CN103465934A - Early warning method for railway rockfall - Google Patents
Early warning method for railway rockfall Download PDFInfo
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- CN103465934A CN103465934A CN2012105670354A CN201210567035A CN103465934A CN 103465934 A CN103465934 A CN 103465934A CN 2012105670354 A CN2012105670354 A CN 2012105670354A CN 201210567035 A CN201210567035 A CN 201210567035A CN 103465934 A CN103465934 A CN 103465934A
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Abstract
The invention relates to an early warning method for railway rockfall. The early warning method comprises the following steps of providing a fiber bragg grating generating strain along with rail vibration; acquiring an electric signal for reflecting wavelength variation of light reflected back from the fiber bragg grating by utilizing a fiber bragg grating demodulation instrument; acquiring the wavelength variation information of the light reflected back from the fiber bragg grating based on the electric signal; determining whether an alarm is sent out or not according to the wavelength variation information.
Description
The application is to be dividing an application of November 30, application number in 2009 are 200910238682.9, denomination of invention is " railway falling rocks forewarn system and railway falling rocks method for early warning " patent application the applying date
Technical field
The present invention relates to utilize railway falling rocks forewarn system and the railway falling rocks method for early warning of optical fiber grating.
Background technology
For the side slope of Along Railway, once collapse rock-fall occurs, will be to railway, at railway transportation production, safety management, efficiency of operation and economic benefit generation tremendous influence.Eliminate or reduce various risk factors and the degree thereof of collapse rock-fall, can play preventive effect to a certain extent, but can not fundamentally solve the threat that collapse rock-fall forms railway along the line.
Therefore, in reality, exist to the situation on rail fallen of collapse rock-fall carry out early warning in the urgent need to.Method commonly used has:
Electric measuring method, adopt strain resistor, and its precision is low, poor anti jamming capability, and the life-span is short, and on-the-spot the needs used power supply, and signal is difficult to long-distance transmissions, is not suitable for long term monitoring.
The GPS method, adopt global position system, and its field apparatus needs to safeguard, scene needs power supply, and special region can't be obtained signal, particularly can't record the STRESS VARIATION of geology inside, so can't be forecast landslide, as be carried out the multiple spot monitoring, this system cost costliness.
Image method, adopt the outdoor pick-up method, more directly perceived.But rain, mist and snow sky are difficult to identification, can not forecast, and scene needs power supply, and equipment is easily destroyed.
In the prior art, the sensor of measuring vibrations commonly used comprises acceleration pick-up, speed sensor and displacement pickup.But the sensor is all based on mechanical energy being converted to the principle of electric energy.While utilizing the vibration of the sensor sensing rail or sleeper, owing to there being the high tension supply that forms interference source near rail, therefore, there is the problem that survey precision is not high in above-mentioned electric transducer under the environment of highfield, high electric field.
And fiber-optic grating sensor has anti-electromagnetic interference, size little (the standard bare fibre is 125um), lightweight advantage.
Summary of the invention
Based on the problems referred to above, the present invention is proposed.
According to an aspect of the present invention, a kind of railway falling rocks forewarn system, comprise: the optical fiber grating vibration sensor parts, comprise base portion and the end freely be connected with described base portion, described base portion is rigidly connected on the rail or sleeper of railway, and described end is suitable for vibrating with the vibration of rail or sleeper; And optical fiber grating, the two ends of described optical fiber grating are connected on base portion and end, and are suitable for the vibration based on end and produce strain; The fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator device, the photoconduction that described fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator device sends light source is guided to described optical fiber grating, receives the light be reflected back from optical fiber grating, the electric signal of also exporting the wavelength variations that reflects that this light be reflected back is caused by strain; With the analysis warning device, thereby obtaining the light wavelength change information be reflected back from optical fiber grating, described analysis warning device determines whether to send the warning that there is fault in rail, wherein said wavelength variation information at least comprises that light wavelength changes amplitude.
Advantageously, described system also comprises base portion and the end freely be connected with described base portion, described base portion is rigidly connected on the rail or sleeper of railway, thereby described end is suitable for vibrating with the vibration of rail or sleeper, and the two ends of wherein said optical fiber grating are connected on base portion and end.Base portion can be connected to end by the vibration magnifying arm, and then described optical fiber grating is fixed on FBG strain gauge, and the two ends of described FBG strain gauge are separately fixed on base portion and end.
