CN103444064A - Device and method for DC/DC conversion in the onboard network of a vehicle - Google Patents
Device and method for DC/DC conversion in the onboard network of a vehicle Download PDFInfo
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- CN103444064A CN103444064A CN2011800626359A CN201180062635A CN103444064A CN 103444064 A CN103444064 A CN 103444064A CN 2011800626359 A CN2011800626359 A CN 2011800626359A CN 201180062635 A CN201180062635 A CN 201180062635A CN 103444064 A CN103444064 A CN 103444064A
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- transducer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/285—Single converters with a plurality of output stages connected in parallel
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
- H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
- H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a conversion device in the onboard network of a vehicle linked on the one hand to a stop-start module (11) comprising a starter-alternator and to a set of super-capacitors (12) and on the other hand to the 14 volt onboard network of the vehicle (13) and to a battery (14). This device comprises at least two differentiated DC/DC converters (20, 21), identical from a hardware and software point of view and disposed in parallel and linked to a supervisor by a communication system, with symmetric wiring at input and output, and means for learning the imbalance in wiring impedance over a predetermined period. The invention also relates to a method for conversion implementing this device.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the apparatus and method of for example, changing in the onboard power system of vehicle (, automobile).
Background technology
The known a series of solutions of people, they are easy to realize, and can put goods on the market rapidly on the different stage of vehicle hybrid.Allow to reduce significantly in such solution and consume and CO
2discharge.
There is " stop-start " (stop-moving) scheme of two kinds of complementations, or the starter from strengthening, or from alternator-starter.When vehicle stop, the stop-start function kills engine, and then restarts it to noiseless immediately.The starter strengthened allows to realize the stop-start function, in the European NEDC cycle (" New European Driving Cycle (new European driving pattern) "), consumes and reduces by 4 to 6%.Due to the Noninvasive of this system on the vehicle body architecture, can in the very short time, install.Realize that from alternator-starter the stop-start function provides different hybrid power levels, and thereby, provide and gain and reduce discharge on consuming.This alternating current generator
-the starter permission obtains the improvement of efficiency, because the vehicle travelled under some speed cuts off engine, consumes in European NEDC circulation and can reduce 6 to 8%, under busy urban transportation, goes directly 25%, and this one or more vehicle stop time surpasses 35%.This alternator-starter is installed, is replaced traditional alternating current generator, need a small amount of change on the vehicle body architecture.
In addition, there is a kind of embodiment that comprises ultracapacitor, allow to reclaim kinetic energy auxiliary heat force engine when needed when braking.So, as shown in Figure 1, in an embodiment of prior art, DC/DC transducer 10 is connected to stop-start module 11 and the energy storage module 12 based on ultracapacitor at input, and be connected to 14 volts of onboard power systems 13 at output, and be connected to battery 14 by switch 15.A solution doubles power by its high voltage managerial ability like this.At vehicle deceleration, on the stage, it plays electric brake to Thermal Motor, and to change the energy be recovered be electric energy, is stored in the ultracapacitor 12 that is suitable for frequent charge/discharge cycle.This electric power can be by means of DC/DC transducer 10, be discharged on 14 volts of onboard power systems 13, perhaps, by the alternator-starter recycling of stop-start module 11, restart Thermal Motor while with box lunch, using the stop-start function, or help out when requiring high power.It allows to reduce significantly the consumption of Thermal Motor, and the gain obtained in European NEDC circulation is estimated as between 10 to 12%.
So, for example, energy exchange between DC/DC transducer 10 managed floating electrical networks (, 24 volts of voltages of nominal) and 14 volts of vehicle electrical networks.But this DC/DC transducer 10 is for the 2.4kW power setting.It can not respond the power requirement between the 2.4kW to 4.8kW that in development, new vehicle occurs.
The present invention is intended to propose a solution, in the situation that the development time does not urgently allow to redesign the DC/DC transducer, allows the such requirement of response.
