CN103470315A - 涡轮增压器涡轮端油气密封结构 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了涡轮增压器涡轮端油气密封结构,共三道油封;轴承为半浮动轴承,需要的轴承润滑油流量增大,通过在涡轮内气封圈前增加一块挡板,将大部分机油堵住而回流至回油腔中,形成第一道油封结构;第二道油封结构由挡板、内气封圈和甩油环组成,当少量机油流入第二道油封时,涡轮轴上的甩油环将油甩至挡板和汽封圈的壁面,靠重力回油至回油腔;第三道油封结构由汽封圈上环槽和主轴上一个甩油环组成,流入第三道油封的极少量机油,靠主轴上甩油环甩至气封圈上环槽壁面,靠重力回流至回油腔;新型油封结构解决半浮动轴承结构而引起的漏油技术问题。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及涡轮增压器,具体涉及涡轮增压器涡轮端油气密封结构。
背景技术
随着我国交通运输业的发展,内燃机负荷的增加,增压器的运用压比随之增高,增压器的轴承承载负荷也随之增大,需要采用新轴承结构,增加机油供用量。现有涡轮增压器的涡轮端油封在新的轴承结构下存在漏油现象,不满足高负荷轴承的密封要求。另随着压比增高,增压器转速增高,涡轮轮盘承受的应力也随之增大,现有的涡轮盘上由于有气密封结构而使涡轮盘的应力分布不佳。
如图1所示,现有涡轮增压器的涡轮端油封基本结构采用轴承为固定式,设有2道油封;
第一道油封,由涡轮端轴承座、气封圈和2个甩油环组成。
第二道油封,由气封圈上环槽和涡轮轴上一个甩油环组成。
机油经过轴承泄压后,进入第一道油封,大部分机油在第一道油封中靠重力流回回油腔,少量机油流经涡轮轴和气封圈之间间隙进入第二道油封,靠涡轮轴上甩油环甩至气封圈上环槽壁面,靠重力回流至回油腔。
气密封结构是:涡轮端气封是位于气封圈和涡轮盘形成的迷宫气封,主要作用是封住涡轮动叶片后的高温燃气,避免窜入油腔。
上述结构当轴承采用半浮动轴承的情况下上述结构,存在漏油的弊病。
发明内容
本发明为解决上述技术问题,提出一种针对采用半浮动轴承涡轮增压器涡轮端的油气密封结构。
为达到以上目的,通过以下技术方案实现的:
涡轮增压器涡轮端油气密封结构,包括:用于固定轴承的轴承壳体,通过轴承装配于轴承壳体内部且两端伸出于轴承壳体的涡轮轴和分别固定于涡轮轴两端的涡轮叶轮和压缩机叶轮;轴承采用半浮动轴承,且通过轴承座固定于轴承壳体内部;涡轮轴涡轮叶轮端与轴承壳体密封位置沿着涡轮轴中心轴线方向由内向外一次装配有挡板、内气封圈和外气封圈;
挡板套置于涡轮轴上,位于轴承座前端;
内气封圈套置装配于涡轮轴上,且与轴承壳体固定装配;内气封圈朝向挡板端面加工有环状凸起,且环状凸起与挡板紧靠;挡板与环状凸起固定装配;
内气封圈与涡轮轴接触表面加工有环槽;
涡轮轴位于内气封圈与挡板之间周向表面加工有至少一个甩油环;
外气封圈套置装配于涡轮轴上,位于内气封圈后方,且与内气封圈固定装配;涡轮轴位于环槽处周向表面至少加工有一个甩油环;
外气封圈与涡轮轴接触表面加工有气封齿;
内气封圈靠近挡板端面加工增容环槽;
采用上述技术方案的涡轮增压器涡轮端油气密封结构,共设有三道油封结构;由于新轴承为半浮动轴承,需要的轴承流量增大,故在原有结构中的涡轮气封圈(即内气封圈)前增加一块挡板,这样轴承座表面、挡板表面、涡轮轴周向表面和轴承壳体的内壁共同围成第一道油封腔(即第一道油封结构),通过此结构将大部分机油堵住而回流至回油腔(为现有技术中位于涡轮轴下方的回油腔)中,完成第一次油封;
第二道油封腔(第二道油封结构)由挡板表面、内气封圈和甩油环组成,当少量机油流入第二道油封时,涡轮轴上甩油环将油甩至挡板和内气封圈的壁面,靠重力回油至回油腔;
