CN103439650A - Method and device used for state monitoring and fault diagnosis of relay - Google Patents
Method and device used for state monitoring and fault diagnosis of relay Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a method and device used for achieving state monitoring and fault diagnosis of a relay through monitoring and analyzing the change of a control system circuit and a controlled system circuit of the relay. According to the method used for state monitoring and fault diagnosis of the relay, a selected fault sample is processed by means of a mode recognition algorithm, a classifier used for state diagnosis of the relay is obtained, the discrimination function of each class is obtained, and a result of state monitoring and fault diagnosis and repairing and maintenance suggestions are provided for relevant workers. The method and device used for state monitoring and fault diagnosis of the relay of the relay have the advantages that defects of an existing relay detection technique are overcome, the timing sequence of turning on and turning off of the relay does not need to be learned, hidden danger of a fault can be predicated, and then the relay can be maintained in advance to avoid the fault.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to electricity field, be specifically related to by monitoring and split-phase relay control system loop and the state of relay carried out to the method and apparatus of monitoring and fault diagnosis by the variation of control system circuit.
Background technology
Relay is a kind of electric control device, is when the variation of input quantity (energizing quantity) reaches the regulation requirement, in electric output circuit, makes controlled volume that a kind of electrical equipment that predetermined step changes occurs.It has control system loop (claim not only input circuit) and is controlled the interactive relationship between system circuit (but also claiming output loop).Usually be applied in the control circuit of robotization, it is actually a kind of " automatic switch " that goes to control large electric current running with little electric current, plays the effects such as automatic adjusting, safeguard protection, change-over circuit in circuit.Being widely used in remote control, remote measurement, communication, control automatically, electromechanical integration and power electronic equipment, is one of most important control element.Relay generally is comprised of sense mechanism, three essential parts of intermediary agency and topworks.Sense mechanism passes to intermediary agency to the electric parameters that senses, and it and specified setting valve are compared when reaching setting valve (the excessive or amount of owing), and intermediary agency just makes topworks move, thereby is switched on or switched off controlled circuit.
The kind of relay is a lot, by purposes, can be divided into pilot relay and protective relay; Character by input signal can be divided into voltage relay, current relay, the time relay, speed relay, pressure switch and temperature relay etc.; Can be divided into electromagnetic type relay, induction type relay, electrothermal relay and electronic relay etc. by principle of work; Can be divided into instantaneous acting relay and timing relay etc. by the action time.
Because relay plays a part " automatic switch " in control circuit, so whether the duty of relay is good, the whether correct direct relation of switch motion the target whether control action can reach control.If the relay duty is bad, just likely cause controlling unsuccessfully or wrong control, the lighter causes quality accident, and severe one also likely causes great security incident.
(application number: 201110041317.6) disclose a kind of sequential of the closed and disconnected according to the relay in electric vehicle high-voltage system, be in normal duty or in malfunction according to voltage and/or the relay coil electric current judgement relay at relay two ends to Chinese patent " a kind of relay status detection method of electric vehicle high-voltage system and device ".This invention preferably resolves the state-detection problem of electric motor car high-voltage relay, but because this invention need to be known the closed and disconnected sequential of relay in advance, could diagnose the state of relay, thereby the operative scenario that can't obtain a lot of relay closes and disconnection sequential can not be suitable for.The method can only judge the more unpredictable potential faults of kind that the normal or fault two states of relay can't tracing trouble in addition, and it can't avoid the generation of accident.
Summary of the invention
For existing relay fault state monitoring and method for diagnosing faults and device not
Foot, the invention provides a kind of relay status monitoring and fault diagnosis method and device.By
Thereby real-time detection control system loop and quilt are controlled the variation of system circuit signal and it are carried out to analyzing and processing and draw relay status and failure cause.The method and device have overcome the deficiency of existing detection technique, not only do not need to know the sequential of relay closes and disconnection, and can also predict the hidden danger of fault, thereby avoid the generation of fault by maintenance in advance.
A kind of relay status monitoring and fault diagnosis method of the present invention comprises the following steps:
1. choose electric current, voltage, the impedance in control system loop and the signal characteristic of being used as the relay fault diagnosis by the impedance of control system circuit;
2. according to artificial experience or by algorithm for pattern recognition, selected fault-signal feature samples is processed, obtained the sorter for the relay status diagnosis, and obtained the discriminant function of each classification;
3. acquisition control system loop and quilt are controlled the correlation parameter signal of system circuit;
4. signal characteristic is analyzed, processed and extracted to the control system loop and the quilt control system circuit signal that detect, utilize these features and utilize the sorter that step 2 is obtained to classify and draw diagnostic result relay status;
5. state analysis and diagnostic result and maintenance, maintenance suggestion are presented to the relevant staff.
