CN106817675A - A kind of channel access method and device for being applied to Vehicle Intercommunications System - Google Patents
A kind of channel access method and device for being applied to Vehicle Intercommunications System Download PDFInfo
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- CN106817675A CN106817675A CN201510868228.7A CN201510868228A CN106817675A CN 106817675 A CN106817675 A CN 106817675A CN 201510868228 A CN201510868228 A CN 201510868228A CN 106817675 A CN106817675 A CN 106817675A
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/02—Services making use of location information
- H04W4/025—Services making use of location information using location based information parameters
- H04W4/027—Services making use of location information using location based information parameters using movement velocity, acceleration information
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W74/00—Wireless channel access, e.g. scheduled or random access
- H04W74/04—Scheduled or contention-free access
Abstract
The embodiment of the invention discloses a kind of channel access method for being applied to Vehicle Intercommunications System, the Vehicle Intercommunications System is used to realize the radio communication between at least two vehicles that methods described to include：Target vehicle obtains the driving speed information of itself and surrounding vehicles；Based on acquired driving speed information, the competition window of the data transmission channel that target vehicle is used in Vehicle Intercommunications System is set；Channel access is carried out based on set competition window；The embodiment of the invention also discloses a kind of channel access device for being applied to Vehicle Intercommunications System.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to car networking technology, more particularly to a kind of channel access for being applied to Vehicle Intercommunications System
Method and apparatus.
Background technology
In vehicle self-organizing network (Vehicular ad-hoc network, VANET), vehicle is using special
Junction service (Dedicated Short Range Communications, DSRC) technology, and by broadcast
Itself current status information is sent to surrounding vehicles by mode, wherein, position of the status information including vehicle,
The information such as speed, acceleration, driving path, travel direction, vehicle receives the shape of remaining vehicle transmission simultaneously
State information, so as to enable a driver to be familiar with the transport condition of surrounding vehicles and the emergency of burst, prevents
The only generation of traffic safety accident；Thereby, it is ensured that car status information is reliably and effectively transmitted with important
Meaning.
In the prior art, the medium education (Media Access Control, MAC) of DSRC communication modes
Layer uses enhancing distributed channel access (Enhanced Distributed Channel Access, abbreviation EDCA)
Mechanism carries out channel access, is collided with the transmission for reducing data as far as possible, and EDCA mechanism sets to different business
Different priority are put, to improve the probability that high-priority service accesses channel, when implementing, EDCA
Mechanism for high priority the shorter Arbitration Inter Frame Space of traffic assignments (Arbitration Interframe Space,
AIFS) and less competition window, increasing the probability that high-priority service accesses channel.
Although EDCA mechanism is to the different priority of different traffic sets ensureing the Service Quality of different business
Amount, but it does not consider the mobility of vehicle, so that the quality of channel access can not be obtained very well
Guarantee；For example, vehicle in high-speed mobile, it is necessary to improve send oneself state information probability, to carry
Show surrounding vehicles, it is clear that EDCA mechanism does not account for the mobility of vehicle, thus can not meet corresponding
Demand.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the above technical problems, the embodiment of the present invention expects that providing one kind is applied to Vehicle Intercommunications System
Channel access method and device, it is possible to increase travel speed is worth the probability that larger vehicle sends status information.
The technical proposal of the invention is realized in this way：
The embodiment of the invention provides a kind of channel access method for being applied to Vehicle Intercommunications System, the car
Communication system is used to realize the radio communication between at least two vehicles that methods described to include between：
Target vehicle obtains the driving speed information of itself and surrounding vehicles；
Based on acquired driving speed information, the number that target vehicle is used in Vehicle Intercommunications System is set
According to the competition window of transmission channel；
Channel access is carried out based on set competition window.
It is described based on acquired driving speed information in such scheme, target vehicle is set and is led between vehicle
The competition window of the data transmission channel used in letter system, including：Based on acquired driving speed information,
Draw the factor of influence of target vehicle state information；Factor of influence according to target vehicle state information and
Enhancing distributed channel access EDCA mechanism is the minimum competition window that target vehicle is set, and sets target carriage
The competition window of the data transmission channel used in Vehicle Intercommunications System.
In such scheme, the driving speed information includes：The scalar value of travel speed of correspondence vehicle and right
Answer the travel direction of vehicle；
It is described that the factor of influence of target vehicle state information is drawn based on acquired driving speed information, bag
Include：Based on acquired driving speed information, and the shadow of target vehicle state information is drawn according to below equation
Ring factor-alpha：
Wherein, v0Represent the traveling speed of acquired all and target vehicle travel direction identical surrounding vehicles
The average value of the scalar value of degree, N represents the acquired corresponding surrounding vehicles of surrounding vehicles driving speed information
Number, when k takes 1 to N, vkRepresent the scalar of the travel speed of k-th acquired surrounding vehicles
Value；vN+1Represent the scalar value of the travel speed of target vehicle；
The competition window that the data transmission channel that target vehicle is used in Vehicle Intercommunications System is set,
Including：The data transmission channel that target vehicle is used in Vehicle Intercommunications System is set according to below equation
Competition window CW 'min：
Wherein, CWminRepresent that EDCA mechanism is the minimum competition window that target vehicle is set, α0Represent shadow
Ring the predetermined threshold value of the factor.
