CN103484910A - Method of depositing durable thin gold coating on fuel cell bipolar plates - Google Patents
Method of depositing durable thin gold coating on fuel cell bipolar plates Download PDFInfo
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- CN103484910A CN103484910A CN201310229879.2A CN201310229879A CN103484910A CN 103484910 A CN103484910 A CN 103484910A CN 201310229879 A CN201310229879 A CN 201310229879A CN 103484910 A CN103484910 A CN 103484910A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/48—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of gold
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
- C25D5/50—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces by heat-treatment
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0206—Metals or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/02—Details
- H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
- H01M8/0204—Non-porous and characterised by the material
- H01M8/0223—Composites
- H01M8/0228—Composites in the form of layered or coated products
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Fuel Cell (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
Abstract
A method of depositing a thin gold coating on bipolar plate substrates for use in fuel cells includes depositing a gold coating onto at least one surface of the bipolar plate substrate followed by annealing the gold coating at a temperature between about 200 DEG C. to 500 DEG C. The annealed gold coating has a reduced porosity in comparison with a coating which has not been annealed, and provides improved corrosion resistance to the underlying metal comprising the bipolar plate.
Description
technical field
Embodiment of the present invention relate to fuel cell bipolar plates used, more specifically, relate to the improved method for deposition of thin gold plating on bipolar plates, it has reduced the porosity of formed gold plating, improve the weather resistance of gold plating, and reduced the corrosion of the bipolar plates under it.
background technology
In recent years, the vehicular manufacturer pursues the fuel cell motive force source more and more, and this is owing to their efficient operation and low emission.A kind of main candidate's fuel for transport applications is hydrogen/air Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFC), and it comprises the polymeric film (for example proton exchange membrane) between a pair of gas diffusion media layer and catalyst layer.Negative plate and positive plate are positioned at the outermost adjacent with gas diffusion media layer.Catalyst coatings is deposited on the opposite side of described film, forms membrane electrode assembly (MEA).All these parts have formed battery unit together.
Typically, several fuel cells combine the electricity output that produces expectation in fuel cell pack.For automotive fuel cell stack mentioned, this battery pile can comprise about 200 or more fuel cell.In this layout, two adjacent battery units can be shared common pole plate, and it has served as anode and negative electrode by two adjacent cell of its series connection.Such plate is commonly referred to as bipolar plates, and it typically comprises that flow field comes intensified response thing gas as the transmission to the battery be associated of hydrogen and oxygen therein.
Metal double polar plates is preferably to use because they are electrochemical stabilities, electroconductibility with cheapness.In addition, they can make very thin (for example<0.25mm) and shape that can be as final in punching press forms by cheap metal forming technology.Stainless steel is generally used for forming bipolar plates.But stainless steel is easy to corrosion in moist fuel cell pack environment (comprise oxidisability and reductive condition the two).
In fuel cell pack, the active corrosion process can increase the contact resistance of membrane resistance and bipolar plates, reduces the electroconductibility/power density of battery pile.Formed corrosion product also can cause the chemical degradation of other fuel cell components.In order to protect metal double polar plates anticorrosive and reduce contact resistance, described plate is often electroplated for example gold or be selected from the metal of platinum family (PGM) of upper thin noble coatings.This protective coating is electroconductibility, and thickness is 5-10nm.But, having been found that while even thering is the protectiveness noble coatings, the bipolar plates under it passs in time and also can be corroded.In addition, this shallow layer can suffer obvious degraded, particularly all the more so at the cathode side of fuel cell, for example enter battery pile together with iodide, bromide, muriate, thiosulphate, thiocarbamide or their mixture at this air and the pollutent that described coating is there is to potential dissolving power, affected the integrity of the bipolar plates that passs in time.
Summary of the invention
Embodiment of the present invention provide the method for improving the weather resistance of the thin gold plating on bipolar plate of stainless steel by controlled annealing process.Gold plating through annealing has the porosity of reduction, and this has improved the stability of coating and provides the erosion resistance of improvement for bipolar plates it under.Have been found that annealing process has reduced the cationic generation of iron, the iron positively charged ion can adversely affect fuel battery performance, and this is owing to the loss of membrance chemistry degraded and film ion-exchange capacity.