Further, above-mentioned algorithm for pattern recognition algorithm supervised recognition, non-supervisory pattern-recognition,, any one in support vector machine, artificial neural network, fault tree.
A kind of relay status monitoring and fault diagnosis device of the present invention comprises: for completing the control system loop signal collecting unit of relay control system loop signal acquisition function, be used for relay and controlled the quilt control system circuit signal gathering unit of system circuit signals collecting function, the relay status monitoring and fault diagnosis unit that has been used for relay status monitoring and fault diagnosis function, be used for relay status and monitored and presented the relay status monitoring display unit of function,
Described control system loop signal collecting unit completes collection and the transmission of control system loop electric signal, it is connected with relay status monitoring and fault diagnosis unit, directly to be connected with the control system loop or with the non-contacting way of electromagnetic induction in control system loop, to obtain the control system loop signal;
The described system circuit signal gathering unit of being controlled completes by collection and the transmission of control system circuit signal, it is connected with relay status monitoring and fault diagnosis unit, directly to be connected with quilt control system circuit or to be obtained by control system circuit signal to control the non-contacting way of electromagnetic induction of system circuit;
Described relay status monitoring and fault diagnosis unit completes the control system loop signal, is controlled the processing of system circuit signal, relay status is analyzed and diagnostic function, complete the transmission of relay status, failure cause and processing advisory information, it is controlled the system circuit signal gathering unit with control system loop signal collecting unit, quilt, relay status monitoring display unit is connected;
Described relay status monitoring display unit completes the relay status monitoring and presents function, and it is connected with relay status monitoring and fault diagnosis unit.
Further, described control system loop signal collecting unit, is controlled that system circuit signal gathering unit, relay status monitoring and fault diagnosis unit, relay status are monitored, display unit both available software realize, also available hardware realizes, both can be integrated in a physical entity and form intelligent relay with relay, but also one or several combines one or several physical entity of formation.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the relay principle schematic;
Fig. 2 is a kind of relay status monitoring and fault diagnosis device logical schematic of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a kind of relay status monitoring and fault diagnosis device embodiment logical schematic;
Fig. 4 is another kind of relay status monitoring and fault diagnosis device embodiment logical schematic.
Embodiment
Below take electromagnetic relay as the example detailed description embodiment of the present invention.
Electromagnetic relay mainly is comprised of coil, iron core, armature, yoke, back-moving spring and two or more sets reeds etc.
The system circuit of being controlled of electromagnetic induction relay has two kinds of methods of attachment.A kind of is as shown in Figure 3, is controlled the Chang Kaiduan binding post that system circuit is connected to relay, and another kind is as shown in Figure 4, is controlled the normal-closed end binding post that system circuit is connected to relay, and the principle of work of two kinds of connections is just contrary.Electromagnetic relay utilizes electromagnetic induction principle to carry out work: at control system circuit coil two ends, add certain voltage, just having electric current in coil flows through, thereby generation galvanomagnetic effect, armature just overcomes the pulling force of anti-spring and inhales to iron core under the effect of electromagnetic attracting force, thereby with moving contact and the normally opened contact adhesive of moving armature, thereby make relay be controlled system circuit closure (Fig. 3 connected mode) or disconnect (Fig. 4 connected mode).After coil blackout, the suction of electromagnetism also disappears thereupon, armature will return to original position under the reacting force of spring, makes moving contact and normally closed contact adhesive, thereby make relay be controlled system circuit, disconnects (Fig. 3 connected mode) or closed (Fig. 4 connected mode).Thereby adhesive like this, release reach by the purpose of the conducting of control system circuit/disconnection.
" often opening " " normally closed " for relay can distinguish like this; Relay coil do not switch on before in off-state for stationary contact, be called " normally opened contact ", the stationary contact in on-state is called " normally closed contact ".
As shown in 3,4 figure, the relay status monitoring and fault diagnosis device based on electromagnetic relay comprises: electromagnetic relay, control system loop signal collecting unit, quilt are controlled system circuit signal gathering unit, relay load, relay status monitoring and fault diagnosis unit, relay status monitoring unit.Control system loop signal collecting unit, is controlled the system circuit signal gathering unit and communicate by Ethernet interface and ICP/IP protocol or wireless network and relay status monitoring and fault diagnosis unit, relay status monitoring and fault diagnosis unit is by Ethernet interface or wireless network and relay status is monitored, display unit communicates.
