CN103501543A - Time division multiple access-based resource scheduling scheme for Internet of vehicles - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention discloses a time division multiple access technology-based resource scheduling method for the Internet of vehicles. The method mainly comprises the following steps of implementing the resource scheduling of vehicle-to-infrastructure and vehicle-to-vehicle communication links under the control and strategies of a roadside center unit; calculating a scheduling weight factor of each communication link according to information such as channel states, positions and movement speed cyclically fed back by vehicles, and preferentially scheduling timeslot resources to communication links (groups) with higher scheduling weight factors for data transmission by using the roadside center unit, wherein a plurality of vehicle-to-vehicle communication links can be combined into a communication link group if a distance between every two center vehicles serving as data transmitting terminals is longer than a preset interference interval, and a scheduling weight factor of each communication link group is the summation of the scheduling weight factors of all the communication links in the group; the same timeslot resource can be shared by each communication link in the same communication link group for data transmission; the sharing of the timeslot resources between different vehicle-to-infrastructure communication links and between the vehicle-to-infrastructure communication links and the vehicle-to-vehicle communication links for data transmission is not allowed. According to the resource scheduling method, the network throughput and the spectral efficiency of the Internet of vehicles can be effectively improved, and high network throughput performance can still be maintained particularly under the condition of high network load.
Description
Technical field
The present invention proposes a kind of wireless vehicle communications field that is applicable to, the resource scheduling scheme that car based on time division multiple access satisfies the need and communicates by letter and with car, car is communicated by letter, in scheme, car satisfy the need communication link and car to the time interval resource scheduling of car communication link by the roadside center cell weight factor United Dispatching according to each communication link, a plurality of cars that simultaneously allow the central vehicle spacing to be greater than certain interference interval share same section time interval resource to the car communication link and promote network spectrum efficiency.
Background technology
In recent years, along with proposition and the development of intelligent transportation system, car networking is subject to paying close attention to more and more widely and studying, and mainly in the car networking has two kinds of communication modes, car to car (V2V) communication with car, satisfy the need (V2I) communicate by letter.Car networking is the Back ground Information carrying platform of intelligent transportation system, can be it and gathers real-time transport information, and broadcast safe and navigation information in time, improving traffic safety, reduce traffic accident, improve the aspects such as traffic and driving environment and have profound significance.V2V communication can make the relevant information of monitoring vehicles in real time to other vehicles near road it, for traffic safety and intelligent driving etc. provides a kind of high-tech solution.V2I communication can, so that vehicle is learned the relevant information of its peripheral all kinds of facilities at any time, provide all kinds of information on services and data network access.
For MAC Layer, key technology is mainly that the resource to MAC manages, and comprises call acceptance and handoff technique, dispatching technique, service quality (QoS) framework, link prediction and adaptive technique etc.At present, the MAC access way of car networking mainly can be divided into two kinds: one is based on the random competition mechanism that (CSMA/CA) avoided in Carrier Sense Multiple Access/conflict, be that node first carried out carrier sense before sending data, if channel is the idle data that just send, if channel is busy, carrying out long the keeping out of the way of certain window is intercepted afterwards again, could send data until listen to channel idle, " the Performance analysis of of the IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination function " that specifically show referring to G.Bianchi, IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, vol.18, no.3, Mar.2000, two are based on the access mechanisms such as time division multiple access (TDMA) of channel characteristics, carry out transfer of data according to each vehicle node of node state scheduling of current channel on different running time-frequency resources, " the VeMAC:A TDMA-based MAC protocol for reliable broadcast in VANETs " that specifically can show referring to H.A.Omar etc., IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 2012 and F.Borgonovo etc. " the ADHOC MAC:New MAC architecture for ad hoc networks providing efficient and reliable point-to-point and broadcast services " that show, Wireless Networks, vol.10, pp.359-366, Jul.2004.But in the MAC scheme of existing car networking, no matter the random competition scheme that is based on CSMA/CA also is based on the access scheme of TDMA, mostly be distributed treatment, and while considering channel status in the access scheme based on TDMA, usually just define the information such as the use state of channel or link demand, seldom introduce concrete channel quality information (the Channel State Information of each communication link, CSI) carry out effective scheduling of resource, between simultaneously different communication links, do not allow shared resource to communicate, thereby be limited in the realization of network spectrum efficiency.And, along with the increasing of vehicle number in car networking and vehicle communication demand, existing car networking MAC scheme will be more and more obvious in the defect that can't effectively promote aspect networking throughput and spectrum efficiency, and then have influence on the performance of whole network and the QoS of vehicle.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to for a kind of brand-new resource scheduling scheme based on time division multiple access of car networking design, effectively throughput and the spectrum efficiency of lifting car networking, especially, when offered load is larger, still can keep network performance preferably.