Summary of the invention
The present invention relates to the conversion equipment in a kind of onboard power system of vehicle, it is connected to the stop-start module that comprises alternator-starter and bank of super capacitors on the one hand, and be connected on the other hand 14 volts of onboard power systems and the battery of vehicle, it is characterized in that, it comprises at least two the DC/DC transducers being arranged in parallel same from the read fortune of hardware and software viewpoint, described transducer is connected to controller by communication system, at input and output, has symmetrical wiring; With the unbalanced device of periodic process learning wiring impedance definite.
Advantageously, device of the present invention also comprises the device that reinitializes.
Advantageously, the inventive system comprises two DC/DC transducers, each transducer comprises software module, software module receives from controller open/stall by the CAN bus and changes order, voltage setting value, the maximum current set point of carrying and voltage measurement signal and current measurement signal, rear and then hardware module, hardware module comprises two average modules, follow voltage control loop after an average module and follow current control loop after another average module, be connected to the set point computing module, rear and then Switching Power Supply, wherein this software module comprises voltage corrector and electric current corrector.
In an Implementation Modes, the inventive system comprises master controller and two and receive thus shared voltage setting value from transducer, and communicate between them, make input provide the voltage setting value of the transducer of less electric current to carry out self adaptation.Each transducer can comprise several modules:
Carry out current balance type and realize the module of learning phase according to temperature, be connected to:
The estimation block of value delta U=f (delta Ohm),
For the estimation block of the target voltage U_target of each transducer, its receives the U_target initial value that computing module provides, and the value delta U that provides of the estimation block of this value, and wherein adopts following algorithm:
" if lifting " DC/DC1,
(U_target_2=U_tar_init
With
U_target_1=U_tar_init+delta_U)
Otherwise, if " lifting " DC/DC2,
(U_target_1=U_tar_init
With
U_target_2=U_tar_init+delta_U)
Advantageously, it is included in the device that applies voltage bias on the voltage setting value that the DC/DC of less electric current transducer is provided.
Advantageously, the inventive system comprises the degraded mode processing apparatus, and diagnosis redundancy device.
The invention still further relates to the DC/DC conversion method in the onboard power system of the vehicle of implementing said apparatus, comprise the following steps:
Each transducer for example receives the step of shared voltage setting value from control unit or controller by communication system, and
Each transducer carries out the communication steps of the internal information of relevant electric current and internal temperature to another transducer, and
Change the step of the voltage setting value that puts on the DC/DC transducer according to temperature difference.
Advantageously, method of the present invention is included in the step that applies voltage bias on the voltage setting value that the DC/DC of less electric current transducer is provided.
Advantageously, method of the present invention comprises the following steps:
Each transducer is on a cycle of operation, by the electric current that its electric current and another transducer are provided, compare, record average current poor, then when this end cycle, store this difference, in each learning cycle process, from second round, the value of precedence record and the value of state-of-the-art record are averaging, complete this measurement
Record the mean temperature difference between these two transducers on the cycle of operation of same number, carry out " heat is relevant ", can suppress in case of necessity to revise after learning phase,
Apply voltage bias on the voltage setting value of the transducer that less electric current is provided, this biasing is uneven reckoning of wiring impedance of obtaining from learning phase.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 illustrates the device of prior art.
Fig. 2 and 3 illustrates device of the present invention.
Fig. 4 illustrates the distribution of the electric current between two DC/DC transducers that are arranged in parallel.
Fig. 5 illustrates corresponding temperature survey.
Useful life between two DC/DC transducers that Fig. 6 means to be arranged in parallel is about the Pareto curve chart of temperature difference (Δ T ℃).
Fig. 7 illustrates the wiring impedance existed between these two transducers of being arranged in parallel and load.
Fig. 8 illustrates the block diagram of the electric current and voltage adjusting of DC/DC transducer.
Fig. 9 illustrates the software adjustment principle of DC/DC transducer.
Figure 10 illustrates an execution mode of device of the present invention.
Figure 11 and 12 illustrates respectively and is not with according to heat balance strategy of the present invention with the control of heat balance strategy.
