CN103464505B - Device and method for producing high-frequency roll welding multilayer composite plate - Google Patents

Device and method for producing high-frequency roll welding multilayer composite plate Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103464505B
CN103464505B CN201310403515.1A CN201310403515A CN103464505B CN 103464505 B CN103464505 B CN 103464505B CN 201310403515 A CN201310403515 A CN 201310403515A CN 103464505 B CN103464505 B CN 103464505B
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multiple material
guide roller
plate
material plate
conductive rollers
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CN103464505A (en
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张凤泉
蒋扬虎
周桂峰
曾春
刘继雄
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Wuhan Iron and Steel Co Ltd
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Wuhan Iron and Steel Group Corp
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Abstract

The invention relates to a device and method for producing a high-frequency roll welding multilayer composite plate. The method comprises the following steps: feeding a strip coil into a corresponding uncoiling machine; performing tension control to ensure the flatness and favorable alignment of strips; feeding the strips into a conduction roll through a guide roll, and then performing on-line heating on the strips with high-frequency current, wherein the heating range is a loop from the conduction roll to the inlet of a guide and guard device, and the high-frequency current is introduced from the conduction roll to perform on-line quick heating on a shallow layer of the surface of the strips; when the strips reach a pinch roll, enabling that the strips are in contact with each other to achieve maximum heat, thus forming welding conditions; and welding the multiple layers of strips, then feeding into a rolling mill, and further rolling and compounding once to achieve optimal composite property of the different strips.

Description

Ratio-frequency welding rolls multilayer composite sheet process units and method
Technical field
The present invention relates to steel processing and manufacturing technology field, refer to that a kind of ratio-frequency welding rolls multilayer composite sheet process units and method particularly.
Technical background
Along with the develop rapidly of modern science and technology and national economy, all trades and professions propose more and more harsher requirement to metal material, and the metal material of single composition is usually difficult to the requirement simultaneously meeting many-sided performance in actual use procedure.In the case, choose two or more metal material, adopt various different process to make composite board and can meet special combination property requirement.
Through the development of many decades, metallic composite panel has become important structural material and functional material.Composite metal plate has following features: one is that selected metal can mutually be learnt from other's strong points to offset one's weaknesses in performance, arbitrary constituent element metal material before the combination property of composite plate is better than non-compound.As the composite pole that steel and non-ferrous metal combine, not only there is high strength and the toughness of steel, and there is the specific physical chemical property of non-ferrous metal; And for example high-alloy steel often can not be cast large ingot or be difficult to roll into large plate, but one deck blank that it can make clad steel plate rolls into large plate together with steel billet.Two is the production costs adopting composite metal plate can save precious metal material, economize energy and sheet material significantly, when producing the composite boards such as stainless steel one carbon steel, titanium one steel, copper one steel, nickel one steel, the noble metal weight such as Ti, Cu, Ni only account for 5% ~ 20% of whole composite plate weight.Titanium one steel composite board is about 1/3 of titanium plate price; The composite plates such as stainless steel one carbon steel, copper one steel be respectively corrosion resistant plate, copper coin price 50% ~ 70%.
Clad steel plate is the important kind in clad metal sheet, and it is widely used in the industry such as oil, chemical industry, machinery, shipbuilding, power, is in great demand.
Nineteen thirties, the U.S. and Germany just succeed in developing clad steel plate, afterwards recent decades composite board production obtain high speed development at home and abroad.Since the eighties, the output of the annual stainless steel clad plate of Japan is more than 30,000 tons, and the composite board annual production of the U.S. and the former Soviet Union also reaches tens thousand of ton.Since China adopts rolling to produce stainless steel one steel composite board from nineteen sixty-five, although all achieve significant progress in the method for manufacturing technology and production capacity etc. of clad steel plate, but totally have a long way to go compared with abroad, be mainly manifested in production capacity not enough and large format composite board can not be produced far away, still need a large amount of clad steel plate of import every year.
