiment, between the first strain gauge connector J1 and the second strain gauge connector J2, connect described dynamometer, the first strain gauge connector J1 and the second strain gauge connector J2 are positioned in same level, can guarantee that pulling force that application of force module applies or thrust are along straight line transmission.The first strain gauge connector J1 is provided with web member L1, the first joint sleeve L2, first with the junction of described application of force conductive bar 6 and is connected packing ring L3, the second connection packing ring L4 and the second joint sleeve L5, each link is fitted together, can guarantee to shear case according to the direction generation straight-line displacement of the application of force in shear history, avoid breakking away, reduced the error in measuring process.
In the present embodiment, described dynamometer comprises strain gauge, and the display unit being connected with described strain gauge; Described strain gauge connects respectively described the second strain gauge connector J2 and the first strain gauge connector J1, and described display unit is for showing the stress intensity that described strain gauge records.Experiment is furnished with the dynamometer of different ranges, for different ores and dregs, adopts different dynamometers, has reduced error on the one hand, has also protected on the other hand instrument itself, avoids the in the situation that of unknown shearing stress, because range damages instrument not.Dynamometer itself has compared with highland transmission speed, and stress induction device exactly, shows in real time and the size that pushes away (drawing) power reduces error.Meanwhile, dynamometer is also equipped with data line, can directly be connected with computing machine, further calculates.Dynamometer is equipped with charging system, can operate in the wild, has increased the applicability of instrument.
The specific works process of the present embodiment boxshear apparatus is as follows:
First by special upper box 1 and lower box 2 combinations, experiment is evenly put into and sheared casing with dregs or ore; Wherein, when loading dregs or ore materials in shearing case, between upper box 1 and lower box 2, pad a pad, avoid upper box 1 and lower box 2 directly to contact and produce friction force.
Shown in accompanying drawing 1, each link is linked in sequence, force application rod 7 is fixed in application of force conductive bar 6; Finally shearing case fixing rivet is fixed on stress test platform 3, fixed shear case, in the time of can avoiding shear stress excessive, shears case and departs from;
Strain gauge one end of dynamometer is connected with the second strain gauge connector J2 that shears upper box part, with gim peg, fixes, the other end of dynamometer is connected with the first strain gauge connector J1, with gim peg, fix equally;
After to be installed completing, can start experiment, now pad be removed, between upper box 1 and lower box 2, have certain interval, friction force is entirely zero.Hand rotation force application rod 7, (drawing) power that pushes away conducts to strain gauge along application of force conductive bar 6, dynamometer shows data immediately, (drawing) power that pushes away reaches shearing case again, when pushing away (drawing) power, reach after certain value, shear case upper box 1 and start to occur the displacement along pulling force (thrust) direction, by shearing the rule on case lower box 2, can draw the displacement that upper box 1 occurs;
Continue increase and push away (drawing) power, the registration on dynamometer constantly increases, and when shear stress reaches maximal value, continues to strengthen (drawing) power that pushes away, and it is maximum that the numerical value showing on dynamometer reaches, and no longer changes, and this numerical value is the maximum shearing stress of sample.
As can be seen from the above embodiments, the formed shearing casing of the upper and lower casing of the present invention is long-pending can be made as required, can guarantee that volume is sufficient, accurately to measure various mining areas barren rock and dregs, has filled up the blank that current test apparatus cannot be measured mining area lump ore; Shear case and coordinate application of force module and dynamometer to use, can realize the accurate measurement of mining area barren rock and dregs shearing force.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, do not departing under the prerequisite of the technology of the present invention principle; can also make some improvement and replacement, these improvement and replacement also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a boxshear apparatus, is characterized in that, comprising:
Shear case, comprise the upper box and the lower box that are communicated with and can relative sliding between the two;
Described lower box is fixed in stress test Tai，Qi one end, and the other end is provided with bracing frame;
Application of force module, is arranged on support frame as described above, with pulling force or the thrust on producing along described lower box to support frame as described above direction;
Dynamometer, connects described upper box and application of force module.
2. boxshear apparatus as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the surface of contact between described upper box and lower box is smooth flat.
3. boxshear apparatus as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that, is provided with scale and indicates on the surface that described lower box contacts with upper box, and described scale indicates the direction setting along described application of force module pulling force or thrust.
4. boxshear apparatus as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described application of force module comprises:
Force application rod, it connects one end of application of force conductive bar;
Application of force conductive bar, is arranged on support frame as described above by fixed conversion part, and described force application rod is positioned at a side of described fixed conversion part;
The first strain gauge connector, is connected with the other end of described application of force conductive bar.
5. boxshear apparatus as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, is provided with the second strain gauge connector on described upper box, between described the second strain gauge connector and described the first strain gauge connector, is connected described dynamometer.
6. boxshear apparatus as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, described the second strain gauge connector and described the first strain gauge connector are positioned in same level.
7. boxshear apparatus as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, described dynamometer comprises strain gauge, and the display unit being connected with described strain gauge; Described strain gauge connects respectively described the second strain gauge connector and the first strain gauge connector, and described display unit is for showing the stress intensity that described strain gauge records.
8. boxshear apparatus as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, between described application of force conductive bar and described fixed conversion part, is threaded connection.
9. boxshear apparatus as claimed in claim 4, is characterized in that, described the first strain gauge connector is provided with joint sleeve and is connected packing ring with the junction of described application of force conductive bar.
10. boxshear apparatus as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described lower box bottom surface is provided with a plurality of permeable holes.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210214496.3A CN103512811B (en) | 2012-06-25 | 2012-06-25 | A kind of boxshear apparatus |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201210214496.3A CN103512811B (en) | 2012-06-25 | 2012-06-25 | A kind of boxshear apparatus |
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| CN103512811A true CN103512811A (en) | 2014-01-15 |
| CN103512811B CN103512811B (en) | 2016-05-18 |
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| CN106226172A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2016-12-14 | 云南省交通规划设计研究院 | A kind of radical operators Situ Computation device and application process |
| CN106908318A (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2017-06-30 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | The basic mechanical performance test device of core drilling method sample |
| CN113324854A (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2021-08-31 | 西华大学 | Soil sample strength testing device and experimental method thereof |
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| CN113324854A (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2021-08-31 | 西华大学 | Soil sample strength testing device and experimental method thereof |
| CN113324854B (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2022-07-22 | 西华大学 | Soil sample strength testing device and experimental method thereof |
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| CN103512811B (en) | 2016-05-18 |
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