Advantageously, described optical fiber grating vibration sensor parts are a plurality of and arranged spaced apart successively along rail.
Further, thereby the photoconduction that optical cable will send from wideband light source is guided to each optical fiber grating cascaded fiber grating, and wherein each optical fiber grating reflects the light of corresponding wavelength scope in this light, and described corresponding wavelength scope does not overlap each other; And described fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator device receives the light be reflected back from each optical fiber grating and exports the electric signal of the variation of this light wavelength be reflected back of reflection.
Perhaps further, described optical fiber grating vibration sensor parts are divided into many groups, and every component is joined an optical cable, and described a plurality of optical fiber grating vibration sensor parts groups are arranged spaced apart successively along rail; Thereby the photoconduction that each root optical cable sends wideband light source is guided to the optical fiber grating that each optical fiber grating in a corresponding optical fiber grating vibration sensor parts group is connected in this group, wherein each optical fiber grating in every group reflects the light of corresponding wavelength scope in this light, and described corresponding wavelength scope does not overlap each other; And described fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator device receives the light be reflected back from each optical fiber grating and exports the electric signal of the variation of this light wavelength be reflected back of reflection.
Advantageously, described optical fiber grating vibration sensor parts are arranged on the below of rail.This also contributes to protect optical fiber grating.
Railway falling rocks forewarn system according to the present invention is simple in structure, dynamic response is good, sensitivity is good, resolution is strong, can measure the displacement that 0.01um is even more small, because itself possesses Characteristics of Fiber Bragg Gratings,, in optical fiber grating, the vibration signal of transmission of visible light can not be subject to the interference of railway peripheral electromagnetic field (for example by high tension cord produce), so can guarantee that under the environment of high potential, high-intensity magnetic field signal is undistorted and can normal transmission.
According to a further aspect in the invention, proposed railway falling rocks method for early warning, having comprised: step 1: the optical fiber grating that produces strain with rail vibration is provided; Step 2: utilize the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator device to obtain the electric signal that the light wavelength that is reflected back from described optical fiber grating of reflection changes; Step 3: obtain the light wavelength change information be reflected back from optical fiber grating based on described electric signal, wherein said wavelength variation information at least comprises that light wavelength changes amplitude; With step 4: determine whether to send warning based on this wavelength variation information.
Alternatively, step 1 comprises: base portion and the end freely be connected with described base portion are provided, described base portion is rigidly connected on the rail or sleeper of railway, thereby described end is suitable for vibrating with the vibration of rail or sleeper, and the two ends of described optical fiber grating are connected on base portion and end.Further, base portion is connected to end by the vibration magnifying arm, and described optical fiber grating is fixed on FBG strain gauge, and the two ends of described FBG strain gauge are separately fixed on base portion and end.
Alternatively, described optical fiber grating is single, and described step 4 comprises: when light wavelength changes amplitude and surpasses first threshold and get rid of the situation that train passes through, send the warning that rail breaks down.Wherein, in one of at least following situation, determine that train passes through: thereby light wavelength changes amplitude, increase gradually and meet or exceed first threshold; Light wavelength changes amplitude and periodically meet or exceed within a predetermined period of time first threshold after meeting or exceeding first threshold.
Perhaps alternatively, described optical fiber grating is single, and described step 4 comprises: change amplitude in light wavelength instantaneous over first threshold and after decaying fast, send near the warning of breaking down the rail at described optical fiber grating place.
Alternatively, a plurality of optical fiber gratings of described optical fiber grating for arranging successively along rail, described step 4 comprises: when the light wavelength that is reflected back from an optical fiber grating changes amplitude and surpasses first threshold and get rid of the situation that train passes through, send the warning that rail breaks down.Wherein, in one of at least following situation, determine that train passes through: thereby the light wavelength be reflected back from a described optical fiber grating changes amplitude, increase gradually and meet or exceed first threshold; The light wavelength be reflected back from a described optical fiber grating changes amplitude and periodically meet or exceed within a predetermined period of time first threshold after meeting or exceeding first threshold; After the light wavelength be reflected back at a plurality of optical fiber gratings in described optical fiber grating the place ahead on the train direct of travel changes amplitude and meets or exceeds first threshold successively, the light wavelength be reflected back from a described optical fiber grating changes amplitude and meets or exceeds first threshold; After the light wavelength variation amplitude be reflected back from a described optical fiber grating meets or exceeds first threshold, change amplitude from the light wavelength that a plurality of optical fiber gratings at a described optical fiber grating rear are reflected back on the train direct of travel and meet or exceed successively first threshold.