Figure 13 A and 13B illustrate respectively the compensation Delta_U (Δ U) according to Delta I (Δ I), and according to two examples of the compensation delta U of Delta Ohm.
Figure 14 illustrates in the Implementation Modes according to device of the present invention, the realization of the compensation of Figure 13 B in a DC/DC transducer.
Embodiment
In device of the present invention, as shown in Figure 2, consider to implement at least two DC/DC transducers in parallel (for example, 12V/24V) power structure of 20 and 21.In this Fig. 2, adopt the Reference numeral utilized on Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 illustrates the circuit diagram of the several DC/DC transducers that are arranged in parallel.These transducers 30 on the one hand, for example, are connected to controller (ECU) 31 by means of CAN bus 32, and are connected to power supply 33 and load 34 by interconnect module 35 and 36 on the other hand.
While realizing several DC/DC transducer of configuration in parallel like this, when stepup transformer or reducing transformer receive same set point regulation voltage, the electric current that each DC/DC transducer provides depends on the impedance of output cable.
Need such precision in the situation that make every effort to burning voltage; if make in controller or in each DC/DC transducer and there is no the internal current equilibrium strategy; with regard to the electric current in can not restriction one or another transducer and the risk of no-voltage collapse or voltage imbalance, just can't guarantee the balance of the electric current that provided by different transducers.
The DC/DC transducer be arranged in parallel for each is under cooling identical supposition, and the imbalance of electric current is caused by thermal unbalance between each transducer.The location of known these transducers, its thermal environment and refrigerating mode thereof be all unknown and also identical probability very little, thereby need to stipulate a kind of control strategy to these transducers.
Hereinafter, for simplified characterization, as non-limiting example, consider, transducer DC/DC1 and the DC/DC2 of one group of two parallel connection, and also these transducers have communication device between them, and communicate by letter with controller (ECU) by means of the CAN bus.
Present the temperature difference that records and the relation of the current imbalance between cooling the first and second DC/DC transducers (DC/DC1 and DC/DC2) by same procedure at the curve shown in Figure 4 and 5.Along with passage of time, the difference between current of every ampere is approximately corresponding to the temperature difference of a degree centigrade.Yet the temperature difference (or delta) between these two transducers seriously affects its life-span separately in its life cycle.
On Fig. 6, illustrational Pareto curve chart is estimated the life-span of these two transducers according to its temperature difference (successively for control card, for power card with for whole transducer).From this curve chart, calculate, the useful life of the first transducer DC/DC1 worked during than high 30 ℃ of the second transducer DC/DC2 in mean temperature is short approximately 5 times.Thereby the operation of such DC/DC transducer be arranged in parallel constraint should comprise that purpose is to guarantee its thermally equilibrated algorithm, so as the useful life of optimizing them with make it consistent.
In the situation that two transducers carry out is similar cooling, logically temperature difference is directly proportional to the difference between current recorded, or directly depends on the impedance contrast connected up between load and each DC/DC transducer.So Fig. 7 illustrates wiring impedance R1, R2 and the R3 between these two transducers and load.
In order to realize a kind of like this heat balance of these two DC/DC transducers, the present invention defines a kind of strategy, with the management of the internal temperature according to these two DC/DC transducers electric current separately, distributes, and the electric current that the temperature of known converters provides with it is directly related.Verfolgten Ziele is the temperature difference that is less than determined value (for example, 10 ℃).
For this reason, the present invention proposes to adopt the current balance type strategy, by realize the unbalanced study of wiring impedance between load and each DC/DC transducer in the learning cycle process, with this, between each transducer, manages current balance type, in order to make its life-span consistent.
The present invention allows to consider uneven the reinitializing of learning of wiring impedance in the transducer life equally.
In device of the present invention, consider two DC/DC transducers (DC/DC1 and DC/DC2) same from the read fortune of hardware and software viewpoint, be connected to communication system, for example, special-purpose or public CAN (" Controller Area Network (controller area net ") bus being controlled by outside controller (ECU).Mistake proofing mark (detrompage) allows to determine the configuration of each transducer: thereby they have two different identifiers after identification mistake proofing mark, and distinguished on this communication network.They are controlled by two different frameworks.
