CN103175475B - Bank protection monitoring system - Google Patents
Bank protection monitoring system Download PDFInfo
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- CN103175475B CN103175475B CN201110437607.2A CN201110437607A CN103175475B CN 103175475 B CN103175475 B CN 103175475B CN 201110437607 A CN201110437607 A CN 201110437607A CN 103175475 B CN103175475 B CN 103175475B
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of bank protection monitoring system, including: bank protection information acquisition system；Bank protection information analysis system；And warning system, determine at described bank protection information analysis system and protective slope structure crack occurs and/or reaches the situation of degree of danger, send alarm signal and/or information in one or more ways.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to railway operation safety monitoring field, more particularly to monitoring railway track safety aspect.More particularly it relates to the situation of the bank protection of monitoring railroad track at least side.
Background technology
At present, the railway system is in and builds rapidly and the period of development, and along with High-speed Railway Network scale expands rapidly, technical equipment also fast lifting, speed promotes and transport power strengthens.At the same time it is also necessary to it is realized that safety of railway traffic also faces more challenges and tests.Railway surrounding enviroment are more complicated, and natural climate environmental change is frequent, and hazard weather increases, and safety of railway traffic especially high ferro is run safety and brings impact.
For overall protected consideration, technical staff develops various new technique, such as vehicle-mountedization detection device, High-speed Photography Technology, GPS infra-red detection technology, microwave wireless detection etc., be widely used in location and monitoring, allow to provide effective protection and monitoring means for railway security.But, various single technology have its limitation, respectively can be humane by environment, and the restriction of the factors such as equipment does not has a kind of method can be fully solved the security protection problem that railway particularly high ferro is along the line, but needs the complementation by various means.
In practice, railroad track usually needs through massif or mountain valley, thus side or both sides also exist and face upward slope, namely the structure of ditch formula.It addition, there is also railway bed to exceed ground around, thus there is the situation on slope of bowing in its both sides or side.Due to Geological Reasons or construction, face upward slope and may there is the situation of landing foreign material；And roadbed loosens, the situation that the slope that causes bowing is damaged.Thus, typically arranging protective slope structure on side slope, it can be built by laying by cement and construct, and can arrange fixing anchoring pile.But, along with factors such as soil erosion, geological transformation or earthquakes, the protective slope structure on side slope also can produce crack.This means that bank protection may be damaged, thus the operation safety to railway, the particularly train of high-speed cruising can constitute serious threat.For this reason, it may be necessary to arrange certain measure to monitor the situation of protective slope structure.
At present, the monitoring to bank protection takes manual type (the most periodically inspection) to carry out more.Further, existing unartificial detection mode may the most all there is certain defect, such as system cost is high, device is not durable, metal device is prone to corrosion and damage and there is stolen hidden danger etc..
Correspondingly, the fast development of recent optical fibre device and extensively utilization, particularly advanced fiber grating sensing technology, provide feasibility and convenience and economy for remotely monitoring.Wherein, fiber-optic grating sensor has that volume is little, precision is high, life-span length, high reliability, and the advantage such as Transmission Fibers is compatible, and is easily embedded to inside object under test.
But, at present both at home and abroad on the most do not use optical fiber grating sensing network to monitor the case of the state of railway protective slope structure.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to, it is provided that a kind of technology for monitoring railway bank protection overcoming prior art deficiency and meeting economical and efficient demand.
According to an aspect of the present invention, a kind of bank protection information acquisition system is provided, for collecting the information relevant with the protective slope structure of railroad track at least side, this bank protection information acquisition system includes: fiber grating displacement sensor individuality or the distributive array being made up of it；With fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator, wherein said fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator and described fiber grating displacement sensor or the array being made up of it are connected by optical fiber cable；Wherein, described sensor individuals or array are arranged in the protective slope structure of railway at least side, when protective slope structure produces crack, described sensor individuals or array can sense when the displacement that crack is caused, and are converted into sensing signal and return to described fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator.
Wherein said fiber grating displacement sensor is arranged on: be positioned at the surface of described protective slope structure, for sensing the displacement of the connecting line crossing over two ends, crack.