第三道油封腔(第三道油封结构),由内汽封圈上环槽和涡轮轴上甩油环组成,流入第三道油封腔的极少量机油,靠涡轮轴上甩油环甩至内气封圈上环槽壁面,靠重力回流至回油腔。
综上本发明提供一种针对采用半浮动轴承涡轮增压器涡轮端的油气密封结构,采用三道油封结构,并增加一个外汽封圈结构,将原位于涡轮轮盘的气封齿移至外气封圈上,原涡轮盘上的气封齿去掉。
新型气封结构的改进,使得经强度计算优化涡轮盘形状设计成等应力的涡轮盘而改善涡轮盘的应力状态,降低轮盘重量,满足高转速涡轮盘的受力要求。
本发明的优点在于:由于增加挡板结构而形成新的油封结构,增加油封效果,提高了增压器可靠性;新型气封结构有效改善和降低涡轮盘应力分布,提高了增压器的可靠性。
上述说明仅是本发明技术方案的概述,为了能够更清楚了解本发明的技术手段,而可依照说明书的内容予以实施,并且为了让本发明的上述和其他目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂,以下特举较佳实施例,并配合附图,详细说明如下。
附图说明
本发明共2幅附图,其中:
图1为现有涡轮增压器的涡轮端油封基本结构剖面结构示意图。
图2为本发明的剖面结构示意图。
图中:1、轴承壳体,2、轴承,3、涡轮轴、4、轴承座,5、挡板,6、内气封圈,7、外气封圈,8、环槽,9、甩油环,10、气封齿,11、增容环槽,A、第一道油封腔,B、第二道油封腔,C、第三道油封腔。
具体实施方式
如图2所示的涡轮增压器涡轮端油气密封结构,包括:用于固定轴承的轴承壳体1,通过轴承2装配于轴承壳体1内部且两端伸出于轴承壳体1的涡轮轴3和分别固定于涡轮轴3两端的涡轮叶轮和压缩机叶轮;轴承2采用半浮动轴承,且通过轴承座4固定于轴承壳体1内部;涡轮轴3涡轮叶轮端与轴承壳体1密封位置沿着涡轮轴3中心轴线方向由内向外一次装配有挡板5、内气封圈6和外气封圈7;
挡板5套置于涡轮轴3上,位于轴承座4前端;
内气封圈6套置装配于涡轮轴3上,且与轴承壳体1固定装配;内气封圈6朝向挡板5端面加工有环状凸起,且环状凸起与挡板5紧靠;挡板5与环状凸起固定装配;
内气封圈6与涡轮轴3接触表面加工有环槽8;
涡轮轴3位于内气封圈6与挡板5之间周向表面加工有至少一个甩油环9;
外气封圈7套置装配于涡轮轴3上,位于内气封圈6后方,且与内气封圈6固定装配;涡轮轴3位于环槽8处周向表面至少加工有一个甩油环9;
外气封圈7与涡轮轴3接触表面加工有气封齿10;
采用上述技术方案的涡轮增压器涡轮端油气密封结构,共设有三道油封结构;由于新轴承为半浮动轴承,需要的轴承流量增大,故在原有结构中的涡轮气封圈(即内气封圈6)前增加一块挡板5,这样轴承座4表面、挡板5表面、涡轮轴3周向表面和轴承壳体1的内壁共同围成第一道油封腔A(即第一道油封结构),通过此结构将大部分机油堵住而回流至回油腔(为现有技术中位于涡轮轴下方的回油腔)中,完成第一次油封;
第二道油封腔B(第二道油封结构)由挡板5表面、内气封圈6和甩油环9组成,当少量机油流入第二道油封时,涡轮轴3上甩油环9将油甩至挡板5和内气封圈6的壁面,靠重力回油至回油腔;第二道油封腔B的容量可通过在内气封圈6靠近挡板5端面加工增容环槽11来实现,第二道油封腔B容量越大在此密封结构的回油效率越高;
第三道油封腔C(第三道油封结构),由内气封圈7上环槽8和涡轮轴3上甩油环9组成,流入第三道油封腔的极少量机油,靠涡轮轴上甩油环9甩至内气封圈6上环槽8壁面,靠重力回流至回油腔。
综上相对于现有涡轮增压器的涡轮端油封基本结构如图1所示,本发明提供一种针对采用半浮动轴承涡轮增压器涡轮端的油气密封结构如图2所示,设计三道油封结构,并增加一个外气封圈7结构,将原位于涡轮轮盘的气封齿10移至外气封圈7上,原涡轮盘上的气封齿去掉;新型气封结构的改进,使得经强度计算优化涡轮盘形状设计成等应力的涡轮盘而改善涡轮盘的应力状态,降低轮盘重量,满足高转速涡轮盘的受力要求。
