CN103461307A - Individual fruit tree accurate spraying control method based on RFID (Radio Frequency Identification Device) and equipment - Google Patents
Individual fruit tree accurate spraying control method based on RFID (Radio Frequency Identification Device) and equipment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses an individual fruit tree accurate spraying control method based on an RFID (Radio Frequency Identification Device). The method comprises the following steps: reading electronic tags arranged on fruit trees by using an RFID module; controlling the medicinal flow of a spraying machine by using a processor according to read fruit tree numbers and matched formulae to realize accurate spraying of different individual fruit trees. The invention further provides corresponding accurate spraying control equipment, which comprises an RFID module, a core processor module and a spraying control module. According to the method and the equipment, unique identity of an individual fruit tree is realized; the equipment is used for scanning fruit tree tags and inquiring the formula information of corresponding fruit trees through the RFID module, the spraying machine is used for opening an electromagnetic valve through an ARM processor according to the formula information, a flow sensor is started at the same time, the on time of the electromagnetic valve is controlled by comparing a dose fed back by the flow sensor with a prescribed dose, and the dose acquired finally by using the flow sensor is stored, so that accurate spraying operation and automatic recording of spraying parameters are realized, and a basis for improving the quality, safety and tracing of fruits is laid.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the modern agricultural technology field, particularly the individual precisely spraying control method and apparatus of a kind of fruit tree based on RFID.
Background technology
China's orchard planting area and output all rank first in the world, but impact and restriction due to factors such as fruit variety, cropping pattern, individual difference and pesticide application technologies, the frequent generation of damage by disease and insect but can not get effective control, thereby causes shedding, inferior fruit and bad fruit, has a strong impact on the fruit quality; Simultaneously, frequent extensive Agro-chemicals control and the dispenser facility that fall behind and pesticide application technology have increased Financial cost and the orchard worker's labour intensity that runs in orchard.Orchard dispenser link labour intensity is large, and work under bad environment has urgent demand to equipment for plant protection.
The main mode that relies on artificial spray of the spray medicine in China orchard operation at present, there is the phenomenon that pesticide variety is mixed, improve arbitrarily spray concentration and dosage, abuse high-toxic pesticide, continuous several times use same chemical control same target, medicine is only sprayed by rule of thumb in peasant household, and this has caused serious impact to fruit and environment.In recent years, orchard spray medicine facility has had tremendous development, orchard pipeline spray medicine facility occurred and target spray medicine electrostatic sprayer, the intelligence spray medicine equipment based on ARM, the variable-ratio spraying system based on laser scanning etc. have been sprayed to medicine equipment, but it does not carry out precisely careful operation and management according to the difference of fruit tree individuality, extensive problem is recorded in existence, and this has caused very large impact to fruit quality and fruit product information source tracing.
The basic principle of RFID is to utilize radiofrequency signal and Space Coupling (inductance or electromagnetic coupled) transmission characteristic, realization is to being identified the automatic identification of object, the characteristics such as it has noncontact, distance of reaction is far away, penetration power is strong, the energy storage data also can be read and write, long service life, it is lower to environmental requirement, good environmental adaptability.At present, the RFID technology is widely used in the fields such as animal identification and tracking, foodstuff traceability, simplified production procedure by utilizing the RFID technology automatically to identify, store the characteristics such as data, realized the economic interests maximization, this makes this technology become the study hotspot of application facet in recent years, automatically the automatic identification that the characteristics of identification are fruit tree, realize that the autostore of spray medicine information provides technical foundation.Therefore set up the electronic record of a correspondence for different fruit tree individualities, significant to the output and the quality that improve fruit.But do not have at present corresponding technology.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the shortcoming of above-mentioned prior art, the object of the present invention is to provide the individual precisely spraying control method and apparatus of a kind of fruit tree based on RFID, realized the unique identify label to the fruit tree individuality, equipment is by RFID module scanning fruit tree label and inquire about the prescription information of corresponding fruit tree, spraying machine is opened magnetic valve according to prescription information by arm processor, start flow sensor simultaneously, the conduction time of controlling magnetic valve by dose and the recipe quantity of contrast flow sensor feedback, and the dose of storage final flow rate sensor collection, realized spraying accurately the automatic record of medicine operation and spray medicine parameter, for reaching safely to trace to the source, the raising fruit quality lays a good foundation.