The laser reflected from described fiber-optic grating sensor is demodulated processing by wherein said fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator, and draws the wavelength signals of reflection laser.
According to another aspect of the present invention, it is provided that a kind of bank protection information analysis system, including:
Signal receiving device, for receiving the signal from bank protection information acquisition system according to claim 1, processor unit, is determined by analysis:
1) which fiber-optic grating sensor each optical maser wavelength signal relates to；
2) change of the wavelength of laser involved by and the representative flaw level of correspondence；
3) whether described bank protection has crack, and whether crack reaches degree of danger.
Wherein said system includes storing device, wherein prestores: the corresponding relation between fiber-optic grating sensor and characteristic wavelength；Relation between the crack that wavelength change and fiber-optic grating sensor are surveyed；Crack and generation bank protection are squashed corresponding relation between danger.
Wherein processor unit, also include for: determine whether corresponding to one or several fiber bragg grating sensors wavelength signals disappear；And according to predetermined logic rule, thus judge it is that position, where there occurs that bank protection is squashed and/or which bar optical fiber cable damage.
Wherein processor unit, also includes for determining: relative to the time, whether the expansion speed in crack is more than predetermined threshold value.
Wherein processor unit, also includes being further used for: the information of comprehensive multiple sensors, determines whether regional area exists the trend of bank protection crack growth or threat of collapsing.
According to another aspect of the present invention, it is provided that a kind of bank protection monitoring system, including:
According to foregoing bank protection data capturing subsystem；
According to foregoing bank protection information analysis subsystem；
Warning system, determines at described bank protection information analysis system and bank protection crack occurs and/or reaches the situation of degree of danger, send alarm signal and/or information in one or more ways.
Wherein, described bank protection information analysis system can information collected by comprehensive multiple described bank protection information acquisition systems, determine the bank protection situation of multiple monitoring positions of roadside.
It is an advantage of the current invention that employing fiber-optic grating sensor, it is possible to achieve simple in construction, strong adaptability, good stability monitoring system, especially can long-term stable operation under railway depopulated zone, non-Electric region and rugged environment.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Figure 1A is the schematic diagram facing upward slope protection；
Figure 1B is the schematic diagram of slope protection of bowing；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of the bank protection monitoring system according to the present invention, which includes bank protection data capturing subsystem, bank protection information analysis subsystem and warning subsystem；
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram of the bank protection data capturing subsystem according to the present invention；
Fig. 4 is the logical process schematic diagram of the protection network information analysis system according to the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
For making the purpose of the present invention, structure and advantage clearer, below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the present invention is described in detail further.
Wherein, the term in literary composition " side slope " includes " facing upward slope " and the situation on " slope of bowing ".Railroad track of " facing upward slope " i.e. is less than the hillside of both sides and the situation of bank protection, and the situation of " slope of bowing " bank protection that to be railway projecting.
With reference to the You Yang slope, railroad track one or both sides shown in Figure 1A, 1B or the region on slope of bowing, it is often necessary to set up protective slope structure, this is to have buried to prevent bank protection from collapsing or occupied railroad track.For monitoring the safety of protective slope structure, certain monitoring of structures need to be set.According to the present invention, arranging Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Array on bank protection, whether described sensor array can be monitored crack on bank protection, and the trend in crack and whether reach dangerous degree.Thus, bank protection monitoring system is built, it is possible to achieve remotely monitor in real time.
Bank protection monitoring system should have three basic functions: detects bank protection crack, can automatically identify, effective means can be taked after determining to report to the police when crack is beyond regulation category when.In order to meet above requirements, at least should be made up of three subsystems as in figure 2 it is shown, monitor system according to the bank protection of the present invention: data capturing subsystem；Signal analysis subsystem；Warning subsystem.Further, since facility requires higher for equipment dependability, system must possess self-diagnosing function, and when equipment information collection path is impaired when, equipment can provide corresponding alarm signal and notify that staff safeguards.
