CN103467759A - Preparation method of industrial alkali lignin/polyvinyl alcohol cross-linked thin film - Google Patents
Preparation method of industrial alkali lignin/polyvinyl alcohol cross-linked thin film Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Alkali lignin is a main by-product of the papermaking industry of our country, and sever environmental pollution will be caused by direct discharge of alkali lignin. The invention discloses a preparation method of an industrial alkali lignin/polyvinyl alcohol cross-linked thin film, so as to increase utilization ratio of lignin, reduce environmental pollution and ease the resource crisis. The industrial alkali lignin/polyvinyl alcohol cross-linked thin film is prepared by following steps, industrial alkali lignin and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) are taken as raw materials, and are crosslinked by a cross-linking agent; and then the mixture is subjected to tape casting so as to obtain the alkali lignin/polyvinyl alcohol cross-linked thin film. An optimized preparation technology is obtained based on mechanical properties. The mechanical properties of the industrial alkali lignin/polyvinyl alcohol cross-linked thin film are better than that of industrial polyvinyl alcohol films; absorption rate on ultraviolet light is about 100%; and transmittance is reduced to a certain degree. Blending compatibility of alkali lignin and PVA is excellent; the surfaces of alkali lignin and polyvinyl alcohol thin films, which are prepared by blending or crosslinking, are smooth; and phase separation is not caused. Thermal stability of the industrial alkali lignin/PVA cross-linked thin film is increased. The industrial alkali lignin/PVA cross-linked thin film can be used as an excellent ultraviolet absorption material, and it is possible to develop a novel specific packaging material or mulching film.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention is a kind of high molecular film material prepared through formaldehyde crosslinking with industrial soda xylogen and polyvinyl alcohol.
Background technology:
The industrial soda xylogen is the Main By product of China's paper-making industry, and directly discharge can cause serious environmental pollution, and alkali lignin is the aromatic series renewable resources, and a large amount of discharges of pollutent are the significant wastage to resource.Therefore to the development and utilization of alkali lignin, not only can reduce the pollution to environment, also can alleviate crisis of resource, maintain Sustainable development.Xylogen be take phenylpropyl alcohol alkane as main structure body, the groups such as phenolic hydroxy group, alcoholic extract hydroxyl group, methoxyl group, carbonyl, aldehyde radical, ethylene linkage, can carry out the number of chemical reaction, and the ability that there is shield ultraviolet radiation because containing numerous aromatic rings, but, owing to not taking full advantage of, xylogen becomes the main organic pollutant of paper industry.Aspect the environmental protection resource takes full advantage of, taking full advantage of of xylogen seems particularly important.
The problems such as white pollution that cause for the conventional plastic mulch film, many
Developed country all drops into friendly, multi-functional, low-cost, the degradable plastic material of substantial contribution development environment and product.But all inevitably used as synthesized polymer materials such as polyethylene in traditional degradative plastics material, often be difficult to decompose in degradation process.Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a kind of water miscible synthesized polymer material, is also the known material that seldom can degrade by environmental microorganism, nontoxic to environment, can be widely used in spinning or thin-film material.Contain a large amount of hydroxyls on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) molecular chain, can be in molecule and intermolecular formation hydrogen bond, there is oxygen barrier, oil removal, every fragrance, wear resistance, chemical resistance etc., be a kind of water-soluble polymers with good machinery, physics and chemistry performance, occupy very important status in thin-film material.
China Luo Xue has just waited and has reported for work that to take sulfonated lignin and polyvinyl alcohol be raw material, adds appropriate borax, gelatin and dissolve the research that blend prepares composite membrane in the aqueous solution.Xylogen/PVA composite membrane mechanical property and water tolerance are reported.With the increase of lignosulfonic acid salts contg, film stretching intensity first increases and then decreases, and extension at break takes the lead in reducing rear increase.The foreign scholar has also carried out a large amount of reports to xylogen and the compound matrix material for preparing of polymer.KadLa has reported that leaf wood vitriol xylogen melt extrudes respectively the blend situation of material with PEO, POT, PVA, PP.He proposes xylogen and easily mixes with PEO and PET, with PVA and PP, is difficult for mixing.But do not carry out deep explanation for xylogen with the situation of mixing of PVA.Mohanty etc. prepare matrix material by poly butylene succinate (PBS) and xylogen melt blending, and stretching and bending property all are improved.Only below to use xylogen as filler in macromolecular material or prepare film with the sulfonated lignin of solubility.But have not been reported for directly utilizing the industrial soda xylogen to prepare thin-film material.The industrial soda xylogen contains multiple functional group, take hydroxyl, carbonyl, carboxyl as main, can carry out the number of chemical reaction.In order to improve the mechanical property of material, the intermiscibility of xylogen and PVA, this paper be take formaldehyde as linking agent, and aldolization occurs in industrial soda xylogen and PVA, prepares thin-film material.This thin-film material has biological degradability, in agricultural and packaging field, huge using value is arranged.Xylogen and thermoplasticity is natural polymer blended, be expected to develop a kind of new exclusive wrapping material and covering with plastic film.