Or alternatively, a plurality of optical fiber gratings of described optical fiber grating for arranging successively along rail, described step 4 comprises: change in the light wavelength that is reflected back from an optical fiber grating that amplitude is instantaneous to be met or exceeded first threshold and fast decay, send the warning that rail breaks down.Advantageously, described method also comprises step 5: in the situation that send warning, determine that the light wavelength be reflected back changes the optical fiber grating of amplitude maximum, thereby indicate near the rail optical fiber grating definite at this to break down.Wherein step 5 can further comprise: determine that the light wavelength be reflected back changes second largest optical fiber grating of amplitude, break down with the rail between second largest optical fiber grating of the light wavelength variation amplitude be reflected back thereby indication changes the optical fiber grating of amplitude maximum in the light wavelength be reflected back.Can determine based on step 5 approximate location that rail breaks down.
Advantageously, described step 4 also comprises: in the situation that the light wavelength be reflected back from an optical fiber grating changes amplitude, do not reach first threshold, the light wavelength that is reflected back from a described optical fiber grating change amplitude and the wavelength variations amplitude that is reflected back from another optical fiber grating adjacent with a described optical fiber grating at least one instantaneously surpass Second Threshold of being less than first threshold and fast during decay, send the warning that rail breaks down.Advantageously, described method also comprises step 5: in the situation that send warning, determine that the light wavelength be reflected back changes the optical fiber grating of amplitude maximum, thereby near the rail of the indication optical fiber grating of the light wavelength variation amplitude maximum be reflected back breaks down.Wherein, step 5 may further include: determine that the light wavelength be reflected back changes second largest optical fiber grating of amplitude, break down with the rail between second largest optical fiber grating of the light wavelength variation amplitude be reflected back thereby indication changes the optical fiber grating of amplitude maximum in the light wavelength be reflected back.Can determine based on step 5 approximate location that rail breaks down.
According to railway falling rocks method for early warning of the present invention, dynamic response is good, sensitivity is good, resolution is strong, can measure the displacement that 0.01um is even more small, because itself possesses Characteristics of Fiber Bragg Gratings,, in optical fiber grating, the vibration signal of transmission of visible light can not be subject to the interference of railway peripheral electromagnetic field (for example by high tension cord produce), so can guarantee that under the environment of high potential, high-intensity magnetic field signal is undistorted and can normal transmission.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the vibrational structure of optical fiber grating vibration sensor parts according to an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 demonstration is fixed to the schematic diagram on the vibrational structure shown in Fig. 1 by FBG strain gauge;
Fig. 3 demonstration is installed to the schematic diagram on rail by the optical fiber grating vibration sensor parts shown in Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of modification of the vibrational structure of optical fiber grating vibration sensor parts of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram of another modification of the vibrational structure of optical fiber grating vibration sensor parts of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of railway falling rocks forewarn system of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the schematic diagram of an embodiment of railway falling rocks forewarn system of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the mode chart that utilizes railway falling rocks forewarn system of the present invention to obtain when larger stone is fallen on rail; With
Fig. 9 be when train by the time utilize railway falling rocks forewarn system of the present invention to obtain mode chart.
The specific embodiment
Below by embodiment, and by reference to the accompanying drawings, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail.In specification sheets, same or analogous drawing reference numeral is indicated same or analogous parts.Following with reference to accompanying drawing, the explanation to embodiment of the present invention is intended to present general inventive concept of the present invention is made an explanation, and not should be understood to a kind of restriction of the present invention.
The present invention is based on the application of optical fiber grating.Below at first describe according to optical fiber grating vibration sensor parts 10 of the present invention.
Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 show optical fiber grating vibration sensor parts 10 of the present invention.Particularly, Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the vibrational structure of optical fiber grating vibration sensor parts of the present invention; Fig. 2 demonstration is fixed to the schematic diagram on the vibrational structure shown in Fig. 1 by FBG strain gauge; Fig. 3 demonstration is installed to the schematic diagram on rail by the optical fiber grating vibration sensor parts shown in Fig. 2.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, optical fiber grating vibration sensor parts 10 comprise: base portion 1 and the end freely 2 be connected with base portion 1, and base portion 1 is rigidly connected on rail 5, thus end 2 is suitable for vibrating with the vibration of rail 5; And optical fiber grating, the two ends of optical fiber grating are connected on base portion 1 and end 2, and are suitable for producing strain with the vibration of end 2.But, optical fiber grating can be fixed on FBG strain gauge 4, and two ends 4a, the 4b of FBG strain gauge 4 are separately fixed on base portion 1 and end 2.FBG strain gauge 4 can be fixed on base portion 1 and end 2 by modes such as electric welding, adhesions.
It is pointed out that although following description is based on FBG strain gauge 4,, also go for optical fiber grating.
It should be noted that here fixing both can mean directly fixing also can mean indirectly fixing, as long as end 2 is suitable for vibrating with the vibration of rail 5.As shown in Figure 3, in the present embodiment, base portion 1 directly is rigidly fixed in rail 5, for detection of the vibration of rail 5.But, it should be noted that, base portion 1 also can be fixed on rail 5 indirectly by other intermediate.Base portion 1 also can be fixed on sleeper.
For convenience of explanation, as shown in Figure 1, the horizontal direction (or being called Width) that might as well to define directions X be optical fiber grating vibration sensor parts 10, the longitudinal direction that Y-direction is optical fiber grating vibration sensor parts 10 (or being called length direction), the short transverse that the Z direction is the optical fiber grating vibration sensor parts (or being called thickness direction).
As shown in Fig. 1-3, all right involving vibrations magnifying arm (or cantilever beam) 3 of optical fiber grating vibration sensor parts 10, base portion 1 is connected to end 2 by vibration magnifying arm 3.
Vibration magnifying arm 3 can be the equal strength strain beam.It is linear vibrating magnifying arm 3 distortion along the longitudinal direction, and in the case, the optical fiber in FBG strain gauge 4 produces linear deformation along the longitudinal direction.Vibration magnifying arm 3 can be designed to general triangular, the width that vibrates magnifying arm 32 reduces gradually from base portion 1 to end.Certainly, also vibration magnifying arm 3 can be designed to wedge shape, the thickness that vibrates magnifying arm 32 reduces gradually from base portion 1 to end.Certainly, also can design vibration magnifying arm 3 with any known technology, make it to have the character of equal strength strain beam.But, vibration magnifying arm 3 can not be also the equal strength strain beam.
In order to amplify the vibration of end 2, the upper surface 1a of base portion 1 and/or the upper surface 2a of described end 2 exceed the upper surface 3a of vibration magnifying arm 3, and two ends 4a, the 4b of FBG strain gauge 4 fix respectively or are attached to the upper surface 1a of base portion 1 and the upper surface 2a of end 2 goes up, as shown in Figure 2.Like this, the amplification based on end 2 vibrations, the reaction of FBG strain gauge 4 will be sensitiveer.
In this enforcement, end 2 can offer notch 2c inwardly, thereby the longitudinal cross-section of the integral piece that makes base portion 1, end 2 and vibration magnifying arm 3 form has and is
the opening of shape, certainly, the longitudinal cross-section of this integral piece also can have and be
the opening of shape.
This integral piece also can have different forms.As shown in Figure 4, end 2 is designed to solid mass, and does not have notch 2c inwardly.Thereby the longitudinal cross-section of the integral piece that makes base portion 1, end 2 and vibration magnifying arm 3 form has rectangular aperture.
Below take in Fig. 1-3 is the principle of work of example explanation according to optical fiber grating vibration sensor parts of the present invention: when rail 5 vibration, base portion 1 vibration, end 2 is vibration thereupon also, vibration magnifying arm 3 is under the effect of the end 2 as mass, produce forced vibration, vibration is amplified, thereby vibration magnifying arm 3 can produce a larger reciprocal tension and compression action to FBG strain gauge 4, thereby optical fiber grating produces strain, this makes the light wavelength by optical fiber grating change, pass through optical cable, this wavelength variations is reflected back to optical fiber grating demodulation instrument, change into electric signal, based on this electric signal, can be analyzed.
