CN103512811B - A kind of boxshear apparatus - Google Patents
A kind of boxshear apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN103512811B CN103512811B CN201210214496.3A CN201210214496A CN103512811B CN 103512811 B CN103512811 B CN 103512811B CN 201210214496 A CN201210214496 A CN 201210214496A CN 103512811 B CN103512811 B CN 103512811B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to analyze and survey control technology field, disclose a kind of boxshear apparatus, it comprises: shear case, comprise between the two the upper box and the lower box that are communicated with and can relative sliding; Stress test platform, described lower box is fixed in its one end, and the other end is provided with bracing frame; Application of force module, is arranged on support frame as described above, with pulling force or thrust on producing along described lower box to support frame as described above direction; Dynamometer, connects described upper box and application of force module. Shearing casing that in the present invention, upper and lower casing forms is long-pending can be made as required, can ensure volume abundance, accurately to measure various mining areas barren rock and dregs, has filled up current test apparatus and cannot measure the blank of mining area lump ore; Shear case and coordinate application of force module and dynamometer to use, can realize the accurate measurement of mining area barren rock and dregs shearing force.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to analyze and survey control technology field, particularly relate to a kind of boxshear apparatus,Be applied in Abandoned Land of Mine repair process the shear stress of mensuration mine ground and stableProperty analyze, for the reparation in mine provides standard and judgment, guarantee engineering region resident the person andProperty safety.
Background technology
Soil is the discrete material of solid phase, liquid and gas composition. Generally speaking, in external loadsUnder effect, the stress in the soil body will change. When the shear stress in the soil body exceedes the soil body itselfShearing strength time, the soil body will produce along the wherein slip of a certain slip-crack surface, and make soil body funeralLose resistance to overturning. So the destruction of the soil body is all failure by shear conventionally. The shearing resistance of the soil body is strongDegree refers to the limit that ground, the soil body can bear on shear surface or allows shearing force, is that the soil body supportsThe limit capacity of anti-destruction, the shear stress while equaling failure by shear on its numerical value on sliding surface. ItCan be applied to the multiple subjects such as rock mechanics, soil mechanics, Geotechnical Engineering.
For water and soil conservation subject, in the process that mining area is repaired, barren rock and slagShearing stress is to reflect one of important indicator of soil mechanics characteristic in Regional Erosion evaluation, itThe size of the shearing strength erosion-resisting characteristics and the mine entirety that have directly affected soil slideThe possibility size of the disaster such as slope, avalanche, therefore studies the shearing stress of mining area barren rock and dregsWith stability analysis, the reparation in mining area is had very important significance.
The shearing strength of the soil body, first depends on himself character, the material of soil composition,Structure and the native present state etc. of soil. The shearing strength of soil is mainly by cohesive strength c and Nei MoWipe angleRepresent cohesive strength c and the internal friction angle of soilBe called native Shear Strength Index.
Formula (1-1) has represented native shearing strength τfWith the relation of normal stress σ, it is by methodState scientist coulomb (C.A.Coulomb) first put forward in 1776, so also referred to as soilThe coulomb formula of body shearing strength. From formula (1-1), for sand, τfWith σ'sRelation curve is by initial point (0,0), and, it be with coordinate system in axis of abscissas beThe straight line at angle. This linear equation is:
In formula: τf---the shearing strength (kN/m of sand2)；
σ---the normal stress (kN/m that sand sample is suffered2)；
---the internal friction angle of sand (°).
The early stage research work that More (Mohr, 1910) continues coulomb, the destruction that proposes the soil body isThe theory of failure by shear, thinks on the plane of fracture, normal stress σ and shearing strength τfBetween depositIn functional relation, that is:
τf=f(σ)
The defined curve of this function is a micro-curved curve, be called More destroy envelope curve orShearing strength envelope curve. If represent that in soil unit, some the point of going up σ and τ drops on destructionBelow envelope curve, show that the shear stress τ on this face is less than native shearing strength τf, the soil body can edgeThis face generation failure by shear. Destroy on envelope curve if point just in time drops on, show cutting of this representativeOn face, shear stress equals shearing strength, and soil unit is in critical collapse state or limiting equilibrium shapeState. If point shows that soil unit destroys more than dropping on and destroying envelope curve. In fact drop on brokenlyThe stress state of some representative more than rascal line can not exist, because shear stress τ increasesTo shearing strength τfTime, can not continue again to increase.
