CN103472493A - Weak signal detecting circuit used for gravity gradient measurement - Google Patents
Weak signal detecting circuit used for gravity gradient measurement Download PDFInfo
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- CN103472493A CN103472493A CN2013104037208A CN201310403720A CN103472493A CN 103472493 A CN103472493 A CN 103472493A CN 2013104037208 A CN2013104037208 A CN 2013104037208A CN 201310403720 A CN201310403720 A CN 201310403720A CN 103472493 A CN103472493 A CN 103472493A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a weak signal detecting circuit used for gravity gradient measurement. The weak signal detecting circuit is composed of four I/V conversion circuits, two primary amplifying circuits, a secondary amplifying circuit, a trap circuit, a band pass filtering circuit, a phase-sensitive detecting circuit and a low-pass filtering circuit. The weal signal detecting circuit is simple in structure. Due to the fact that gravity gradient tensors are only contained in secondary harmonic sine wave modulating signals, the detecting circuit mainly eliminates direct-current components, primary harmonic sine wave components, other higher harmonics and radon noise, and detects gradient tensor signals from ultra-weak secondary harmonic signals. The weak signal detecting circuit greatly restrains primary harmonic modulating signals, fully amplifies the secondary harmonic modulating signals, prevents the primary harmonic modulating signals from generating dynamic distortion, realizes accurate measurement of the secondary harmonic modulating signals and is high in detecting resolution ratio.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of Weak Signal Detecting Circuit, particularly a kind of Weak Signal Detecting Circuit for gradiometry, belong to signal detection technique.
Background technology
The gravity field data is obtained needs to rely on the gravimetry instrument to realize, the gravity field observation data of obtaining by the gravimetry instrument, can be widely used in a plurality of fields such as metrology, geodetic surveying, geophysics, geodynamics, space science, hazard prediction, Marine Sciences.Because the gravity gradient signal is modulated on lower frequency, and Gravity Gradient Sensor output signal strength very faint (can reach the pA level), two multiple-frequency modulation signals useful in the gravity gradiometer sensor output signal are buried in DC component, a multiple-frequency modulation component of signal and noise component, and signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) can be greater than 120dB.And the difference on the frequency between a multiple-frequency modulation signal and two multiple-frequency modulation signals is very little.One frequency multiplication sinewave modulation signal may produce two double-frequency distortions by testing circuit the time, for two tested multiple-frequency modulation signals, is co-channel interference signals, on the accurate measurement of two multiple-frequency modulation signals, can produce great impact.Two multiple-frequency modulation signal frequencies are very low, cause the 1/f noise of semiconductor devices remarkable, and therefore will overcome 1/f noise has brought difficulty to measurement.The method for detecting weak signals such as the coherent detection adopted in testing circuit and filtering, because the response time of measuring system can not be oversize, the ability that makes these methods suppress Noise and Interference is restricted.Existing instrument can not, directly to ultra-low frequency Detection of Weak Signals, therefore need special-purpose Weak Signal Detecting Circuit to detect the gradient information in the gravity gradiometer sensor output signal.
Summary of the invention
Technology of the present invention is dealt with problems and is: overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, a kind of Weak Signal Detecting Circuit for gradiometry is provided, this circuit structure is simple, and detection resolution is high.
By I/V change, zero-bit deduction circuit, amplifying circuit, trap circuit, band-pass circuit, phase-sensitive detection circuit and low-pass filter circuit, realize the detection to gradient tensor information in the gravity gradiometer sensor output signal.
Technical solution of the present invention is: a kind of Weak Signal Detecting Circuit for gradiometry, four accelerometers are installed on gravity gradiometer, every two accelerometers form one group, every group of symmetrical installation of accelerometer, by four I/V change-over circuits, two one-level amplifying circuits, second amplifying circuit, trap circuit, bandwidth-limited circuit, phase-sensitive detection circuit and low-pass filter circuit form, four road current signals of four accelerometer generations convert four road voltage signals to through four I/V change-over circuits respectively, the two-way voltage signal of every group of accelerometer conversion amplifies and processes a multiple-frequency modulation signal anti-for the offset voltage signal Semi-polarity through an one-level amplifying circuit respectively, and two multiple-frequency modulation signals of same polarity are carried out to the addition amplification, second amplifying circuit carries out the addition amplification to the voltage signal of two one-level amplifying circuit outputs, voltage signal after trap circuit amplifies second amplifying circuit carries out a frequency-doubled signal inhibition and again deducts a residual multiple-frequency modulation signal, bandwidth-limited circuit carries out bandpass filtering to the voltage signal of trap circuit output, voltage signal after bandpass filtering is undertaken obtaining the gradient tensor voltage signal finally by crossing the low-pass filtering circuit filtering after phase sensitive detection by phase-sensitive detection circuit.