Optical fiber grating vibration sensor parts 10 of the present invention have high sensitivity.For example, traditional electric transducer is in the situation that add that amplifier can measure the order of magnitude of 10-6 power substantially, and the most basic wavelength variations of optical fiber grating sensing parts is the 10-9 power, is 1000 times of sensitivity of traditional electric transducer.Optical fiber grating vibration sensor parts 10 can be applied under the working environment of highfield electric field, and this is that electric transducer can not be compared.In addition, optical fiber grating vibration sensor parts temperature tolerance good (the operating temperature upper limit can reach 400 ℃-600 ℃), multiplexing capacity are strong.
Based on above-mentioned principle, the present invention proposes a kind of railway falling rocks forewarn system 100, and as shown in Figure 6, this system 100 comprises: above-mentioned optical fiber grating vibration sensor parts 10; Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator device 20, the photoconduction that fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator device 20 sends light source is guided to optical fiber grating, is received the light be reflected back from optical fiber grating, the electric signal of also exporting the wavelength variations that reflects that this light be reflected back is caused by strain; With analysis warning device 30, thereby obtaining the light wavelength change information be reflected back from optical fiber grating, analysis warning device 30 determines whether to send the warning that there is fault in rail 5, wherein said wavelength variation information at least comprises that light wavelength changes amplitude.Analyzing warning device 30 can be completed by computer system.
System 100 can only comprise optical fiber grating vibration sensor parts 10, also can comprise a plurality of for example, along the rail 5 optical fiber grating vibration sensor parts 10 of spaced apart (separating 50 meters) layout successively.
In the situation that a plurality of optical fiber grating vibration sensor parts 10 are set, as shown in Figure 7, thereby the photoconduction that can utilize an optical cable 21 to send from wideband light source is guided to each optical fiber grating cascaded fiber grating, wherein each optical fiber grating reflects the light of corresponding wavelength scope in this light, and described corresponding wavelength scope does not overlap each other; And fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator device 20 receives the light be reflected back from each optical fiber grating and exports the electric signal of the variation of this light wavelength be reflected back of reflection.
The quantity of optical fiber grating vibration sensor parts 10 that can series connection depends on scanning wavelength scope, number of channels, and the intensity of tested vibration signal of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator device 20,20 optical fiber grating vibration sensor parts 10 of general passage capable of being series connection, i.e. an optical cable 20 the optical fiber grating vibration sensor parts 10 of just can connecting.And the sensor of traditional electrical just need to have corresponding 20 cables.And, optical cable or Optical Fiber Transmission distance (the optical fiber grating vibration sensor parts can reach several kilometers to the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator device), like this, in material cost, in engineering construction, the present invention has obvious advantage.
In the situation that a plurality of optical fiber grating vibration sensor parts 10 are set, optical fiber grating vibration sensor parts 10 also can be divided into many groups, and every component is joined an optical cable 21, and a plurality of optical fiber grating vibration sensor parts groups are arranged spaced apart successively along rail 5; Thereby the photoconduction that each root optical cable 21 sends wideband light source is guided to the optical fiber grating that each optical fiber grating in a corresponding optical fiber grating vibration sensor parts group is connected in this group, wherein each optical fiber grating in every group reflects the light of corresponding wavelength scope in this light, and described corresponding wavelength scope does not overlap each other; And fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator device 20 receives the light be reflected back from each optical fiber grating and exports the electric signal of the variation of this light wavelength be reflected back of reflection.For example, optical fiber grating vibration sensor parts 10 are 60, and are divided into many groups, and for example 3 groups, 20 every group, optical cable is many, for example 3.The number and the packet count that it should be noted that optical fiber grating vibration sensor parts 10 are not limited to this.
Optical fiber grating vibration sensor parts 10 can be arranged on the below of rail 5 or sleeper, also can be arranged on other position.