In such scheme, the target vehicle is used to use time division multiple acess when the first condition of setting is met
Tdma communication mechanism is communicated with surrounding vehicles, when the first condition of setting is unsatisfactory for, using special
Junction service DSRC communication modes are communicated with surrounding vehicles；The first condition of the setting is：Target
Vehicle is within the coverage using the base station of the communication system of tdma communication mechanism；
The target vehicle is additionally operable to, when being communicated with surrounding vehicles using tdma communication mechanism, obtain
Surrounding vehicles send the time point of information next time.
It is described that channel access is carried out based on set competition window in such scheme, specially：Based on institute
The competition window of setting accesses channel using Carrier Sense Multiple Access/conflict avoidance CSMA/CA mechanism；
Or, when target vehicle accesses channel and meets the second condition of setting, connect for the target vehicle
Entering channel carries out channel access；The target vehicle access channel is target vehicle in Vehicle Intercommunications System
The data transmission channel for using；The second condition for setting as：Target vehicle accesses channel and is currently at sky
Not busy state, and, free time section with use tdma communication mechanism each surrounding vehicles hair next time
The time point of status information is sent not form overlap；Free time section is：From entering competition window to competing
Strive the time period that window is changed into 0.
In such scheme, when channel access is carried out based on set competition window, methods described also includes：
Target vehicle sends the status information of itself, and the status information that the target vehicle sends includes target vehicle
The driving speed information of ID, target vehicle；When target vehicle is entered using tdma communication mechanism and surrounding vehicles
During row communication, the status information that the target vehicle the sends also state of transmission next time including target vehicle is believed
The time point of breath.
The embodiment of the present invention additionally provides a kind of channel access device for being applied to Vehicle Intercommunications System, described
Vehicle Intercommunications System is used to realize the radio communication between at least two vehicles that described device to be arranged at target
On vehicle, described device includes：Acquisition module, setup module and channel access module；Wherein,
The acquisition module, the driving speed information for obtaining target vehicle and surrounding vehicles；
The setup module, for based on acquired driving speed information, setting target vehicle to be between vehicle
The competition window of the data transmission channel used in communication system；
The channel access module, for carrying out channel access based on set competition window.
In such scheme, the setup module, specifically for based on acquired driving speed information, drawing
The factor of influence of target vehicle state information；Factor of influence and enhancing according to target vehicle state information
Distributed channel access EDCA mechanism is the minimum competition window that target vehicle is set, and sets target vehicle and exists
The competition window of the data transmission channel used in Vehicle Intercommunications System.
In such scheme, the driving speed information includes：The scalar value of travel speed of correspondence vehicle and right
Answer the travel direction of vehicle；
The setup module includes the first computing unit and the second computing unit；Wherein,
First computing unit, for based on acquired driving speed information, and obtains according to below equation
Go out the factor of influence α of target vehicle state information：
Wherein, v0Represent the traveling speed of acquired all and target vehicle travel direction identical surrounding vehicles
The average value of the scalar value of degree, N represents the acquired corresponding surrounding vehicles of surrounding vehicles driving speed information
Number, when k takes 1 to N, vkRepresent the scalar of the travel speed of k-th acquired surrounding vehicles
Value；vN+1Represent the scalar value of the travel speed of target vehicle；
Second computing unit, for according to below equation set target vehicle in Vehicle Intercommunications System
The competition window CW ' of the data transmission channel for usingmin：
Wherein, CWminRepresent that EDCA mechanism is the minimum competition window that target vehicle is set, α0Represent shadow
Ring the predetermined threshold value of the factor.
In such scheme, the target vehicle is used to use time division multiple acess when the first condition of setting is met
Tdma communication mechanism is communicated with surrounding vehicles, when the first condition of setting is unsatisfactory for, using special
Junction service DSRC communication modes are communicated with surrounding vehicles；The first condition of the setting is：Target
Vehicle is within the coverage using the base station of the communication system of tdma communication mechanism；
The target vehicle is additionally operable to, when being communicated with surrounding vehicles using tdma communication mechanism, obtain
Surrounding vehicles send the time point of information next time.
In such scheme, the channel access module is carried specifically for being used based on set competition window
Ripple is intercepted multiple access/conflict avoidance CSMA/CA mechanism and accesses channel；
Or, when target vehicle accesses channel and meets the second condition of setting, connect for the target vehicle
Entering channel carries out channel access；The target vehicle access channel is target vehicle in Vehicle Intercommunications System
The data transmission channel for using；The second condition for setting as：Target vehicle accesses channel and is currently at sky
Not busy state, and, free time section with use tdma communication mechanism each surrounding vehicles hair next time
The time point of status information is sent not form overlap；Free time section is：From entering competition window to competing
Strive the time period that window is changed into 0.
In such scheme, the channel access module, specifically for being carried out based on set competition window
During channel access, the status information of target vehicle, the status information bag that the channel access module sends are sent
Include ID, the driving speed information of target vehicle of target vehicle；When target vehicle uses tdma communication machine
When system is communicated with surrounding vehicles, the status information that the channel access module sends also includes target vehicle
Next time send status information time point.