Each transducer DC/DC1 and DC/DC2 receive following set point:
ON/OF (open/stop) conversion command,
Voltage setting value U_target,
The maximum current set point I_max_target carried.
The hardware/software interface block diagram that is connected to the DC/DC transducer 39 of load 48 illustrates on Fig. 8.Software module 40 receives set point ON/OFF, U_target, I_max_target and voltage measurement signal U_meas, current measurement signal I_meas, and pulse-width signal PWM_U and PWM_I are provided.The hardware module 41 that receives these signals PWM_U and PWM_I comprises two average modules 42 and 43, follow current control loop 45 after following voltage control loop 44 and another average module after an average module, be connected to set point computing module 46, follow afterwards Switching Power Supply 47.
Fig. 9 illustrates the Principles of Regulation of the software module 50 of DC/DC transducer.Software voltage corrector 51 receives difference signal U
target-U
meas, and output signal PWM_U.Software electric current corrector 52 receives difference signal I
max_ target-Imeas output signal PWM_I.If regulation voltage, do not apply any restriction to electric current in other words, signal PWM_I equals 100%, regulation output voltage be signal PWM_U.
Hereinafter, in the situation that current balance type does not apply any restriction: I_max_target to electric current > Imeas.
In other words, in following example, the electric current of transducer still is less than the maximum current set point I_max_target that will carry.
In illustrational device of the present invention Implementation Modes, in these two DC/DC transducers, implement electric current/heat balance strategy on Figure 10.Main ECU does not manage the heat balance of these two transducers.It sends unique voltage setting value U target to two transducers, carries out self-balancing when study finishes period.It is Limited Current not.Heat balance strategy by study is implemented symmetrically in each DC/DC transducer.But, according to the self adaptation of the poor voltage setting value carried out of the wiring impedance recorded, be in these two transducers, to provide in the transducer of less electric current to carry out asymmetrically, should make it " lifting ", increase in other words its output current.
By between these DC/DC transducers and main ECU and the processing of the information of transmitting, can realize that equally degraded mode processes (operating in gross power X%) and diagnose redundancy between these two DC/DC transducers.
Figure 11 and 12 allows to make the feature of this execution mode to become significantly, is respectively not to be with and with the control chart of two DC/DC transducers of the parallel connection of heat balance strategy.While there is no heat balance, as shown in figure 11, electric current I 1 and I2 (Itotal=I1+I2) depend on the length difference of the cable between each transducer DC/DC1 and DC/DC2 and load.The asymmetric imbalance that automatically causes electric current of wiring.
When constraint is the degree of regulation of burning voltage and load one side, before any current balance type application of policies, it should determine the transducer that less electric current is provided, and wherein it should " promote " operation, in order to guarantee current balance type, and does not suppress another transducer.
For fear of this current imbalance, the present invention's proposition realizes the unbalanced study of wiring impedance, as shown in figure 12.Thereby, realize a learning phase in each DC/DC converter inside in the cycle of operation at predetermined number, in order to, measure the poor and mean temperature difference of average current between these transducers in these learning cycle processes after, calculate the voltage difference on the voltage setting value that puts on (or putting on asymmetrically two a) DC/DC transducer.
In the situation that two transducer parallel connections, each transducer is by comparing between the electric current that its electric current and the second transducer are flow through, for example the average current in a cycle of operation is poor for record, then when this end cycle, preserves the poor of this electric current I.Carry out this measurement during each learning cycle, from second round, the value of the value of precedence record and state-of-the-art record is averaging.
Obtain mean temperature difference on the cycle of operation at same number between these two transducers equally, carrying out " heat is relevant ", can suppress in case of necessity learning phase correction afterwards.
Finally voltage bias is put on to the voltage setting value of the transducer that less electric current is provided.This biasing is that the wiring impedance imbalance of obtaining from learning phase is calculated out.