Because an optical fiber grating is corresponding with the light of certain section wavelength in an optical cable, so the reflection of light light of the light based on this section wavelength or this section wavelength can be determined the optical fiber grating (optical fiber grating vibration sensor parts) that is coupled or is connected with this optical cable, thereby, to occur that light wavelength that for example certain wave band is reflected back changes instantaneous while surpassing first threshold, can determine the position of corresponding optical fiber grating (optical fiber grating vibration sensor parts).
The inventor has also proposed a kind of railway falling rocks method for early warning, and the method comprises: step 1: the optical fiber grating with rail 5 generation of vibration strains is provided; Step 2: utilize fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator device 20 to obtain the electric signal that the light wavelength that is reflected back from described optical fiber grating of reflection changes; Step 3: obtain the light wavelength change information be reflected back from optical fiber grating based on described electric signal, wherein said wavelength variation information at least comprises that light wavelength changes amplitude; With step 4: determine whether to send warning based on this wavelength variation information.
Wherein, step 1 comprises: base portion 1 and the end freely 2 be connected with base portion 1 are provided, base portion 1 is rigidly connected on rail 5 or sleeper, thereby end 2 is suitable for vibrating with the vibration of rail 5 or sleeper, and the two ends of described optical fiber grating are connected on base portion and end.Base portion 1 can be connected to end 2 by vibration magnifying arm 3, and described optical fiber grating is fixed on FBG strain gauge, and the two ends of described FBG strain gauge are separately fixed on base portion 1 and end 2.
In the situation that optical fiber grating is single, described step 4 comprises: when light wavelength changes amplitude and surpasses first threshold and get rid of the situation that train passes through, send the warning that rail 5 breaks down.Wherein: in one of at least following situation, determine that train passes through: thereby light wavelength changes amplitude, increase gradually and meet or exceed first threshold; Light wavelength changes amplitude and periodically meet or exceed within a predetermined period of time first threshold after meeting or exceeding first threshold.Two kinds of situations above-mentioned have been shown in accompanying drawing 9.
Perhaps, in the situation that optical fiber grating is single, described step 4 comprises: change amplitude in light wavelength instantaneous over first threshold and after decaying fast, send near the warning of breaking down the rail 5 at described optical fiber grating place.Accompanying drawing 8 shows this situation.
In the situation that described optical fiber grating is a plurality of optical fiber gratings of arranging successively along rail 5, described step 4 comprises: when the light wavelength that is reflected back from an optical fiber grating changes amplitude and surpasses first threshold and get rid of the situation that train passes through, send the warning that rail 5 breaks down.Wherein: in one of at least following situation, determine that train passes through: thereby the light wavelength be reflected back from a described optical fiber grating changes amplitude, increase gradually and meet or exceed first threshold; The light wavelength be reflected back from a described optical fiber grating changes amplitude and periodically meet or exceed within a predetermined period of time first threshold after meeting or exceeding first threshold; After the light wavelength be reflected back at a plurality of optical fiber gratings in described optical fiber grating the place ahead on the train direct of travel changes amplitude and meets or exceeds first threshold successively, the light wavelength be reflected back from a described optical fiber grating changes amplitude and meets or exceeds first threshold; After the light wavelength variation amplitude be reflected back from a described optical fiber grating meets or exceeds first threshold, change amplitude from the light wavelength that a plurality of optical fiber gratings at a described optical fiber grating rear are reflected back on the train direct of travel and meet or exceed successively first threshold.
Perhaps, in the situation that described optical fiber grating is a plurality of optical fiber gratings of arranging successively along rail 5, described optical fiber grating is a plurality of optical fiber gratings of arranging successively along rail 5, described step 4 comprises: change in the light wavelength that is reflected back from an optical fiber grating that amplitude is instantaneous to be met or exceeded first threshold and fast decay, send the warning that rail 5 breaks down.
For determining the et out of order place, when comprising a plurality of optical fiber grating of arranging successively along rail 5, described method also comprises step 5: in the situation that send warning, determine that the light wavelength be reflected back changes the optical fiber grating of amplitude maximum, thereby indicate near the rail optical fiber grating definite at this to break down.Further, step 5 also comprises: determine that the light wavelength be reflected back changes second largest optical fiber grating of amplitude, break down with the rail between second largest optical fiber grating of the light wavelength variation amplitude be reflected back thereby indication changes the optical fiber grating of amplitude maximum in the light wavelength be reflected back.