It is provided in an embodiment of the present invention to be applied in the channel access method and device of Vehicle Intercommunications System, mesh
Mark vehicle obtains the driving speed information of itself and surrounding vehicles；Based on acquired driving speed information, if
Put the competition window of the data transmission channel that target vehicle is used in Vehicle Intercommunications System；Based on set
Competition window carry out channel access；In this way, when the scalar value of the travel speed of target vehicle becomes big, mesh
The competition window that mark vehicle accesses channel is likely to diminish, and then can lift target vehicle current time hair
Give the probability of the status information of itself.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow of the first embodiment of the channel access method that the present invention is applied to Vehicle Intercommunications System
Figure；
Fig. 2 is the flow of the second embodiment of the channel access method that the present invention is applied to Vehicle Intercommunications System
Figure；
Fig. 3 is that the present invention was applied to week in the second embodiment of the channel access method of Vehicle Intercommunications System
The status information for enclosing vehicle adds the flow chart of the neighbor list based on TDMA；
Fig. 4 is that the present invention was applied to week in the second embodiment of the channel access method of Vehicle Intercommunications System
The status information for enclosing vehicle adds the flow chart of the neighbor list based on CSMA/CA；
Fig. 5 is applied to the composition knot of the channel access device of Vehicle Intercommunications System for third embodiment of the invention
Structure schematic diagram；
Fig. 6 centers mould for the channel access dress that third embodiment of the invention is applied to Vehicle Intercommunications System
The composition structural representation of block.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawing in the embodiment of the present invention, the technical scheme in the embodiment of the present invention is carried out clearly
Chu, it is fully described by.
First embodiment
First embodiment of the invention provides a kind of channel access method for being applied to Vehicle Intercommunications System, this
In, Vehicle Intercommunications System is used to realize the radio communication between at least two vehicles, can be also used for realizing
The radio communication of vehicle and drive test unit (Road Side Unit, RSU).
Fig. 1 is the flow of the first embodiment of the channel access method that the present invention is applied to Vehicle Intercommunications System
Figure, as shown in figure 1, the flow includes：
Step 100：Target vehicle obtains the driving speed information of itself and surrounding vehicles.
Here, target vehicle be can be any one with what remaining vehicle was communicated using Vehicle Intercommunications System
Individual vehicle.
Here, the driving speed information of vehicle includes：The scalar value of Vehicle Speed；Vehicle Speed
Scalar value including vehicle transmits information, exemplarily, the scalar value of the travel speed of vehicle is
82km/h。
In this step, target vehicle obtain the scalar value of the travel speed of itself process have it is various existing
Implementation, for example, can obtain the numerical value of car speed by vehicle speed sensor, and I will not elaborate.
Here, the velocity information of vehicle traveling can also include the travel direction of vehicle；Obviously, the row of vehicle
Sail the direction that direction is Vehicle Speed.
In this step, the process that vehicle obtains the travel direction of itself has various existing implementations, example
Such as, the direction of displacement of vehicle can be determined by the satellite location data of vehicle, so that it is determined that the row of itself
Sail direction.
In this step, surrounding vehicles are the car that can be communicated with target vehicle using Vehicle Intercommunications System
；The driving speed information that target vehicle obtains surrounding vehicles includes：Surrounding vehicles are obtained and send itself
Driving speed information, target vehicle receives the traveling speed of surrounding vehicles by communication from surrounding vehicles
Degree information.
Further, target vehicle can also obtain the ID of surrounding vehicles, obtain the side of the ID of surrounding vehicles
Formula is identical with the mode of the driving speed information for obtaining surrounding vehicles, and description is not repeated herein.
For the communication mode between vehicle, specifically, target vehicle can be at first of satisfaction setting
Time division multiple acess (time division multiple access, TDMA) communication mechanism and surrounding vehicles are used during part
Communicated, when the first condition of setting is unsatisfactory for, carried out with surrounding vehicles using DSRC communication modes
Communication；
Here, the first condition of setting can be：Target vehicle is in using the communication of tdma communication mechanism
Within the coverage of the base station of system；Can be base using the base station of the communication system of tdma communication mechanism
Stand sending station (Base Transceiver Station, BTS), NodeB base stations or evolved base station (evolved
Node B, eNB).
For the implementation that target vehicle is communicated using tdma communication mechanism with surrounding vehicles, specifically
Say that target vehicle is led to using cellular network communication unit with other vehicles or drive test unit R SU in ground
Letter, communication mechanism is tdma communication mechanism；By using the base station of the communication system of tdma communication mechanism
The region for being covered referred to as coordination region, into coordination region vehicle using cellular network communication unit and its
His vehicle or RSU are communicated；When target vehicle detection comes into what corresponding base station was covered to itself
During region, target vehicle is uploaded to corresponding base station by the communication system using tdma communication mechanism
ID, base station is received after the ID of target vehicle, is that target vehicle is randomly assigned a time slot, target carriage
Can only send information in its allocated time slot.
Here, the ID of target vehicle is the feature that target vehicle is different from other vehicles, can be used for identifying mesh
Mark vehicle；Exemplarily, the ID of target vehicle can be Motor Number or license plate number.
Here, the information that target vehicle can only send in its allocated time slot can be the shape of target vehicle
State information, the status information of target vehicle includes but is not limited to the driving speed information of target vehicle, target carriage
Time point, ID of target vehicle of status information etc. are sent next time.
For the implementation that vehicle detection itself comes into the region that corresponding base station is covered, specifically,
Cellular network communication unit on vehicle detects whether it is located at the region that corresponding base station is covered, detection process
With various existing implementations, repeat no more here.