According to an aspect of the present invention, provide gold plating has been deposited to the method on fuel cell bipolar plates used, it comprises provides the base material of the bipolar plates with first and second surfaces, at least one surface that gold plating is deposited to this base material is upper, and makes the described gold plating annealing on base material in controlled environment.Mean bipolar plates or be stamped into or be administered to the base material on bipolar plates with " bipolar plates base material ".For example, gold plating can be applied directly on bipolar plates or form that can thin strip metal is administered on the bipolar plates base material, and then it be administered on bipolar plates before or after annealing steps.
In one embodiment, gold plating deposits by electro-plating method.Gold plating after plating comprises the nanoparticle that granularity is about 1-5nm.
Gold plating after plating is then preferably the temperature of about 200 ℃-500 ℃, and more preferably at the annealing temperature of about 250 ℃-300 ℃.This coating is preferably annealed in dry oxygen-free atmosphere.Mean that by " drying " and " anaerobic " this atmosphere comprises the oxygen that is less than 2ppm and the water that is less than 2ppm.Preferably this coating annealing under hydrogen or rare gas element exist as argon gas and/or helium.
The method preferably use comprise stainless steel or consisting of the bipolar plates base material, but this base material also can comprise other metals as titanium, al and ni base alloy or consisting of.
After annealing, the preferred thickness of gold plating is that about 3nm-10nm and granularity are about 10-30nm.Gold plating the exerting pressure and 1A/cm at 200psi through annealing on the bipolar plates both sides
2current density the time show about 15 to about 22m Ω-cm
2total contact resistance.
With the gold plating before annealing, compare, the gold plating through annealing has the porosity of reduction and preferably shows the porosity that is less than about 1 volume %.Formed bipolar plates comprises that this bipolar plates is applicable to the PEM fuel cell through the gold plating of annealing thereon.
Therefore, the feature of embodiment of the present invention is to provide the method for improving for the weather resistance of the thin gold plating on the metal double polar plates of PEM fuel cell module.According to detailed description and appended claim other features of the present invention, will become apparent.
Particularly, the invention provides the technical scheme of following aspect:
● 1.the method of deposited gold coating on the bipolar plates for fuel cell, it comprises:
Bipolar plates with first and second surfaces base material is provided;
Deposited gold coating at least one surface of described base material; And
By the described gold plating annealing on described base material.
● 2.the method of aspect 1, wherein said gold plating is by electroplating deposition.
● 3.the method of aspect 2, wherein said electrogilding coating comprises the nanoparticle that granularity is about 1-12nm.
● 4.the method of any one in aforementioned aspect, wherein said bipolar plates base material comprises stainless steel.
● 5.the method of any one in aforementioned aspect, wherein said gold plating is at the annealing temperature of about 200 ℃-500 ℃.
● 6.the method of any one in aforementioned aspect, wherein said gold plating is at the annealing temperature of about 250 ℃-300 ℃.
● 7.the method of aspect 4, wherein said gold plating forms alloy at annealing temperature and the described stainless steel of>=500 ℃.
● 8.the method of any one in aforementioned aspect, wherein said coating is annealed in dry oxygen-free atmosphere.
● 9.the method of any one in aforementioned aspect, the annealing under hydrogen or rare gas element existence of wherein said coating.
● 10.the method of aspect 9, the annealing under argon gas exists of wherein said coating.
● 11.the method of any one in aforementioned aspect, the thickness of the wherein said gold plating through annealing is about 3nm-10nm.
● 12.the method of any one in aforementioned aspect, the wherein said gold plating through annealing comprises the nanoparticle that granularity is about 15-30nm.
● 13.the method of any one in aforementioned aspect, wherein described gold plating the exerting pressure and 1A/cm at 200psi through annealing on described bipolar plates base material
2current density the time show about 15 to about 22m Ω-cm
2contact resistance.
● 14.the method of any one in aforementioned aspect, wherein compare with the described gold plating before annealing, and the described gold plating through annealing has the porosity of reduction.
● 15.the method of any one in aforementioned aspect, the porosity of the wherein said gold plating through annealing is less than about 1 volume %.
● 16.the method of any one in aforementioned aspect, wherein compare with the described gold plating before annealing, and the described gold plating through annealing shows the lattice parameter reduced.
● 17.for the bipolar plates of fuel cell, described bipolar plates comprises the gold plating through annealing thereon.
● 18.the bipolar plates of aspect 17, the porosity of the wherein said gold plating through annealing is less than about 1 volume %.
● 19.aspect 17 or 18 bipolar plates, wherein said gold plating the exerting pressure and 1A/cm at 200psi through annealing
2current density the time show about 15 to about 22m Ω-cm
2contact resistance.