When falling rocks drops between two optical fiber gratings, the light wavelength be reflected back from optical fiber grating changes amplitude may not reach first threshold, now described step 4 also comprises: the light wavelength that is reflected back from a described optical fiber grating change amplitude and the wavelength variations amplitude that is reflected back from another optical fiber grating adjacent with a described optical fiber grating at least one instantaneously meet or exceed the Second Threshold that is less than first threshold and fast during decay, send the warning that rail breaks down.Now, for determining the et out of order place, described method also comprises step 5: in the situation that send warning, determine that the light wavelength be reflected back changes the optical fiber grating of amplitude maximum, thereby near the rail of the indication optical fiber grating of the light wavelength variation amplitude maximum be reflected back breaks down.For further determining the position of fault, step 5 can also comprise: determine that the light wavelength be reflected back changes second largest optical fiber grating of amplitude, break down with the rail between second largest optical fiber grating of the light wavelength variation amplitude be reflected back thereby indication changes the optical fiber grating of amplitude maximum in the light wavelength be reflected back.
It should be noted that, above-mentioned first threshold and Second Threshold can be based on rail below geologic structure, for example rock or sandy soil, density, hardness, volume, the height of drop of the falling rocks that the rail top is possible, the installation site of optical fiber grating or optical fiber grating vibration sensor parts, mounting means, material of sleeper etc. is determined.
In addition, solar cell or large-capacity battery can be set in the wild and provide electric power for fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator device 20.
The accuracy of the warning of railway falling rocks forewarn system of the present invention and railway falling rocks method for early warning or can be by improving the dominant frequency of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator device 20 to the accuracy of the monitoring of rail vibration situation, 1000Hz for example, 2000Hz or higher.
For " instantaneous " in instantaneous increase above-mentioned, expression is with respect to the dominant frequency of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator device 20, time is very short, for example, dominant frequency for 1000Hz, the instantaneous time that can mean 0.001-0.005 second or other similar order of magnitude, the concrete time equally can be based on rail below geologic structure, for example rock or sandy soil, density, hardness, volume, the height of drop of the falling rocks that the rail top is possible, the installation site of optical fiber grating or optical fiber grating vibration sensor parts, mounting means, material of sleeper etc. is determined.And " gradually " in increasing gradually above-mentioned mean for " instantaneous ", be slowly many, although in practice, may be only time of 0.1 second for example, the concrete time is relevant with train speed, train load-carrying, train type etc.Predetermined amount of time above-mentioned alternatively, means the 1-10 time of second.
In the present invention, warning can be in the following way: on-the-spot sound and light alarm.Station at the railway two ends that forewarn system is housed is equipped with acoustical alarm and alarm lamp, for reminding engine driver and related personnel; Control Room is reported to the police, for causing Control Room attendant's attention; Remote alarms, mainly utilize mobile phone GSM sms technique, automatically dangerous situation sent on relevant leader and patrolling railway personnel's mobile phone, so that the very first time takes measures on customs clearance.Certainly can add other type of alarms according to user's request.
Although illustrated and described embodiments of the invention, for the ordinary skill in the art, be appreciated that without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention and can be changed these embodiment, scope of the present invention is limited by claims and equivalent thereof.
Claims (8)
1. a railway falling rocks method for early warning comprises:
Step 1: the optical fiber grating that produces strain with rail vibration is provided;
Step 2: utilize the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator device to obtain the electric signal that the light wavelength that is reflected back from described optical fiber grating of reflection changes;
Step 3: obtain the light wavelength change information be reflected back from optical fiber grating based on described electric signal, wherein said wavelength variation information at least comprises that light wavelength changes amplitude; With
Step 4: determine whether to send warning based on this wavelength variation information,
Wherein,
A plurality of optical fiber gratings of described optical fiber grating for arranging successively along rail, described step 4 comprises:
In the situation that changing amplitude, the light wavelength be reflected back from an optical fiber grating do not reach first threshold, the light wavelength that is reflected back from a described optical fiber grating change amplitude and the wavelength variations amplitude that is reflected back from another optical fiber grating adjacent with a described optical fiber grating at least one instantaneously meet or exceed the Second Threshold that is less than described first threshold and fast during decay, send the warning that rail breaks down.