The I/V change-over circuit is by anti-phase ratio amplifying circuit, integrating circuit, voltage follower circuit and resistance R
fform, wherein the first operational amplifier A
1with resistance R
f, capacitor C
oform anti-phase ratio amplifying circuit and realize the conversion of current signal to voltage signal, resistance R
f, capacitor C
obe connected on the first operational amplifier A after parallel connection
1reverse input and output side between, the second operational amplifier A
2, resistance R
1form integrating circuit with capacitor C, capacitor C is connected on the second operational amplifier A
2reverse input end and output terminal between, resistance R
1be connected on the first operational amplifier A
1output terminal and the second operational amplifier A
2reverse input end between, the 3rd operational amplifier A
3, resistance R
2and resistance R
3form voltage follower, resistance R
2be connected on the second operational amplifier A
2output terminal and the 3rd operational amplifier A
3reverse input end between, resistance R
3be connected on the 3rd operational amplifier A
3reverse input end and output terminal between, the 3rd operational amplifier A
3output terminal and input current between connecting resistance R
f, the first operational amplifier A
1, the second operational amplifier A
2with the 3rd operational amplifier A
3positive input ground connection.
Bandwidth-limited circuit is by four operational amplifier A
4, A
5, A
6, A
7, 8 resistance R
4, R
5, R
6, R
7, R
8, R
9, R
10, R
11with two capacitor C
1, C
2form resistance R
4the output of a termination trap circuit, another termination four-operational amplifier A
4reverse input end, resistance R
5be connected on four-operational amplifier A
4output terminal and reverse input end between, four-operational amplifier A
4output terminal connecting resistance R successively
6, R
7form the output of band-pass circuit, the 6th operational amplifier A
6positive input be connected on resistance R
6, R
7between, resistance R
9be connected on the 6th operational amplifier A
6reverse input end and output terminal between, resistance R
8be connected on the 5th operational amplifier A
5reverse input end and the 6th operational amplifier A
6output terminal between, resistance R
10be connected on the 6th operational amplifier A
6reverse input end and the 7th operational amplifier A
7output terminal between, capacitor C
2be connected on the 5th operational amplifier A
5reverse input end and output terminal between, the 5th operational amplifier A
5output terminal connecting resistance R
7output terminal, capacitor C
1be connected on the 7th operational amplifier A
7reverse input end and output terminal between, resistance R
11be connected on the 7th operational amplifier A
7reverse input end and the 5th operational amplifier A
5output terminal between, operational amplifier A
4, A
5, A
7positive input ground connection.
Trap circuit is comprised of operational amplification circuit A8, resistance R 12, R13, R14 and band-pass circuit claimed in claim 3, resistance R 14 is connected between the output terminal and reverse input end of operational amplification circuit A8, resistance R 13 and band-pass circuit series connection are between the output terminal and reverse input end of operational amplification circuit A8, the output of one termination second amplifying circuit of resistance R 12, the reverse input end of another termination operational amplification circuit A8, the output of operational amplification circuit A8 is as the output of trap circuit.