For achieving the above object, the present invention proposes the resource regulating method based on the time division multiple access access technology in a kind of car networking, it is characterized in that:
1) in network, the scheduling of resource of communication link realizes under the control of roadside center cell and decision-making, on the time interval resource that different communication links distributes at the roadside center cell, communicates;
2) the roadside center cell calculates the dispatch weight factor of each communication link according to the information such as channel status, position and translational speed of vehicle periodic feedback, and preferentially time interval resource is dispatched to the communication link higher to the dispatch weight factor (group) carries out transfer of data;
3) communication link in described network comprises that car satisfies the need communication link and car to the car communication link;
4) a plurality of cars are to the car communication link, if as the central vehicle of data transmission end in twos spacing be greater than predefined interference interval, these cars can be merged into to a communication link group to the car communication link;
5) each communication link in same communication link group can be shared same time interval resource and carries out transfer of data;
6) the dispatch weight factor of communication link group is the dispatch weight factor sum of all communication links in its group;
7) different cars satisfies the need between communication link and satisfy the need communication link and car of car do not carry out transfer of data to not allowing to share time interval resource between the car communication link.
After reading by reference to the accompanying drawings the detailed discussion of the specific embodiment of the invention, other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the time interval resource scheduling schematic diagram based on time division multiple access in the car networking;
Fig. 2 be in the designed scheme of the present invention different cars to car communication link multiplexing time slot resource schematic diagram;
Fig. 3 is the designed resource scheduling scheme schematic flow sheet based on time division multiple access of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the network throughput simulation comparison of the EDCA mechanism of the designed resource scheduling scheme of the present invention and IEEE802.11p;
Fig. 5 is the network throughput CDF curve comparison of EDCA mechanism under high and low network load condition of the designed resource scheduling scheme of the present invention and IEEE802.11p.
Embodiment
Below will be elaborated to the specific embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in Figure 1, the present invention is directed to the car networking and proposed a kind of brand-new resource scheduling scheme based on time division multiple access, wherein, the time interval resource that V2I communication link and V2V communication link carry out transfer of data is the weight factor United Dispatching according to each communication link by roadside center cell (RSU), a plurality of V2V communication links that simultaneously allow the central vehicle spacing to be greater than in twos certain interference interval are shared same time interval resource and are carried out transfer of data (as shown in Figure 2, in figure, we will disturb interval to be made as 2 times of vehicle communication radius, i.e. 2r
v), at this moment, a plurality of V2V communication links that can share time interval resource just form a communication link group, RSU is sorted to the weight factor of each communication link (group), and by the time interval resource priority scheduling communication link (group) higher to weight factor, wherein, the weight factor sum that the weight factor of communication link group is its inner all communication links.
In the present invention in designed scheme, the position that has the communication link of communication requirement to need periodically vehicle in channel condition information to RSU feedback communication link, communication link and velocity information and class of business (the Access Category communicated by letter, AC), particularly, in the V2I communication link, by the mobile terminal vehicle, to RSU, feed back the channel condition information of current V2I link, the translational speed of vehicle and the class of business that need to transmit; In the V2V communication link, feed back the channel condition information of current V2V link, the relative velocity that two cars moves, the positional information of central vehicle and the class of business that need to transmit by central vehicle (C-Vehicle, the i.e. current vehicle as transmitting terminal) to RSU.RSU collects the feedback information of each communication link in its communication range at the frame head of each transmission frame by control channel, and calculates the weight factor of each communication link (group) based on these feedback informations, thereby carries out effective time interval resource scheduling.
In the present invention, we have designed a kind of brand-new dispatch weight factor, by channel quality factor, velocity factor and the class of business factor three parts, formed, wherein, thus channel quality factor can reflect that the current channel quality of different communication link carrys out the optimized network throughput by scheduling and guarantee the fairness of communication link transmission within longer dispatching cycle; Velocity factor is for realizing each communication vehicle fairness of potential service time; The class of business factor is used for distinguishing the priority of different business kind in scheduling process.Below we will specifically introduce the design of this three parts weight factor.
