CN103492598A - 含贵金属的复合材料、该材料的制造工艺及应用 - Google Patents

含贵金属的复合材料、该材料的制造工艺及应用 Download PDF

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CN103492598A
CN103492598A CN201180069157.4A CN201180069157A CN103492598A CN 103492598 A CN103492598 A CN 103492598A CN 201180069157 A CN201180069157 A CN 201180069157A CN 103492598 A CN103492598 A CN 103492598A
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塞纳德·哈萨诺维克
安德里斯·莫坦森
卢德格·威伯
雷扎·塔旺嘎
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Abstract

一种复合材料，其结合了：贵金属或包含贵金属的合金；以及基于硼的陶瓷，其熔点大于所述贵金属的熔点，且其密度至多为4g/cm3。

Description

含贵金属的复合材料、该材料的制造工艺及应用
技术领域
本发明涉及含贵金属的复合材料、其制造工艺及应用。
背景技术
文献US-7608127描述了一种复合材料，其由贵金属或贵金属合金的金属基体构成，并由碳化钨或碳化钼填充材料增强。在其制造过程中，该复合材料通过液体金属在压力下渗透进碳化钨或碳化钼预制件中获得。在该文献所描述的复合材料中，金属浓度的范围能占重量的56％到75％，且其硬度大于171维氏硬度值(VHN)，可超过500维氏硬度值。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的是提出一种新的复合材料，其特性优于或者至少与上述现有技术一样有益。至此，本发明提出一种复合材料，其结合了：
-贵金属或包含贵金属的合金(该合金例如能是，贵金属与其它贵金属组成的合金，和/或贵金属与其它例如铝、铜、钛的金属组成的合金)；
-以及基于硼的陶瓷，其熔点大于所述贵金属的熔点，且其密度至多为4g/cm3。
因此，通过选择基于硼的陶瓷，我们获得了一种低密度的复合材料，且其具有相当大的硬度。尽管基于硼的陶瓷的润湿性非常低，但该复合材料主要能通过压力下液体金属的渗透来实现。
在根据本发明的复合材料的多种实施例中，我们能有利地依靠以下一项和/或多项布置：
-该复合材料所具有的贵金属的浓度占比大于所述材料全部重量的75％；
-所述贵金属选自：金、铂、钯和银；
-所述贵金属是金；
-该陶瓷结合了金或铝的合金，该复合材料具有的铝的浓度最多占该复合材料全部重量的20％，优选为最多占该复合材料全部重量的5％：
-该贵金属和钛形成合金，该钛的浓度占该复合材料的全部重量的0.5％到2％之间，有利的为近似占到该复合材料全部重量的1％，这有助于贵金属或合金在陶瓷中渗透；
-所述陶瓷选自：碳化硼、氮化硼、氧化硼，以及BCN异质金刚石(heterodiamond)；
-所述陶瓷选自碳化硼，其近似分子式为B4C、B13C2，以及B12C3；
-所述陶瓷是分子式为BN的氮化硼，其选自：立方氮化硼、纤锌矿型晶体结构的氮化硼，以及六方氮化硼；
-所述陶瓷是氧化硼B6O；
-所述陶瓷是立方BC2N；
-所述陶瓷是导电体，其使得该复合材料能用电火花加工；
-所述材料的硬度大于320维氏硬度值，优选大于400维氏硬度值；
-所述陶瓷占的体积分数为所述材料的55到80％；
-所述陶瓷的形式为当量直径在0.1μm到1mm之间的离散微粒，优选为1μm到100μm之间的离散微粒；
-所述陶瓷形成连续的、相互连接的相；
-所述陶瓷的密度一般在7-14g/cm3之间。
本发明的另一个目的是一种制造如上所述复合材料的工艺，所述工艺具有渗透步骤。在渗透步骤中，贵金属或合金在10到200巴的压力下，优选为75到150巴的压力下，渗透到由所述陶瓷构成的具有孔的预制件中。