The test apparatus kind and the test method pair that while testing native Shear Strength Index, adoptThe result of the test of the Shear Strength Index of soil has a significant impact. At present, people often adopt directlyThe method of shearing test, triaxial shear test, unconfined compression test and vane shear testStudy native material composition, grain shape, arrangement, contact and mode of connection etc., to explainThe essence of the shearing strength of bright soil. The principle that these methods adopt is above-mentioned coulomb formula and notYou break ring envelope curve.
But the technical method for current: direct shear test has that instrument and equipment is simple, behaviourMake the advantages such as convenient. But its shortcoming is that shear stress in soil sample is along shear surface skewnessEven, be not easy to control drainage condition, in process of the test, shear surface changes etc.; CrossThe advantage of plate shearing test is not need to drill through undisturbed soil sample, less to native structural perturbation, but itBe applicable to the cohesive soil of soft-plastic state.
When all kinds of mineral resources of whole nation development, produce a large amount of abandoned mines, had a strong impact onEcological environment and the landscape construction of China, these abandoned mines also cause and have formed necessarilyGeological disaster, jeopardize people life property safety. The restoration of the ecosystem of Abandoned Land of Mine becomesOne of important content of restoration of the ecosystem. And the stability of the mine soil body in the practice of repairing in mineThere is very important effect. Can the mining area soil body have higher stability, and stronger is anti-Shear stress, is directly connected to the safety of mining area and surrounding area. The mining area soil body has larger resistingCut ability, can reduce the mining area generation soil erosion by first mate's degree, promote the growth of plant on it,Accelerate the progress of plantation in mining area; Meanwhile, stronger shear resistance also can prevent landslide, avalancheEtc. the generation of disaster, whether the stability size that can say the mining area soil body is to weigh mining area to repair to becomeMerit one of important indicator. And the laboratory apparatus of general measure shearing resistance all can only record compared with corpusculumLong-pending soil. For current all experimental techniques, its shear box can only load smaller size smallerThe soil body carries out shearing experiment, and in the process of repairing in mine, what measure is the ore deposit of bulkThe shearing stress of district's barren rock and geotechnical stability, current existing method all can not meet the demands.
Summary of the invention
(1) technical problem that will solve
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to overcome defect of the prior art, and a kind of pin is providedTo measuring the instrument of mining area bulk barren rock and waste shearing stress, thereby solve rock in the reparation of mining areaThe difficult problem that soil stabilization is analyzed.
(2) technical scheme
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides a kind of boxshear apparatus, it comprises:
Shear case, comprise between the two the upper box and the lower box that are communicated with and can relative sliding;
Stress test platform, described lower box is fixed in its one end, and the other end is provided with bracing frame;
Application of force module, is arranged on support frame as described above, to produce along described lower box to describedPulling force in support direction or thrust;
Dynamometer, connects described upper box and application of force module.
Wherein, the contact-making surface between described upper box and lower box is smooth flat.
Wherein, on the surface that described lower box contacts with upper box, be provided with scale and indicate, instituteState scale and indicate the direction setting along described application of force module pulling force or thrust.
Wherein, described application of force module comprises:
Force application rod, it connects one end of application of force conductive bar;
Application of force conductive bar, is arranged on support frame as described above by fixed conversion part, described force application rodBe positioned at a side of described fixed conversion part;
The first strain gauge connector, is connected with the other end of described application of force conductive bar.
Wherein, be provided with the second strain gauge connector on described upper box, described second shouldBetween power sensor connector and described the first strain gauge connector, be connected described dynamometer.