2. railway falling rocks method for early warning according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described method also comprises:
Step 5: in the situation that send warning, determine that the light wavelength be reflected back changes the optical fiber grating of amplitude maximum, thereby near the rail of the indication optical fiber grating of the light wavelength variation amplitude maximum be reflected back breaks down.
3. railway falling rocks method for early warning according to claim 2, is characterized in that,
Step 5 further comprises: determine that the light wavelength be reflected back changes second largest optical fiber grating of amplitude, break down with the rail between second largest optical fiber grating of the light wavelength variation amplitude be reflected back thereby indication changes the optical fiber grating of amplitude maximum in the light wavelength be reflected back.
4. railway falling rocks method for early warning according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
Step 1 comprises: base portion and the end freely be connected with described base portion are provided, described base portion is rigidly connected on the rail or sleeper of railway, thereby described end is suitable for vibrating with the vibration of rail or sleeper, and the two ends of described optical fiber grating are connected on base portion and end.
5. railway falling rocks method for early warning according to claim 4, is characterized in that,
Base portion is connected to end by the vibration magnifying arm, and described optical fiber grating is fixed on FBG strain gauge, and the two ends of described FBG strain gauge are separately fixed on base portion and end.
6. railway falling rocks method for early warning according to claim 1, is characterized in that,
Described optical fiber grating is a plurality of optical fiber gratings of arranging successively along rail, and described step 4 comprises: when the light wavelength be reflected back from an optical fiber grating changes amplitude and surpasses first threshold and get rid of the situation that train passes through, send the warning that rail breaks down; And
In one of at least following situation, determine that train passes through:
Thereby the light wavelength be reflected back from a described optical fiber grating changes amplitude increase gradually and meet or exceed first threshold;
The light wavelength be reflected back from a described optical fiber grating changes amplitude and periodically meet or exceed within a predetermined period of time first threshold after meeting or exceeding first threshold;
After the light wavelength be reflected back at a plurality of optical fiber gratings in described optical fiber grating the place ahead on the train direct of travel changes amplitude and meets or exceeds first threshold successively, the light wavelength be reflected back from a described optical fiber grating changes amplitude and meets or exceeds first threshold;
After the light wavelength variation amplitude be reflected back from a described optical fiber grating meets or exceeds first threshold, change amplitude from the light wavelength that a plurality of optical fiber gratings at a described optical fiber grating rear are reflected back on the train direct of travel and meet or exceed successively first threshold.
7. railway falling rocks method for early warning according to claim 6, is characterized in that, described method also comprises:
Step 5: in the situation that send warning, determine that the light wavelength be reflected back changes the optical fiber grating of amplitude maximum, thereby indicate near the rail optical fiber grating definite at this to break down.
8. railway falling rocks method for early warning according to claim 7, is characterized in that,
Step 5 further comprises: determine that the light wavelength be reflected back changes second largest optical fiber grating of amplitude, break down with the rail between second largest optical fiber grating of the light wavelength variation amplitude be reflected back thereby indication changes the optical fiber grating of amplitude maximum in the light wavelength be reflected back.
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| CN105371939A (en) * | 2014-08-25 | 2016-03-02 | 同方威视技术股份有限公司 | Fiber bragg grating vibration sensor and vibration measurement elements thereof |
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| CN105371939A (en) * | 2014-08-25 | 2016-03-02 | 同方威视技术股份有限公司 | Fiber bragg grating vibration sensor and vibration measurement elements thereof |
| WO2016029814A1 (en) * | 2014-08-25 | 2016-03-03 | 同方威视技术股份有限公司 | Fibre bragg grating vibration sensor and vibration measurement element thereof |
| EP3187841A4 (en) * | 2014-08-25 | 2018-04-25 | Nuctech Company Limited | Fibre bragg grating vibration sensor and vibration measurement element thereof |
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| CN103465934B (en) | 2015-09-02 |
| CN102079319B (en) | 2014-05-14 |
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| CN103465935B (en) | 2015-11-25 |
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