Wherein, the groundwork of shown data capturing subsystem is collection site bank protection information and changes into data, and is sent to signal analysis subsystem by transmission means such as networks；The groundwork of signal analysis subsystem is to transmit, from data capturing subsystem, the data of coming according to respective algorithms analysis, and binding time variable judges the crack variation tendency of bank protection, and sends corresponding alarm signal to warning subsystem；Warning subsystem main task be receive signal analysis subsystem send alarm signal after can send the warning means such as light, sound, electricity to inform the corresponding warning message of staff at different levels.Each subsystem is described separately below.
Data capturing subsystem
According to the present invention, the cement that described fiber-optic grating sensor is generally located on bank protection is fixed on anchoring pile.In the present invention, it is preferred to employing stay-supported optical fiber grating displacement sensor.But, also it is not excluded for using other kinds of sensor.Stay-supported optical fiber grating displacement sensor is typically mainly fixed several parts such as auxiliary member formed by sensor, support, bracing wire and joint, clip.In the present invention, also should include such similar concrete structure, but it is only called for short with " sensor " in many places herein, and be not described in detail its particular make-up structure.
According to the present invention, the operation principle of described stay-supported optical fiber grating displacement sensor is:
Each fiber-optic grating sensor receives laser from lasing light emitter (such as (FBG) demodulator), and is reflected back the laser of specific wavelength.For fiber grating displacement sensor, under the influence of displacement, the optical maser wavelength being reflected by back can offset.For each fiber-optic grating sensor, the characteristic wavelength λ of its reflection is between 1510-1590nm.There is set relation between the amount △ λ and displacement S of wavelength shift, this relational expression can be expressed as:
△λi=k*Si
(1)
Wherein K is predetermined coefficient, is an empirical value or test determination value.
So, detect bracing wire by the centre wavelength relative variation of fiber grating reflection light and fix the relative shift of end.Fiber grating displacement sensor have quasi-distributed networking (tens arrive hundreds of point), Measurement Resolution high (0.01%FS), measure wide ranges (300 μm～20mm), operating temperature range width, not by the advantage such as electromagnetic interference, corrosion-resistant, anti shock and vibration, resisting fatigue, length in service life, can be widely applied to various cracks, the relative displacement variation monitoring of various structure point-to-point transmission, can be used for the deformation of Geotechnical Engineering, position relative movement measurement it can also be used to the Crack Monitoring of disease engineering.
As it is shown on figure 3, described data capturing subsystem specifically includes that sensor distributive array, optical fiber cable and fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator.
Wherein, shown sensor distributive array includes multiple fiber-optic grating sensor, and special case is only to include this sensor.Described Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Array can be to be connected in series, or is connected in parallel, it is also possible to the mode combined in parallel and serial, thus constitutes certain topological network.Such as, each detected object can arrange a sensor, it is also possible to the sensor arranged on several sensor, and multiple measurand connects through certain mode.Specifically, described Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Array can be connected in multiple branches light path, and each branch light path is connected with main cable by optical cable connecting box, main cable be connected on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator device by each branch optical cable.Wherein, described fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator laser signal is sent to fiber-optic grating sensor by optical fiber cable.Usually, (FBG) demodulator sends predetermined beam of laser, including the laser of multiple predetermined wavelengths.According to predetermined set, the laser of fiber-optic grating sensor reflection specific wavelength each under normal condition, and the wavelength of the laser of fiber-optic grating sensor reflection there occurs skew or disappears under the effect of tested displacement.The external environment condition that described (FBG) demodulator observes each sensor by the wavelength change comparing the laser reflecting back into (FBG) demodulator affects produced by it.
Wherein, described fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator includes: laser beam emitting device, is used for generating laser beam, and laser input/output port, and for exporting in Transmission Fibers optical cable by laser, described Transmission Fibers is connected with fiber-optic grating sensor, with transfer laser.It addition, described fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator includes laser demodulating equipment, the laser signal reflected for demodulation.It addition, described fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator includes also including other data-out port, for the data message gathered to data platform, such as server transport.