Wherein, described the second strain gauge connector and described the first strain gauge connectorBe positioned in same level.
Wherein, described dynamometer comprises strain gauge, and is connected with described strain gaugeDisplay unit; Described strain gauge connect respectively described the second strain gauge connector andThe first strain gauge connector, described display unit is used for showing that described strain gauge recordsStress intensity.
Wherein, between described application of force conductive bar and described fixed conversion part, be threaded connection.
Wherein, establish the junction of described the first strain gauge connector and described application of force conductive barBe equipped with joint sleeve and be connected packing ring.
Wherein, described lower box bottom surface is provided with multiple permeable holes.
(3) beneficial effect
The boxshear apparatus that technique scheme provides, the shearing casing that upper and lower casing forms is long-pendingCan make as required, can ensure volume abundance, accurately to measure various mining areas barren rock and slagSoil, has filled up current test apparatus and cannot measure the blank of mining area lump ore; Shearing case coordinatesApplication of force module and dynamometer use, and can realize the accurate survey of mining area barren rock and dregs shearing forceAmount.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the assembling schematic diagram of embodiment of the present invention boxshear apparatus;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation after the assembling of embodiment of the present invention boxshear apparatus.
Wherein, 1: upper box; 2: lower box; 3: stress test platform; 4: casing fixed cardGroove; 5: gim peg; 6: application of force conductive bar; 7: force application rod; 8: force application rod termination; 9:Bracing frame; J1: the first strain gauge connector; J2: the second strain gauge connector;L1: connector; L2: the first joint sleeve; L3: first connects packing ring; L4: second connectsConnection pad circle; L5: the second joint sleeve; L6: fixed conversion part.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the specific embodiment of the present invention is done further in detailDescribe. Following examples are used for illustrating the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
Fig. 1 shows the assembling schematic diagram of the present embodiment boxshear apparatus, and Fig. 2 is this boxshear apparatus assemblingAfter structural representation. See figures.1.and.2, this boxshear apparatus comprises: shear case, comprise twoThe upper box 1 and the lower box 2 that between person, are communicated with and can relative sliding; Stress test platform 3, itsDescribed lower box 2 is fixed in one end, and the other end is provided with bracing frame 9; Application of force module, is arranged onOn support frame as described above 9, with drawing on producing along described lower box 2 to support frame as described above 9 directionsPower or thrust; Dynamometer (not shown), connects described upper box 1 and application of force module.In the time carrying out shearing force measurement, measured mining area barren rock and dregs are placed on to be sheared in case, is executingBetween power module and upper box 1, connect dynamometer, apply pulling force or thrust by application of force module,Shown in real time by dynamometer, this pulling force or thrust are on upper box 1, when this pulling forceOr thrust is while acquiring a certain degree, causes that the relatively fixed lower box 2 of upper box 1 slides,The distance of sliding in conjunction with size and the relative lower box 2 of upper box 1 of the measured power of dynamometerFrom, can analyze the shearing force of measured mining area barren rock and dregs.