Summary of the invention:
The present invention is a kind of novel thin film through crosslinked preparation with industrial soda xylogen and polyvinyl alcohol.
By the industrial soda xylogen, after certain density alkali lye dissolves, spraying drying, obtain refining alkali lignin after filtering.Take appropriate polyvinyl alcohol and alkali lignin, join in there-necked flask, then add appropriate distilled water, stir for some time under the certain rotating speed of certain temperature after, add linking agent, after the reaction certain hour, stop stirring.Solution is cooled to room temperature, through vacuum defoamation, and casting film-forming on sheet glass then.
The performance of thin-film material of the present invention:
Under the meta-alkali condition, utilize the xylogen energy water-soluble, adopt casting filming therapy, the natural drying at room temperature film forming.Alkali lignin/PVA reactive film surface is more smooth.
Measured film thickness, mechanics performance determining, optical property mensuration etc. are carried out in strict accordance with national standard.Fine by Electronic Speculum picture alkali lignin and PVA comixing compatibility.No matter be blend or crosslinked, film surface is all very smooth.But, after formaldehyde crosslinking, because molecular weight of material in film is large, in drying process, in film lower surface deposition, the section performance is coarse.Hydroxyl in alkali lignin and the hydroxyl in PVA are through the crosslinked chemical reaction that occurred.No matter be blend or crosslinked, xylogen add the thermostability that has all increased film.The second-order transition temperature of film (Tg) reduces.Xylogen add the crystallinity that has reduced the PVA film.After adding alkali lignin, film has improved nearly 90% in the absorbancy of ultraviolet region, in the transmitance of visible region, has reduced closely 40%, and alkali lignin is larger on absorbancy and the transmitance impact of film; The amount of linking agent increases the visible region transmitance and increases to some extent, but linking agent is little in the variation of ultraviolet region absorbancy to film, and the ultraviolet radiation absorption of film is mainly the impact that is subject to alkali lignin.Alkali lignin/PVA reaction film can be used as good uv-absorbing material.
the accompanying drawing explanation:
Fig. 1 is the process flow sheet for preparing film;
Fig. 2 is the shape appearance figure of pure PVA film and alkali lignin/PVA crosslinked film;
Fig. 3 is the transmitance figure directly perceived of pure PVA film and alkali lignin/PVA crosslinked film;
Fig. 4 is (1) pure PVA film, (2) blend film, (3) crosslinked film plane (P) and section (F) scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph.
embodiment
Embodiment 1:
The industrial soda xylogen dissolves a certain amount of rugose wood element with the NaOH solution of 0.1moL/L, stir 2h under stirrer after, use whizzer centrifugal, gained liquid is after one deck filter-cloth filtering, dry with the spray-drier Direct spraying, the gained pressed powder is the required alkali lignin of experiment.
Take 8gPVA and the 2g alkali lignin joins in there-necked flask, and add 195g water, at 90 ℃ of heating in water bath, stir 50min.Then add the formaldehyde 2mL of massfraction 37%~40%, carry out crosslinking reaction 30min.Stir and finish vacuum defoamation under rear room temperature, casting film-forming on sheet glass.Natural drying at room temperature, make required film.Slightly, after cooling, through vacuum defoamation, be poured on sheet glass, and then by scraper striking film forming, then, after seasoning, take off film, make alkali lignin/PVA film.
The tensile property elongation at break 267.10% of film, tensile strength 42.60MPa, oxygen gas permeability amount 12.60 * 10
-5cm
3/ m
2dPa, carbonic acid gas Air permenbility 7.24 * 10
-5cm
3/ m
2dPa.
Embodiment 2:
Take 7gPVA and the 3g alkali lignin joins in there-necked flask, and add 195g water, at 90 ℃ of heating in water bath, stir 50min.Then add the formaldehyde 2mL of massfraction 37%~40%, carry out crosslinking reaction 30min.Stir and finish vacuum defoamation under rear room temperature, casting film-forming on sheet glass.Natural drying at room temperature, make required film.Slightly, after cooling, through vacuum defoamation, be poured on sheet glass, and then by scraper striking film forming, then, after seasoning, take off film, make alkali lignin/PVA film altogether.