To achieve these goals, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
A kind of individual precisely spraying control method of fruit tree based on RFID, utilize the RFID module to read the electronic tag be arranged on fruit tree, processor reads numbering and coupling prescription according to the RFID module, controls the drug flux of spraying machine, realizes the accurate spray medicine to different fruit tree individualities.
In spray medicine process, the drug flux of Real-time Collection spraying machine, and feed back to processor, the drug flux contrast with setting, realize the real-time monitoring to spray value.
In spray medicine process, the spray regimen that processor is taked each electronic tag is recorded and is stored.
The present invention provides a kind of fruit tree based on RFID individual precisely spraying control equipment simultaneously, comprising:
The RFID module, the electronic tag based on being arranged on fruit tree, realize the individual identification of fruit tree by wireless mode, and by the numbered transmission that reads to the core processor module;
The core processor module, receive the transmission information of RFID module, and matched with the prescription information of internal memory, and according to the difference prescription, output controls signal to the spraying control module accordingly;
The spraying control module, comprise the spraying machine magnetic valve that connects the core processor module control signal and the turbine flow transducer that is arranged at spraying machine nozzle position place, the opening and closing time of spraying machine magnetic valve is controlled by described control signal, turbine flow transducer gathers the nozzle position real-time traffic, and the setting drug dose be back in core processor module and prescription information compares, the real-time monitoring of realization to control signal, realize precisely operation.
It is core that described RFID module be take hyperfrequency read-write chip AS3990, transmits by being amplified through power amplifier after hyperfrequency read-write chip AS3990 emission, then is sent by ceramic antenna through isolator, thereby improve reading/writing distance; After the reception signal is received by ceramic antenna, deliver to the input of hyperfrequency read-write chip AS3990 through isolator, after mixing, gain, filtering, digitlization, by the RS232 serial ports, deliver to the core processor module.
Described hyperfrequency read-write chip AS3990 is circumscribed with a voltage controlled oscillator, to reduce phase noise, improves chip stability.
Described core processor module be take risc processor S3C2440 as core.
Described prescription information comprises fruit tree numbering, fruit variety, medicine name and drug dose, according to fruit tree numbering and the numbering that reads from the RFID module, matches identification.
Also comprise the user interactive module that connects the core processor module, for spray medicine parameter is set, and show spray medicine parameter and prescription information.
Described electronic tag is passive electronic label, adopts the frequency hopping mode of operation.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1) the present invention is based on the RFID technology, the arm processor of take sprays medicine equipment in a set of orchard accurately as core design goes out, and the prescription map that this equipment can provide according to expert decision system is sprayed the medicine operation accurately, has realized the fine-grained medicine spraying tube reason of orchard fruit tree.
2) the present invention is sprayed medicine equipment and can be managed spray medicine operation, during work, can automatically accurately record the fruit tree operating parameter, has broken through the extensive problem of manual record, for the service of tracing to the source provides real data basis.
3) by the accurate spraying control experiment of equipment, drawn: equipment is in normal operation circumstances, and the departure of spray value≤5%, meet the accurately requirement of spray medicine.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the hardware configuration schematic diagram that medicine equipment is sprayed in the present invention.
Fig. 2 is core processor module frame chart of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is RFID module hardware structure chart of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is spraying machine structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is that medicine information management module block diagram is sprayed in the present invention.
Embodiment
Describe embodiments of the present invention in detail below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
As shown in Figure 1, the individual precisely spraying control equipment of a kind of fruit tree based on RFID of the present invention mainly is comprised of core processor module, RFID module, spraying control module, user interactive module, power module and ancillary equipment.The core processor module completes the control to the management of fruit tree information and spraying machine system; The RFID module realizes the automatic identification to the fruit tree label, for core processor module and the operation of spraying control module controls spraying machine provide foundation; Spraying control completes the accurate control to spraying machine, for spray medicine operating data provides safeguard; User interactive module is used for for spray medicine parameter is set, and shows spray medicine parameter and prescription information etc.; Power module is that modules is powered.
As shown in Figure 2,16/32 the risc processor S3C2440 that selects Samsung company to release is core to the core processor modular structure, is arm processor.It completes the management to orchard sprayer spraying fruit tree medicine information, prescription information, fruit tree information, it is the control axis of control module simultaneously, the spraying machine magnetic valve is sent to control instruction, the dose information of collection analysis flow sensor, by relatively collection capacity and recipe quantity or settings are controlled magnetic valve, realize the break-make of spray medicine operation, complete the accurate spray medicine operation of spraying machine to fruit tree.The peripheral circuit of processor expansion has: directly control the I/O interface that magnetic valve opens and closes; The RS232 interface of RFID module; Realize the WAFER connector of sensor flow reception of impulse; Realize the UART0 of program or reading and writing data and the USB mouth of expanding for mouse; The LCD expansion slot that connects LCD display; The SD expansion slot in extension storage space.
