CN113613213B - Time slot load balancing-based Internet of vehicles resource selection method - Google Patents
Time slot load balancing-based Internet of vehicles resource selection method Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W4/00—Services specially adapted for wireless communication networks; Facilities therefor
- H04W4/30—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes
- H04W4/40—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P]
- H04W4/46—Services specially adapted for particular environments, situations or purposes for vehicles, e.g. vehicle-to-pedestrians [V2P] for vehicle-to-vehicle communication [V2V]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W28/00—Network traffic management; Network resource management
- H04W28/02—Traffic management, e.g. flow control or congestion control
- H04W28/08—Load balancing or load distribution
- H04W28/0875—Load balancing or load distribution to or through Device to Device [D2D] links, e.g. direct-mode links
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04W—WIRELESS COMMUNICATION NETWORKS
- H04W72/00—Local resource management
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for selecting resources of the Internet of vehicles based on time slot load balancing, which aims to realize the load balancing of time-frequency resource blocks used by a plurality of vehicles for selecting communication on time slots on the premise of ensuring the same resource utilization rate, further reduce the packet loss rate of the Internet of vehicles system so as to improve the reliability of side-link communication, and comprises the following realization steps: 1) Construction of Internet of vehiclesAnd resource pool2) Each vehicle V a Constructing a set of perceptual time-frequency resources within a perceptual windowAnd selecting a set of candidate time-frequency resources within the window3) Each vehicle V a Candidate time-frequency resource set based on time slot load balancingScreening available candidate time-frequency resource blocks in the network; 4) Each vehicle V a And obtaining a resource selection result.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of wireless communication, relates to a method for selecting resources of a vehicle networking, and in particular relates to a method for selecting resources of a distributed vehicle networking based on time slot load balancing, which can be used for autonomous communication among vehicles in a vehicle network.
Background
As applications of wireless communication and internet of things in the field of automobile traffic, internet of vehicles technology is rapidly developed, and a scene thereof can be generalized as "internet of vehicles (Vehicle to Everything, abbreviated as V2X)". The third generation partnership project (3 rd Generation Partnership Program, abbreviated as 3 GPP) specifies the V2X technology (Cellular-V2X, abbreviated as C-V2X) based on Cellular network architecture in release 12 standards published in 2015. With the continuous development of protocol standards, C-V2X currently goes through two stages of LTE-V2X and 5G NR (New Radio) V2X.
In the internet of vehicles, the channel resources of the direct communication link between vehicles are divided into mutually orthogonal time-frequency resource blocks, and the communication mode of the vehicles is a half-duplex communication mode, namely, the vehicles can not receive information sent by other vehicles in the time slot of sending the information. When vehicles in the Internet of vehicles communicate, time frequency resources need to be selected. The resource selection methods in C-V2X are generally divided into two types, one type is a centralized resource selection method based on unified perception of base stations and other infrastructures, namely, the base stations acquire information such as service demands of a plurality of vehicle users and uniformly allocate time-frequency resources for the users; another type is a distributed resource selection method based on autonomous perception of a single vehicle, which does not need unified management and control of equipment, and the vehicle is based on autonomous perception of time-frequency resource occupation in a network, and based on a D2D (Device-to-Device) technology using a side link (sidlink), so as to realize direct communication between vehicles (Vehicle to Vehicle, abbreviated as V2V).
The distributed resource selection method can better meet the communication requirements between the Internet of vehicles as the method is not limited by the existence of an infrastructure, and becomes a current research hotspot. Most of services in the Internet of vehicles have a certain periodicity, and in order to adapt to the service characteristics, the main flow idea of the distributed resource selection method is a Semi-continuous selection (Semi-Persistent Scheduling, abbreviated as SPS) scheme based on perception under the C-V2X framework. The main idea of the scheme is as follows: when a single vehicle selects resources, sensing the occupation condition of time-frequency resources in a past time window in advance, and eliminating the resources occupied by other users; in a future time window, the vehicle randomly selects a plurality of time-frequency resources in the left resources according to the service data volume, and periodically occupies the time-frequency resources, wherein the occupation period is equal to the transmission period of the service; after periodically occupying the resource for a period of time, the probability p determines to continue to occupy the resource at the location or to reselect the resource, the operation of reselecting the resource being the same as the operation of first selecting the resource. Through the SPS scheme, one-time selection and period occupation of time-frequency resources in the Internet of vehicles can be realized, and the service characteristics of the Internet of vehicles are well adapted.