The non-contact electromagnetic induction type current sensor that the utilization of control system loop signal collecting unit is sleeved on the control system return wire detects curent change in the control system loop, utilizes the change in voltage between two connection terminals of non-contact electromagnetic induction type voltage sensor senses control system loop; Control system loop signal collecting unit sends to relay status monitoring and fault diagnosis unit to the current signal that detects and voltage signal by Ethernet or wireless network and ICP/IP protocol after the A/D change-over circuit converts digital signal to.
Controlled the system circuit signal gathering unit and detected curent change in the control system loop by being sleeved on the non-contact electromagnetic induction type current sensor of being controlled on the system circuit wire, by being sleeved on the change in voltage between non-contact electromagnetic induction type voltage sensor senses control system loop two connection terminals of being controlled on the system circuit wire.Controlled the system circuit signal gathering unit current signal detected and voltage signal are sent to relay status monitoring and fault diagnosis unit by Ethernet or wireless network and ICP/IP protocol after the A/D change-over circuit converts digital signal to; Relay status monitoring and fault diagnosis unit receive the control system loop and controlled electric current that system circuit sends respectively and voltage signal after it is processed to the parameters such as the impedance of obtaining synchronization relay input end and output terminal, instantaneous power.It is described that to utilize electric current and voltage to ask for impedance, the isoparametric formula of instantaneous power and method identical with general physics or the above method of circuitry textbook.
For the convenience of narrating, the relay control system loop voltage that existing setting detects is Vi, and electric current is Ii, and impedance is Ri, and being controlled the system circuit impedance is Ro; Under closure state during according to theory is derived and actual measurement obtains relay work, the control system loop voltage is Vic, electric current is Iic, resistance is Ric, by controlling the system circuit impedance, be Roc, under the relay off-state, the control system loop voltage is Vib, the control system loop current is Iib, and impedance is Rib, and being controlled the system circuit voltage impedance is Rob.
Below, set forth the concrete steps of this relay status monitoring and fault diagnosis method:
1. choose control system loop and quilt and control the parameters such as the electric current of system circuit, voltage, impedance as the signal characteristic that relay status is diagnosed;
2. utilize the SVM algorithm of support vector machine to process and obtain the relay status sorter existing relay status sample.The sorter and the border that obtain are as follows:
(1) conducting normal condition: if Vi > Vc and Vi<1.5Vic and 0.8Ric<Ri<1.2Ric the control system loop state is normal, if Ro<2Roc at this moment diagnoses relay work in the conducting normal condition;
(2) the control system loop fault that coil short causes: if resistance R i<0.5Ric between the relay control system loop, diagnose the relay control system loop to have fault, reason may be the coil short caused due to the breakage of control system circuit coil enameled wire;
(3) the control system loop fault hidden danger that coil short causes: if resistance 0.5Rsc<Ri<0.8Ric between the relay control system loop, diagnose the relay control system loop to have potential faults, the hidden danger reason may be the coil short caused due to the breakage of control system circuit coil enameled wire;
(4) the control system loop contacts bad fault: if resistance 1.5Ric<Ri<2Ric between the relay control system loop, diagnose the relay fault, fault, the hidden danger reason may be that the control system loop contact caused due to solder joint rosin joint, extension line or enameled wire fracture etc. is bad;
(5) the bad or open circuit fault of control system loop contact: if resistance R i between the relay control system loop > 2Ric, diagnose the relay fault, failure cause may be the bad or open circuit fault of control system loop contact caused due to solder joint rosin joint, extension line or enameled wire fracture etc.;
(6) fifth wheel, contamination, reed fracture and gap adjust improper etc. cause controlled the system circuit potential faults: if 0.5Vsc<Vi<1.5 Vic and 0.8Ric<Ri<1.5Ric the control system loop state is normal, if 2Roc<Ro<10 Roc at this moment, diagnose relay to be controlled the system circuit potential faults, it is improper etc. that the hidden danger reason may be that fifth wheel, contamination, reed fracture and gap are adjusted;
(7) being controlled system circuit powers up and contacts bad or not adhesive fault rear normal battle: if 0.5Vsc<Vi<1.5 Vic and 0.8Ric<Ri<1.5Ric the control system loop state is normal, if Ro at this moment > 10Roc, diagnose relay to be controlled the system circuit fault, failure cause may be contact stain or ablation after contact diminish, coating damages oxidation etc. cause power up the bad or not adhesive of rear normal contact battle;
(8) do not discharged fault normal battle by the control system after the outage that contact adhesion, fifth wheel clamping stagnation, reed displacement etc. cause: if Vi<Vb and Ii<Ib judge that relay control system sends cut-off signal, if at this moment relay is controlled impedance Ro<0.5Rob between system circuit, diagnose relay duty fault, failure cause may be that the outage that contact adhesion, fifth wheel clamping stagnation, reed displacement etc. cause does not discharge afterwards normal battle;