The RFID modular structure as shown in Figure 3, the AS3990 chip that the Austrian microsystems of take is developed is core, this chip has the characteristics of the high and low power consumption of integrated level, integrated receiving circuit, transtation mission circuit, conversion unit of protocol in chip, support ISO18000-6B, the read-write of EPC CLASS1G2 standard electronic label, operating frequency range 300-928MHz, meet remote read-write requirement.Module adopts special-purpose external ceramic antenna to improve reading/writing distance, and the signal after amplifying by PA is sent by antenna by isolator.Signal through antenna reception is transported to the input MIXS-IN of AS3990 by isolator, deliver to S3C2440 by the RS232 serial ports and process after mixing, gain, filtering, digitlization.For reducing the impact of phase noise on readwrite performance, the external voltage controlled oscillator of circuit (VOC) improves chip stability.
RFID module practical function: 1, the associating core processor to electronic tag EPC district according to the tag identification code structure unified, the modification of standard; 2, complete the individual identification of fruit tree by the mode of wireless identification, and pass the numbering read back the ARM core processor and carry out the prescription information inquiry, to complete accurate spray medicine operation.
The spraying control module, comprise the spraying machine magnetic valve that connects the core processor module control signal and the turbine flow transducer that is arranged at spraying machine nozzle position place.The spraying control module completes the quantitative control to spray value, it forms closed-loop control by arm processor, magnetic valve, turbine flow transducer, the prescription information that the spray medicine parameter arranged according to the operator by arm processor or fruit tree that RFID scans numbering inquire, by I/O mouth control relay opens solenoid valve, analyze contrast flow sensor feedback spray medicine information and recipe quantity simultaneously, magnetic valve is accurately controlled conduction time.
Magnetic valve adopts the UD-C-10 type miniature electromagnetic valve that the roc valve is produced forever, its important technological parameters: rated operational voltage 12VDC, pattern: closed type, operating pressure 0～10kg/cm2, flow aperture 10mm.Because arm processor I/O mouth output voltage is 3.3V, so, by I/O mouth control relay, be switched on or switched off magnetic valve two ends 12V dc source, complete the control to magnetic valve.
The shower nozzle spray value adopts the LWGYA type turbine flow transducer that magnificent letter flow amount instrument Co., Ltd produces to measure, it has two kinds of metal and plastic casings, select the plastic casing type sensor of lighter weight, its important technological parameters: operating voltage DC5-12V, inside nominal diameter 4-200mm, output form is impulse form, flow measurement range 0.04～800m3/h, certainty of measurement ± 0.5%.Can only receive amplitude due to the I/O mouth of arm processor is the 3.3V voltage signal, and the pulse of turbine flow transducer output voltage is the 8V left and right, the signal received after signal by photoelectric isolated chip TLP521 flow sensor by the WAFER interface carries out conversion process, finally delivers to ARM and processes and read.
Each module of electric power source pair of module equipment is powered, according to each module demand of equipment, and wherein turbine flow transducer, magnetic valve, centrifugal pump rated voltage 12V, scan module rated voltage 9V, ARM core processor and user interactive module rated voltage 5V.Equipment adopts the 12V direct-flow storage battery, and turbine flow transducer, magnetic valve, centrifugal pump are directly by the 12V Power supply; 9V voltage is changed by the ECG184 transistor circuit; The change-over circuit that the 5V power acquisition forms with the MC7805 chip is changed.
The user interactive module hardware components comprises LCD touch-screen and mouse, has realized the summary of the visual and parameter setting of the management to spraying medicine information.Equipment adopts the TFT touch-screen to be shown, the mode that the operator can be by touch-control is to operate, and in ARM, information can map to screen and shown simultaneously, as spray medicine information, prescription information etc.Owing to showing in touch-screen that dummy keyboard is less, touch accuracy not high, equipment provides mouse USB ECP Extended Capabilities Port, the operations such as reduced parameter setting, selection.