Through the research and development of decades, composite metal plate has developed multiple processing condition and method, the composite metal plate technique generally used at present is method hot rolling method, it is while utilizing metal plastic deformation, in order to realize crimping seam under less pressure, adopt high-temperature heating to make to treat that multiple material is in state of activation, it is consistent that the most operation in its process is produced with general steel plate, and main difference is the preparation that plate changes.The assembling that the master operation of method hot rolling method comprises the processing (cutting) of substrate and compound plate, surface treatment (pickling, grinding, nickel plating), plate change and welding, heating and rolling etc.The preparatory process that plate changes is the critical process in method hot rolling technique, and when plate is repeatedly assembled, surrounding must carry out seal welding with blend stop, and welding manner is generally submerged-arc welding or CO2 protection weldering.For the composite plate of below thickness 50mm, usually because basic unit is different with the resistance of deformation of composite bed, during rolling, generation bends by composite plate, therefore normal employing symmetry rolling method, be stacked together symmetrically by two groups of composition metal combinations, place separation layer in the middle of it, surrounding in addition soldering and sealing, is then rolled.Rolling thickness is greater than to the composite plate of 50mm, outlier rolling or half interlayer rolling can be used.Method hot rolling method production composite plate tool is adopted to have the following advantages: 1, can give full play to the ductility under the rolling power of milling train and material at high temperature, product size scope is wide, can produce the large template of long and wide various thickness specifications.2, easily industrially realize stablizing and the large-scale production of economy, production cost is lower.3, the pollution of nonmetallic inclusion to junction surface can be reduced, obtain homogeneous joint.
But applicant finds in long term production, conventional method hot rolling method needs nonmetallic inclusion to composite plate material cleaning for bonding composite surface and oxide film, process is vacuumized to composite surface, also a series of welding operation will be carried out simultaneously, after having welded, 600 ~ 1350 DEG C need be heated to entire plate and just can be rolled., obvious like this difficulty and the production time increasing composite metal plate production.Meanwhile, above-mentioned method hot rolling method can not carry out Continuous maching to plate, can only the processing of one piece of plate, one piece of plate, significantly reduces the production efficiency of composite metal plate.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention will provide a kind of production difficulty low exactly, and the ratio-frequency welding that production efficiency is high rolls multilayer composite sheet process units and method.
For realizing this object, the ratio-frequency welding designed by the present invention rolls multilayer composite sheet process units, it is characterized in that: comprise milling train, first multiple material volume guide roller, second multiple material volume guide roller, the rolls guide roller between guide roller is rolled up at the first multiple material volume guide roller and the second multiple material, be arranged on the first multiple material volume guide roller rear and first conductive rollers that can contact with the corresponding first multiple material plate composite surface, be arranged on the second multiple material volume guide roller rear and second conductive rollers that can contact with the corresponding second multiple material plate composite surface, be arranged on rolls guide roller rear and the group of conductive rollers up and down that can contact with bottom surface with the end face of corresponding base material plate, be arranged on the first conductive rollers, second conductive rollers and upper and lower conductive rollers group rear and can by the first multiple material plate, the pinch roll of the second multiple material plate and base material sheet material clamping, guide and guard between pinch roll and milling train, the composite plate material guide roller be connected with milling train output, wherein, pinch roll is led in one end of described guide and guard, and the other end of guide and guard leads to the input of milling train, the described first multiple material volume guide roller, the front of rolls guide roller and the second multiple material volume guide roller is respectively equipped with uncoiler, and the rear of composite plate material guide roller is provided with coiling machine.
Further, the roll surface of described first conductive rollers, the second conductive rollers and upper and lower conductive rollers group has been evenly arranged multiple groove respectively.
Further, the groove depth scope of described each groove is 0.3 ~ 3mm, and the opening portion width range of groove is 0.5 ~ 5.0mm, and the slot bottom width scope of groove is 0.3 ~ 3.0mm, and the distance range between adjacent two grooves is 0.1 ~ 0.3mm.