The present invention's beneficial effect compared with prior art is: the present invention is comprised of four I/V change-over circuits, two one-level amplifying circuits, second amplifying circuit, trap circuit, bandwidth-limited circuit, phase-sensitive detection circuit and low-pass filter circuits, and circuit structure is simple.The present invention comprises a multiple-frequency modulation signal by four, two multiple-frequency modulation signals, the current input signal of direct current biasing signal and noise becomes voltage signal and amplifies 50000 times by four I/V change-over circuit after-current signals, the direct current biasing component is deducted simultaneously, A, in B road voltage signal input first order inverting amplifier, A wherein, a multiple-frequency modulation signal polarity in the B road is contrary, by a multiple-frequency modulation signal subtraction after first order amplifier, two multiple-frequency modulation signal polarities are identical, amplify 10 times by phase adduction after first order amplifier, signal polarity after the two-way one-level is amplified is identical, pass in the secondary see-saw circuit and sue for peace and amplify 2 times, signal after secondary amplifies passes in a trap circuit, filtering a remaining multiple-frequency modulation signal amplify 10 times of two useful multiple-frequency modulation signals in the signal, signal after trap passes in bandwidth-limited circuit, make two multiple-frequency modulation signals by and amplify 10 times, other frequency signals and noise filtering, thereby suppressed greatly a multiple-frequency modulation signal, two multiple-frequency modulation signals have fully been amplified, avoid a multiple-frequency modulation signal to produce dynamic distortion simultaneously, realized the accurate measurement to two multiple-frequency modulation signals, detection resolution is high.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the gravity gradiometer scheme of installation;
The theory diagram that Fig. 2 is testing circuit of the present invention;
The theory of constitution figure that Fig. 3 is I/V conversion circuit of the present invention;
The theory of constitution figure that Fig. 4 is bandwidth-limited circuit of the present invention;
The theory of constitution figure that Fig. 5 is trap circuit of the present invention.
Embodiment
According to the gravity gradiometer principle, introduce in detail the feeble signal principle of work and how to realize gradient information in the gravity gradiometer sensor output signal is extracted.Rotary accelerometer formula gravity gradiometer structure diagram as shown in Figure 1, in Fig. 1, four add table and are separated by successively 90 ° and are arranged on the rotating mechanism disk, add table responsive to acceleration signal flow into respectively in Weak Signal Detecting Circuit, testing circuit is processed the input signal of four Lu Jiabiao, and then obtains gradient signal.As shown in Figure 2, the present invention is by four I/V change-over circuits, two one-level amplifying circuits, second amplifying circuit, trap circuit, bandwidth-limited circuit, phase-sensitive detection circuit and low-pass filter circuit form, four road current signals of four accelerometer generations convert four road voltage signals to through four I/V change-over circuits respectively, the two-way voltage signal of every group of accelerometer conversion amplifies and processes a multiple-frequency modulation signal anti-for the offset voltage signal Semi-polarity through an one-level amplifying circuit respectively, and two multiple-frequency modulation signals of same polarity are carried out to the addition amplification, second amplifying circuit carries out the addition amplification to the voltage signal of two one-level amplifying circuit outputs, voltage signal after trap circuit amplifies second amplifying circuit carries out a frequency-doubled signal inhibition and again deducts a residual multiple-frequency modulation signal, bandwidth-limited circuit carries out bandpass filtering to the voltage signal of trap circuit output, voltage signal after bandpass filtering is undertaken obtaining the gradient tensor voltage signal finally by crossing the low-pass filtering circuit filtering after phase sensitive detection by phase-sensitive detection circuit.
Concrete principle is as follows: four accelerometers are installed on gravity gradiometer, and every two accelerometers form one group, every group of symmetrical installation of accelerometer, the I of circuit of the present invention
a, I
b, I
c, I
dfour road electric currents are input as four acceierometer sensor output signals of gravity gradiometer, and signal comprises that the amplitude of each component in a multiple-frequency modulation signal, two multiple-frequency modulation signals, direct current biasing signal and noise ，Mei road signal is identical, phase place is different.Four current input signals become voltage signal and amplify 50000 times by four I/V change-over circuit after-current signals, and the direct current biasing component is deducted simultaneously; In A, B road voltage signal input first order inverting amplifier, wherein the multiple-frequency modulation signal polarity in A, B road is contrary, by a multiple-frequency modulation signal subtraction after first order amplifier, two multiple-frequency modulation signal polarities are identical, by phase adduction after first order amplifier, amplify 10 times.C, the same A in D road, B road; Signal polarity after the two-way one-level is amplified is identical, passes in the secondary see-saw circuit and sues for peace and amplify 2 times; Signal after secondary amplifies passes in a trap circuit, and purpose is a multiple-frequency modulation signal remaining in filtered signal and amplifies 10 times of two useful multiple-frequency modulation signals; Signal after trap passes in bandwidth-limited circuit, purpose be make two multiple-frequency modulation signals by and amplify 10 times, other frequency signals and noise filtering; Signal after band is logical passes in phase-sensitive detection circuit, and the signal after phase sensitive detection passes in low-pass filter circuit, and final output signal is just the gravity gradient tensor signal.Because gravity gradient tensor only is contained in two frequency multiplication sinewave modulation signal, therefore this main circuit will be eliminated DC component, frequency multiplication component sine waves, other higher hamonic waves and random noise, from two extremely faint frequency-doubled signals, detects the gradient tensor signal.This circuit suppresses a multiple-frequency modulation signal greatly, amplifies two multiple-frequency modulation signals, effectively detects buried two frequency-doubled signal components in DC component, a frequency-doubled signal component.