Wherein, described fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator is relative with Fiber Bragg Grating Sensor Array to be arranged in the environment to be measured of a certain local matchingly, and described (FBG) demodulator is arranged on safer stable position.And, described fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator can be powered by external power source, or the power supply that can be carried by it in the case of outside power supply power-fail is powered.
By the information acquisition system of the present invention, the information obtaining occurring about certain position or certain regional area such as certain service on buses or trains section can be collected.Wherein, if the wavelength obtaining the laser of certain sensor reflection occurs skew and continues certain period of time, it means that the position (such as on bank protection) of this sensor occurs in that certain crack；If wavelength shift speed, illustrate that crack is expanding rapidly；If the wavelength of reflection laser reaches certain predetermined value, illustrate that crack has reached predetermined width；And if the laser that should be reflected by this sensor disappears, then explanation is likely to damage the sensor of this position.This is accomplished by utilizing information analysis system to analyze the signal collected by above-mentioned information acquisition system, thus draws certain conclusion.
Information analysis subsystem
According to the principle of the present invention, need configuration information to analyze system and analyze the information obtained from the collection of above-mentioned data capturing subsystem.Preferably, an information analysis subsystem can analyze the information from numerous data capturing subsystems.Wherein, information analysis subsystem can be connected with information acquisition system by wired mode such as optical cable.Being alternatively, it is also possible to wirelessly send and transmission information, this can realize by means of satellite network.
Wherein, described information analysis subsystem can specifically be embodied as computer server, as in figure 2 it is shown, it includes or connects corresponding data base.According to the present invention, described information analysis subsystem, including processor, process and logic judgment unit as data, be analyzed and judge for the information relevant with sensor wavelength change that (FBG) demodulator is sent, as shown in the figure, it should comprising the following steps:
Step 101: involved wavelength determines the information being belonging to which fiber-optic grating sensor.
In view of the amount of fiber grating sensor wavelength skew is compared as the least value with the characteristic wavelength of each described sensor, it is typically only the sensor characteristics wavelength typically with adjacent band of the wavelength after the amount of or a few nanometer, and change also to be able to well distinguish.So, it is determined that after characteristic wavelength information, be assured that it is the information of which fiber-optic grating sensor corresponding.Further, may determine that the most again after determining sensor corresponding to that position, as shown in table 1.
Wherein, each fiber bragg grating sensor characteristic of correspondence wavelength X and variable range thereof prestore in the server, or calculate according to predetermined amount.
Table 1
| Reflection wavelength | Original wavelength | Respective sensor | Corresponding skew | Correspondence position |
| λ1' | λ1 | S1 | △λ1 | P1 |
| λ2' | λ2 | S2 | △λ2 | P2 |
| λ3' | λ3 | S3 | △λ3 | P3 |
| λ4' | λ4 | S4 | △λ4 | P4 |
| … | … | … | … |
Step 102: determine the wavelength shift of involved sensor and represented level of displacement.
Whether, according to described previously, the displacement that sensor is sensed is corresponding with the wavelength shift of sensor, the most just can be determined by the amount of monitoring wavelength shift and occur at sensing station suitable to treat displacement.See following example table 2
Table 2
| Corresponding skew | Level of displacement |
| △λ1 | S1 |
| △λ2 | S2 |
| △λ3 | S3 |
| △λ4 | S4 |
| … | … |
By look-up table 2 as above or above-mentioned formula (1), the level of displacement at the respective sensor position representated by each reflection wavelength can be calculated.
Step 103: determine the situation and the order of severity occurred on protective slope structure.
Wherein, the corresponding situation that level of displacement is squashed between danger with protective slope structure is rule of thumb or measuring is estimated, for each sensor, its corresponding relation is reflected among table 3.This corresponding relation is not fixing, but the result being manually set, so can also the most suitably change.