Further, when target vehicle is communicated with surrounding vehicles using tdma communication mechanism, target
Vehicle is additionally operable to obtain the time point for sending status information next time of surrounding vehicles, and target vehicle obtains surrounding
The process at the time point for sending status information next time of vehicle includes：Surrounding vehicles obtain itself next time
The time point of status information is sent, the transmission state next time of itself is sent out using tdma communication mechanism
The time point of information, target vehicle is based on tdma communication mechanism and receives the next of surrounding vehicles from surrounding vehicles
The secondary time point for sending status information.
For the implementation that target vehicle is communicated using DSRC communication modes with surrounding vehicles, specifically
Say that target vehicle is entered using board units (On board Unit, OBU) with other vehicles or RSU in ground
Radio communication of the row based on DSRC technology.
Step 101：Based on acquired driving speed information, target vehicle is set in Vehicle Intercommunications System
The competition window of the middle data transmission channel for using.
This step is specifically included：Based on acquired driving speed information, target vehicle state information is drawn
Factor of influence；Factor of influence and EDCA mechanism according to target vehicle state information set for target vehicle
The minimum competition window put, draws the data transmission channel that target vehicle is used in Vehicle Intercommunications System
Competition window.
Here it is possible to it is the minimum competition window that target vehicle is set, EDCA to obtain EDCA mechanism in advance
Mechanism is that the minimum competition window that target vehicle is set is：Assuming that target vehicle carries out letter using EDCA mechanism
Road minimum competition window set when accessing；It is understood that it is target vehicle to obtain EDCA mechanism
The process of the minimum competition window of setting can have various existing implementations, repeat no more here.
Specifically, it is described based on acquired driving speed information, draw the influence of target vehicle state information
The factor, including：Based on acquired driving speed information, and target vehicle state is drawn according to below equation
The factor of influence α of information：
Wherein, v0Represent the travel speed of acquired all and target vehicle travel direction identical surrounding vehicles
The average value of scalar value, N represent acquired corresponding surrounding vehicles of surrounding vehicles driving speed information
Number, when k takes 1 to N, vkRepresent the scalar value of the travel speed of k-th acquired surrounding vehicles；
vN+1Represent the scalar value of the travel speed of target vehicle.
Here it is possible to the id information of the vehicle according to acquired surrounding vehicles driving speed information, draws institute
The number N of the corresponding surrounding vehicles of surrounding vehicles driving speed information of acquisition.
Specifically, it is described to draw the competing of the data transmission channel that target vehicle is used in Vehicle Intercommunications System
Window is striven, including：Show that the data that target vehicle is used in Vehicle Intercommunications System are passed according to below equation
The competition window CW ' of defeated channelmin：
Wherein, CWminRepresent that EDCA mechanism is the minimum competition window that target vehicle is set, α0Represent influence because
The predetermined threshold value of son；α0Can be configured according to concrete application scene.
As can be seen that when the scalar value of the travel speed of target vehicle becomes big, based on formula (1) and (2),
The factor of influence α of target vehicle state information is also mutually strained greatly, and then in α >=α0When, target vehicle is in car
The competition window CW ' of the data transmission channel used in communication system betweenminCan become smaller.
Step 102：Channel access is carried out based on set competition window.
This step is specifically included：Kept away using Carrier Sense Multiple Access/conflict based on set competition window
Exempt from (Carrier Sense Medium Access with Collision Avoidance, CSMA/CA) mechanism to connect
Enter channel；
Or, when target vehicle accesses channel and meets the second condition of setting, connect for the target vehicle
Entering channel carries out channel access；Here, the target vehicle access channel is target vehicle in inter-vehicular communication
The data transmission channel used in system；The second condition for setting as：It is current that target vehicle accesses channel
In idle condition, and, free time section with use tdma communication mechanism each surrounding vehicles under
The time point for once sending status information does not form overlap；Free time section is：From entering contention window
Mouth is changed into for 0 time period to competition window.
Here, target vehicle accesses channel when being currently at idle condition, from current time to entering contention window
The time span at the time point of mouth is the time interval of setting；That is, target vehicle access channel is current
During in idle condition, in addition it is also necessary to waiting the time interval of setting, competition window could be entered.It is exemplary
Ground, the stand-by period is set secondary when can assume that target vehicle carries out channel access using EDCA mechanism
Cut out frame period (Arbitration Interframe Space, AIFS).
In addition, when target vehicle access channel is unsatisfactory for the second condition of setting, step 101 is back to,
It is, being back to the competition for setting the data transmission channel that target vehicle is used in Vehicle Intercommunications System
The step of window；Exemplarily, when target vehicle access channel is currently at busy condition, target vehicle connects
Enter the second condition that channel is unsatisfactory for setting；Here, free time section is with use tdma communication mechanism extremely
The time point for sending status information next time of few surrounding vehicles is formed when overlapping, and target vehicle accesses letter
Road is unsatisfactory for the second condition of setting.
Further, when channel access is carried out, target vehicle sends the status information of itself, here, mesh
Marking the status information of vehicle includes ID, the scalar value of the travel speed of target vehicle, the target carriage of target vehicle
Travel direction；When target vehicle is communicated using tdma communication mechanism with surrounding vehicles, target
The time point that next time sends status information of the status information of vehicle also including target vehicle.
Using the first embodiment of the channel access method for being applied to Vehicle Intercommunications System of the invention, work as mesh
When the scalar value for marking the travel speed of vehicle becomes big, the competition window that target vehicle accesses channel is likely to become
It is small, and then the probability that target vehicle current time sends the status information of itself can be lifted；In addition, only
When target vehicle accesses channel and meets the second condition of setting, target vehicle could send the state letter of itself
Breath, reduces status information and collides probability, improves the reliability of Vehicle Intercommunications System.