本发明的优点在于:由于增加挡板结构而形成新的油封结构,增加油封效果,提高了增压器可靠性;新型气封结构有效改善和降低涡轮盘应力分布,提高了增压器的可靠性。
以上所述,仅是本发明的较佳实施例而已,并非对本发明作任何形式上的限制,虽然本发明已以较佳实施例揭露如上,然而并非用以限定本发明,任何熟悉本专业的技术人员在不脱离本发明技术方案范围内,当可利用上诉揭示的技术内容做出些许更动或修饰为等同变化的等效实施例,但凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容,依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所做的任何简单修改、等同变化与修饰,均仍属于本发明技术方案的范围内。
Claims (3)
1.涡轮增压器涡轮端油气密封结构,包括:用于固定轴承的轴承壳体(1),通过轴承(2)装配于轴承壳体(1)内部且两端伸出于轴承壳体(1)的涡轮轴(3)和分别固定于涡轮轴(3)两端的涡轮叶轮和压缩机叶轮;其特征在于:所述轴承(2)采用半浮动轴承,且通过轴承座(4)固定于轴承壳体(1)内部;所述涡轮轴(3)涡轮叶轮端与轴承壳体(1)密封位置沿着涡轮轴(3)中心轴线方向由内向外一次装配有挡板(5)、内气封圈(6)和外气封圈(7);
所述挡板(5)套置于涡轮轴(3)上,位于轴承座(4)前端;
所述内气封圈(6)套置装配于涡轮轴(3)上,且与轴承壳体(1)固定装配;所述内气封圈(6)朝向挡板(5)端面加工有环状凸起,且环状凸起与挡板(5)紧靠;所述挡板(5)与环状凸起固定装配;
所述内气封圈(6)与涡轮轴(3)接触表面加工有环槽(8);
所述涡轮轴(3)位于内气封圈(6)与挡板(5)之间周向表面加工有至少一个甩油环(9);
所述外气封圈(7)套置装配于涡轮轴(3)上,位于内气封圈(6)后方,且与内气封圈(6)固定装配;
所述外气封圈(7)与涡轮轴(3)接触表面加工有气封齿(10)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的涡轮增压器涡轮端油气密封结构,其特征在于:所述涡轮轴(3)位于环槽(8)处周向表面至少加工有一个甩油环(9)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的涡轮增压器涡轮端油气密封结构,其特征在于:所述内气封圈(6)靠近挡板(5)端面加工增容环槽(11)。
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CN108468573A (zh) * | 2018-05-16 | 2018-08-31 | 中车大连机车研究所有限公司 | 轴流式涡轮增压器双浮环推力轴承结构 |
CN113474537A (zh) * | 2018-12-24 | 2021-10-01 | 康明斯有限公司 | 压缩机密封系统 |
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CN113474537A (zh) * | 2018-12-24 | 2021-10-01 | 康明斯有限公司 | 压缩机密封系统 |
CN113474537B (zh) * | 2018-12-24 | 2024-03-08 | 康明斯有限公司 | 压缩机密封系统 |
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