The RFID electronic tag can be divided into active electronic label and passive electronic label two classes, and its exemplary operation frequency is 433.92MHz, 862 (902)～928MHz, 2.45GHz, 5.8GHz.Use the 915MHz passive electronic label, it adopts the frequency hopping mode of operation, there is antijamming capability, the user can customize the read-write normal data, decipherment distance is generally 4～7m, more than can reaching 10m farthest, passive label has that cost is low, volume is little, reliability is high, to characteristics, the realistic demand such as environmental requirement is low.
Spraying machine adopts board 20L power spraye under city, rated operational voltage 12V, main circuit will consist of centrifugal pump 2, switch, 12V accumulator, regulating circuit and manometer, through repacking, accumulator is connected with power module, obtaining 9V, 5V supply voltage by the different switching circuit, is device scan module and core processor module for power supply; Centrifugal pump 2 draws liquid from medicine-chest 1, and magnetic valve 3 is installed on centrifugal pump 2 water outlets, by Control 12V Power supply, for controlling the break-make of spray medicine; Turbine flow transducer 4 is installed on the shower nozzle place, by wire, with core processor module and power supply, is connected, and for the Real-time Collection to spray value, after being processed by the core processor module analysis, completes the accurate control to spraying machine.The spraying machine design as shown in Figure 4.
Equipment operating software of the present invention is based on WINCE operating system, adopt Visual Studio2008 IDE and C# programming language to design and develop, mainly formed by sprayer spraying fruit tree medicine information management module software, the individual encoding and identification algorithm of fruit tree, the accurate spraying control algorithm of fruit tree, system setting.Sprayer spraying fruit tree medicine information management module realizes that the control for control module simultaneously provides operating data to the management of spray medicine information, prescription information, fruit tree information; The individual coding of fruit tree is the unique identification that the RFID label coding is realized fruit tree, and the recognizer main services, in control module, during the spray medicine, calls the automatic identification that the RFID driver is realized fruit tree, for the accurate operation of control module provides safeguard; Control module relies on spray medicine information management module spray medicine parameter information to be operated, and calls accurate spraying control algorithm and realizes accurate spraying control, and practical operation information is stored, for management provides Information base; System arranges module and mainly the equipment time, RFID scan module parameter etc. is arranged.
The fruit tree information management module provides maintenance of information and spray medicine parameter setting function, comprises that the record management of spray medicine, spray medicine operating parameter arrange, prescription information is safeguarded and the fruit tree maintenance of information.As shown in Figure 5, the record management of spray medicine provides historical spray medicine operation information look facility, by reading the background data base content, show the contents such as each fruit tree numbering operated, medicine name, drug dose, operator, mode of operation, date of operation in tables of data, for follow-up spray medicine operation provides reference; Medicine name, consumption and method of application that spray medicine operating parameter arranges the operation of spray medicine are arranged, and for precisely operating Data support is provided, have operated rear parameters and have together deposited in background data base together with system time and operator; The fruit tree maintenance of information provides newly-increased fruit tree function, can delete the information of the fruit tree of dead or transplanting simultaneously, takes full advantage of space encoder; It is support that prescription information safeguards to have now expert decision-making software, produces the fruit tree prescription information, or instructs and set up prescription information by the expert, for rationally spraying accurately the medicine operation, provides safeguard, and the user can revise or delete prescription information according to actual conditions.
For checking the present invention, start to carry out in base, Yang Ling apple nursery the close beta experiment in March, 2013, experiment adopts 5 electronic tags to be numbered respectively 1,2,3,4, No. 5, and it is hung in order on the fruit tree at 3-5m interval, the label front is also fixing over against passageway, near leaf branch label and other shelters are cleared up, prevented the interference to reading performance.
Equipment carries out 1～5 numbering according to coding rule to label by the RFID module, and carries out the setting of prescription information under 5 labels, and setting gradually recipe quantity is 0.5L, 1L, 2L, 5L, 10L; Open spray medicine equipment, from No. 1 label, successively the spray medicine of each label operated, turbine flow transducer is gathered spray value in real time, every 0.1s, gather once, contrast collection capacity and recipe quantity, analyze comparing result by arm processor and control the magnetic valve break-make, completes automatic control and precisely spray the medicine operation.Spray value is as the criterion with the actual acquisition amount, after having operated, detected value is saved in the database of respective labels.