Second embodiment
In order to be able to more embody the purpose of the present invention, on the basis of first embodiment of the invention, enter traveling one
The illustration of step.
In second embodiment of the invention, it is considered to following application scenarios：The all of vehicle in crossroad is equipped with
There are OBU and cellular network communication unit, wherein, OBU is using DSRC technology and other vehicles or RSU
Communicated, cellular network communication unit realizes the nothing with other vehicles or RSU using TDMA mechanism
Line is communicated to connect.
Specifically, to realize the correlation function of cellular network communication unit, region is set up at the parting of the ways
The region that eNB, eNB are covered referred to as coordination region；Vehicle into coordination region is logical using cellular network
Letter unit is communicated with other vehicles or RSU, i.e., covered when vehicle detection comes into eNB to it
During the region of lid, vehicle reports the log-on message of vehicle by mobile communications network such as LTE network to base station,
Wherein, the log-on message includes the ID of the vehicle, and base station is received after the log-on message of the vehicle, for this
Vehicle is randomly assigned a time slot, and the vehicle can only send the status information of itself in its allocated time slot,
Here, the status information for being sent into the vehicle of coordination region includes：The driving speed information of vehicle, vehicle
Time point, the ID of vehicle, the positional information of vehicle of status information are sent next time.
Here, the vehicle for being introduced into coordination region can be led to using OBU with other vehicles or RSU
Letter, now, correspondence vehicle can access channel using CSMA/CA mechanism, carry out the status information of itself
Transmission；The status information for being introduced into the vehicle transmission of coordination region includes：The driving speed information of vehicle,
The ID of vehicle, the positional information of vehicle；The status information for being introduced into the vehicle transmission of coordination region does not include car
The time point of status information is sent next time.
As can be seen that for entering the vehicle of coordination region and being introduced into the vehicle of coordination region, both send
Status information it is not consistent.
Fig. 2 is the flow of the second embodiment of the channel access method that the present invention is applied to Vehicle Intercommunications System
Figure, as shown in Fig. 2 the flow includes：
Step 201：Target vehicle receives the status information that surrounding vehicles send.
It is understood that according to the difference of surrounding vehicles present position, can be by different communication modes
The status information of itself is sent, such as surrounding vehicles can be sent out using DSRC technology or tdma communication mechanism
Give the status information of itself.
Step 202：Target vehicle determines the communication that surrounding vehicles are used according to the status information for receiving
Mode；If surrounding vehicles use tdma communication mechanism, the neighbor list based on TDMA is set up, and
The status information of corresponding surrounding vehicles is added into the neighbor list based on TDMA；Otherwise it is assumed that using
DSRC technology is communicated, and now, sets up the neighbor list based on CSMA/CA, and by corresponding week
The status information for enclosing vehicle adds the neighbor list based on CSMA/CA.
For the implementation for determining the communication mode that surrounding vehicles are used, exemplarily, if received
Status information in send time point of status information next time comprising vehicle, then illustrate that surrounding vehicles are used
Tdma communication mechanism；Otherwise, if sending state next time not comprising vehicle in the status information for receiving
The time point of information, then illustrate that surrounding vehicles are communicated using DSRC technology.
Table 1 exemplarily illustrates the neighbor list based on TDMA set up, in table 1, " ID "
ID for representing vehicle, " position " is used to indicate the positional information of vehicle, and " speed " is used to represent car
Travel speed scalar value, " FET " represents that vehicle sends time point of status information next time；Specifically
Ground say, Li、Vi、ETiRepresent that ID is the position of vehicle of i, the scalar value of travel speed, next time respectively
The time point of status information is sent, i can take 3,6,9,12 etc..
Table 1
Table 2 exemplarily illustrates the neighbor list based on CSMA/CA set up, in table 2, " ID "
ID for representing vehicle, " position " is used to indicate the positional information of vehicle, and " speed " is used to represent car
Travel speed scalar value；Specifically, lj、vjRepresent that ID is the position, OK of the vehicle of j respectively
The scalar value of speed is sailed, j can take 2,8,11,13 etc..
Table 2
Fig. 3 is that the present invention was applied to week in the second embodiment of the channel access method of Vehicle Intercommunications System
The status information for enclosing vehicle adds the flow chart of the neighbor list based on TDMA, as shown in figure 3, the flow
Including：
Step 202A：With the presence or absence of the ID of corresponding surrounding vehicles in neighbor list of the judgement based on TDMA,
If in the presence of updating the status information of corresponding surrounding vehicles in the neighbor list based on TDMA；Otherwise,
If not existing, step 202B is skipped to.
Step 202B：The status information of corresponding surrounding vehicles is added into the neighbor list based on TDMA.
Step 202C：When the ID of corresponding surrounding vehicles is based in the neighbor list of CSMA/CA,
The status information of corresponding surrounding vehicles in the neighbor list based on CSMA/CA is deleted.
Fig. 4 is that the present invention was applied to week in the second embodiment of the channel access method of Vehicle Intercommunications System
The status information for enclosing vehicle adds the flow chart of the neighbor list based on CSMA/CA, as shown in figure 4, should
Flow includes：
Step 202a：Judge to whether there is corresponding surrounding vehicles in the neighbor list based on CSMA/CA
ID, if in the presence of updating the status information of corresponding surrounding vehicles in the neighbor list based on CSMA/CA；
Otherwise, if not existing, step 202b is skipped to.