● 20.the bipolar plates of any one in aspect 17-19, it comprises stainless steel.
The accompanying drawing explanation
When the accompanying drawing in conjunction with following is read, can make best understanding to the specific embodiments of the present invention that describe in detail below, wherein same structure means with same Reference numeral, and all parts needn't illustrate according to size in this figure, and therein:
Fig. 1 comprises the schematic diagram of the bipolar plates of gold plating according to embodiments of the present invention on it;
Fig. 2 A and 2B mean the diagram of scanning electronic microscope (SEM) image of the gold-plated bipolar plates in annealing front and back; With
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the bipolar plates that the gold in fuel cell module applies according to embodiments of the present invention.
Embodiment
Improve erosion resistance although the gold plating on metal double polar plates has shown as, have been found that the bipolar plates that passs in time still can be corroded.In addition, gold plating itself be easy to due to the atmospheric pollution of fuel battery negative pole side and the pollutent that can make potentially the degraded of described coating for example bromide, iodide, muriate, thiosulphate and thiocarbamide degrade, passage has in time reduced it to the tack of described plate and has increased the resistance of described plate.Do not wish to be limited to theory, it is believed that causing a reason of corrosion is the high porosity of the gold plating of thin (5-10nm) electrolytic deposition.This high porosity of thin gold plating makes the metal/stainless steel plate corrosion during fuel cell operation under it, cause coalescent (coalescence) and the formation of ferric hydrous oxide of golden film/coating, specific conductivity and the release of iron ion in fuel cell environment that this ferriferous oxide has caused corrosion and reduced, this has disadvantageous effect for the film weather resistance.
By thin gold plating is deposited on the bipolar plates substrate surface, it is exposed to annealing conditions subsequently, and formed gold plating has the porosity of reduction and for the better tack of stainless steel substrate.This has improved golden layer in the lip-deep stability of plate, the good contact resistance that has kept described coating, reduced the corrosion of bipolar plates, reduced corrosive compound for example ferriferous oxide be incorporated in described coating, and then reduced the release of iron ion in fuel cell environment.
We also find that this annealing process has reduced the lattice parameter of gold plating, by eliminating internal stress, have improved the Bulk coat structure, and this has also improved cold-forming property and the ductility of described coating.For example, when the annealing temperature at about 230 ℃, lattice parameter is about 4.07.When the annealing temperature of about 500 ℃, this lattice parameter is about 4.02, and, in the time of 650 ℃, this lattice parameter is about 3.95.Grain size also increases along with annealing temperature.The temperature of 230 ℃, grain size is about 12.23-12.48nm; At 500 ℃, grain size is about 15.14-15.40nm; And, at 650 ℃, grain size is about 15.40-16.02nm.
Unless expression is separately arranged, otherwise any numerical value and scope that in specification sheets and claim, disclosed any scope has been understood to include this scope itself and has wherein contained, and end points.
Referring now to Fig. 1,, shown that gold applies and the bipolar plates 10 through annealing according to embodiments of the present invention.Bipolar plates 10 preferably comprises ferrite or austenitic stainless steel, but can comprise other metallic substance or consisting of, comprise aluminium, titanium, titanium alloy, nickel-base alloy and ferrous alloy.As shown, bipolar plates 10 is included in two lip-deep thin gold platings 12 of this plate.
Gold plating 12, preferably by electro-plating method, is deposited on bipolar plates with the plating bath that comprises the solution of gold in hydrochloric acid/prussiate.For preferred solution of the present invention, be that Goldbond TCL， city is sold by Grauer; Weil (India) Ltd., it comprises gold, underlying metal (base metal) and hydrochloric acid.The application of Goldbond TCL is called sour golden penetrating method (acid gold strike process), and its expection is used on stainless steel, but also can be used in metal as on nickel.
Gold plating after plating basically comprise golden nanometer particle or consisting of.Granularity and shape can change, and this depends on for example pre-treatment of plating bath parameter, temperature and current density.After plating, golden nanometer particle typically is the size of about 1-12nm, and, after annealing, granularity is about 15-30nm.
Gold plating solution preferably applies with the continuous rolling coating method, wherein thin metal is rolled and rolls up as the stainless steel foil continuous feed in the bath that contains gold solution, makes it be applied by thin gold layer.Formed gold plating is become to be grouped into other by proof gold, and described other composition accounts for the 0.01wt% that is less than of coating.Then gold plating is dry on described paper tinsel, put into subsequently stove, and stand annealing conditions.