When the internet of vehicles performs distributed resource selection, the packet loss rate of side link communication between vehicles is reduced on the premise of ensuring the resource utilization rate, so that the reliability of the internet of vehicles system is improved. For example, patent application with application publication number CN112866947a, entitled "a method for selecting distributed resources in internet of vehicles", discloses a method for scheduling distributed resources in internet of vehicles, which first initializes and updates a service cache queue of each vehicle; determining a scheduling target service set for each vehicle; then obtaining a scheduling target single subframe resource set through a communication device; the vehicle determines the transmission target times of the scheduling target service and the upper limit of the number of occupied target single subframe resources required by single transmission of the service according to the service queue; finally, a distributed resource selection result in the Internet of vehicles is obtained, and the purpose is to reduce the packet loss rate of communication among vehicles and improve the reliability of the Internet of vehicles system by adjusting the number, sequence and the number of service redundant transmission of single scheduling according to the congestion condition of service queues and the service quality parameters.
According to the method, the packet loss rate of the side link communication is reduced through service queue management and redundant transmission is increased, the reliability of the Internet of vehicles is improved, but the fact that the vehicles cannot simultaneously transmit and receive the data packets in the same time slot in the half-duplex communication mode of the side link of the Internet of vehicles is not considered, and even if the vehicles transmitting the data packets do not use direct conflict resources, the vehicles transmitting the data packets and the vehicles receiving the data packets transmit in the same time slot, so that the vehicles receiving the data packets cannot correctly receive the data packets, and the further reduction of the packet loss rate of the communication among the vehicles is affected.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, provides a time slot load balancing-based Internet of vehicles resource selection method, and aims to further reduce the packet loss rate of an Internet of vehicles system on the premise of ensuring the same resource utilization rate by realizing the load balancing of time-frequency resource blocks used by a plurality of vehicles for selecting communication on time slots so as to improve the reliability of side link communication.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention comprises the following steps:
(1) Construction of Internet of vehiclesAnd resource pool->
Construction of a vehicle network comprising A vehiclesResource pool comprising X Y time-frequency resource blocks->Wherein A is greater than or equal to 2, V a Representing an xi equipped with means for achieving half-duplex communication a X represents resource pool +.>The total number of the middle time slots, X is more than or equal to 2, Y represents the resource pool +.>The total number of the neutron channels, Y is more than or equal to 2, R xy Representing the time-frequency resource block on the y-th sub-channel of the x-th time slot,/and>x∈[1,X]，y∈[1,Y]，/>representation->Starting time of>Representation->Is defined by Deltat and Deltaf, respectively, representing R xy The occupied time length and frequency width, namely the length of one time slot and the width of one subchannel;
(2) Each vehicle V a Constructing a set of perceptual time-frequency resources within a perceptual windowAnd selecting a candidate set of time-frequency resources within the window +.>