Step 202b：The status information of corresponding surrounding vehicles is added into the neighbor list based on CSMA/CA.
Step 202c：When the ID of corresponding surrounding vehicles is based in the neighbor list of TDMA, will
The status information of corresponding surrounding vehicles is deleted in neighbor list based on TDMA.
In this step, set up the neighbor list based on TDMA or neighbor list based on CSMA/CA it
Afterwards, the timer of circulation timing is set, and the time span of each timing of timer is consistent, each in timer
When time of timing reaches, the neighbor list if based on TDMA or the neighbor list based on CSMA/CA
In the status information of at least one surrounding vehicles be not updated, then it is assumed that the neighbor list based on TDMA
Or the status information of corresponding surrounding vehicles is the state letter of failure in the neighbor list based on CSMA/CA
Breath, now, the shape that will be failed in the neighbor list based on TDMA or the neighbor list based on CSMA/CA
State information deletion.
Step 203：Target vehicle obtains its all use TDMA according to the neighbor list based on TDMA
The surrounding vehicles of communication mechanism send the time point of status information next time.
Step 204：Judge that whether target vehicle accesses channel in busy condition, if it is, skipping to step
Rapid 205；If it is not, then judge that target vehicle accesses the second condition whether channel meets setting, if full
Foot, then the initial value based on the competition window for pre-setting carries out channel access, in channel access, utilizes
Target vehicle accesses channel and carries out the transmission of oneself state information；If be unsatisfactory for, step 205 is skipped to.
Step 205：Target vehicle is according to the neighbor list based on TDMA and the neighbours based on CSMA/CA
List obtains the velocity information with its travel direction identical surrounding vehicles, calculates target velocity v0。
Here, target velocity is the row of acquired all and target vehicle travel direction identical surrounding vehicles
Sail the average value of the scalar value of speed.
Step 206：Calculate the factor of influence α of target vehicle state information.
The specific implementation of this step is made an explanation in a step 101, is repeated no more here.
Step 207：Calculate the competition window CW ' that target vehicle accesses channelmin, judge that target vehicle connects
Enter the second condition whether channel meets setting, if it is satisfied, then based on the competition window for currently calculating
CW′minCarry out channel access；If being unsatisfactory for the second condition of setting, step 205 is back to.
3rd embodiment
For the channel access method for being applied to Vehicle Intercommunications System of first embodiment of the invention, the present invention
3rd embodiment provides a kind of channel access device for being applied to Vehicle Intercommunications System, here, between vehicle
Communication system is used to realize the radio communication between at least two vehicles.
Fig. 5 is applied to the composition knot of the channel access device of Vehicle Intercommunications System for third embodiment of the invention
Structure schematic diagram, as shown in figure 5, the device is arranged on target vehicle, described device includes：Acquisition module
500th, setup module 501 and channel access module 502；Wherein,
The acquisition module 500, the driving speed information for obtaining target vehicle and surrounding vehicles；
The setup module 501, for based on acquired driving speed information, setting target vehicle in car
The competition window of the data transmission channel used in communication system between；
The channel access module 502, for carrying out channel access based on set competition window.
Specifically, the setup module 501, for based on acquired driving speed information, drawing target
The factor of influence of car status information；Factor of influence and EDCA machines according to target vehicle state information
The minimum competition window of target vehicle setting is made as, sets what target vehicle was used in Vehicle Intercommunications System
The competition window of data transmission channel.
The target vehicle be used for meet setting first condition when using tdma communication mechanism and around
Vehicle is communicated, when the first condition of setting is unsatisfactory for, using DSRC communication modes and surrounding vehicles
Communicated；The first condition of the setting is：Target vehicle is in using the communication of tdma communication mechanism
Within the coverage of the base station of system；
The target vehicle is additionally operable to, when being communicated with surrounding vehicles using tdma communication mechanism, obtain
Surrounding vehicles send the time point of information next time.
The channel access module 502, specifically for using CSMA/CA based on set competition window
Mechanism accesses channel；
Or, when target vehicle accesses channel and meets the second condition of setting, connect for the target vehicle
Entering channel carries out channel access；The target vehicle access channel is target vehicle in Vehicle Intercommunications System
The data transmission channel for using；The second condition for setting as：Target vehicle accesses channel and is currently at sky
Not busy state, and, free time section with use tdma communication mechanism each surrounding vehicles hair next time
The time point of status information is sent not form overlap；Free time section is：From entering competition window to competing
Strive the time period that window is changed into 0.
The channel access module 502, specifically for carrying out channel access based on set competition window
When, the status information of target vehicle is sent, the status information that the channel access module sends includes target carriage
ID, the driving speed information of target vehicle；When target vehicle uses tdma communication mechanism and surrounding
When vehicle is communicated, the status information that the channel access module sends also includes target vehicle next time
Send the time point of status information.