Utilize above-mentioned ratio-frequency welding a to roll method that multilayer composite sheet process units carries out multilayer composite sheet production, it is characterized in that, it comprises the steps:
Step 1: the first multiple material volume, the second multiple material volume and rolls are obtained the first multiple material plate to be composite, the second multiple material plate and base material plate respectively by uncoiler uncoiling;
Step 2: by the first multiple material plate, the second multiple material plate and base material plate take the lead introduce the first multiple material volume guide roller, the second multiple material volume guide roller and rolls guide roller respectively;
Step 3: the first multiple material plate, the second multiple material plate and base material plate are sent into the first conductive rollers, the second conductive rollers and conductive rollers group up and down by the first multiple material volume guide roller, the second multiple material volume guide roller and rolls guide roller respectively, the first conductive rollers, the second conductive rollers and up and down conductive rollers group the composite contact face of the first multiple material plate, the second multiple material plate and base material plate is heated to molten condition by the high frequency electric of 100KHz ~ 10MHz simultaneously;
Step 4: composite contact face is heated to the first multiple material plate of molten condition, the second multiple material plate and base material plate through the welding of pinch roll automatic impaction, through to compress and multilayer plate after welding is conveyed into milling train by guide and guard and is rolled and forms MULTILAYER COMPOSITE band;
Step 5: described MULTILAYER COMPOSITE band is transported to coiling machine by composite plate material guide roller and forms Combined roll.
Further, by controlling the cold roling reduction of milling train in described step 4, the MULTILAYER COMPOSITE band producing multi-thickness specification can be realized.
Further, in described step 1, the first multiple material plate, the second multiple material plate and base material plate carry out removing surface process before entering the first multiple material volume guide roller, the second multiple material volume guide roller and rolls guide roller respectively.
Further, described step 4, in pinch roll, the first multiple material plate and the second multiple material plate are respectively with end face and the bottom surface automatic impaction of base material plate with weld.
Further, the composite contact surface temperature of described molten condition is 400 ~ 1450 DEG C.
Further, it also comprises step 6: to carry out reversible cold rolling from the nearest uncoiler of milling train as the coiling machine of reversable mill.
The high frequency electric that the present invention is discharged by conductive rollers and pinch roll achieve and the first multiple material plate, the second multiple material plate and base material plate are combined into MULTILAYER COMPOSITE band together with milling train.Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
1, the present invention is applicable to the compound of multiple material; Due to the principle of the Kelvin effect and approach effect that present invention utilizes high frequency electric, only the contact surface of bi-material is heated, until molten condition, and composite itself is not required.
As two-sided same Material cladding:
Copper-steel-copper composite plate, steel band is as mother metal, and copper or copper alloy are as composite bed; Aluminium-steel-aluminum composite plate, steel band is as mother metal, and aluminum or aluminum alloy is as composite bed; Stainless steel-steel-stainless steel clad plate, steel band is as mother metal, and stainless steel is as composite bed; Solder for Al-Cu Joint Welding-aluminum composite plate, copper strips is as mother metal, and aluminum or aluminum alloy is as composite bed;
The compound of two-sided different materials:
Copper-steel-aluminium compound, stainless steel-steel-aluminium compound, stainless steel-steel-copper compound etc.
In addition, the present invention can also produce zinc-steel-zinc composite plate, and zinc-steel-zinc composite plate is equivalent to strip hot-dip galvanizing, can cancel the sinking roller in zinc pot, decrease the processing step during strip hot-dip galvanizing when adopting the present invention to carry out strip hot-dip galvanizing.
2, this method is applicable to the compound of multi-thickness stock board, by selecting the thickness proportion of layers of material, realizes the thickness proportion that mother metal is different with composite bed; By determining different cold roling reductions, the composite strip of multi-thickness specification can be produced.
3, this method technological process is continuous, compact, and technique adjustment is simple and convenient; Traditional method hot rolling method can only the processing of one piece of plate, one piece of plate, and the present invention can realize the Continuous maching of band.
4, the method is because being continuous prodution, has clear superiority to the composite plate of the Thin Specs of production rolling, can directly roll thinner thickness by milling train.
5, the present invention does not need to vacuumize process to composite plate material, reduces the production cost of composite plate material, improves the production efficiency of composite plate material.
6, the present invention does not need to heat whole coil of strip and whole piece band, and only add the contact surface needing heat 1 ~ 5mm, energy-saving effect is remarkable.
7, the present invention due to contact surface temperature high, and matrix material bulk temperature is lower, and about 30 ~ 200 DEG C, rolling belongs to Cold Rolled Strip, and therefore composite surface quality is good, and intensity is high.Be better than the composite plate that other Compound Machining mode is produced.