Particularly, the contact-making surface between upper box 1 and the lower box 2 of the present embodiment shearing case isSmooth flat, when mining area barren rock and dregs are filled in upper box 1 and lower box 2 stacks, at two lightBetween sliding plane, pad a pad, avoid upper box 1 directly to contact with lower box 2, shearingAfter forming stable barren rock and dregs fixed body in case, can carry out shear stress test, nowPad, from extracting out between upper box 1 and lower box 2, is reduced to greatest extent to sample shear and hitsDo not belong to the frictional force of shear stress, avoided because the existence of frictional force affects the anti-of sampleThe size of shear stress, it is more accurate to make to measure. The present embodiment upper box 1 internal diameter is300mm*300mm, steel plate thickness is 3mm, is highly 150mm; Upper box 1 both sidesSliding surface be wider faces, width is 25mm, thickness 20mm, is furnished with casing on sliding surfaceGim peg 5, keyhole footpath 10mm. Upper box 1 face bonding is connected to the second strain gauge and connectsMouth J2, the second strain gauge connector J2 is used for connecting dynamometer, is arranged in upper box 1Between, apart from sliding surface 13mm place, specifically comprise that diameter is the circular stiff end of 25mm, stiff endUpper welding " recessed " font connector, it is wide that connector is of a size of 34mm, and 34mm is thick, connectsMouth diameter is 10mm. Shearing case lower box 2 internal diameter sizes is 300mm*300mm, highly150mm, lower box 2 is fixed on stress test platform 3 by casing fixed card slot 4, nowelOn body 2 bases, be equipped with permeable hole, aperture 5mm, interval 25mm between hole, pitch-row steel plate distance75mm, lower part box sliding surface is of a size of width 25mm, thickness 20mm, on sliding surface, joinsThere is casing gim peg 5, keyhole footpath 10mm, the gim peg 5 on upper box 1 and lower box 2For the locking of shearing case. The present embodiment is sheared case sufficient volume, and concrete size is all rightAdjust accordingly as required, can accurately measure various mining areas barren rock and dregs, filled upTest apparatus cannot be measured the blank of mining area lump ore at present. Shearing case adopts certain thicknessSteel plate, can allow various ores and dregs to carry out shearing experiment on this instrument, and casing is notDeform, do not affect measurement result. Shear in case and have larger volume, can also be used to intoThe further plant growth experiment of row, avoids the experimental error being caused by soil body difference.
In order to improve mining area barren rock and the dregs convenience in shearing force measuring process, described underOn the surface that casing 2 contacts with upper box 1, be provided with scale and indicate, described scale indicates edgeThe direction setting of described application of force module pulling force or thrust. The setting that scale indicates, can be convenient to realityTime check intuitively the distance that the relative lower box 2 of upper box 1 slides, reduce shearing force and measure pointThe triviality of analysing; And, the displacement occurring while can Measurement accuracy upper box 1 being subject to external force,Also can be by the diversity ratio of displacement compared with the shearing stress of various sample and stability size.
The present embodiment stress test platform 3 is set to rectangle platen, length 800mm, width350mm, thickness 38mm, stress test platform 3 one end are provided with corresponding casing fixed card slot 4Fixing hole, for fixing lower box 2, stress test platform 3 other ends arrange support frame as described above9, bracing frame material is that thickness is 8mm steel plate, for upper top 28mm, the 95mm that goes to the bottom,The trapezoidal steel plate of height 158mm, bracing frame thickness 110mm, integrated support frame 9 employing amountsIndividual M8 rivet is fixed on stress test platform 3, rivet centre-to-centre spacing stress edge of table 136mm,Rivet center distance 78mm. Bracing frame 9 tops are embedded with the application of force module of thickness 16mm and fixBridgeware L6, application of force module is fixed on bracing frame 9 by described fixed conversion part L6.
Particularly, described application of force module comprises: force application rod 7, its connection application of force conductive bar 6One end; Application of force conductive bar 6, is arranged on support frame as described above 9 by fixed conversion part L6,Described force application rod 7 is positioned at a side of described fixed conversion part L6; The first strain gauge connectsMouth J1, is connected with the other end of described application of force conductive bar 6. Application of force conductive bar 6 is with described fixingBetween bridgeware L6, be threaded connection, the two ends of force application rod 7 are respectively arranged with application of force rod end8, as holding use, fixing by force application rod 7 around between itself and application of force conductive bar 6Point rotates, and circumferential revolving force is converted to the power of the axial rectilinear direction of application of force conductive bar 6,Based on lever principle, reduce to greatest extent the difficulty of manual operation, test simple.