The tensile property elongation at break 182.26% of film, tensile strength 32.62MPa, oxygen gas permeability amount 15.80 * 10
-5cm
3/ m
2dPa, carbonic acid gas Air permenbility 11.40 * 10
-5cm
3/ m
2dPa.
Embodiment 3:
Take 6gPVA and the 4g alkali lignin joins in there-necked flask, and add 195g water, at 90 ℃ of heating in water bath, stir 50min.Then add the formaldehyde 2mL of massfraction 37%~40%, carry out crosslinking reaction 30min.Stir and finish vacuum defoamation under rear room temperature, casting film-forming on sheet glass.Natural drying at room temperature, make required film.Slightly, after cooling, through vacuum defoamation, be poured on sheet glass, and then by scraper striking film forming, then, after seasoning, take off film, make alkali lignin/PVA film.
The tensile property elongation at break 158.38% of film, tensile strength 25.93MPa, oxygen gas permeability amount 13.1 * 10
-5cm
3/ m
2dPa, carbonic acid gas Air permenbility 9.35 * 10
-5cm
3/ m
2dPa.
Embodiment 4:
Take 5gPVA and the 5g alkali lignin joins in there-necked flask, and add 195g water, at 90 ℃ of heating in water bath, stir 50min.Then add the formaldehyde 2mL of massfraction 37%~40%, carry out crosslinking reaction 30min.Stir and finish vacuum defoamation under rear room temperature, casting film-forming on sheet glass.Natural drying at room temperature, make required film.Slightly, after cooling, through vacuum defoamation, be poured on sheet glass, and then by scraper striking film forming, then, after seasoning, take off film, make alkali lignin/PVA film.
The tensile property elongation at break 46.70% of film, tensile strength 19.60MPa, oxygen gas permeability amount 10.9 * 10
-5cm
3/ m
2dPa, carbonic acid gas Air permenbility 7.14 * 10
-5cm
3/ m
2dPa.
Embodiment 5:
Take 10gPVA and the 0g alkali lignin joins in there-necked flask, and add 195g water, at 90 ℃ of heating in water bath, stir 50min.Then add the formaldehyde 2mL of massfraction 37%~40%, carry out crosslinking reaction 30min.Stir and finish vacuum defoamation under rear room temperature, casting film-forming on sheet glass.Natural drying at room temperature, make required film.Slightly, after cooling, through vacuum defoamation, be poured on sheet glass, and then by scraper striking film forming, then, after seasoning, take off film, make alkali lignin/PVA film.
The tensile property elongation at break 254.70% of film, tensile strength 46.01MPa, oxygen gas permeability amount 2.88 * 10
-5cm
3/ m
2dPa, carbonic acid gas Air permenbility 5.20 * 10
-5cm
3/ m
2dPa.
Embodiment 6:
Take 8gPVA and the 2g alkali lignin joins in there-necked flask, and add 195g water, at 90 ℃ of heating in water bath, stir 50min.Then add the formaldehyde 0mL of massfraction 37%~40%, carry out crosslinking reaction 30min.Stir and finish vacuum defoamation under rear room temperature, casting film-forming on sheet glass.Natural drying at room temperature, make required film.Slightly, after cooling, through vacuum defoamation, be poured on sheet glass, and then by scraper striking film forming, then, after seasoning, take off film, make alkali lignin/PVA film.
The tensile property elongation at break 240.32% of film, tensile strength 40.14MPa, oxygen gas permeability amount 4.52 * 10
-5cm
3/ m
2dPa, carbonic acid gas Air permenbility 1.79 * 10
-5cm
3/ m
2dPa.
Embodiment 7:
Take 8gPVA and the 2g alkali lignin joins in there-necked flask, and add 195g water, at 90 ℃ of heating in water bath, stir 50min.Then add the formaldehyde 1mL of massfraction 37%~40%, carry out crosslinking reaction 30min.Stir and finish vacuum defoamation under rear room temperature, casting film-forming on sheet glass.Natural drying at room temperature, make required film.Slightly, after cooling, through vacuum defoamation, be poured on sheet glass, and then by scraper striking film forming, then, after seasoning, take off film, make alkali lignin/PVA film.
The tensile property elongation at break 251.46% of film, tensile strength 41.18MPa, oxygen gas permeability amount 8.38 * 10
-5cm
3/ m
2dPa, carbonic acid gas Air permenbility 2.38 * 10
-5cm
3/ m
2dPa.