如上所指出的，尽管基于硼的陶瓷的润湿性非常低，但在压力下渗透使得金属能渗透到基于硼的陶瓷中。另外，因此我们获得显然不具备孔隙度的复合材料。
在根据本发明的工艺的多种实施例中，我们能依靠于下列情况：
-在渗透步骤期间，液态形式的金和铝的合金在压力下渗透到具有孔的碳化硼预制件中；
-该工艺在渗透步骤之前还包括烧结步骤，在烧结步骤期间，该陶瓷预制件至少部分烧结。
最后，本发明的另一目的是将如上所述的复合材料应用到钟表制造或珠宝制造中。
附图说明
通过对下述实施例其中一个的描述，本发明的其它特征和优点将得以显现。本发明附有附图，其中：
-图1示出了制造根据本发明一实施例的复合材料的实例；
-图2为根据本发明一实施例的复合材料的晶体截面照片。
具体实施方式
如上所述，本发明涉及复合材料，其结合了：
-贵金属(尤其是：金、铂、钯或银)或是含有贵金属的合金；
-以及基于硼的陶瓷，其熔点大于所述贵金属的熔点，且其密度至多为4g/cm3(优选的，小于3.5g/cm3)。
就上述合金而言，其可以为，尤其是，包括：
-金或铝的合金，该复合材料的铝的浓度最多占该复合材料全部重量的20％，优选的最多占该复合材料全部重量的5％；
-含有至少一种贵金属和至少一种钛的合金，以便利于金属渗透到陶瓷中(钛的浓度占整个复合材料全部重量的0.5％到2％之间，优选的，近似占该复合材料全部重量的1％)；
-含有至少一种贵金属和至少一种铜的合金。
复合材料具有的贵金属的浓度可占到所述材料全部重量的75％，例如大约占到80％。
本文中工业陶瓷是指坚硬的、耐熔的、轻质的材料，并且化学性非常稳定。其熔点一般高于2000摄氏度。能用于本发明的陶瓷尤其包括：
-碳化硼，其近似分子式为B4C、B13C2，以及B12C3(熔点：2450°C，密度2.48-2.51g/cm3)，
-氮化硼，BN(密度：近似3.5g/cm3)，尤其是立方氮化硼(熔点：2970℃)，纤锌矿型晶体结构的氮化硼(熔点：1700℃)，六方氮化硼(熔点：近似2500℃)，
-某种的氧化硼，尤其是氧化硼B6O(熔点：大于2000℃)，
-某种BCN化合物，尤其是立方BC2N(熔点大于2000℃)。
陶瓷所占的体积分数为该材料的55到80％。陶瓷可以是当量直径在0.1μm到1mm之间的离散微粒，优选为1μm到100μm之间的离散微粒。同一材料中具有多种尺寸的微粒是有利的，尤其是对于获得闪烁的视觉效果。
当根据本发明的制备该复合材料的工艺包括烧结步骤时，陶瓷形成连续相，该连续相中的陶瓷颗粒相互连接。所选择的陶瓷优选为具有充分的导电性，以便能使用电火花加工。尤其是，在统计分子式为B4C的碳化硼的情况下。因此，无论其极限硬度多少，人们能轻松地加工该复合材料。
由此，我们获得的材料既轻(低密度)又非常坚硬。因此，其近乎不会被划花，其特征是硬度大于320维氏硬度值，优选为大于400维氏硬度值，或者甚至更高。后一项特性特别有益，尤其是对于复合材料在钟表制造或珠宝制造中的应用。
我们能够通过，尤其是通过如图1所示的工艺，实现上述的材料，包括下列步骤：
-制造具有孔的预制件，尤其是通过烧结；
-贵金属或合金在压力下渗透进陶瓷预制件中。
实例
商业碳化硼粉末，F1000(微粒尺寸5μm)，其统计分子式为B4C，在200MPa的等静压力下冷压(如图1，步骤(a)到(c))，然后在2100℃的炉中烧结，在真空下，持续一小时(如图1，步骤(d))。
该烧结的预制件的密度是1.766g/cm3，且粉末的密度是2.48g/cm3。因此，预制件的71.19％是密实的，余下28.81％的孔隙率。
然后，纯金在1200℃，150巴气(氩气)压下，渗透入该烧结的预制件(如图1，步骤(e))中。
所获得的材料是密度为7.48g/cm3的金属基复合材料。按质量来说，该复合材料中纯金的浓度占比大于76％，并且其硬度在650到700维氏硬度(30N载荷，16秒)之间。如图2中的晶体截面是所述复合材料的样品在50倍放大光学显微镜下得出的，其由最大为0.25μm的金刚石微粒抛光而成。光亮区域相当于渗透在陶瓷中的金属。