A. channel quality factor (Channel-Quality-Based Factor, CQF)
In order to optimize the throughput of whole network, we introduce channel quality the considering as scheduling of resource of different communication link, and by the time interval resource priority scheduling link higher to channel quality, but still need to protect the QoS of customer (QoS) of levying the communication link of long-term experience poor channel quality within a period of time simultaneously, thereby the method for our passing ratios fair (PF) designs CQF in the present invention, the channel quality factor of communication link k is
Wherein,
mean the current transmission gain g of RSU according to communication link k feedback
k(t) the potential transmission rate of communication link k calculated,
mean the average transmission rate that communication link k upgrades in the previous moment iteration, have
Wherein, t
cfor the average window that sets in advance long.It should be noted that if communication link k did not obtain any time slot, R from RSU before this
k(t)=0.No matter communication link k is V2I link or V2V link, the computational methods of channel quality factor be in (1) formula institute to.
B. velocity factor (Speed Factor, SF)
Because discretization is compared in the distribution at car networking medium velocity, thereby the vehicle time of staying in the efficient communication scope of same data transmission source (RSU or C-Vehicle) with friction speed is also different in size, this will cause different user quality to experience, thereby also having the fairness of a potential service time of being caused by the Vehicle Speed difference here in the car connected network communication, the introducing of velocity factor is just in order to solve the problem of this fairness.In the present invention, the velocity factor of communication link k is designed to
Wherein, and the communication diameter that D is communication link k (when communication link k is the V2I link, D=2r
rSU, when communication link k is the V2V link, D=2r
v, r wherein
rSUand r
vbe respectively the positive radius of communication of RSU and C-Vehicle), T
ffor transmission frame duration, v
kfor the absolute value of transmitting node in communication link k and receiving node relative velocity, []
intmean to round downwards.
C. the class of business factor (AC Factor, ACF)
With reference to four kinds of access service kinds, i.e. AC defining in IEEE 802.11p
j, j=1,2,3,4, we guarantee the priority of different access service kinds by the design of the class of business factor equally in the present invention.Access service AC
jthe class of business factor be designed to
Wherein, CW
minand CW
maxbe respectively that minimum competition window that these four kinds of access service kinds define in the EDCA of IEEE 802.11p mechanism is long and maximum contention window is long, the design parameter setting sees the following form 1.
Maximum in the EDCA mechanism of table 1IEEE802.11p, minimum competition window long parameter arranges
| AC | AC 1 | AC 2 | AC 3 | AC 4 |
| CW min | 3 | 3 | 7 | 15 |
| CW max | 7 | 15 | 1023 | 1023 |
In conjunction with the design of above-mentioned three kinds of weight factors, in the present invention, the access service AC in communication link k
jthe dispatch weight factor at moment t can be designed to
Q
k，j(t)＝(CQF
k(t))
α(SF
k)
β(ACF
j)
γ
Wherein, α, β and λ are balance factor, for regulating channel quality factor, velocity factor and the class of business factor proportion in the dispatch weight factor, can specifically set according to the demand of real system.
As shown in Figure 3, schematic flow sheet for the designed resource scheduling scheme based on time division multiple access of the present invention, this scheduling scheme is the scheme that a kind of center is controlled, and RSU receives the velocity information of vehicle in the positional information of kind of information, vehicle (or central vehicle) of the communication link channel condition information that vehicle in the V2I communication link and the central vehicle in the V2V communication link feed back, access service to be transmitted and communication link when each transmission frame starts.RSU calculates the current dispatch weight factor of each communication link according to the feedback information received, and it is sorted from high to low.In scheduling process, the priority scheduling time interval resource makes it carry out corresponding transfer of data to the highest communication link of the dispatch weight factor all the time.It should be noted that, when a plurality of central vehicle when spacing is greater than the V2V communication link at certain interference interval in twos, it can be merged into to a communication link group, a plurality of V2V communication links in same communication link group can be shared same time interval resource and carry out transfer of data, and its dispatch weight factor of communication link group formed for the V2V communication link at a plurality of satisfied interference interval is each V2V communication link scheduling factor sum.When all band communication link stacks are 0 for empty or spendable sign resources, the scheduling of current transmission frame completes, then RSU is broadcast to the vehicle in each communication link by scheduling result, and the communication link of each assigned slot resource carries out transfer of data on the time slot of each distribution.
Although more than described the specific embodiment of the present invention, those of skill in the art in the art should be appreciated that these only illustrate, and can make various changes or modifications to these execution modes, and not deviate from principle of the present invention and essence.Scope of the present invention is only limited by appended claims.