By newly-built spray medicine operation, can interface be set in parameter medicine name, spray prescription formula and consumption are set, time and operator's system automatic acquisition.Spray medicine experimental data and analysis result are as shown in the table:
As can be seen from the above table, in the time of in normal operation circumstances, between the dose that recipe quantity and sensor record, max value of error is 3.67%, and minimum of a value is 1.36%.Analysis can produce the error main cause 3 aspects: 1) the prior underfill liquid of sensor; 2) the flow sensor coefficient k is fixed by water gauge, and Pesticides Testing is existed to certain error; 3) there is hysteresis quality in magnetic valve; 4) the sensor Information Monitoring time interval causes and controls sluggishness.
While starting due to spraying machine, spray medicine bar and Guan Zhongwu liquid, the flow sensor measurement causes certain influence, so need first to allow before operation to spray in the medicine bar, is full of liquid; The hysteresis quality existed during next solenoid control belongs to the system constant error, therefore improves the equipment control accuracy and can, by adopting more high sensitive electromagnetic valve, reduce and control the reaction time or carry out software algorithm optimization realization; The sensor Information Monitoring time interval is 0.1s, and during the time interval, flow is not interrupted and causes error, can improve precision by reducing the acquisition time interval.
In the time of can obtaining system and precisely spray the medicine operation by above-mentioned experiment, stable performance, the maximum departure of system is within 5%, and the devices illustrated design of hardware and software is reasonable, can realize the accurate spray medicine of orchard fruit tree is operated.
Claims (10)
1. the individual precisely spraying control method of fruit tree based on RFID, it is characterized in that, utilize the RFID module to read the electronic tag be arranged on fruit tree, the numbering that processor reads according to the RFID module and the prescription of coupling, control the drug flux of spraying machine, realize the accurate spray medicine to different fruit tree individualities.
2. the individual precisely spraying control method of the fruit tree based on RFID according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in spray medicine process, the drug flux of Real-time Collection spraying machine, and feeding back to processor, the drug flux contrast with setting, realize the real-time monitoring to spray value.
3. the individual precisely spraying control method of the fruit tree based on RFID according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in spray medicine process, the spray regimen that processor is taked each electronic tag is recorded and stores.
4. the individual precisely spraying control equipment of the fruit tree based on RFID, is characterized in that, comprising:
The RFID module, the electronic tag based on being arranged on fruit tree, realize the individual identification of fruit tree by wireless mode, and by the numbered transmission that reads to the core processor module;
The core processor module, receive the transmission information of RFID module, and matched with the prescription information of internal memory, and according to the difference prescription, output controls signal to the spraying control module accordingly;
The spraying control module, comprise the spraying machine magnetic valve that connects the core processor module control signal and the turbine flow transducer that is arranged at spraying machine nozzle position place, the opening and closing time of spraying machine magnetic valve is controlled by described control signal, turbine flow transducer gathers the nozzle position real-time traffic, and the setting drug dose be back in core processor module and prescription information compares, the real-time monitoring of realization to control signal, realize precisely operation.
5. the individual precisely spraying control equipment of fruit tree based on RFID according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, it is core that described RFID module be take hyperfrequency read-write chip AS3990, transmit by being amplified through power amplifier after hyperfrequency read-write chip AS3990 emission, sent by ceramic antenna through isolator again, thereby improve reading/writing distance; After the reception signal is received by ceramic antenna, deliver to the input of hyperfrequency read-write chip AS3990 through isolator, after mixing, gain, filtering, digitlization, by the RS232 serial ports, deliver to the core processor module.
6. the individual precisely spraying control equipment of the fruit tree based on RFID according to claim 5, is characterized in that, described hyperfrequency read-write chip AS3990 is circumscribed with a voltage controlled oscillator, to reduce phase noise, improves chip stability.
7. the individual precisely spraying control equipment of the fruit tree based on RFID according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described core processor module be take risc processor S3C2440 as core.
8. the individual precisely spraying control equipment of fruit tree based on RFID according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, described prescription information comprises fruit tree numbering, fruit variety, medicine name and drug dose, according to fruit tree numbering and the numbering that reads from the RFID module, matches identification.
9. the individual precisely spraying control equipment of the fruit tree based on RFID according to claim 4, is characterized in that, also comprises the user interactive module that connects the core processor module, for spray medicine parameter is set, and shows spray medicine parameter and prescription information.
10. the individual precisely spraying control equipment of the fruit tree based on RFID according to claim 4, is characterized in that, described electronic tag is passive electronic label, adopts the frequency hopping mode of operation.
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| CN116339292B (en) * | 2023-05-31 | 2023-09-19 | 北京市农林科学院智能装备技术研究中心 | Testing platform and testing method for accurate variable spraying control system |
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