Table 3
| Level of displacement | Bank protection crack situation |
| S1 | Situation 1 |
| S2 | Situation 2 |
| S3 | Situation 3 |
| S4 | Situation 4 |
| … | … |
Wherein, table 1,2 and 3 can be the local of an overall look-up table, or three separate look-up tables.Wherein, in addition it is also necessary to the situation that the wavelength signals that judgement should occur but disappears:
If being transferred in the sensor signal of server not include or interrupt the signal of certain fiber-optic grating sensor corresponding, then meaning there occurs certain serious conditions, the protective slope structure such as installing sensor is ruined.This needs to carry out safe handling at once.If the blackout of the sensor connected by a light splitting cable, then it is likely to this optical cable destroyed.According to the criterion of high possibility, server can be summarized as " burst major disaster situation " or " optical cable damage " etc..The logic rule judged, can specifically be set by operator, or modify.
It addition, further, work as reference time, determine when the pace of change of wavelength shift is bigger, during the most predetermined threshold value, it may be determined that crack is in rapid expansion.It is, bank protection is in the quite dangerous collapsed.
Wherein, in the present invention, for each sensor, according to above-mentioned judge process, determine and there is crack, after crack is in expansion, crack reaches the situations such as precarious position, information analysis subsystem can based on this, and further, the situation combining multiple sensor according to predetermined logic rule determines which kind of situation the bank protection of this regional area occurs in that.Such as, the several sensors on certain local bank protection all obtain the information of crack growth, then this bank protection is likely to be at the bigger threat collapsed.Thus, it is possible to send corresponding alarm signal to warning system.
Warning subsystem
Information analysis subsystem, the namely server section shown in Fig. 2, occurs obtaining disaster by analysis or after the information of the extent of injury, with the form of certain medium, this information is sent to relevant personnel, the personnel of railway security, maintainer, and higher level policymaker are responsible in such as region.
Wherein, by the personnel of responsible security monitoring, according to the situation of monitoring, can pass through wired or wirelessly, such as phone, note, broadcast, warning lamp, warn to the relevant personnel or notice.
As a further example, the present invention is adapted to automatically be monitored by auto-alarm function and report to the police, because a server can be used to monitor numerous sensors and large-area region, and can also realize the instantaneity reported to the police.
So, monitor system including the railroad track bank protection of each ingredient above-mentioned and relative to existing mode there is prominent advantage, the most accurately, the aspect such as safety, instant and low cost.This system can also be relevant with other and railroad track monitoring system compatible mutually or parallel, to realize comprehensive function.The present invention describes as a example by railway bank protection, is actually also applied for the situation of the bank protection of highway.
The functional character of the present invention is not limited to those examples above provided, and so it is contemplated that the function of any kind in spirit of the present invention.Although the present invention has been described in connection with preferred embodiments thereof, but be not intended to limit the invention to object lesson set forth herein.On the contrary, the scope of the present invention is limited solely by described claim.
Claims (13)
1. a bank protection monitoring system, including bank protection information acquisition system and bank protection information analysis system, described bank protection information acquisition system is for collecting the information relevant with the protective slope structure of railroad track at least side, and this bank protection information acquisition system includes:
Fiber grating displacement sensor individuality or the distributive array being made up of it；With
Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator, wherein said fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator and described fiber grating displacement sensor or the array being made up of it are connected by optical fiber cable；
Wherein, described sensor individuals or array are arranged in the protective slope structure of railway at least side, and when protective slope structure produces crack, described sensor individuals or array can sense when the displacement that crack is caused, and be converted into sensing signal and return to described fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator
Described bank protection information analysis system, including:
Signal receiving device, for receiving the information from described bank protection information acquisition system；
Storage device, wherein prestores:
Corresponding relation between fiber grating displacement sensor and characteristic wavelength；
Relation between the crack that wavelength change and fiber grating displacement sensor are surveyed；
Crack and generation bank protection are squashed corresponding relation between danger, and
Processor unit, is arranged through the information analyzed from described bank protection information acquisition system and determines:
1) which fiber grating displacement sensor each optical maser wavelength signal relates to；
2) change of the wavelength of laser involved by and the representative flaw level of correspondence；
3) whether described bank protection has crack, and whether crack reaches degree of danger.