Figure of description
Fig. 1 is the structural representation that ratio-frequency welding of the present invention rolls multilayer composite sheet process units;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the roll surface of the first conductive rollers in the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the roll surface of the second conductive rollers in the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the roll surface of upper and lower conductive rollers group in the present invention.
Wherein, the 1-the first multiple material volume guide roller, 2-rolls guide roller, the 3-the second multiple material volume guide roller, 4-Combined roll, the 5-the first multiple material plate, the 6-the first conductive rollers, the 7-the second multiple material plate, the 8-the second conductive rollers, 9-base material plate, 10-conductive rollers group, 11-pinch roll, 12-guide and guard, 13-milling train, 14-composite plate material guide roller, 15-groove, the 16-the first multiple material volume, the 17-the second multiple material volume, 18-rolls, 19-MULTILAYER COMPOSITE band, 20-uncoiler, 21-coiling machine up and down.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail:
Ratio-frequency welding as shown in figures 1-4 rolls multilayer composite sheet process units, comprise milling train 13, first multiple material volume guide roller 1, second multiple material volume guide roller 3, the rolls guide roller 2 between guide roller 3 is rolled up at the first multiple material volume guide roller 1 and the second multiple material, be arranged on the first multiple material volume guide roller 1 rear and first conductive rollers 6 that can contact with the corresponding first multiple material plate 5 composite surface, be arranged on the second multiple material volume guide roller 3 rear and second conductive rollers 8 that can contact with the corresponding second multiple material plate 7 composite surface, be arranged on rolls guide roller 2 rear and the group of conductive rollers up and down 10 that can contact with bottom surface with the end face of corresponding base material plate 9, be arranged on the first conductive rollers 6, second conductive rollers 8 and upper and lower conductive rollers group 10 rear and can by the first multiple material plate 5, the pinch roll 11 that second multiple material plate 7 and base material plate 9 clamp, guide and guard 12 between pinch roll 11 and milling train 13, the composite plate material guide roller 14 be connected with milling train 13 output, wherein, pinch roll 11 is led in one end of guide and guard 12, the other end of guide and guard 12 leads to the input of milling train 13, described first multiple material volume guide roller 1, the front of rolls guide roller 2 and the second multiple material volume guide roller 3 is respectively equipped with uncoiler 20, the rear of composite plate material guide roller 14 is provided with coiling machine 21.
In technique scheme, the roll surface of described first conductive rollers 6, second conductive rollers 8 and up and down conductive rollers group 10 has been evenly arranged multiple groove 15 respectively.This is after the width >=100mm due to plate, the unevenness of plate shape obviously shows, the not gentle flatness defect of band can cause conduction roll surface and band contact surface uneven, cause uneven in conduction surfaces of electric current, cause the melting of band contact position uneven, during rolling, pressure is uneven, and end properties is uneven.Facts have proved, channeled surfaces is made on conductive rollers surface, can make strip surface uniform current, the material adhesion after compound is strong, and performance is even.The groove depth H scope of each groove 15 is 0.3 ~ 3mm, and opening portion width B 1 scope of groove 15 is 0.5 ~ 5.0mm, and the slot bottom width B2 scope of groove 15 is 0.3 ~ 3.0mm, and the distance B scope between adjacent two grooves 15 is 0.1 ~ 0.3mm.Above-mentioned multiple groove 15 is evenly distributed on conductive rollers surface, thus the current density of belt steel surface is uniformly distributed along strip width direction, the even heat of contact wire (face) between the multi-layer tapes in pinch roll.Above-mentioned size design can improve the accuracy that conductive rollers roll surface coordinates with strip surface further, ensure that being uniformly distributed of strip surface electric current.
A kind of utilize above-mentioned ratio-frequency welding to roll method that multilayer composite sheet process units carries out multilayer composite sheet production, the method on the whole, corresponding uncoiler 20 sent into by the roll coil of strip, control to ensure the glacing flatness of band and good centering by tension force, after band enters conductive rollers by guide roller, high frequency electric carries out on-line heating to band, and the scope of heating is from conductive rollers to this loop of guide and guards entrance.High frequency electric imports from conductive rollers, online Fast Heating is carried out to strip surface shallow-layer, when arriving pinch roll, band contacts with each other and makes heat reach the highest, thus form the condition of welding, multi-layer tapes enters milling train and carries out a Rolling compund again after welding, makes the composite performance of different band reach best.