In order to reduce delta I, illustrational as Figure 13 A and 13B, apply the compensation biasing on this voltage setting value, it is directly proportional to impedance contrast (gain G), or depends on the look-up table later defined in the feature of obtaining transducer configuration in parallel: Delta U compensation=f (Delta Ω).
Figure 13 A means an example, and wherein voltage compensation biasing Delta U is directly proportional to difference between current delta I.Figure 13 B means an example of look-up table (English is " lookup table "), and it comprises curve chart, and the compensation biasing Delta U that puts on transducer is associated with impedance contrast delta Ω.
This learning phase is realized in each transducer, as shown in figure 14, comprises several modules, in other words:
Carry out current balance type and realize the module 61 of learning phase according to temperature, be connected to:
The estimation block 62 of delta U=f (delta Ohm),
The estimation block 63 that is used for the target voltage (U target) of each transducer, the value of the Delta U that the U target initial value that its reception is provided by module 64 and module 62 provide, and wherein adopt following algorithm:
" if lifting " DC/DC1,
(U_target_2=U_tar_init
With
U_target_1=U_tar_init+delta_U)
Otherwise, if " lifting " DC/DC2,
(U_target_1=U_tar_init
With
U_target_2=U_tar_init+delta_U)
In other words, when temperature T ℃ 1 temperature T lower than transducer DC/DC2 of transducer DC/DC1 ℃ 2, compensation biasing delta U is added on the voltage setting value U_target_1 of transducer DC/DC1.When temperature T ℃ 2 temperature T lower than transducer DC/DC1 of transducer DC/DC2 ℃ 1, compensation biasing delta U is added on the voltage setting value U_target_2 of transducer DC/DC2.
In fact, be to make the coldest transducer DC/DC1 or DC/DC2 " lifting ".
If know in advance the wiring configuration, can meet delta U by the maximum of demarcating after test, can stop this phenomenon to produce.
Can when finishing, stipulate learning phase the predetermined value delta U that will apply equally in case of necessity.So, after this learning phase, this value delta U is applied on the set point of one or the other DC/DC transducer according to its wiring configuration.
Can in the module life process, regulation study reinitialize: when X dormancy period finishes, for example, predesignate after transducer once mounting/dismounting, and/or after in its life, wiring route overturns.
Claims (11)
1. the conversion equipment in the onboard power system of a vehicle, be connected on the one hand the stop-start module (11) that comprises alternator-starter and ultracapacitor (12) group, and be connected on the other hand 14 volts of onboard power systems (13) and the battery (14) of vehicle, it is characterized in that, it comprises at least two different DC/DC transducers (20 that are arranged in parallel, 21), described transducer from the read fortune of hardware and software viewpoint with and be connected to controller by communication system, there is symmetrical wiring at input and output; With the device of in definite periodic process, the wiring impedance imbalance being learnt.
2. according to the device of claim 1, it comprises the device that reinitializes.
3. according to the device of claim 1, it comprises two DC/DC transducers, each transducer (30) comprises software module (40), software module receives from controller (31) open/stall by the CAN bus and changes order, voltage setting value, the maximum current set point of carrying and voltage measurement signal and current measurement signal, rear and then hardware module (41), hardware module comprises two average modules (42 and 43), follow voltage control loop (44) after an average module and follow current control loop (45) after another average module, be connected to set point computing module (46), rear and then Switching Power Supply (47), wherein this software module (50) comprises voltage corrector and electric current corrector (52).
4. according to the device of claim 2, comprise that master controller and two receive shared voltage setting value thus from transducer, and communicate between them, make input provide the voltage setting value of the transducer of less electric current to carry out self adaptation.