In the present embodiment, the first strain gauge connector J1 is connected with the second strain gaugeBetween mouth J2, connect described dynamometer, the first strain gauge connector J1 and the second stress passSensor connector J2 is positioned in same level, can ensure the pulling force that application of force module appliesOr thrust is along straight line transmission. The first strain gauge connector J1 and described application of force conductive bar 6Junction be provided with connector L1, the first joint sleeve L2, first and connect packing ring L3, theTwo connect packing ring L4 and the second joint sleeve L5, and each attaching parts are fitted together, canEnsure to shear case according to the direction generation straight-line displacement of the application of force in shear history, avoid occurring sideSliding, reduce the error in measuring process.
In the present embodiment, described dynamometer comprises strain gauge, and with described stress sensingThe display unit that device is connected; Described strain gauge connects respectively described the second strain gauge and connectsInterface J2 and the first strain gauge connector J1, described display unit is used for showing described answeringThe stress intensity that power sensor records. Experiment is furnished with the dynamometer of different ranges, for differentOre and dregs, adopt different dynamometers, reduced on the one hand error, also protects on the other handProtect instrument itself, avoided the in the situation that of unknown shearing stress, because range damages notInstrument. Dynamometer itself has compared with highland transmission speed, and stress induction device exactly, in real timeShow the size that pushes away (drawing) power, reduce error. Meanwhile, dynamometer is also equipped with data wire,Can directly be connected with computer, further calculate. Dynamometer is equipped with charging system,Can operate in the wild, increase the applicability of instrument.
The specific works process of the present embodiment boxshear apparatus is as follows:
First special upper box 1 and lower box 2 are combined, will test with dregs or ore evenPut into and shear casing; Wherein, load dregs or ore materials in shearing case time, upperBetween casing 1 and lower box 2, pad a pad, avoid upper box 1 directly to contact with lower box 2Produce frictional force.
Shown in accompanying drawing 1, each attaching parts are linked in sequence, by force application rod 7Be fixed in application of force conductive bar 6; Finally shearing case fixing rivet is fixed on to stress test platform 3Upper, fixed shear case, can avoid shear stress excessive time, shears case and departs from;
Strain gauge one end of dynamometer and the second strain gauge of shearing upper box part are connectedInterface J2 is connected, and fixes with gim peg, by the other end of dynamometer and the first stress sensingDevice connector J1 is connected, and fixes equally with gim peg;
After to be installed completing, can start experiment, now pad be removed, upper box 1 and underBetween casing 2, have certain interval, frictional force is entirely zero. Hand rotation force application rod 7, pushes away(drawing) power conducts to strain gauge along application of force conductive bar 6, and dynamometer shows data immediately,(drawing) power that pushes away reaches shearing case again, reaches after certain value when pushing away (drawing) power, shears case top boxBody 1 starts to occur the displacement along pulling force (thrust) direction, by shearing on case lower box 2Rule, can draw the displacement that upper box 1 occurs;
Continue increase and push away (drawing) power, the registration on dynamometer constantly increases, when shear stress reachesDuring to maximum, continue to strengthen (drawing) power that pushes away, it is maximum that the numerical value showing on dynamometer reaches,No longer change, this numerical value is the maximum shearing stress of sample.
As can be seen from the above embodiments, the shearing casing that the upper and lower casing of the present invention forms is long-pendingCan make as required, can ensure volume abundance, accurately to measure various mining areas barren rock and slagSoil, has filled up current test apparatus and cannot measure the blank of mining area lump ore; Shearing case coordinatesApplication of force module and dynamometer use, and can realize the accurate survey of mining area barren rock and dregs shearing forceAmount.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it should be pointed out that for this technology and leadsThe those of ordinary skill in territory, not departing under the prerequisite of the technology of the present invention principle, all rightMake some improvement and replacement, these improvement and replacement also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. be applicable to the boxshear apparatus that Abandoned Land of Mine is repaired, it is characterized in that, comprising:Shear case, comprise between the two the upper box and the lower box that are communicated with and can relative sliding, described in cutCut case and formed by steel plate manufacture, and the size capable of regulating of described shearing case;
Described upper box is relative with lower box when static, between described upper box and lower box, is provided withPad, when described upper box and described lower box relative sliding, removes pad, described upper boxAnd between described lower box, be provided with gap, the frictional force between described upper box and described lower boxBe zero, described shearing case can be used for disturbed soil Stability Determination or for artificial growth plant rootsIt is shearing resistance test;
Stress test platform, described lower box is fixed in its one end, and the other end is provided with bracing frame;
Application of force module, is arranged on support frame as described above, to produce along described lower box to describedPulling force in support direction or thrust, described pulling force or thrust are on described upper box;
Dynamometer, connects described upper box and application of force module;
Contact-making surface between described upper box and lower box is smooth flat, described lower box and upperOn the surface that casing contacts, be provided with scale and indicate, described scale indicates along described application of force moduleThe direction setting of pulling force or thrust.