As shown in Figure 3, the I/V change-over circuit is by anti-phase ratio amplifying circuit, integrating circuit, voltage follower circuit and resistance R
fform, wherein the first operational amplifier A
1with resistance R
f, capacitor C
oform anti-phase ratio amplifying circuit and realize the conversion of current signal to voltage signal, resistance R
f, capacitor C
obe connected on the first operational amplifier A after parallel connection
1reverse input and output side between, the second operational amplifier A
2, resistance R
1form integrating circuit with capacitor C, capacitor C is connected on the second operational amplifier A
2reverse input end and output terminal between, resistance R
1be connected on the first operational amplifier A
1output terminal and the second operational amplifier A
2reverse input end between, the 3rd operational amplifier A
3, resistance R
2and resistance R
3form voltage follower, resistance R
2be connected on the second operational amplifier A
2output terminal and the 3rd operational amplifier A
3reverse input end between, resistance R
3be connected on the 3rd operational amplifier A
3reverse input end and output terminal between, the 3rd operational amplifier A
3output terminal and input current between connecting resistance R
f, the first operational amplifier A
1, the second operational amplifier A
2with the 3rd operational amplifier A
3positive input ground connection.
As shown in Figure 4, bandwidth-limited circuit is by four operational amplifier A
4, A
5, A
6, A
7, 8 resistance R
4, R
5, R
6, R
7, R
8, R
9, R
10, R
11with two capacitor C
1, C
2form resistance R
4the output of a termination trap circuit, another termination four-operational amplifier A
4reverse input end, resistance R
5be connected on four-operational amplifier A
4output terminal and reverse input end between, four-operational amplifier A
4output terminal connecting resistance R successively
6, R
7form the output of band-pass circuit, the 6th operational amplifier A
6positive input be connected on resistance R
6, R
7between, resistance R
9be connected on the 6th operational amplifier A
6reverse input end and output terminal between, resistance R
8be connected on the 5th operational amplifier A
5reverse input end and the 6th operational amplifier A
6output terminal between, resistance R
10be connected on the 6th operational amplifier A
6reverse input end and the 7th operational amplifier A
7output terminal between, capacitor C
2be connected on the 5th operational amplifier A
5reverse input end and output terminal between, the 5th operational amplifier A
5output terminal connecting resistance R
7output terminal, capacitor C
1be connected on the 7th operational amplifier A
7reverse input end and output terminal between, resistance R
11be connected on the 7th operational amplifier A
7reverse input end and the 5th operational amplifier A
5output terminal between, operational amplifier A
4, A
5, A
7positive input ground connection.
As shown in Figure 5, trap circuit is comprised of operational amplification circuit A8, resistance R 12, R13, R14 and band-pass circuit, resistance R 14 is connected between the output terminal and reverse input end of operational amplification circuit A8, resistance R 13 and band-pass circuit series connection are between the output terminal and reverse input end of operational amplification circuit A8, the output of one termination second amplifying circuit of resistance R 12, the reverse input end of another termination operational amplification circuit A8, the output of operational amplification circuit A8 is as the output of trap circuit.
Below the testing circuit performance is specifically introduced:
One frequency multiplication electric current is suppressed to the measurement of ability: when the maximum 100 μ A of a multiple-frequency modulation current component, the testing circuit output voltage only has DC component, none harmonic value.Show that testing circuit has the ability of very strong inhibition one multiple-frequency modulation signal.