Below contrast is given in the car networking, the network throughput performance comparison of the EDCA mechanism in the designed scheduling scheme of the present invention and IEEE802.11p.Following table 2 is simulation parameter.
Table 2 simulation parameter
| Transmission bandwidth | 10MHz |
| The RSU transmitting power | 20dBm |
| The vehicle transmitting power | 5dBm |
| The RSU positive radius of communication | 500m |
| The vehicle positive radius of communication | 30m |
| Multipath fading | The normalized Rayleigh factor of zero-mean |
| The time slot symbol lengths | 10us |
| Transmission frame length | 20ms |
| V2I |
20％ |
| Car speed distributes | 30km／h-100km／h |
Fig. 4 has provided in the car networking, the network throughput simulation comparison of the EDCA mechanism of the designed resource scheduling scheme of the present invention and IEEE802.11p, as we can see from the figure than the EDCA mechanism based on IEEE802.11p in application in front truck networking mainstream applications system (WAVE system), the designed resource scheduling scheme of the present invention has obvious performance advantage on network throughput, and along with the increase of communication requirement number in network, this advantage is obvious all the more, can effectively solve in current WAVE system the fast-descending that increases the In-vehicle networking performance that the aggravation due to random collision causes along with the network vehicle number.
Fig. 5 has further provided in the car networking, the network throughput CDF curve comparison of the EDCA mechanism of the designed resource scheduling scheme of the present invention and IEEE802.11p under high and low network load condition, to network, high capacity has very strong robustness to the designed resource scheduling scheme of the present invention as we can see from the figure, can well in the networking of high capacity car, keep higher network throughput performance.This has also illustrated the huge applications potentiality of the designed resource scheduling scheme based on time division multiple access of the present invention in the future car networking.
Claims (9)
1. the resource regulating method based on the time division multiple access access technology in car networking is characterized in that:
1) in network, the scheduling of resource of communication link realizes under the control of roadside center cell and decision-making, on the time interval resource that different communication links distributes at the roadside center cell, communicates;
2) the roadside center cell calculates the dispatch weight factor of each communication link according to channel status, position and the translational speed information of vehicle periodic feedback, and preferentially time interval resource is dispatched to the communication link higher to the dispatch weight factor or the communication link group is carried out transfer of data;
Wherein, the communication link in described network comprises that car satisfies the need communication link and car to the car communication link; A plurality of cars are to the car communication link, if as the central vehicle of data transmission end in twos spacing be greater than predefined interference interval, these cars can be merged into to a communication link group to the car communication link; Each communication link in same communication link group can be shared same time interval resource and carry out transfer of data; The dispatch weight factor of communication link group is the dispatch weight factor sum of all communication links in its group; Different cars satisfies the need between communication link and car satisfies the need, and communication link and car do not carry out transfer of data to not allowing to share time interval resource between the car communication link.
2. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in real system, interference can be set to the twice of vehicle positive radius of communication.
3. method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that the resource regulating method based on the time division multiple access access technology is that center is controlled, not distributed, the scheduling of resource decision-making is made by the roadside center cell, and pass to each vehicle by control channel, different communication links carries out communication separately according to the scheduling of resource decision-making of roadside center cell.
4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that the mode of different communication link access channel is time division multiple access.
5. method according to claim 1, the scheduling of resource decision-making that it is characterized in that the roadside center cell is to make according to the height of each communication link or communication link group scheduling weight factor, the power weighted product that in network, the dispatch weight factor of communication link is channel quality factor, velocity factor and the access service kind factor.
6. method according to claim 4, it is characterized in that channel quality factor is mainly calculated by the acquisition transmission rate of current channel condition information and cumulative mean, under the prerequisite of long-term fairness that guarantees QoS of customer, the communication link higher to channel quality by the time interval resource priority scheduling as far as possible, thus higher network throughput obtained.
7. method according to claim 4, it is characterized in that velocity factor mainly in communication link the relative velocity of transmitting terminal and receiving terminal determine, thereby guarantee to have the fairness of the potential service time of vehicle in the efficient communication scope of roadside center cell or central vehicle of friction speed.
8. method according to claim 4, is characterized in that the access service kind factor is mainly used in distinguishing the priority of different access service.
9. method according to claim 4, is characterized in that changing channel quality factor according to the demand of real system, speed is adjusted these three kinds of factors because of the power weighted value in the access service kind factor in the dispatch weight factor, affects proportion.
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