Claims (21)

1.复合材料，其结合了：
-贵金属或包含贵金属的合金；
-以及基于硼的陶瓷，其熔点大于所述贵金属的熔点，且其密度至多为4g/cm3。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合材料，其具有的贵金属的浓度占比大于所述材料全部重量的75％。
3.根据权利要求1和2中任一项所述的复合材料，其特征在于，所述贵金属选自：金、铂、钯和银。
4.根据权利要求3所述的复合材料，其特征在于，所述贵金属是金。
5.根据上述任一项权利要求所述的复合材料，其特征在于，所述陶瓷结合了金或铝的合金，所述复合材料具有的铝的浓度最多占所述复合材料全部重量的20％，优选为最多占所述复合材料全部重量的5％。
6.根据上述任一项权利要求所述的复合材料，其特征在于，所述贵金属和钛形成合金，所述钛的浓度占到所述复合材料的全部重量的0.5％到2％之间，优选为近似占到所述复合材料全部重量的1％。
7.根据上述任一项权利要求所述的复合材料，其特征在于，所述陶瓷选自：碳化硼、氮化硼、氧化硼，以及BCN异质金刚石。
8.根据权利要求7所述的复合材料，其特征在于，所述陶瓷选自碳化硼，其近似分子式为B4C、B13C2，以及B12C3。
9.根据权利要求7所述的复合材料，其特征在于，所述陶瓷是分子式为BN的氮化硼，其选自：立方氮化硼、纤锌矿型晶体结构的氮化硼，以及六方氮化硼。
10.根据权利要求7所述的复合材料，其特征在于，所述陶瓷是氧化硼B6O。
11.根据权利要求7所述的复合材料，其特征在于，所述陶瓷是立方BC2N。
12.根据上述任一项权利要求所述的复合材料，其特征在于，所述陶瓷是导电体。
13.根据上述任一项权利要求所述的复合材料，其硬度大于320维氏硬度值，优选大于400维氏硬度值。
14.根据上述任一项权利要求所述的复合材料，其特征在于，所述陶瓷占的体积分数为所述材料的55到80％。
15.根据上述任一项权利要求所述的复合材料，其特征在于，所述陶瓷的形式为当量直径在0.1μm到1mm之间的离散微粒，优选为1μm到100μm之间的离散微粒。
16.根据上述任一项权利要求所述的复合材料，其特征在于，所述陶瓷形成连续的、相互连接的相。
17.根据上述任一项权利要求所述的复合材料，其密度在7到14g/cm3之间。
18.一种用于制造上述任一项权利要求所述的复合材料的工艺，所述工艺具有渗透步骤，在所述渗透步骤中，所述贵金属或合金在10到200巴，优选为75到150巴的压力下，渗透到由所述陶瓷组成的具有孔的预制件中。
19.根据权利要求18所述的工艺，其特征在于，在所述渗透步骤期间，液体形式的金和铝的合金在压力下渗透到具有孔的碳化硼预制件中。
20.根据权利要求18或19所述的工艺，在所述渗透步骤之前还包括烧结步骤，在所述烧结步骤期间，所述陶瓷预制件至少部分烧结。
21.对根据上述任一项权利要求所述的复合材料的应用，其被应用于钟表制造或珠宝制造中。
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