5. according to the device of claim 1, wherein each transducer comprises several modules:
Carry out current balance type and realize the module (61) of learning phase according to temperature, be connected to:
The estimation block (62) of delta U=f (delta Ohm),
The estimation block (63) that is used for the target voltage (U_target) of each transducer, the value delta U that the U_target initial value that reception is provided by computing module (64) and its value estimation block (64) provide, and wherein adopt following algorithm:
" if lifting " DC/DC1,
(U_target_2=U_tar_init
With
U_target_1=U_tar_init+delta_U)
Otherwise, if " lifting " DC/DC2,
(U_target_1=U_tar_init
With
U_target_2=U_tar_init+delta_U)。
6. according to the device of claim 5, it is included in the device that applies voltage bias on the voltage setting value that the DC/DC of less electric current transducer is provided.
7. according to the device of claim 3, it comprises the processing apparatus of degraded mode.
8. according to the device of claim 3, it comprises diagnosis redundancy device.
9. an enforcement is according to the DC/DC conversion method in the vehicle onboard power system of the device of claim 2, and it comprises the following steps:
Receive the step of shared voltage setting value from controller in each transducer,
Each transducer carries out to another transducer the step that the internal information of relevant electric current and internal temperature is communicated by letter, and
Change the step of the voltage setting value that puts on the DC/DC transducer according to temperature difference.
10. according to the method for claim 9, be included in the step that applies voltage bias on the voltage setting value that the DC/DC of less electric current transducer is provided.
11. the method according to claim 10, comprise the following steps:
In each transducer by comparing between the electric current by its electric current and another transducer, the average current recorded in the cycle of operation is poor, then when this end cycle, store this difference between current, in each learning cycle, from second round, the value of precedence record and the value of state-of-the-art record are averaging, complete this measurement
Record the mean temperature difference between these two transducers in the cycle of operation of same number, carry out heat and be concerned with, its allows in case of necessity to suppress to revise after learning phase,
Apply voltage bias on the voltage setting value of the transducer that less electric current is provided, this biasing is uneven reckoning of wiring impedance of obtaining from learning phase.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1061143A FR2969849B1 (en) | 2010-12-23 | 2010-12-23 | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR CONVERTING IN THE INBOARD NETWORK OF A VEHICLE |
| FR1061143 | 2010-12-23 | ||
| PCT/FR2011/053125 WO2012085459A1 (en) | 2010-12-23 | 2011-12-21 | Device and method for dc/dc conversion in the onboard network of a vehicle |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103444064A true CN103444064A (en) | 2013-12-11 |
| CN103444064B CN103444064B (en) | 2016-10-19 |
Family
ID=44534870
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201180062635.9A Expired - Fee Related CN103444064B (en) | 2010-12-23 | 2011-12-21 | The apparatus and method of DC/DC conversion in vehicle on-board electrical network |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2656494A1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN103444064B (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2969849B1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2012085459A1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107813780A (en) * | 2016-09-14 | 2018-03-20 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | Method for running onboard power system |
| CN112187053A (en) * | 2019-07-05 | 2021-01-05 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | DC-DC converter control apparatus and DC-DC converter control method |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102012109725A1 (en) * | 2012-10-12 | 2014-04-17 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Method and arrangement for providing an electrical power for a vehicle electrical system of a motor vehicle |
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| US20100013307A1 (en) * | 2008-07-18 | 2010-01-21 | Heineman Douglas E | Active Droop Current Sharing |
| CN101662212A (en) * | 2008-07-18 | 2010-03-03 | 英特赛尔美国股份有限公司 | Active droop current sharing |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107813780A (en) * | 2016-09-14 | 2018-03-20 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | Method for running onboard power system |
| CN107813780B (en) * | 2016-09-14 | 2022-10-28 | 罗伯特·博世有限公司 | Method for operating a vehicle electrical system |
| CN112187053A (en) * | 2019-07-05 | 2021-01-05 | 丰田自动车株式会社 | DC-DC converter control apparatus and DC-DC converter control method |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN103444064B (en) | 2016-10-19 |
| FR2969849B1 (en) | 2012-12-28 |
| WO2012085459A1 (en) | 2012-06-28 |
| FR2969849A1 (en) | 2012-06-29 |
| EP2656494A1 (en) | 2013-10-30 |
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