Annealing process is preferably carried out in dry oxygen-free atmosphere, to prevent stainless thermooxidizing and to prevent from forming ferriferous oxide and chromated oxide.Described coating is preferably annealed in argon atmospher, but hydrogen and other rare gas elementes (not comprising nitrogen) also are suitable for.This coating also can be annealed under vacuum condition.This coating is preferably the temperature of about 200 ℃-500 ℃, and more preferably at the annealing temperature of about 250 ℃-300 ℃.Should be noted that and start recrystallization in coating at the temperature higher than 400 ℃.At 500 ℃ or higher temperature, this gold plating may form alloy with stainless steel substrate.Although alloying provides gold plating to stainless good adhesion, if the deep surface alloying occurs for example when the annealing temperature higher than 600 ℃, may reduce contact resistance.
After annealing process, the paper tinsel applied through gold can be used routine techniques for example to use punch die punching press (stamp) to one or two surface of bipolar plates.Selectively, the paper tinsel applied through gold can directly be stamped on bipolar plates after plating, subsequently described sheetpile is stacked in stove/baking box and annealing.
Referring now to Fig. 2 A and 2B,, illustrate the effect of annealing on gold plating.Fig. 2 A has shown after electroplating but before annealing, the scanning electronic microscope of the gold plating on bipolar plate of stainless steel (SEM) image.Can see, coatingsurface has many visible hole.Fig. 2 B is the SEM of same gold plating after annealing, and demonstrates the obvious reduction of porosity.Before annealing, porosity is about 15-20 volume %, and is reduced to and is less than about 1 volume % by annealing.It is about 15-22m-cm that gold plating through annealing on bipolar plates shows contact resistance
2.
Referring now to Fig. 3,, illustrated the sectional view of fuel cell module 20 according to embodiments of the present invention, it comprises the bipolar plates 10 that gold applies.This fuel cell module can be the part of above-mentioned fuel cell pack.Fuel cell 20 comprises gas diffusion layers, and it comprises anode side 22 and cathode side 24, and they separate by perfluoro sulfonic acid membrane 26 and anode and cathode catalyst layer 28 and 30 respectively. Catalyst layer 28 and 30 and film 26 define membrane electrode assembly (MEA).Diffusion layer 22 and 24 is porous layers, and it is provided for the input gas transmission is transmitted out from MEA to MEA and by water.Although the present invention is unlimited to any concrete reactant composition, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that this reactant typically comprises oxygen and hydrogen.
As shown, bipolar plates 10 contacts with the gas diffusion layers 22,24 on cathode side with the anode of fuel cell 20.The runner 32 of hydrogen gas reactant gas from bipolar plates flows out, and reacts with anode catalyst layer 28 with the dissociates hydrogen ion and produces free protons and electronics.Airflow (oxygen) from the runner 34 in bipolar plates reacts with proton and cathode catalyst layer 30, produces the water as final product, and it is desired because it does not have adverse influence to environment.
Be to be understood that and can use multiple conversion assembly structure, as long as this assembly adopts one or more bipolar plates 10 between the corresponding fuel cell 20 of some or all.
Bipolar plates typically defines the thickness of about 75-100 μ m according to embodiments of the present invention, and the thickness of erosion resistance gold plating is that about 3nm is to about 10nm.
With reference to its specific embodiments, describe the present invention in detail, but in the situation that do not break away from the defined scope of the invention of claims, various modification and variant can be arranged obviously.More specifically, although that aspects more of the present invention are defined herein as is preferred or particularly advantageous, can expect that the present invention need not be confined to these preferred aspects of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. the method for deposited gold coating on the bipolar plates for fuel cell, it comprises:
Bipolar plates with first and second surfaces base material is provided;
Deposited gold coating at least one surface of described base material; And
By the described gold plating annealing on described base material.
2. the process of claim 1 wherein that described gold plating is by electroplating deposition.
3. the process of claim 1 wherein that described gold plating is at the annealing temperature of about 200 ℃-500 ℃.
4. the process of claim 1 wherein that described gold plating is at the annealing temperature of about 250 ℃-300 ℃.
5. the process of claim 1 wherein that described coating anneals in dry oxygen-free atmosphere.
6. the process of claim 1 wherein that the thickness of the described gold plating through annealing is about 3nm-10nm.