(9) disconnect normal condition: if Vi<Vb and Ii<Ib judge that relay control system sends cut-off signal, if at this moment relay is controlled impedance Ro between system circuit > 0.5Rob, diagnose relay work in normal condition;
3. utilize Hall current sensor and non-contact voltage transducer acquisition control system loop current, voltage and impedance signal and controlled the system impedance signal;
4. the control system loop and the quilt control system circuit signal that detect are analyzed, processed the extraction signal characteristic and utilize these features and utilize the sorter that step 1 obtains to be classified to relay status; The process of classification is exactly that the sorter that obtains of the relay current demand signal feature and 2 to extracting compares, and the scope which classification is eigenwert fall just is judged to be state which kind of belongs to;
5. state analysis and diagnostic result and maintenance, maintenance suggestion etc. are presented to the related personnel.After relay status monitoring and fault diagnosis unit obtains the relay status result, state outcome and processing suggestion are sent to relay status monitoring, display unit.Relay status is monitored, display unit is stored state outcome and in modes such as sound, text, image, chart, videos, result and processing suggestion are presented to the related personnel.
Claims (5)
1. a relay status monitoring and fault diagnosis method, is characterized in that, specifically comprises the following steps:
Step 1. is chosen electric current, voltage, the impedance in control system loop and the signal characteristic of being used as the relay fault diagnosis by the impedance of control system circuit;
Step 2. adopts algorithm for pattern recognition to be processed selected fault-signal feature samples, obtains the sorter for the relay status diagnosis, and obtains the discriminant function of each classification;
Step 3. acquisition control system loop and quilt are controlled the correlation parameter signal of system circuit;
The control system loop that step 4. pair detects and quilt are controlled the system circuit signal and are analyzed, process and extract signal characteristic, utilize these features and utilize the sorter that step 2 is obtained to be classified to relay status;
Step 5. is presented to the relevant staff to state analysis and diagnostic result and maintenance, maintenance suggestion.
2. relay status monitoring and fault diagnosis method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described algorithm for pattern recognition comprises any one in supervised recognition method, non-supervisory mode identification method, support vector machine, artificial neural network, fault tree.
3. a device that implements the claims 1 described relay status monitoring and fault diagnosis method, is characterized in that comprising: for the control system loop signal collecting unit that completes relay control system loop signal acquisition function, the quilt of being controlled system circuit signals collecting function for completing relay, control system circuit signal gathering unit, the relay status monitoring and fault diagnosis unit for completing relay status monitoring and fault diagnosis function, the relay status monitoring display unit of monitoring and present function for completing relay status;
Described control system loop signal collecting unit completes collection and the transmission of control system loop electric signal, it is connected with relay status monitoring and fault diagnosis unit, directly to be connected with the control system loop or with the non-contacting way of electromagnetic induction in control system loop, to obtain the control system loop signal;
The described system circuit signal gathering unit of being controlled completes by collection and the transmission of control system circuit signal, it is connected with relay status monitoring and fault diagnosis unit, directly to be connected with quilt control system circuit or to be obtained by control system circuit signal to control the non-contacting way of electromagnetic induction of system circuit;
Described relay status monitoring and fault diagnosis unit completes the control system loop signal, is controlled the processing of system circuit signal, relay status is analyzed and diagnostic function, complete the transmission of relay status, failure cause and processing advisory information, it is controlled the system circuit signal gathering unit with control system loop signal collecting unit, quilt, relay status monitoring display unit is connected;
Described relay status monitoring display unit completes the relay status monitoring and presents function, and it is connected with relay status monitoring and fault diagnosis unit.
4. device according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, described control system loop signal collecting unit, is controlled each unit in system circuit signal gathering unit, relay status monitoring and fault diagnosis unit and relay status monitoring display unit both available software realize, also available hardware realization.
5. device according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, described control system loop signal collecting unit, quilt are controlled system circuit signal gathering unit, relay status monitoring and fault diagnosis unit and relay status monitoring display unit and both can be integrated in a physical entity and form intelligent relay with relay, but also one or several combines one or several physical entity of formation.
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