Each vehicle V a Through communication means xi a Recording resource poolMiddle size is +.>Time-frequency resource blocks within a perceptual window of (a) constitute a set of perceptual time-frequency resources comprising P x Q time-frequency resource blocksSimultaneous recording resource pool->Middle size is +.>Time-frequency resource blocks within a selection window, constituting a candidate set of time-frequency resources comprising U x V time-frequency resource blocksWherein t is a Representing each vehicle V a Time of selecting time-frequency resource block, +.>Representing the duration of the perception window +.>P represents the total number of time slots in the set of perceived time-frequency resources,q represents the total number of subchannels in the perception time-frequency resource set, Q is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to Y, and is more than or equal to>Representing the time-frequency resource block on the qth sub-channel of the p-th time slot in the perceptual time-frequency resource set, is->p∈[1,P]，q∈[1,Q]，/>Representing the duration of the selection window +.>U represents the total number of time slots in the perception time-frequency resource set, < >>V represents the total number of subchannels in the perception time-frequency resource set, Q=V is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to Y, and is more than or equal to->Representing the time-frequency resource block on the v sub-channel of the u-th time slot in the candidate time-frequency resource set,/, and>u∈[1,U]，v∈[1,V]；
(3) Each vehicle V a Candidate time-frequency resource set based on time slot load balancingScreening available candidate time-frequency resource blocks in the list:
(3a) Each vehicle V a Through communication means xi a For a pair ofIs +.>Up-correlated signal received power gamma apq Measurement is carried out while taking a pair of->Reserved time-frequency resource block position information in the carried side chain control informationExtracting and adding->Is satisfied by->Candidate time-frequency resource block corresponding to the reserved time-frequency resource block position information of (2)>Removing to obtain candidate time-frequency resource set +.>Wherein (1)>Representing a preset related signal receiving power threshold value;
(3b) Each vehicle V a Counting candidate time-frequency resource set after primary screeningThe number of candidate time-frequency resource blocks included in each slot is deleted +.>The candidate time-frequency resource blocks in the time slot with the least number are obtained to obtain the candidate time-frequency resource set after the re-screening +.>The time-frequency resource blocks used by the multiple vehicles for selecting communication are balanced in load on the time slot;
(3c) Each vehicle V a StatisticsThe number of candidate time-frequency resource blocks +.>And judge->Whether or not it is true, if so, will be->As a set of available candidate time-frequency resources and performing step (4), otherwise let +.>And executing the step (2), wherein K represents the lowest screening proportion, 0<K<1；
(4) Each vehicle V a Obtaining a resource selection result:
each vehicle V a In the set of available candidate time-frequency resourcesOne time-frequency resource block is randomly selected as the time-frequency resource block used for communication.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:
when each vehicle acquires the available candidate time-frequency resource set, the candidate time-frequency resource set is firstly screened for the first time, candidate time-frequency resource blocks contained in the time slot with the least number in the candidate time-frequency resource set after the first screening are deleted, the candidate time-frequency resource set is screened again, the load balance of the time-frequency resource blocks used by the multiple vehicles for selecting communication on the time slot is realized, and compared with the prior art, the defect of higher inter-vehicle communication packet loss rate caused by the fact that the time-frequency resource blocks used by the multiple vehicles for communicating are concentrated on the individual time slot can be avoided, and the reliability of the Internet of vehicles is effectively improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an implementation of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a resource pool of the present inventionAnd a middle time-frequency resource block distribution diagram.
FIG. 3 shows each vehicle V of the present invention a At t a Schematic diagram of sensing window and selecting window when time-frequency resource block is selected.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of resources occupied by the service information of the internet of vehicles and the side chain control information related to the service in the resource pool.
FIG. 5 shows each vehicle V of the present invention a And when screening the candidate time-frequency resource set, sensing the window and selecting a schematic diagram of the time-frequency resource set in the window.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and the specific examples.