Direct current biasing is suppressed to the measurement of ability: when the direct current biasing component is 200 μ A to the maximum, Weak Signal Detecting Circuit plate output relevant voltage is folded to the electric current of input end 10
-11the A magnitude, show that testing circuit has the ability of very strong inhibition DC component.
Noise current is suppressed to the measurement of ability: when noise current is 1 μ A to the maximum, Weak Signal Detecting Circuit plate output relevant voltage is folded to the electric current of input end 10
-11the A magnitude, show that testing circuit has very strong inhibition noise ability.
Detectability to signal: when input current is 0.05nA/0.5Hz to the maximum, Weak Signal Detecting Circuit is output as 15mV, shows that Weak Signal Detecting Circuit can detect the low-frequency current signal that is better than 0.1nA.
The present invention not detailed description is known to the skilled person technology.
Claims (5)
1. the Weak Signal Detecting Circuit for gradiometry, four accelerometers are installed on gravity gradiometer, every two accelerometers form one group, every group of symmetrical installation of accelerometer, it is characterized in that: by four I/V change-over circuits, two one-level amplifying circuits, second amplifying circuit, trap circuit, bandwidth-limited circuit, phase-sensitive detection circuit and low-pass filter circuit form, four road current signals of four accelerometer generations convert four road voltage signals to through four I/V change-over circuits respectively, the two-way voltage signal of every group of accelerometer conversion amplifies and processes a multiple-frequency modulation signal anti-for the offset voltage signal Semi-polarity through an one-level amplifying circuit respectively, and two multiple-frequency modulation signals of same polarity are carried out to the addition amplification, second amplifying circuit carries out the addition amplification to the voltage signal of two one-level amplifying circuit outputs, voltage signal after trap circuit amplifies second amplifying circuit carries out a frequency-doubled signal inhibition and again deducts a residual multiple-frequency modulation signal, bandwidth-limited circuit carries out bandpass filtering to the voltage signal of trap circuit output, voltage signal after bandpass filtering is undertaken obtaining the gradient tensor voltage signal finally by crossing the low-pass filtering circuit filtering after phase sensitive detection by phase-sensitive detection circuit.
2. a kind of Weak Signal Detecting Circuit for gradiometry according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described I/V change-over circuit is by anti-phase ratio amplifying circuit, integrating circuit, voltage follower circuit and resistance R
fform, wherein the first operational amplifier A
1with resistance R
f, capacitor C
oform anti-phase ratio amplifying circuit and realize the conversion of current signal to voltage signal, resistance R
f, capacitor C
obe connected on the first operational amplifier A after parallel connection
1reverse input and output side between, the second operational amplifier A
2, resistance R
1form integrating circuit with capacitor C, capacitor C is connected on the second operational amplifier A
2reverse input end and output terminal between, resistance R
1be connected on the first operational amplifier A
1output terminal and the second operational amplifier A
2reverse input end between, the 3rd operational amplifier A
3, resistance R
2and resistance R
3form voltage follower, resistance R
2be connected on the second operational amplifier A
2output terminal and the 3rd operational amplifier A
3reverse input end between, resistance R
3be connected on the 3rd operational amplifier A
3reverse input end and output terminal between, the 3rd operational amplifier A
3output terminal and input current between connecting resistance R
f, the first operational amplifier A
1, the second operational amplifier A
2with the 3rd operational amplifier A
3positive input ground connection.