Bank protection the most according to claim 1 monitoring system, wherein said fiber grating displacement sensor is stay-supported optical fiber grating displacement sensor, and can sense when the change in displacement at connecting line two ends.
Bank protection the most according to claim 1 monitoring system, wherein said fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator includes laser beam emitting device, for generating laser, and input/output port, for laser is exported in Transmission Fibers, described Transmission Fibers is connected with fiber grating displacement sensor, and laser returns to described fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator after fiber grating displacement sensor reflects
Wherein, laser is when fiber grating displacement sensor internal reflection, if being acted on by outside, the wavelength of the laser of reflection can change, and has predetermined dependency between described change and external action.
Bank protection the most according to claim 2 monitoring system, wherein said fiber grating displacement sensor is arranged on:
It is positioned at the surface of described protective slope structure, for sensing the displacement of the connecting line crossing over two ends, crack.
Bank protection the most according to claim 1 monitoring system, described fiber grating displacement sensor array is connected in multiple branches light path, each branch light path is connected with main cable by optical cable connecting box, main cable be connected on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator device by each branch optical cable.
Bank protection the most according to claim 1 monitoring system, the laser reflected from described fiber grating displacement sensor is demodulated processing, and draws the wavelength signals of reflection laser by wherein said fiber Bragg grating (FBG) demodulator.
Bank protection the most according to claim 1 monitoring system, wherein processor unit, be also configured to for:
Determine whether to disappear corresponding to the wavelength signals of one or several fiber bragg grating sensors；And
According to predetermined logic rule, thus judge it is that position, where there occurs that bank protection is squashed and/or which bar optical fiber cable damage.
Bank protection the most according to claim 1 monitoring system, wherein processor unit, be arranged to be additionally operable to determine:
Relative to the time, whether the expansion speed in crack is more than predetermined threshold value.
Bank protection the most according to claim 1 monitoring system, wherein processor unit, be further used for:
The information of comprehensive multiple sensor, determines whether regional area exists the trend of bank protection crack growth or threat of collapsing.
Bank protection the most according to claim 1 monitoring system, wherein this bank protection monitoring system farther includes:
Warning system, determines at described bank protection information analysis system and bank protection crack occurs and/or reaches the situation of degree of danger, send alarm signal and/or information in one or more ways.
11. bank protection according to claim 10 monitoring systems, are characterised by, described bank protection information acquisition system and described bank protection information analysis system pass through wired or wireless mode is remotely connected.
12. monitor system according to the bank protection described in claim 10 or 11, are characterised by, including one or more described bank protection information acquisition systems, and
The one or more described bank protection information acquisition system provides the information collected to one or more described bank protection information analysis systems.
13. bank protections according to claim 10 monitoring systems, are characterised by, the information collected by the comprehensive multiple described bank protection information acquisition systems of described bank protection information analysis system, determine the bank protection situation of track multiple monitoring positions along the line.
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| CN103453842A (en) * | 2013-09-09 | 2013-12-18 | 中铁西北科学研究院有限公司深圳南方分院 | Method and device for monitoring slope deformation and damage based on optical time domain reflectometer technology |
| CN104374309B (en) * | 2014-11-04 | 2018-02-06 | 朱志明 | A kind of flexible measuring instrument in wireless crack |
| CN105973461B (en) * | 2016-06-22 | 2019-01-08 | 中铁二局集团勘测设计院有限责任公司 | A kind of reinforced earth bulkhead vibration alarm system based on sound-light alarm |
| CN108460959A (en) * | 2018-04-09 | 2018-08-28 | 重庆甲虫网络科技有限公司 | A kind of building and geological disaster monitoring system based on low-power consumption Internet of Things |
| CN111007768A (en) * | 2019-12-17 | 2020-04-14 | 中交上海航道局有限公司 | Slope protection monitoring system and using method thereof |
| CN115240370A (en) * | 2022-07-22 | 2022-10-25 | 广州市市政工程试验检测有限公司 | Monitoring and alarming system and monitoring and alarming method for landslide of shallow layer of highway side slope |
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