7. the process of claim 1 wherein that the described gold plating through annealing comprises the nanoparticle that granularity is about 15-30nm.
8. the process of claim 1 wherein on described bipolar plates base material described through annealing gold plating exerting pressure and 1A/cm at 200psi
2current density the time show about 15 to about 22m Ω-cm
2contact resistance.
9. the process of claim 1 wherein that the porosity of the described gold plating through annealing is less than about 1 volume %.
10. for the bipolar plates of fuel cell, described bipolar plates comprises the gold plating through annealing thereon.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US13/493113 | 2012-06-11 | ||
| US13/493,113 US8778562B2 (en) | 2012-06-11 | 2012-06-11 | Method of depositing durable thin gold coating on fuel cell bipolar plates |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN103484910A true CN103484910A (en) | 2014-01-01 |
| CN103484910B CN103484910B (en) | 2016-06-22 |
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| CN201310229879.2A Active CN103484910B (en) | 2012-06-11 | 2013-06-09 | The method depositing the thin gold plating of durability on fuel battery double plates |
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| Country | Link |
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| US (1) | US8778562B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN103484910B (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102013209918B4 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105140544A (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2015-12-09 | 航天新长征电动汽车技术有限公司 | Metal bipolar plate and preparation method thereof |
| CN112593264A (en) * | 2020-11-17 | 2021-04-02 | 东风汽车集团有限公司 | Method for repairing surface coating of metal bipolar plate |
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| JP5694303B2 (en) * | 2009-06-01 | 2015-04-01 | ロイヤル・メルボルン・インスティテュート・オブ・テクノロジーＲｏｙａｌ Ｍｅｌｂｏｕｒｎｅ Ｉｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅ Ｏｆ Ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ | Electrodeposited nanostructure |
| US10003089B2 (en) | 2015-02-11 | 2018-06-19 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Multilayer coating for corrosion resistant metal bipolar plate for a PEMFC |
| US10135077B2 (en) | 2015-02-12 | 2018-11-20 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Corrosion resistant metal bipolar plate for a PEMFC including a radical scavenger |
| DE102016202372A1 (en) | 2016-02-17 | 2017-08-17 | Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg | Layer and layer system, as well as bipolar plate, fuel cell and electrolyzer |
| CN110178181B (en) * | 2017-01-23 | 2021-06-08 | 日东电工株式会社 | Wired circuit board and method for manufacturing same |
| DE102017118319A1 (en) | 2017-08-11 | 2019-02-14 | Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen | Coating and layer system, as well as bipolar plate, fuel cell and electrolyzer |
| DE102021130935A1 (en) | 2020-12-16 | 2022-06-23 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Layer and layer system, as well as electrically conductive plate and electrochemical cell |
| US20240047703A1 (en) | 2020-12-16 | 2024-02-08 | Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG | Layer and layer system and electrically conductive plate and electrochemical cell |
| EP4302345A1 (en) * | 2021-03-04 | 2024-01-10 | ZeroAvia, Inc. | Air-cooled proton-exchange membrane fuel cell capable of working with compressed gases, and fuel cells stack |
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- 2012-06-11 US US13/493,113 patent/US8778562B2/en active Active
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2013
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- 2013-06-09 CN CN201310229879.2A patent/CN103484910B/en active Active
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| US20080038619A1 (en) * | 2006-08-09 | 2008-02-14 | Daido Tokushuko Kabushiki Kaisha | Metallic bipolar plate for fuel cells,and fuel cell comprising the same |
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| CN101656319A (en) * | 2008-08-08 | 2010-02-24 | 通用汽车环球科技运作公司 | Electrochemical deposition of conductive coatings on fuel cell bipolar plates |
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| CN105140544B (en) * | 2015-08-28 | 2018-08-03 | 航天新长征电动汽车技术有限公司 | A kind of metal double polar plates and preparation method thereof |
| CN112593264A (en) * | 2020-11-17 | 2021-04-02 | 东风汽车集团有限公司 | Method for repairing surface coating of metal bipolar plate |
| CN112593264B (en) * | 2020-11-17 | 2022-03-01 | 东风汽车集团有限公司 | Method for repairing surface coating of metal bipolar plate |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102013209918A1 (en) | 2013-12-12 |
| US20130330654A1 (en) | 2013-12-12 |
| CN103484910B (en) | 2016-06-22 |
| DE102013209918B4 (en) | 2021-06-10 |
| US8778562B2 (en) | 2014-07-15 |
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