The present invention includes following steps specifically:
Step 1: the first multiple material volume 16, second multiple material volume 17 and rolls 18 are obtained the multiple material plate 7 of the first multiple material plate 5, second to be composite and base material plate 9 respectively by uncoiler 20 uncoiling;
Step 2: by the multiple material plate 7 of the first multiple material plate 5, second and base material plate 9 take the lead introduce the first multiple material volume guide roller 3 of multiple material volume guide roller 1, second and rolls guide roller 2 respectively;
Step 3: guide roller 1, second multiple material volume guide roller 3 rolled up by the first multiple material and the multiple material plate 7 of the first multiple material plate 5, second and base material plate 9 are sent into the first conductive rollers 6, second conductive rollers 8 and upper and lower conductive rollers group 10 by rolls guide roller 2 respectively, the composite contact face of the multiple material plate 7 of the first multiple material plate 5, second and base material plate 9 is heated to molten condition by the high frequency electric of 100KHz ~ 10MHz by the first conductive rollers 6, second conductive rollers 8 and up and down conductive rollers group 10 simultaneously, and does not need to heat other material and surface;
Step 4: composite contact face is heated to the automatic impaction welding (when arriving pinch roll 11 when pinch roll 11 of the multiple material plate 7 of the first multiple material plate 5, second of molten condition and base material plate 9, band contacts with each other and makes heat reach the highest, thus form the condition of welding), through to compress and multilayer plate after welding is conveyed into milling train 13 by guide and guard 12 and is rolled and forms MULTILAYER COMPOSITE band 19;
Step 5: described MULTILAYER COMPOSITE band 19 is transported to coiling machine 21 by composite plate material guide roller 14 and forms Combined roll 4.
In the step 4 of technique scheme, by controlling the cold roling reduction of milling train 13, the MULTILAYER COMPOSITE band 19 producing multi-thickness specification can be realized.
In the step 1 of technique scheme, the multiple material plate 7 of the first multiple material plate 5, second and base material plate 9 carry out removing surface process before entering the first multiple material volume guide roller 3 of multiple material volume guide roller 1, second and rolls guide roller 2 respectively.
The step 4 of technique scheme, in pinch roll 11, the first multiple material plate 5 and the second multiple material plate 7 are respectively with end face and the bottom surface automatic impaction of base material plate 9 with weld.
In technique scheme, the composite contact surface temperature of described molten condition is 400 ~ 1450 DEG C.The material of different melting points, the temperature needed for its melting is different, and the material of low melting point first reaches molten condition.
In technique scheme, as needed thinner material thickness, to carry out reversible cold rolling, until roll into required thickness from the nearest uncoiler of milling train 13 as the coiling machine of reversable mill.
Present invention utilizes the kelvin effect of high frequency electric and the kindred effect of high frequency electric carries out Combined Processing to plate, when the kelvin effect of high frequency electric refers to that high frequency electric flows through conductor, the magnetic line of force that conductive surface is coupled than center reduces, therefore its counter electromotive force and induction reactance little, result makes high-frequency ac current concentrate on flowing in the very shallow degree of depth of conductive surface, along with the rising of power frequency, it is more obvious that kelvin effect shows.The kindred effect of high frequency electric refers to high frequency electric reverse flow or when a reciprocal conductor flowing, current convergence flows in the adjacent side of conductor each other in two conductors.
The content that description is not described in detail belongs to the known prior art of professional and technical personnel in the field.