Embodiment 8:
Take 8gPVA and the 2g alkali lignin joins in there-necked flask, and add 195g water, at 90 ℃ of heating in water bath, stir 50min.Then add the formaldehyde 3mL of massfraction 37%~40%, carry out crosslinking reaction 30min.Stir and finish vacuum defoamation under rear room temperature, casting film-forming on sheet glass.Natural drying at room temperature, make required film.Slightly, after cooling, through vacuum defoamation, be poured on sheet glass, and then by scraper striking film forming, then, after seasoning, take off film, make alkali lignin/PVA film.
The tensile property elongation at break 226.34% of film, tensile strength 39.58MPa, oxygen gas permeability amount 8.78 * 10
-5cm
3/ m
2dPa, carbonic acid gas Air permenbility 5.27 * 10
-5cm
3/ m
2dPa.
Embodiment 9:
Take 8gPVA and the 2g alkali lignin joins in there-necked flask, and add 195g water, at 90 ℃ of heating in water bath, stir 50min.Then add the formaldehyde 4mL of massfraction 37%~40%, carry out crosslinking reaction 30min.Stir and finish vacuum defoamation under rear room temperature, casting film-forming on sheet glass.Natural drying at room temperature, make required film.Slightly, after cooling, through vacuum defoamation, be poured on sheet glass, and then by scraper striking film forming, then, after seasoning, take off film, make alkali lignin/PVA film.
The tensile property elongation at break 227.06% of film, tensile strength 39.53MPa, oxygen gas permeability amount 5.38 * 10
-5cm
3/ m
2dPa, carbonic acid gas Air permenbility 2.39 * 10
-5cm
3/ m
2dPa.
Embodiment 10:
Take 8gPVA and the 2g alkali lignin joins in there-necked flask, and add 195g water, regulating pH value with acid or alkali is 5, at 90 ℃ of heating in water bath stirring 50min.Then add the formaldehyde 2mL of massfraction 37%~40%, carry out crosslinking reaction 40min, stir and finish vacuum defoamation under rear room temperature, casting film-forming on sheet glass.Natural drying at room temperature, make required film.Slightly, after cooling, through vacuum defoamation, be poured on sheet glass, and then by scraper striking film forming, then, after seasoning, take off film, make alkali lignin/PVA film.
The tensile property elongation at break 181.37% of film, tensile strength 42.98MPa, oxygen gas permeability amount 7.16 * 10
-5cm
3/ m
2dPa, carbonic acid gas Air permenbility 1.64 * 10
-5cm
3/ m
2dPa.
Embodiment 11:
Take 8gPVA and the 2g alkali lignin joins in there-necked flask, and add 195g water, regulating pH value with acid or alkali is 7, at 90 ℃ of heating in water bath stirring 50min.Then add the formaldehyde 2mL of massfraction 37%~40%, carry out crosslinking reaction 40min, stir and finish vacuum defoamation under rear room temperature, casting film-forming on sheet glass.Natural drying at room temperature, make required film.Slightly, after cooling, through vacuum defoamation, be poured on sheet glass, and then by scraper striking film forming, then, after seasoning, take off film, make alkali lignin/PVA film.
The tensile property elongation at break 193.04% of film, tensile strength 49.28MPa, oxygen gas permeability amount 16.9 * 10
-5cm
3/ m
2dPa, carbonic acid gas Air permenbility 8.98 * 10
-5cm
3/ m
2dPa.
Embodiment 12:
Take 8gPVA and the 2g alkali lignin joins in there-necked flask, and add 195g water, regulating pH value with acid or alkali is 8, at 90 ℃ of heating in water bath stirring 50min.Then add the formaldehyde 2mL of massfraction 37%~40%, carry out crosslinking reaction 40min, stir and finish vacuum defoamation under rear room temperature, casting film-forming on sheet glass.Natural drying at room temperature, make required film.Slightly, after cooling, through vacuum defoamation, be poured on sheet glass, and then by scraper striking film forming, then, after seasoning, take off film, make alkali lignin/PVA film.
The tensile property elongation at break 210.70% of film, tensile strength 46.79MPa, oxygen gas permeability amount 19.3 * 10
-5cm
3/ m
2dPa, carbonic acid gas Air permenbility 10.9 * 10
-5cm
3/ m
2dPa.