Referring to fig. 1, the present invention includes the steps of:
(1) Construction of Internet of vehiclesAnd resource pool->
Construction of a vehicle network comprising A vehiclesResource pool comprising X Y time-frequency resource blocks->Wherein A is greater than or equal to 2, V a Representing an xi equipped with means for achieving half-duplex communication a X represents resource pool +.>The total number of the middle time slots, X is more than or equal to 2, Y represents the resource pool +.>The total number of the neutron channels, Y is more than or equal to 2, R xy Representing the time-frequency resource block on the y-th sub-channel of the x-th time slot,/and>x∈[1,X]，y∈[1,Y]，/>representation->Starting time of>Representation->Is defined by Deltat and Deltaf, respectively, representing R xy The occupied time length and frequency width, namely the length of one time slot and the width of one subchannel;
referring to FIG. 2, a resource poolWherein X×Y time-frequency resource blocks orthogonal in time and frequency are distributed, and the time length and frequency width occupied by the time-frequency resource blocks are respectively deltat and deltaf, < >>The time origin of (2) is located at the leftmost end of the figure, < >>The frequency origin of (2) is located at the lowest end of the figure, resource pool +.>The time-frequency resource block in (2) is represented by binary coordinates consisting of the time and frequency starting points of the time-frequency resource block. Numbered R 11 Is expressed as +.>Numbered R 93 Is expressed as a time-frequency resource block of (a)
In this embodiment, Δt=1 ms, Δf=15 khz, x is not limited, y=4, and the internet of vehicles can be obtainedIs a resource pool of (2)The total spectral width is yΔf=4×15khz=60 kHz.
(2) Each vehicle V a Constructing a set of perceptual time-frequency resources within a perceptual windowAnd selecting a candidate set of time-frequency resources within the window +.>
Each vehicle V a Through communication means xi a Recording resource poolMiddle size is +.>Time-frequency resource blocks within a perceptual window of (a) constitute a set of perceptual time-frequency resources comprising P x Q time-frequency resource blocksSimultaneous recording resource pool->Middle size is +.>Time-frequency resource blocks within a selection window, constituting a candidate set of time-frequency resources comprising U x V time-frequency resource blocksWherein t is a Representing each vehicle V a Time of selecting time-frequency resource block, +.>Representing the duration of the perception window +.>P represents the total number of time slots in the set of perceived time-frequency resources,q represents the total number of subchannels in the perception time-frequency resource set, Q is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to Y, and is more than or equal to>Representing the time-frequency resource block on the qth sub-channel of the p-th time slot in the perceptual time-frequency resource set, is->p∈[1,P]，q∈[1,Q]，/>Representing the duration of the selection window +.>U represents the total number of time slots in the perception time-frequency resource set, < >>V represents the total number of subchannels in the perception time-frequency resource set, Q=V is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to Y, and is more than or equal to->Representing the time-frequency resource block on the v sub-channel of the u-th time slot in the candidate time-frequency resource set,/, and>u∈[1,U]，v∈[1,V]；
referring to fig. 3, each square represents a time-frequency resource block, and each vehicle V a At t a The sensing window size when time-frequency resource block is selected is as followsThe selection window size is +.>The perceptual window is used for +_for the resource pool>The occupation condition of the resource pool is perceived so as to know the occupation condition of the resource pool, and the resource reserved by other vehicles is avoided being selected when the resource pool selects the resource, so that the resource conflict probability is reduced; the selection window is used for constructing a selectable resource set and a resource poolSelecting time-frequency resource blocks in the window as the optional resource set +.>
In this embodiment, the duration of the window is perceivedIf select->Can cause insufficient perception of past resources, increase the probability of resource conflict, if +.>Although the perception of past resources is improved, more perception and calculation resources of the system are consumed, and the working efficiency of the vehicle is reduced; since the period of most periodic services in the internet of vehicles does not exceed 100ms, the embodiment selects the duration of the window +.>The matching with the service can be better realized.
In the present embodiment, v=q=y=4, i.e., vehicle V a The method can sense the full-band resources in the resource pool and also can sense the full-band resources in the resource poolAnd selecting the full-band resources in the resource pool.