Claims (8)

1. a ratio-frequency welding rolls multilayer composite sheet process units, it is characterized in that: comprise milling train (13), first multiple material volume guide roller (1), second multiple material volume guide roller (3), the rolls guide roller (2) between guide roller (3) rolled up by material volume guide roller (1) and the second multiple material to be again positioned at first, be arranged on the first multiple material volume guide roller (1) rear and first conductive rollers (6) that can contact with the corresponding first multiple material plate (5) composite surface, be arranged on the second multiple material volume guide roller (3) rear and second conductive rollers (8) that can contact with the corresponding second multiple material plate (7) composite surface, be arranged on rolls guide roller (2) rear and the group of conductive rollers up and down (10) that can contact with bottom surface with the end face of corresponding base material plate (9), be arranged on the first conductive rollers (6), second conductive rollers (8) and upper and lower conductive rollers group (10) rear and can by the first multiple material plate (5), the pinch roll (11) that second multiple material plate (7) and base material plate (9) clamp, be positioned at the guide and guard (12) between pinch roll (11) and milling train (13), the composite plate material guide roller (14) be connected with milling train (13) output, wherein, pinch roll (11) is led in one end of described guide and guard (12), the other end of guide and guard (12) leads to the input of milling train (13), described first multiple material volume guide roller (1), the front of rolls guide roller (2) and the second multiple material volume guide roller (3) is respectively equipped with uncoiler (20), the rear of composite plate material guide roller (14) is provided with coiling machine (21), the roll surface of described first conductive rollers (6), the second conductive rollers (8) and upper and lower conductive rollers group (10) has been evenly arranged multiple groove (15) respectively.
2. ratio-frequency welding according to claim 1 rolls multilayer composite sheet process units, it is characterized in that: the groove depth scope of each described groove (15) is 0.3 ~ 3mm, the opening portion width range of groove (15) is 0.5 ~ 5.0mm, the slot bottom width scope of groove (15) is 0.3 ~ 3.0mm, and the distance range between adjacent two grooves (15) is 0.1 ~ 0.3mm.
3. utilize ratio-frequency welding described in claim 1 a to roll method that multilayer composite sheet process units carries out multilayer composite sheet production, it is characterized in that, it comprises the steps:
Step 1: the first multiple material volume (16), the second multiple material volume (17) and rolls (18) are obtained the first multiple material plate (5) to be composite, the second multiple material plate (7) and base material plate (9) respectively by uncoiler (20) uncoiling;
Step 2: by the first multiple material plate (5), the second multiple material plate (7) and base material plate (9) take the lead introduce the first multiple material volume guide roller (1) respectively, the second multiple material rolls up guide roller (3) and rolls guide roller (2);
Step 3: the first multiple material volume guide roller (1), second multiple material volume guide roller (3) and rolls guide roller (2) are respectively by the first multiple material plate (5), the first conductive rollers (6) sent into by second multiple material plate (7) and base material plate (9), second conductive rollers (8) and upper and lower conductive rollers group (10), first conductive rollers (6), second conductive rollers (8) and upper and lower conductive rollers group (10) answer material plate (5) by first by the high frequency electric of 100KHz ~ 10MHz simultaneously, the composite contact face of the second multiple material plate (7) and base material plate (9) is heated to molten condition,
Step 4: composite contact face is heated to the first multiple material plate (5) of molten condition, the second multiple material plate (7) and base material plate (9) automatic impaction welding when pinch roll (11), the multilayer plate after compressing and welding is conveyed into milling train (13) by guide and guard (12) and is rolled and forms MULTILAYER COMPOSITE band (19);
Step 5: described MULTILAYER COMPOSITE band (19) is transported to coiling machine (21) by composite plate material guide roller (14) and forms Combined roll (4).
4. the method for multilayer composite sheet production according to claim 3, is characterized in that: by controlling the cold roling reduction of milling train (13) in described step 4, can realize the MULTILAYER COMPOSITE band (19) producing multi-thickness specification.
5. the method for multilayer composite sheet production according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: in described step 1, the first multiple material plate (5), the second multiple material plate (7) and base material plate (9) enter the first multiple material volume guide roller (1), guide roller (3) rolled up by the second multiple material and rolls guide roller (2) is front carries out removing surface process respectively.
6. the method for multilayer composite sheet production according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described step 4, in pinch roll (11), the first multiple material plate (5) and second answers material plate (7) respectively with end face and the bottom surface automatic impaction of base material plate (9) with weld.
7. the method for multilayer composite sheet production according to claim 3, is characterized in that: the composite contact surface temperature of described molten condition is 400 ~ 1450 DEG C.
8. the multilayer composite sheet according to claim 3 method of producing, is characterized in that: it also comprises step 6: to carry out reversible cold rolling from the nearest uncoiler (20) of milling train (13) as the coiling machine of reversable mill.
CN201310403515.1A 2013-09-06 2013-09-06 Device and method for producing high-frequency roll welding multilayer composite plate Expired - Fee Related CN103464505B (en)

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