Embodiment 13:
Take 8gPVA and the 2g alkali lignin joins in there-necked flask, and add 195g water, regulating pH value with acid or alkali is 9, at 90 ℃ of heating in water bath stirring 50min.Then add the formaldehyde 2mL of massfraction 37%~40%, carry out crosslinking reaction 40min, stir and finish vacuum defoamation under rear room temperature, casting film-forming on sheet glass.Natural drying at room temperature, make required film.Slightly, after cooling, through vacuum defoamation, be poured on sheet glass, and then by scraper striking film forming, then, after seasoning, take off film, make alkali lignin/PVA film.
The tensile property elongation at break 241.28% of film, tensile strength 49.59MPa, oxygen gas permeability amount 14.5 * 10
-5cm
3/ m
2dPa, carbonic acid gas Air permenbility 5.85 * 10
-5cm
3/ m
2dPa.
Embodiment 15:
Take 8gPVA and the 2g alkali lignin joins in there-necked flask, and add 195g water, regulating pH value with acid or alkali is 10, at 90 ℃ of heating in water bath stirring 50min.Then add the formaldehyde 2mL of massfraction 37%~40%, carry out crosslinking reaction 40min, stir and finish vacuum defoamation under rear room temperature, casting film-forming on sheet glass.Natural drying at room temperature, make required film.Slightly, after cooling, through vacuum defoamation, be poured on sheet glass, and then by scraper striking film forming, then, after seasoning, take off film, make alkali lignin/PVA film.
The tensile property elongation at break 218.68% of film, tensile strength 44.32MPa, oxygen gas permeability amount 8.65 * 10
-5cm
3/ m
2dPa, carbonic acid gas Air permenbility 5.43 * 10
-5cm
3/ m
2dPa.
Embodiment 16:
Take 8gPVA and the 2g alkali lignin joins in there-necked flask, and add 195g water, regulating pH value with acid or alkali is 11, at 90 ℃ of heating in water bath stirring 50min.Then add the formaldehyde 2mL of massfraction 37%~40%, carry out crosslinking reaction 40min, stir and finish vacuum defoamation under rear room temperature, casting film-forming on sheet glass.Natural drying at room temperature, make required film.Slightly, after cooling, through vacuum defoamation, be poured on sheet glass, and then by scraper striking film forming, then, after seasoning, take off film, make alkali lignin/PVA film.
The tensile property elongation at break 210.28% of film, tensile strength 47.97MPa, oxygen gas permeability amount 7.88 * 10
-5cm
3/ m
2dPa, carbonic acid gas Air permenbility 0.94 * 10
-5cm
3/ m
2dPa.
Embodiment 17:
Measure the mechanical property of film according to national standard.Film absorbancy and transmitance measuring method, be cut into long 40mm by the film made, and the sample of wide 10mm, at moisture eliminator inner drying 2h, is then measured absorbancy and the transmitance of film with ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer.Ventilation property is by completing on pressure differential gas permeameter (VAC-VBS type) instrument.
Embodiment 18:
According to the GB13022-91 national standard, by the film clip long for 160mm, wide be the film batten of 20mm, distance between bench marks is from 60mm, rate of extension is 55mm/min.5, every group of sample, average.Reference standard GB/T2918-1998 carries out status adjustment.With range, be the thickness that the 0-25mm tolerance range electronic digital display micrometer that is 0.001mm is measured film, the thickness that the mean value of measuring 10 times in 10 different places of film is film.
Claims (4)
1. utilize industrial soda xylogen and polyvinyl alcohol to prepare crosslinked film, it is characterized in that described method: the PVAC polyvinylalcohol and the 1.0~5.0g solid alkali xylogen particle that take 6.0~10.0g are put in there-necked flask, the distilled water that adds 150~200mL, pH is 7~10.At 80~100 ℃ of heated and stirred 40~60min, then add the linking agent that accounts for amount of dry matter 5%~10%, stir 20~60min, solution process vacuum defoamation by being stirred, then be covered with casting film-forming on the sheet glass of plastic film, after drying at room temperature, take off film, make film.
2. alkali lignin and the polyvinyl alcohol of utilizing according to claim 1 prepares crosslinked film, it is characterized in that described alkali lignin is that industrial soda xylogen Direct spraying drying after impurity is removed in the alkali lye dissolving obtains the solid alkali xylogen.
3. alkali lignin and the polyvinyl alcohol of utilizing according to claim 1 prepares crosslinked film, it is characterized in that described polyvinyl alcohol is PVA1799 or PVA1788, PVA0588 or PVA2488, PVA2499.
4. alkali lignin and the polyvinyl alcohol of utilizing according to claim 1 prepares crosslinked film, it is characterized in that linking agent is one or more of formaldehyde or glutaraldehyde, boric acid, toxilic acid.
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