The driving speed information includes：The scalar value of the travel speed of correspondence vehicle and the traveling of correspondence vehicle
Direction；Fig. 6 is centered for the channel access dress that third embodiment of the invention is applied to Vehicle Intercommunications System
The composition structural representation of module, as shown in fig. 6, setup module 501 includes the He of the first computing unit 600
Second computing unit 601；Wherein,
First computing unit 600, for based on acquired driving speed information, and according to following public affairs
Formula draws the factor of influence α of target vehicle state information：
Wherein, v0Represent the traveling speed of acquired all and target vehicle travel direction identical surrounding vehicles
The average value of the scalar value of degree, N represents the acquired corresponding surrounding vehicles of surrounding vehicles driving speed information
Number, when k takes 1 to N, vkRepresent the scalar of the travel speed of k-th acquired surrounding vehicles
Value；vN+1Represent the scalar value of the travel speed of target vehicle；
Second computing unit 601, for setting target vehicle in inter-vehicular communication system according to below equation
The competition window CW ' of the data transmission channel used in systemmin：
Wherein, CWminRepresent that EDCA mechanism is the minimum competition window that target vehicle is set, α0Represent shadow
Ring the predetermined threshold value of the factor.
In actual applications, the acquisition module 500, setup module 501 and channel access module 502 are equal
Can be by central processing unit (Central Processing Unit, CPU), the microprocessor in target vehicle
(Micro Processor Unit, MPU), digital signal processor (Digital Signal Processor, DSP),
Or field programmable gate array (Field Programmable Gate Array, FPGA) etc. is realized.
Using the channel access device for being applied to Vehicle Intercommunications System of third embodiment of the invention, work as target
When the scalar value of the travel speed of vehicle becomes big, the competition window that target vehicle accesses channel is likely to diminish,
And then the probability that target vehicle current time sends the status information of itself can be lifted；In addition, only in mesh
When mark vehicle accesses the second condition of channel satisfaction setting, target vehicle could send the status information of itself,
Reduce status information to collide probability, improve the reliability of Vehicle Intercommunications System.
It should be understood by those skilled in the art that, embodiments of the invention can be provided as method, system or meter
Calculation machine program product.Therefore, the present invention can using hardware embodiment, software implementation or combine software and
The form of the embodiment of hardware aspect.And, the present invention can be used and wherein include calculating at one or more
Computer-usable storage medium (the including but not limited to magnetic disk storage and optical storage of machine usable program code
Device etc.) on implement computer program product form.
The present invention is with reference to method according to embodiments of the present invention, equipment (system) and computer program product
Flow chart and/or block diagram describe.It should be understood that flow chart and/or side can be realized by computer program instructions
The knot of flow in each flow and/or square frame and flow chart and/or block diagram and/or square frame in block diagram
Close.Can provide these computer program instructions to all-purpose computer, special-purpose computer, Embedded Processor or
The processor of other programmable data processing devices is producing a machine so that by computer or other can
The instruction of the computing device of programming data processing equipment is produced for realizing in one flow of flow chart or multiple
The device of the function of being specified in one square frame of flow and/or block diagram or multiple square frames.
These computer program instructions may be alternatively stored in can guide computer or other programmable data processing devices
In the computer-readable memory for working in a specific way so that storage is in the computer-readable memory
Instruction is produced includes the manufacture of command device, and the command device is realized in one flow of flow chart or multiple streams
The function of being specified in one square frame of journey and/or block diagram or multiple square frames.
These computer program instructions can be also loaded into computer or other programmable data processing devices, made
Obtain and series of operation steps is performed on computer or other programmable devices to produce computer implemented place
Reason, so as to the instruction performed on computer or other programmable devices is provided for realizing in flow chart one
The step of function of being specified in flow or multiple one square frame of flow and/or block diagram or multiple square frames.
The above, only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention is not intended to limit protection model of the invention
Enclose.
Claims (12)
1. a kind of channel access method for being applied to Vehicle Intercommunications System, it is characterised in that between the vehicle
Communication system is used to realize the radio communication between at least two vehicles that methods described to include：
Target vehicle obtains the driving speed information of itself and surrounding vehicles；
Based on acquired driving speed information, the number that target vehicle is used in Vehicle Intercommunications System is set
According to the competition window of transmission channel；
Channel access is carried out based on set competition window.
2. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described based on acquired travel speed
Information, sets the competition window of the data transmission channel that target vehicle is used in Vehicle Intercommunications System, bag
Include：Based on acquired driving speed information, the factor of influence of target vehicle state information is drawn；According to mesh
The factor of influence and enhancing distributed channel access EDCA mechanism for marking car status information are target vehicle
The minimum competition window of setting, sets the data transmission channel that target vehicle is used in Vehicle Intercommunications System
Competition window.
3. method according to claim 2, it is characterised in that the driving speed information includes：It is right
Answer the scalar value of the travel speed of vehicle and the travel direction of correspondence vehicle；
It is described that the factor of influence of target vehicle state information is drawn based on acquired driving speed information, bag
Include：Based on acquired driving speed information, and the shadow of target vehicle state information is drawn according to below equation
Ring factor-alpha：
Wherein, v0Represent the travel speed of acquired all and target vehicle travel direction identical surrounding vehicles
The average value of scalar value, N represent acquired corresponding surrounding vehicles of surrounding vehicles driving speed information
Number, when k takes 1 to N, vkRepresent the scalar value of the travel speed of k-th acquired surrounding vehicles；
vN+1Represent the scalar value of the travel speed of target vehicle；
The competition window that the data transmission channel that target vehicle is used in Vehicle Intercommunications System is set,
Including：The data transmission channel that target vehicle is used in Vehicle Intercommunications System is set according to below equation
Competition window CW 'min：
Wherein, CWminRepresent that EDCA mechanism is the minimum competition window that target vehicle is set, α0Represent influence because
The predetermined threshold value of son.