(3) Each vehicle V a Candidate time-frequency resource set based on time slot load balancingScreening available candidate time-frequency resource blocks in the list:
(3a) Each vehicle V a Through communication means xi a For a pair ofIs +.>Up-correlated signal received power gamma apq Measurement is carried out while taking a pair of->Reserved time-frequency resource block position information in the carried side chain control information>Extracting and adding->Is satisfied by->Candidate time-frequency resource block corresponding to the reserved time-frequency resource block position information of (2)>Removing to obtain candidate time-frequency resource set +.>Wherein (1)>Representing a preset related signal receiving power threshold value;
referring to fig. 4, in the time-frequency resource blocks used for transmitting services, related side link control information is required to be transmitted, and the information contains the time-frequency resource block position reserved in advance, and the information can be received and extracted by other vehicles so as to avoid resource conflict caused by that other vehicles simultaneously select the same time-frequency resource block. In fig. 4, the hatched portion is a time-frequency resource block occupied by a service, and the gray portion is a resource occupation condition of side chain control information.
Referring to fig. 5, time-frequency resource block a 1 、B 1 、B 2 、C 1 、D 1 Located within the sensing window, time-frequency resource block a 2 、B 3 、B 4 、C 2 、D 2 Within the selection window, each vehicle pair A 1 、B 1 、B 2 、C 1 、D 1 Extracting the position information of the reserved time-frequency resource block in the related side chain control information to obtain the reserved time-frequency resource block A indicated by the position information 2 、B 3 、B 4 、C 2 、D 2 . Measurement A 1 、B 1 、B 2 、C 1 、D 1 Up-correlated signal received power, where A 1 、B 1 、B 2 、C 1 Above the associated signal received power threshold, thus will A 2 、B 3 、B 4 、C 2 Four time-frequency resource blocks are selected from candidate time-frequency resource setsThe rest time-frequency resource set is +.>
(3b) Each vehicle V a Counting candidate time-frequency resource set after primary screeningThe number of candidate time-frequency resource blocks included in each slot is deleted +.>The candidate time-frequency resource blocks in the time slot with the least number are obtained to obtain the candidate time-frequency resource set after the re-screening +.>The time-frequency resource blocks used by the multiple vehicles for selecting communication are balanced in load on the time slot;
referring to fig. 5, time-frequency resource block a 2 、B 3 、B 4 、C 2 The four time-frequency resource blocks have been derived from a candidate set of time-frequency resourcesRemoving to obtain->Thus->Middle slot min The candidate time-frequency resource block on the time slot is the least, namely slot min The time slot has more vehicles reserved time-frequency resource blocks relative to other time slots and is the busiest time slot. If these time-frequency resource blocks are not to be sub-formed +.>The time-frequency resource block used by the final communication selected by the vehicle can be positioned in the slot min Time slots, and thus slot min The time slot is concentrated with a plurality of time-frequency resource blocks for communication selected by vehicles, and the vehicles can not communicate with each other because the vehicles use a half-duplex communication mode although the vehicles do not have direct resource conflict. If these time-frequency resource blocks are to be slavedThe time-frequency resource block used by the final communication selected by the vehicle is unlikely to be positioned in slot min Time slots are positioned in other time slots, and when each vehicle does not select the time-frequency resource block on the busiest time slot, each vehicle selectsThe time-frequency resource blocks used for selecting communication can realize load balance on time slots without being concentrated on individual time slots, thereby avoiding communication packet loss caused by a half-duplex communication mode and improving the reliability of communication.
(3c) Each vehicle V a StatisticsThe number of candidate time-frequency resource blocks +.>And judge->Whether or not it is true, if so, will be->As a set of available candidate time-frequency resources and performing step (4), otherwise let +.>And executing the step (2), wherein K represents the lowest screening proportion, 0<K<1；
In this embodiment, k=20%, if K is too highIf K is too low, the time frequency resource blocks are +.>The number of the medium time frequency resource blocks is too small, so that a plurality of vehicles which select resources simultaneously finally select the same time frequency resource block, and resource conflict is caused.
(4) Each vehicle V a Obtaining a resource selection result:
each vehicle V a In the set of available candidate time-frequency resourcesOne time-frequency resource block is randomly selected as the time-frequency resource block used for communication.