3. a kind of Weak Signal Detecting Circuit for gradiometry according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described bandwidth-limited circuit is by four operational amplifier A
4, A
5, A
6, A
7, 8 resistance R
4, R
5, R
6, R
7, R
8, R
9, R
10, R
11with two capacitor C
1, C
2form resistance R
4the output of a termination trap circuit, another termination four-operational amplifier A
4reverse input end, resistance R
5be connected on four-operational amplifier A
4output terminal and reverse input end between, four-operational amplifier A
4output terminal connecting resistance R successively
6, R
7form the output of band-pass circuit, the 6th operational amplifier A
6positive input be connected on resistance R
6, R
7between, resistance R
9be connected on the 6th operational amplifier A
6reverse input end and output terminal between, resistance R
8be connected on the 5th operational amplifier A
5reverse input end and the 6th operational amplifier A
6output terminal between, resistance R
10be connected on the 6th operational amplifier A
6reverse input end and the 7th operational amplifier A
7output terminal between, capacitor C
2be connected on the 5th operational amplifier A
5reverse input end and output terminal between, the 5th operational amplifier A
5output terminal connecting resistance R
7output terminal, capacitor C
1be connected on the 7th operational amplifier A
7reverse input end and output terminal between, resistance R
11be connected on the 7th operational amplifier A
7reverse input end and the 5th operational amplifier A
5output terminal between, operational amplifier A
4, A
5, A
7positive input ground connection.
4. a kind of Weak Signal Detecting Circuit for gradiometry according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described trap circuit is by operational amplification circuit A8, resistance R 12, R13, R14 and bandwidth-limited circuit claimed in claim 3 form, resistance R 14 is connected between the output terminal and reverse input end of operational amplification circuit A8, resistance R 13 and bandwidth-limited circuit series connection are between the output terminal and reverse input end of operational amplification circuit A8, the output of one termination second amplifying circuit of resistance R 12, the reverse input end of another termination operational amplification circuit A8, the output of operational amplification circuit A8 is as the output of trap circuit.
5. a kind of Weak Signal Detecting Circuit for gradiometry according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described one-level amplifying circuit and second amplifying circuit are see-saw circuit.
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| CN103792413A (en) * | 2014-01-28 | 2014-05-14 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | Multi-channel weak signal acquisition circuit |
| CN104453857A (en) * | 2014-11-02 | 2015-03-25 | 中国石油集团钻井工程技术研究院 | Method and device for dynamic measurement of well deflection and tool face angle under small inclination angle condition |
| CN104459826A (en) * | 2014-11-03 | 2015-03-25 | 东南大学 | Method for simulating gravity gradient signals of gravity gradient meters of rotating accelerometers |
| CN104570142A (en) * | 2015-01-05 | 2015-04-29 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七0七研究所 | Demodulation method of gravity gradient measuring signals of gravity gradiometer |
| CN104618033A (en) * | 2015-01-08 | 2015-05-13 | 东南大学 | Multi-layer self-adapting morphological filtering gravity signal noise inhibition method |
| CN107124179A (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2017-09-01 | 安康学院 | A kind of lock-in amplifier for detecting faint photo-signal |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103792413A (en) * | 2014-01-28 | 2014-05-14 | 中国海洋石油总公司 | Multi-channel weak signal acquisition circuit |
| CN104453857A (en) * | 2014-11-02 | 2015-03-25 | 中国石油集团钻井工程技术研究院 | Method and device for dynamic measurement of well deflection and tool face angle under small inclination angle condition |
| CN104453857B (en) * | 2014-11-02 | 2018-02-16 | 中国石油集团钻井工程技术研究院 | A kind of small hole deviation go into the well tiltedly and tool face azimuth dynamic measurement method and device |
| CN104459826A (en) * | 2014-11-03 | 2015-03-25 | 东南大学 | Method for simulating gravity gradient signals of gravity gradient meters of rotating accelerometers |
| CN104570142A (en) * | 2015-01-05 | 2015-04-29 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七0七研究所 | Demodulation method of gravity gradient measuring signals of gravity gradiometer |
| CN104570142B (en) * | 2015-01-05 | 2017-02-22 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七0七研究所 | Demodulation method of gravity gradient measuring signals of gravity gradiometer |
| CN104618033A (en) * | 2015-01-08 | 2015-05-13 | 东南大学 | Multi-layer self-adapting morphological filtering gravity signal noise inhibition method |
| CN104618033B (en) * | 2015-01-08 | 2015-09-09 | 东南大学 | A kind of multilayer self-adaptive harmonics detection gravitational cue noise suppressing method |
| CN107124179A (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2017-09-01 | 安康学院 | A kind of lock-in amplifier for detecting faint photo-signal |
| CN107124179B (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2024-02-27 | 安康学院 | Phase-locked amplifier for detecting weak photocurrent signal |
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