4. method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the target vehicle is used to be set in satisfaction
Communicated with surrounding vehicles using time division multiple acess tdma communication mechanism during fixed first condition, be unsatisfactory for
During the first condition of setting, communicated with surrounding vehicles using DSRC DSRC communication modes；
The first condition of the setting is：Target vehicle is in the base station using the communication system of tdma communication mechanism
Coverage within；
The target vehicle is additionally operable to, when being communicated with surrounding vehicles using tdma communication mechanism, obtain
Surrounding vehicles send the time point of information next time.
5. method according to claim 4, it is characterised in that described based on set competition window
Channel access is carried out, specially：Carrier Sense Multiple Access/conflict is used based on set competition window
CSMA/CA mechanism is avoided to access channel；
Or, when target vehicle accesses channel and meets the second condition of setting, connect for the target vehicle
Entering channel carries out channel access；The target vehicle access channel is target vehicle in Vehicle Intercommunications System
The data transmission channel for using；The second condition for setting as：Target vehicle accesses channel and is currently at sky
Not busy state, and, free time section with use tdma communication mechanism each surrounding vehicles hair next time
The time point of status information is sent not form overlap；Free time section is：From entering competition window to competing
Strive the time period that window is changed into 0.
6. the method according to claim 4 or 5, it is characterised in that based on set contention window
When mouth carries out channel access, methods described also includes：Target vehicle sends the status information of itself, the mesh
The status information that mark vehicle sends includes ID, the driving speed information of target vehicle of target vehicle；Work as target
When vehicle is communicated using tdma communication mechanism with surrounding vehicles, the state letter that the target vehicle sends
The time point that next time sends status information of the breath also including target vehicle.
7. a kind of channel access device for being applied to Vehicle Intercommunications System, it is characterised in that between the vehicle
Communication system is used to realize the radio communication between at least two vehicles that described device to be arranged on target vehicle,
Described device includes：Acquisition module, setup module and channel access module；Wherein,
The acquisition module, the driving speed information for obtaining target vehicle and surrounding vehicles；
The setup module, for based on acquired driving speed information, setting target vehicle to be between vehicle
The competition window of the data transmission channel used in communication system；
The channel access module, for carrying out channel access based on set competition window.
8. device according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the setup module, specifically for base
In acquired driving speed information, the factor of influence of target vehicle state information is drawn；According to target vehicle
The factor of influence and enhancing distributed channel access EDCA mechanism of status information are what target vehicle was set
Minimum competition window, sets the competition of the data transmission channel that target vehicle is used in Vehicle Intercommunications System
Window.
9. device according to claim 8, it is characterised in that the driving speed information includes：It is right
Answer the scalar value of the travel speed of vehicle and the travel direction of correspondence vehicle；
The setup module includes the first computing unit and the second computing unit；Wherein,
First computing unit, for based on acquired driving speed information, and obtains according to below equation
Go out the factor of influence α of target vehicle state information：
Wherein, v0Represent the travel speed of acquired all and target vehicle travel direction identical surrounding vehicles
The average value of scalar value, N represent acquired corresponding surrounding vehicles of surrounding vehicles driving speed information
Number, when k takes 1 to N, vkRepresent the scalar value of the travel speed of k-th acquired surrounding vehicles；
vN+1Represent the scalar value of the travel speed of target vehicle；
Second computing unit, for according to below equation set target vehicle in Vehicle Intercommunications System
The competition window CW ' of the data transmission channel for usingmin：
Wherein, CWminRepresent that EDCA mechanism is the minimum competition window that target vehicle is set, α0Represent influence because
The predetermined threshold value of son.
10. device according to claim 7, it is characterised in that the target vehicle is used to meet
Communicated with surrounding vehicles using time division multiple acess tdma communication mechanism during the first condition of setting, discontented
During the first condition of foot setting, communicated with surrounding vehicles using DSRC DSRC communication modes；
The first condition of the setting is：Target vehicle is in the base station using the communication system of tdma communication mechanism
Coverage within；
The target vehicle is additionally operable to, when being communicated with surrounding vehicles using tdma communication mechanism, obtain
Surrounding vehicles send the time point of information next time.
11. devices according to claim 10, the channel access module, specifically for based on set
The competition window put accesses channel using Carrier Sense Multiple Access/conflict avoidance CSMA/CA mechanism；
Or, when target vehicle accesses channel and meets the second condition of setting, connect for the target vehicle
Entering channel carries out channel access；The target vehicle access channel is target vehicle in Vehicle Intercommunications System
The data transmission channel for using；The second condition for setting as：Target vehicle accesses channel and is currently at sky
Not busy state, and, free time section with use tdma communication mechanism each surrounding vehicles hair next time
The time point of status information is sent not form overlap；Free time section is：From entering competition window to competing
Strive the time period that window is changed into 0.
12. device according to claim 10 or 11, it is characterised in that the channel access module,
Specifically for when channel access is carried out based on set competition window, sending the status information of target vehicle,
The status information that the channel access module sends includes the travel speed letter of the ID of target vehicle, target vehicle
Breath；When target vehicle is communicated using tdma communication mechanism with surrounding vehicles, the channel access mould
The time point that next time sends status information of the status information that block sends also including target vehicle.
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