The foregoing description is only one specific example of the invention, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and changes in form and detail may be made without departing from the principles and construction of the invention, but these modifications and changes based on the idea of the invention remain within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (1)
1. A method for selecting resources of the Internet of vehicles based on time slot load balancing is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Construction of Internet of vehiclesAnd resource pool->
Construction of a vehicle network comprising A vehiclesResource pool comprising X Y time-frequency resource blocks->Wherein A is greater than or equal to 2, V a Representing an xi equipped with means for achieving half-duplex communication a X represents resource pool +.>The total number of the middle time slots, X is more than or equal to 2, Y represents the resource pool +.>The total number of the neutron channels, Y is more than or equal to 2, R xy Representing the time-frequency resource blocks on the y-th sub-channel of the x-th slot, representation->Starting time of>Representation ofIs defined by Deltat and Deltaf, respectively, representing R xy The occupied time length and frequency width, namely the length of one time slot and the width of one subchannel;
(2) Each vehicle V a Constructing a set of perceptual time-frequency resources within a perceptual windowAnd selecting a candidate set of time-frequency resources within the window +.>
Each vehicle V a Through communication means xi a Recording resource poolMiddle size is +.>Time-frequency resource blocks within a perceptual window of (a) constitute a set of perceptual time-frequency resources comprising P x Q time-frequency resource blocksSimultaneous recording resource pool->Middle size is +.>Time-frequency resource blocks within a selection window, constituting a candidate set of time-frequency resources comprising U x V time-frequency resource blocksWherein t is a Representing each vehicle V a Time of selecting time-frequency resource block, +.>Representing the duration of the perception window +.>P represents the set of perceived time-frequency resources +.>The total number of time slots in a middle,q represents the set of perceived time-frequency resources->The total number of the sub-channels is more than or equal to 1 and less than or equal to Y and is less than or equal to%>Representing a set of perceptual time-frequency resources->Time-frequency resource block on the q-th sub-channel of the p-th time slot of (a), a> Representing the duration of the selection window +.>U represents candidate time-frequency resource set +.>Total number of middle time slots, & gt>V represents candidate time-frequency resource set +.>The total number of the sub-channels is 1-Q=V-Y->Representing candidate time-frequency resource set->Time-frequency resource blocks on the v sub-channel of the u-th time slot,
(3) Each vehicle V a Candidate time-frequency resource set based on time slot load balancingScreening available candidate time-frequency resource blocks in the list:
(3a) Each of which is provided withVehicle V a Through communication means xi a For a pair ofIs +.>Up-correlated signal received power gamma apq Measurement is carried out while taking a pair of->Reserved time-frequency resource block position information in the carried side chain control information>Extracting and adding->Is satisfied by->Candidate time-frequency resource block corresponding to the reserved time-frequency resource block position information of (2)>Removing to obtain candidate time-frequency resource set +.>Wherein (1)>Representing a preset related signal receiving power threshold value;
(3b) Each vehicle V a Counting candidate time-frequency resource set after primary screeningEach of (3)The number of candidate time-frequency resource blocks contained in the time slot is deleted>The candidate time-frequency resource blocks in the time slot with the least number are obtained to obtain the candidate time-frequency resource set after the re-screening +.>The time-frequency resource blocks used by the multiple vehicles for selecting communication are balanced in load on the time slot;
(3c) Each vehicle V a StatisticsThe number of candidate time-frequency resource blocks +.>And judge->Whether or not it is true, if so, will be->As a set of available candidate time-frequency resources and performing step (4), otherwise let +.>And executing the step (2), wherein K represents the lowest screening proportion, 0<K<1；
(4) Each vehicle V a Obtaining a resource selection result:
each vehicle V a In the set of available candidate time-frequency resourcesOne time-frequency resource block is randomly selected as the time-frequency resource block used for communication.
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