2. the boxshear apparatus that is applicable to Abandoned Land of Mine reparation as claimed in claim 1, its spyLevy and be, described application of force module comprises:
Force application rod, it connects one end of application of force conductive bar;
Application of force conductive bar, is arranged on support frame as described above by fixed conversion part, described force application rodBe positioned at a side of described fixed conversion part;
The first strain gauge connector, is connected with the other end of described application of force conductive bar.
3. the boxshear apparatus that is applicable to Abandoned Land of Mine reparation as claimed in claim 2, its spyLevy and be, on described upper box, be provided with the second strain gauge connector, described the second stressBetween sensor connector and described the first strain gauge connector, be connected described dynamometer.
4. the boxshear apparatus that is applicable to Abandoned Land of Mine reparation as claimed in claim 3, its spyLevy and be, described the second strain gauge connector and described the first strain gauge connector positionIn same level.
5. the boxshear apparatus that is applicable to Abandoned Land of Mine reparation as claimed in claim 3, its spyLevy and be, described dynamometer comprises strain gauge, and be connected with described strain gaugeDisplay unit; Described strain gauge connects respectively described the second strain gauge connector andOne strain gauge connector, described display unit is for showing what described strain gauge recordedStress intensity.
6. the boxshear apparatus that is applicable to Abandoned Land of Mine reparation as claimed in claim 2, its spyLevy and be, between described application of force conductive bar and described fixed conversion part, be threaded connection.
7. the boxshear apparatus that is applicable to Abandoned Land of Mine reparation as claimed in claim 2, its spyLevy and be, the junction of described the first strain gauge connector and described application of force conductive bar arrangesThere is joint sleeve and be connected packing ring.
8. the boxshear apparatus that is applicable to Abandoned Land of Mine reparation as claimed in claim 1, its spyLevy and be, described lower box bottom surface is provided with multiple permeable holes.
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| CN201210214496.3A CN103512811B (en) | 2012-06-25 | 2012-06-25 | A kind of boxshear apparatus |
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| CN201210214496.3A CN103512811B (en) | 2012-06-25 | 2012-06-25 | A kind of boxshear apparatus |
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| CN103512811B true CN103512811B (en) | 2016-05-18 |
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| CN105067430A (en) * | 2015-07-14 | 2015-11-18 | 安徽海澄德畅电子科技有限公司 | Automatic testing device for pressure resistance of material |
| CN106226172A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2016-12-14 | 云南省交通规划设计研究院 | A kind of radical operators Situ Computation device and application process |
| CN106908318B (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2022-06-10 | 哈尔滨工业大学（威海） | Basic mechanical property testing device for core drilling method sample |
| CN113324854B (en) * | 2021-05-31 | 2022-07-22 | 西华大学 | Soil sample strength testing device and experimental method thereof |
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| JP3666799B2 (en) * | 2000-11-24 | 2005-06-29 | 九州電力株式会社 | Rock discontinuity testing equipment |
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| CN101169356A (en) * | 2007-11-15 | 2008-04-30 | 西安理工大学 | Triaxial independent loading pressure chamber structure true triaxial apparatus |
| CN101373174A (en) * | 2008-07-16 | 2009-02-25 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Direct shear apparatus capable of directly measuring interface friction force |
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